WISPy Cold Dark Matter Heidelberg University!
** J. Jaeckel
† S. Abel , J. Berges**, B. Doebrichz, M. Goodsellxx, H. Gies0, F. Kahlhoefer*, S. Knirck**, † V. Khoze , A. Lobanovy, J. Redondox, A. Ringwald*, K. Schmidt-Hoberg* and The FUNK Collaboration ** † ITP Heidelberg, zCERN, IPPP Durham, *DESY, YMPIfR Bonn, xU. Zaragoza, xxParis LPTHE, 0ITP Jena
What we know...
Inventory of the Universe Heidelberg University!
Dark Energy 68%
Neutrinos 0.1-0.5%
Ordinary matter 5% Dark Matter 27% Where does it hide? Where does it hide?
Try to find me Exploring is (at least) 2 dimensional Heidelberg University!
ν,Fixed target Can Dark Matter be WISPy? (Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particley ) Slim
Dark Matter Properties of Dark Matter Heidelberg University!
• Dark matter is dark, i.e. it doesn‘t radiate! (and also doesn‘t absorb)
è very, very weak interactions with light and with ordinary matter
è Exactly the property of WISPs Exploring is (at least) 2 dimensional Heidelberg University!
“dark” ν,Fixed target = weakly coupled A common prejudice Heidelberg University! • Dark Matter has to be heavy:
• Prejudice based on thermal production! and/or fermionic DM!
Both assumptions give v>vescape minimal velocity è(thermal/Fermi) galaxy, i.e. structure, formation inhibited! v • Has to be non-thermally (cold!!!) produced See misalignment mechanism • Bosonic! Axion(-like particles) Hidden Photons Dark matter has to be heavy… Heidelberg University! Dark matter has to be heavy Dark matter has to be heavy… Heidelberg University! Dark matter has to be heavy Example WISP: Axions in a nutshell A dirty little secret... Heidelberg University! • The θ-term violates time reversal (T=CP)! • Connected to strong interactions! Electric dipole moment of the neutron! Not found è µ~0!!! The axion solution to the strong CP problem Heidelberg University! • Make µ dynamical è it can change its value Classical potential With QCD quantum corrections The axion solution to the strong CP problem Heidelberg University! • Make µ dynamical è it can change its value initially Classical potential With QCD quantum corrections The axion solution to the strong CP problem Heidelberg University! • Make µ dynamical è it can change its value after some time Classical potential With QCD quantum corrections è QCD likes to be CP conserving (if we allow it) The axion solution to the strong CP problem Heidelberg University! • Make µ dynamical è it can change its value Classical potential With QCD quantum corrections è Can still move è new particle = axion Axions Heidelberg University! • Classical flatness from symmetry • Quantum corrections are small • New light particle: The Axion (it’s a Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particle) Dark matter candidate Good motivation for axion/WISP experiments Axion also couples to two photons Heidelberg University! Coupling to two photons Very very weak Because: Very large Axion also couples to two photons Heidelberg University! “A” Physics J Coupling to two photons Very very weak Because: Very large Axion also couples to two photons Heidelberg University! Coupling to two photons Very very weak Because: Very large Axion-like Particles Heidelberg University! mass/energy 0 CDF LHC Y inv. LEP + - -3 e e inv.+ Beam LSW dump ] -6 1 - 0 SN1987a ¼ GeV [ CAST aBB -9 + g SUMICO HB stars 10 SN1987a Cosmology Log -12 Weaker interactionWeaker Intermediate string scale models -15 Axion band -18 -15 -12 -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 Log10 ma[eV] Axion-like Particles Heidelberg University! mass/energy 0 CDF LHC Y inv. LEP + - -3 e e inv.+ Beam LSW dump ] -6 1 - SN1987a GeV [ CAST aBB -9 + g SUMICO HB stars 750 GeV ALP 10 SN1987a Cosmology Log -12 Weaker interactionWeaker Intermediate string scale models -15 Axion band -18 -15 -12 -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 Log10 ma[eV] Looking for Axions/ALPs Light shining through walls Heidelberg University! X X Light shining through walls Heidelberg University! X X • Test • Enormous precision! • Study extremely weak couplings! Photons coming through the wall! Heidelberg University! • It could be Axion(-like particle)s! • Coupling to two photons: a a ALPS @ Hamburg Heidelberg University! 0 CDF LHC Y inv. LEP + - -3 e e inv.+ Beam ALPS-ILSW dump ] -6 1 ~104 GeV - SN1987a GeV [ CAST aBB -9 ALPS-II + g SUMICO HB stars 8 10 ~10 GeV SN1987a Cosmology Log -12 Intermediate string scale models -15 Axion band -18 -15 -12 -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 Log10 ma[eV] Going deeper Helioscopes Heidelberg University! CAST@CERN SUMICO@Tokyo SHIPS@Hamburg Sun Detector Ion Going to the future: IAXO Heidelberg University! The International Axion Observatory CAST + IAXO Heidelberg University! 0 CDF LHC Y inv. LEP + - -3 e e inv.+ Beam ALPS-ILSW dump ] -6 1 - SN1987a GeV [ CAST aBB -9 + g SUMICO HB stars 10 SN1987a Cosmology 9 Log IAXO ~10 GeV -12 Intermediate string scale models -15 Axion band -18 -15 -12 -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 Log10 ma[eV] Dark Matter(s) The axion has no clue where to start Heidelberg University! Can sit anywhere Early times High T>TQCD The axion has no clue where to start Heidelberg University! Early times High T>TQCD t&10µs Low T Can start moving… The axion solution to the strong CP problem Heidelberg University! Classical potential With QCD quantum corrections è Oscillations contain energy è behave like non-relativistic particles (T=0) Why Cold? Inflation! Heidelberg University! Field value space Axion(-like particle) Dark Matter Heidelberg University! ~107 GeV ~1012 GeV Detecting WISPy DM Use a plentiful source of axions Heidelberg University! • Photon Regeneration Photon (amplified in resonator) axion (dark matter) Signal: Total energy of axion Heidelberg University! RF Receiver Virial velocity in galaxy halo! An extremely sensitive probe!!! Heidelberg University! Electricity from Dark Matter ;-). Heidelberg University! • Photon Regeneration Photon (amplified in resonator) axion (dark matter) Really sustainable Energy Heidelberg University! • Galaxy contains (6-30)x1011 solar masses of DM è (3-15)x1043 TWh @100000 TWh per year (total world today) è 1038 years J DM power ½*v~300 MeV/cm3*300km/s~10 W/m2 compared to 2W/m2 for wind A discovery possible any minute! Heidelberg University! Beam Encircling the axion… Heidelberg Dump University! -6 LSW ALPS-I SN1987a -8 Solar n HelioscopesH CASTL YMCE Telescopes HB D -10 1 TeV ALPS-II - SN g-burst Transparency H L REAPR GeV @ IAXO xion -12 WD cooling hint Coupling Dish axion CDM Antenna Haloscopes ADMX-HF Log -14 ALP CDM ADMX Intermediate string scale EBL -16 X axion - Rays KSVZ -18 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 Log Mass eV @ D Beyond ALPs Also for hidden photons!!! Heidelberg University! • There are other very light DM candidates • E.g extra (hidden) U(1) bosons=hidden photons!!! @ DESY + Bonn: WISPDMX Heidelberg University! New Results! Broadband Search Strategy Dark Matter Antenna Heidelberg University! Antenna converts axion->photon Radiation concentrated in center Detector B Probes here; very sensitive!! The FUNK Experiment Heidelberg University! Recycle Auger mirror Detector First Results Heidelberg University! Upgrade: The PMT 9000(+107) Heidelberg University! Discovery Potential J!!! A Dream for Astrology ehhm Astronomy Heidelberg University! • Emission from moving dark matter VDM =0 VDM≠0= • A picture of the DM-velocity distribution Screen Going Monodromic Axion Monodromy Heidelberg University! • Allows for extended field range Advantages Heidelberg University! • Allows to start with higher energy density è More DM vs Models in this region! Interesting Phenomena?? Heidelberg University! Could get stuck here Oscillations like DM! Interesting Phenomena?? Heidelberg University! Overdense region? Could get stuck here Interesting Phenomena?? Heidelberg University! Regions with “negative mass” Instability è Particle Production with p≠0?!? Running through walls A WISPy Domain Wall Heidelberg University! Potential with two minima Domain wall from side 1 To side 2 A WISPy Domain Wall Heidelberg University! Potential with two minima Domain wall from side 1 To side 2 v aLIGO Heidelberg University! • Has detected gravitational waves!! • Is an Interferometer Interference pattern Causing a phase shift Heidelberg University! • Interaction inside wall creates photon mass aLIGO Heidelberg University! • Has detected gravitational waves!! • Is an Interferometer Interference pattern changed Signal shapes Heidelberg University! Signal shapes Heidelberg University! How to distiguish from grav waves? Heidelberg University! • velocity< è Time difference between two sites ~few seconds è Need careful analysis strategies Conclusions Conclusions Heidelberg University! • Good Physics Case for Axions and WISPs explore `The Low Energy Frontier’ • Low energy experiments complementary to accelerators! • Dark Matter may be WISPy J è New Search opportunities! è Searches ongoing! è Crazy things to explore! X