Japanese Mission Reaches Unexplored Asteroid Ryugu Hayabusa-2 Will Release Four Landing Probes Before Touching Down to Collect Samples

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Japanese Mission Reaches Unexplored Asteroid Ryugu Hayabusa-2 Will Release Four Landing Probes Before Touching Down to Collect Samples IN FOCUS NEWS and supplies are the second-largest expense for overall research capability will probably in Poughkeepsie, New York, who studies his research, after paying wages. Lapen says decline under the tariffs. science and technology development in China, that his costs are likely to increase because the But other researchers aren’t worried. says that the tariffs would not have a significant US tariff list includes equipment or parts his Roberto Refinetti, a biopsychologist who effect on research projects and experiments in team needs, such as electrical motors that drive studies biological clocks at Boise State Uni- China. She says that is because some univer- centrifuges. versity in Idaho, uses some small Chinese- sities have large enough budgets to absorb Priscilla Cushman, a dark-matter physicist manufactured equipment for his work, such increased costs. Researchers could also share at the University of Minnesota in Minneapo- as infrared motion detectors for monitoring more equipment than they do now, or use lis, says that research deans at US universities rodents. He doesn’t think that the tariffs on goods made domestically and from countries should be scrutinizing the list to see whether Chinese goods will significantly increase the other than the United States. the taxes will affect their facilities. cost of his research, because he purchases that Brian Xu, a toxicologist for the scientific type of equipment infrequently. consulting firm ACTA in Washington DC, SCIENCE SQUEEZE The White House and the Office of the which works with businesses in China, agrees The tariffs could also cause havoc for large- United States Trade Representative did not that China’s proposal to place tariffs on US scale experiments, such as the ADMX respond to Nature’s request for comment on chemicals and scientific equipment is unlikely dark-matter detector at the University of Wash- researchers’ concerns. to have a major effect on Chinese research. ington in Seattle, which is under construction. In China, the tariff dispute could increase the He notes that scientists there import only a The project’s lead scientist, physicist Leslie cost of standard reagents used in laboratory and small amount of US-made chemicals, and Rosenberg, is worried that the equipment his medical devices that scientists import from the that infrequently replaced scientific equip- team needs to build experiments — such as United States. Ruibang Luo, a bioinformatician ment from other countries, such as Japan and tools for power generation and distribution, at the University of Hong Kong who collabo- Germany, is of comparable quality and cost. and machinery that has Chinese electrical com- rates with researchers on the mainland, says But the latest round of tariffs might not ponents — could be subject to the latest tariffs. that if the Chinese government interprets some be the last. On 18 June, Trump threatened to “Anyone can see the tariff list, but an official tariff items literally, the taxes could apply to a impose additional tariffs on Chinese goods must determine whether any particular pro- broad range of US-made reagents and research if the country does not rescind its tariffs and curement falls under the tariff,” he says. devices, including some DNA sequencers. create a more balanced trade relationship with Rosenberg thinks that the United States’ But Yu Zhou, a researcher at Vassar College the United States. ■ SPACE Japanese mission reaches unexplored asteroid Ryugu Hayabusa-2 will release four landing probes before touching down to collect samples. BY DAVIDE CASTELVECCHI “From a distance, Ryugu initially appeared a fly-by of a C-type asteroid from a distance round, then gradually turned into a square of more than 1,000 kilometres. Hayabusa-2 is fter travelling for three and a half years, before becoming a beautiful shape simi- the only spacecraft to have come this close to a the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa-2 lar to fluorite, known as the ‘firefly stone’ in C-type asteroid, says Lucy McFadden, a plan- this week makes its final approach Japanese,” project manager Yuichi Tsuda said etary scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Ato the asteroid Ryugu. The probe will release in a 25 June statement. Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. landers on the space rock’s surface later this Launched in December 2014, the probe is a “We don’t know much about C-type aster- year and bring a precious sample back to ter- follow-up to — and near-clone of — Hayabusa, oids,” says McFadden. But they are expected to restrial labs in 2020. It is already giving plan- which explored the asteroid Itokawa starting have a composition similar to that of the early etary scientists their closest-ever view of a in 2005. Hayabusa Solar System. In particular, Hayabusa-2 will mysterious kind of asteroid. was the first mission “Ryugu initially determine whether the darkness of Ryugu’s The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to return an aster- appeared round, surface is due to it being rich in carbon — as is (JAXA) last week released grainy pictures oid sample to Earth. before becoming often assumed — or to small, metallic particles from a distance of around 300 kilometres away, Ryugu is about 1 a beautiful such as magnetite. revealing that Ryugu — an asteroid of a com- kilometre across — shape similar to Chemical and isotopic analyses of the rock mon but little-studied type — looks similar to around 3 times wider fluorite.” — to be done in space by Hayabusa-2’s landers a spinning top. than Itokawa but and then in terrestrial labs — could help to This week, a much more detailed picture, one-quarter the size of the comet 67P/Churyu- explain the origins of Earth and, particularly, from 40 kilometres away, showed a surface mov–Gerasimenko, which the European Space its water. Many researchers think that Earth’s strewn with large boulders. Hayabusa-2 will Agency’s Rosetta probe visited between 2014 oceans formed from a bombardment of water- continue to inch towards the asteroid until it is and 2016. rich asteroids or comets. about 10 kilometres away, which JAXA expects Ryugu is a ‘C-type’ asteroid, which has a Among the first measurements Hayabusa-2 will happen around 27 June. Ryugu’s orbit cuts darker surface than does Itokawa. In 1997, a made was one of Ryugu’s rotational period, or between those of Earth and Mars. NASA mission called NEAR Shoemaker made time it takes to make one turn on its own ©2018 Mac millan Publishers Li mited, part of Spri nger Nature. All ri ghts reserved. ©2018 Mac millan Publishers Li mited, part of Spri nger Nature. All ri ghts 28rese rJUNEved. 2018 | VOL 558 | NATURE | 495 NEWS IN FOCUS the asteroid, and the three other small probes carried by the mothership. JAXA “We will use the information we get from the mother spacecraft to do landing-site selection,” says MASCOT payload manager Stephan Ulamec of the German Aerospace Center in Cologne. Ulamec was also project manager for Philae, a probe that Rosetta released onto the surface of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. That approach took several hours because Rosetta was orbiting the comet and Philae had to spiral down to its surface. Hayabusa-2 will simply hover over Ryugu — using its own gentle ion engines to counteract the asteroid’s gravitational attraction — and release MASCOT straight down. Some time in October, the lander will make a soft touch- down. After MASCOT settles on the surface, an internal mechanism will straighten the lander up so it can use its on-board instruments and communicate with Hayabusa-2. MASCOT carries no solar panels and its batteries are expected to last only a few hours. The team will meet in Toulouse, France, in An artist’s impression of Hayabusa-2. mid-August to make the final selection for the landing site of MASCOT and its companions. axis, which is about 7.5 hours. This is good is to pinpoint its own position using laser rang- Meanwhile, Hayabusa-2 will make its own, news, because a much faster rotation could have ing so that it can manoeuvre accordingly. “We brief soft landings to collect samples of the made it harder to approach the surface, says want to know the exact distance of the space- asteroid’s surface. Then, in late 2019, it will mission manager Makoto Yoshikawa of JAXA’s craft to the asteroid,” Yoshikawa says. Also head back to Earth, a journey expected to last Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in crucial is to map the asteroid surface using its a year. Compared to the more daring manoeu- Sagamihara. But its shape was surprising, he on-board camera and infrared spectrometer. vres to reach the asteroid’s surface, the current says, because it has a bulge around the equator, Temperature variations will hint at the com- part of the mission is relatively low risk, says something that is usually associated with much position of the surface. All of these data will Yoshikawa. But as the craft approaches Ryugu, faster-spinning objects, Yoshikawa adds. be crucial for deciding where to release MAS- his team has already kicked into high gear, he Hayabusa-2’s most important task right now COT, the shoebox-sized lander that will probe adds: “I do not have much time for sleep.” ■ CLIMATE CHANGE Methane leaks from US gas fields dwarf official estimates Latest study suggests that emissions could be coming from faulty equipment. BY GIORGIA GUGLIELMI estimates. That research prompted the chemist at the Environmental Defense Fund, government to develop regulations that would a non-profit group in Austin, Texas. ethane leaks from the US oil and restrict methane emissions from oil and gas Methane warms the planet 80 times as much gas industry are 60% greater than production — rules that US President Donald as carbon dioxide does over the first 20 years official estimates, according to an Trump is now attempting to roll back.
Recommended publications
  • Matematikken Viser Vej Til Mars
    S •Matematikken The viser vej til Mars Kim Plauborg © The Terma Group 2016 THE BEGINNING Terma has been in Space since man walked on the Moon! © The Terma Group 2016 FROM ESRO TO EXOMARS Terma powered the first comet landing ever! BREAKING NEWS The mission ends today when the Rosetta satellite will set down on the surface In 2014 the Rosetta satellite deployed the small lander Philae, which landed on the cometof 67P morethe than 10 comet years after Rosetta was launched. © The Terma Group 2016 FROM ESRO TO EXOMARS Rosetta Mars Express Technology Venus Express evolution and Galileo enhancement Small GEO BepiColombo ExoMars © The Terma Group 2016 Why go Mars? Getting to and landing on Mars is difficult ! © The Terma Group 2016 THE EXOMARS PROGRAMME Two ESA missions to Mars in cooperation with Roscosmos with the main objective to search for evidence of life 2016 Mission Trace Gas Orbiter Schiaparelli 2020 Mission Rover Surface platform © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 14th March 2016 Launched from Baikonur cosmodrome, Kazakhstan © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 16th October 2016 Separation of Schiaparelli from the orbiter © The Terma Group 2016 SCHIAPARELLI Schiaparelli (EDM) - an entry, descent and landing demonstrator module © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 19th October 2016 Landing of Schiaparelli the surface of Mars © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 19th October 2016 Landing of Schiaparelli the surface of Mars © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2020 © The Terma Group 2016 TERMA AND EXOMARS Terma deliveries to the ExoMars 2016 mission • Remote Terminal Power Unit for Schiaparelli • Mission Control System • Spacecraft Simulator • Support for the Launch and Early Orbit Phase © The Terma Group 2016 ExoMars RTPU The RTPU is a central unit in the Schiaparelli lander.
    [Show full text]
  • How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care About Rosetta and Philae 13 How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care About Rosetta and Philae
    How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care about Best Practice Rosetta and Philae Claudia Mignone Anne-Mareike Homfeld Sebastian Marcu Vitrociset Belgium for European Space ATG Europe for European Space Design & Data GmbH Agency (ESA) Agency (ESA) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Carlo Palazzari Emily Baldwin Markus Bauer Design & Data GmbH EJR-Quartz for European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Agency (ESA) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Keywords Karen S. O’Flaherty Mark McCaughrean Outreach, space science, public engagement, EJR-Quartz for European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Agency (ESA) visual storytelling, fairy-tale, cartoon, animation, [email protected] [email protected] anthropomorphising Once upon a time... is a series of short cartoons1 that have been developed as part of the European Space Agency’s communication campaign to raise awareness about the Rosetta mission. The series features two anthropomorphic characters depicting the Rosetta orbiter and Philae lander, introducing the mission story, goals and milestones with a fairy- tale flair. This article explores the development of the cartoon series and the level of engagement it generated, as well as presenting various issues that were encountered using this approach. We also examine how different audiences responded to our decision to anthropomorphise the spacecraft. Introduction internet before the spacecraft came out of exciting highlights to come, using the fairy- hibernation (Bauer et al., 2016). The four tale narrative as a base. The hope was that In late 2013, the European Space Agency’s short videos were commissioned from the video would help to build a degree of (ESA) team of science communicators the cross-media company Design & Data human empathy between the public and devised a number of outreach activ- GmbH (D&D).
    [Show full text]
  • DLR Developments and Application Ideas for Interplanetary Cubesats
    DLR developments and application ideas for interplanetary cubesats iCubeSat, Milano 2019 Jens Biele1, Michael Maibaum1, Caroline Lange2, Thimo Grundmann2, Stephan Ulamec1, Marcus Thomas Knopp3, Frank-Cyrus Roshani3 1DLR German Aerospace Center, RB-MUSC, Cologne, Germany 2DLR German Aerospace Center, Bremen, Germany 3DLR German Aerospace Center, GSOC, Munich, Germany www.DLR.de • Chart 3 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date SKAD-Study [FRANK, MARCUS] • Orbiter as relais station for Mars-Rover • ………. Designs flown or studied (DLR) Hopper(10-25 kg) MASCOT (30, 70 kg) Philae (100 kg) Leonard MASCOT (10 kg) Folie 4 > Vortrag > Autor Folie 5 > Vortrag > Autor Study Flow of MASCOT („how to shrink a lander..“) • December 2008 – September 2009: feasibility study, with CNES, in context of Marco Polo and Hayabusa-2, with common requirements: • 3 iterations of different mass (95kg, 35kg & 10kg) and P/L • Settled on 10 kg lander package including 3 kg of P/L • Ho, T.-M., et al. (2016). "MASCOT—The Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout Onboard the Hayabusa2 Mission." Space Science Reviews 208(1-4): 339– 374. • ➔ Design of MASCOT 10 kg: a nanosat (30x30*20 cm³) . Could be a 18 U cubesat! Large ~ 95 kg, Philae hertitage Middle ~ 35 kg, Xtra Small ~ 10 kg, No post-landing Up-righting + mobility mobility MASCOT Payload (25% of total mass!) Instrument Science Goals Heritage Institute; PI/IM Mass [kg] MAG magnetization of the NEA MAG of ROMAP on Rosetta TU Braunschweig Lander (Philae), ESA VEX, 0,15 → formation history Themis K.H. Glassmeier / U. Auster mineralogical composition ESA ExoMars, Russia and characterize grains Phobos GRUNT, ESA size and structure of Rosetta, ESA ExoMars IAS Paris µOmega surface soil samples at μ- rover 2018, Rosetta / Philae J.P.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Hayabusa2 Mission and Asteroid 162173 Ryugu
    Asteroid Science 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2189) 2086.pdf AN OVERVIEW OF HAYABUSA2 MISSION AND ASTEROID 162173 RYUGU. S. Watanabe1,2, M. Hira- bayashi3, N. Hirata4, N. Hirata5, M. Yoshikawa2, S. Tanaka2, S. Sugita6, K. Kitazato4, T. Okada2, N. Namiki7, S. Tachibana6,2, M. Arakawa5, H. Ikeda8, T. Morota6,1, K. Sugiura9,1, H. Kobayashi1, T. Saiki2, Y. Tsuda2, and Haya- busa2 Joint Science Team10, 1Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan ([email protected]), 2Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Japan, 3Auburn University, U.S.A., 4University of Aizu, Japan, 5Kobe University, Japan, 6University of Tokyo, Japan, 7National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Japan, 8Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Japan, 9Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, 10Hayabusa2 Project Summary: The Hayabusa2 mission reveals the na- Combined with the rotational motion of the asteroid, ture of a carbonaceous asteroid through a combination global surveys of Ryugu were conducted several times of remote-sensing observations, in situ surface meas- from ~20 km above the sub-Earth point (SEP), includ- urements by rovers and a lander, an active impact ex- ing global mapping from ONC-T (Fig. 1) and TIR, and periment, and analyses of samples returned to Earth. scan mapping from NIRS3 and LIDAR. Descent ob- Introduction: Asteroids are fossils of planetesi- servations covering the equatorial zone were performed mals, building blocks of planetary formation. In partic- from 3-7 km altitudes above SEP. Off-SEP observa- ular carbonaceous asteroids (or C-complex asteroids) tions of the polar regions were also conducted. Based are expected to have keys identifying the material mix- on these observations, we constructed two types of the ing in the early Solar System and deciphering the global shape models (using the Structure-from-Motion origin of water and organic materials on Earth [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Argops) Solution to the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference Student Competition
    AAS 17-621 THE ASTRODYNAMICS RESEARCH GROUP OF PENN STATE (ARGOPS) SOLUTION TO THE 2017 ASTRODYNAMICS SPECIALIST CONFERENCE STUDENT COMPETITION Jason A. Reiter,* Davide Conte,1 Andrew M. Goodyear,* Ghanghoon Paik,* Guanwei. He,* Peter C. Scarcella,* Mollik Nayyar,* Matthew J. Shaw* We present the methods and results of the Astrodynamics Research Group of Penn State (ARGoPS) team in the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference Student Competition. A mission (named Minerva) was designed to investigate Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3 in order to determine its mass and volume and to map and characterize its surface. This data would prove useful in determining the necessity and usefulness of future missions to the asteroid. The mission was designed such that a balance between cost and maximizing objectives was found. INTRODUCTION Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3 was discovered recently and has yet to be explored. It lies in a quasi-orbit about the Earth such that it will follow the Earth around the Sun for at least the next several hundred years providing many opportunities for relatively low-cost missions to the body. Not much is known about 2016 HO3 except a general size range, but its close proximity to Earth makes a scientific mission more feasible than other near-Earth objects. A Request For Proposal (RFP) was provided to university teams searching for cost-efficient mission design solutions to assist in the characterization of the asteroid and the assessment of its potential for future, more in-depth missions and possible resource utilization. The RFP provides constraints on launch mass, bus size as well as other mission architecture decisions, and sets goals for scientific mapping and characterization.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhanced Gravity Tractor Technique for Planetary Defense
    4th IAA Planetary Defense Conference – PDC 2015 13-17 April 2015, Frascati, Roma, Italy IAA-PDC-15-04-11 ENHANCED GRAVITY TRACTOR TECHNIQUE FOR PLANETARY DEFENSE Daniel D. Mazanek(1), David M. Reeves(2), Joshua B. Hopkins(3), Darren W. Wade(4), Marco Tantardini(5), and Haijun Shen(6) (1)NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 462, 1 North Dryden Street, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA, 1-757-864-1739, (2) NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 462, 1 North Dryden Street, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA, 1-757-864-9256, (3)Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Mail Stop H3005, PO Box 179, Denver, CO 80201, USA, 1-303- 971-7928, (4)Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Mail Stop S8110, PO Box 179, Denver, CO 80201, USA, 1-303-977-4671, (5)Independent, via Tibaldi 5, Cremona, Italy, +393381003736, (6)Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., 21 Enterprise Parkway, Suite 300, Hampton, VA 23666, USA, 1-757-865-0000, Keywords: enhanced gravity tractor, in-situ mass augmentation, asteroid and comet deflection, planetary defense, low-thrust, high-efficiency propulsion, gravitational attraction, robotic mass collection Abstract Given sufficient warning time, Earth-impacting asteroids and comets can be deflected with a variety of different “slow push/pull” techniques. The gravity tractor is one technique that uses the gravitational attraction of a rendezvous spacecraft to the impactor and a low-thrust, high-efficiency propulsion system to provide a gradual velocity change and alter its trajectory. An innovation to this technique, known as the Enhanced Gravity Tractor (EGT), uses mass collected in-situ to augment the mass of the spacecraft, thereby greatly increasing the gravitational force between the objects.
    [Show full text]
  • Stardust Sample Return
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Stardust Sample Return Press Kit January 2006 www.nasa.gov Contacts Merrilee Fellows Policy/Program Management (818) 393-0754 NASA Headquarters, Washington DC Agle Stardust Mission (818) 393-9011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Vince Stricherz Science Investigation (206) 543-2580 University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Contents General Release ............................................................................................................... 3 Media Services Information ……………………….................…………….................……. 5 Quick Facts …………………………………………..................………....…........…....….. 6 Mission Overview …………………………………….................……….....……............…… 7 Recovery Timeline ................................................................................................ 18 Spacecraft ………………………………………………..................…..……...........……… 20 Science Objectives …………………………………..................……………...…..........….. 28 Why Stardust?..................…………………………..................………….....………............... 31 Other Comet Missions .......................................................................................... 33 NASA's Discovery Program .................................................................................. 36 Program/Project Management …………………………........................…..…..………...... 40 1 2 GENERAL RELEASE: NASA PREPARES FOR RETURN OF INTERSTELLAR CARGO NASA’s Stardust mission is nearing Earth after a 2.88 billion mile round-trip journey
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Italian Industry in Space Exploration
    THE ROLE OF ITALIAN INDUSTRY IN SPACE EXPLORATION Maria Cristina Falvella ASI, Italian Space Agency Head of Strategies and Industrial Policy 53rd Session UN COPUOS Vienna, 17 February 2016 THE ITALIAN SPACE AGENCY (ASI) ASI has been founded in 1988 with the purpose to promote, develop and disseminate the scientific research and technology applied in the Space field. • Specific attention to the competitiveness of the Italian Space Industry, including SMEs • ASI operates in “integrated teams” => industry and research teams under the supervision of ASI ITALY AND EXPLORATION • Since 1964 Italy acts as a pioneer in space • Exploration is a flagship program for Italy, enhancing the competitiveness of the national industrial and scientific community • Participation in successful ESA and NASA programs, with challenging roles for national industries ISS and Mars : the top priorities Italy considers ISS and Mars destinations as part of a single exploration process and works to maximize the technology and system synergies among these destinations as well as to exploit the respective benefits of robotic and human exploration. • Economic and intellectual return out of the investments • Worldwide international relations • Competitiveness of the whole supply chain, from Large System Integrators (LSIs) to Small and Medium Companies (SMEs) • Leader position in international supply chains • Upgrade of technology capabilities and IPR • Benefits in non-space related systems and applications THE ITALIAN SUPPLY CHAIN The strategic effort to encourage the development
    [Show full text]
  • Science Exploration and Instrumentation of the OKEANOS Mission to a Jupiter Trojan Asteroid Using the Solar Power Sail
    Planetary and Space Science xxx (2018) 1–8 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Planetary and Space Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pss Science exploration and instrumentation of the OKEANOS mission to a Jupiter Trojan asteroid using the solar power sail Tatsuaki Okada a,b,*, Yoko Kebukawa c,d, Jun Aoki d, Jun Matsumoto a, Hajime Yano a, Takahiro Iwata a, Osamu Mori a, Jean-Pierre Bibring e, Stephan Ulamec f, Ralf Jaumann g, Solar Power Sail Science Teama a Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, 252-5210, Japan b The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan c Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan d Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan e Institut dʼAstrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France f German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany g German Aerospace Center, Berlin, Germany ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: An engineering mission OKEANOS to explore a Jupiter Trojan asteroid, using a Solar Power Sail is currently under Solar system formation study. After a decade-long cruise, it will rendezvous with the target asteroid, conduct global mapping of the Jupiter trojans asteroid from the spacecraft, and in situ measurements on the surface, using a lander. Science goals and enabling Solar power sail instruments of the mission are introduced, as the results of the joint study between the scientists and engineers Lander from Japan and Europe. Mass spectrometry OKEANOS 1. Introduction ocean water and life. Lucy (Levison et al., 2017), a Jupiter Trojan multi-flyby mission, has Jupiter Trojan asteroids are located in the long-term stable orbits been selected as a NASA Discovery class mission, which aims for un- around the Sun-Jupiter Lagrange points (L4 or L5) Most of them are derstanding the variation and diversity of Jupiter Trojans.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Propulsion.Pdf
    Deep Space Propulsion K.F. Long Deep Space Propulsion A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight K.F. Long Bsc, Msc, CPhys Vice President (Europe), Icarus Interstellar Fellow British Interplanetary Society Berkshire, UK ISBN 978-1-4614-0606-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-0607-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0607-5 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011937235 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) This book is dedicated to three people who have had the biggest influence on my life. My wife Gemma Long for your continued love and companionship; my mentor Jonathan Brooks for your guidance and wisdom; my hero Sir Arthur C. Clarke for your inspirational vision – for Rama, 2001, and the books you leave behind. Foreword We live in a time of troubles.
    [Show full text]
  • Planet Earth Taken by Hayabusa-2
    Space Science in JAXA Planet Earth May 15, 2017 taken by Hayabusa-2 Saku Tsuneta, PhD JAXA Vice President Director General, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science 2017 IAA Planetary Defense Conference, May 15-19,1 Tokyo 1 Brief Introduction of Space Science in JAXA Introduction of ISAS and JAXA • As a national center of space science & engineering research, ISAS carries out development and in-orbit operation of space science missions with other directorates of JAXA. • ISAS is an integral part of JAXA, and has close collaboration with other directorates such as Research and Development and Human Spaceflight Technology Directorates. • As an inter-university research institute, these activities are intimately carried out with universities and research institutes inside and outside Japan. ISAS always seeks for international collaboration. • Space science missions are proposed by researchers, and incubated by ISAS. ISAS plays a strategic role for mission selection primarily based on the bottom-up process, considering strategy of JAXA and national space policy. 3 JAXA recent science missions HAYABUSA 2003-2010 AKARI(ASTRO-F)2006-2011 KAGUYA(SELENE)2007-2009 Asteroid Explorer Infrared Astronomy Lunar Exploration IKAROS 2010 HAYABUSA2 2014-2020 M-V Rocket Asteroid Explorer Solar Sail SUZAKU(ASTRO-E2)2005- AKATSUKI 2010- X-Ray Astronomy Venus Meteorogy ARASE 2016- HINODE(SOLAR-B)2006- Van Allen belt Solar Observation Hisaki 2013 4 Planetary atmosphere Close ties between space science and space technology Space Technology Divisions Space
    [Show full text]
  • Science Instruments on Hayabusa Follow-On Missions
    Science Instruments on Hayabusa follow-on missions Yasuhiko Takagi (Aichi Toho University) (prepared by Masanao Abe (JAXA)) 1 Science instruments under examination Others 2 Basic concept of Hayabusa-IF* camera • Use Navigation camera as a scientific imager • Similar optics and CCD as AMICA, but with minor modifications on – Filters • ECAS -> special set for C-type • Remove ND flter , polarizer on CCD – Electronics • More flexible and autonomous operation • More effective compression • Larger onboard storage • Onboard data analysis 3 *Hayabusa-IF: Hayabusa Immediate Follow-on mission AMICA on Hayabysa Polarizer 4 Ground-based ECAS Quasi ECAS filters on AMICA5 A new filter set • Narrower band width (5~20 nm) – Remove ND filter – More accurate colorimetry • UV absorption as a thermal metamorphism indicator? • Phyllosilicate absorption around 700nm (430nm ?) • Nearby reference bands • Wide filter for imaging stars and the artificial orbiters (~TM) • Natural RGB for outreach purpose? • Several common bands with previous missions? (SSI/Galileo, MSI/NEAR, AMICA/Hayabusa, FC/ Dawn, NAC/Stardust, ??/Rosetta,etc, ) 6 Ground-based ECAS Thermal alteration Phyllosilicate absorption 7 8 Hayabusa NIRS • Wavelength range: 764-2247nm (△λ23.56nm) • FOV: 0.1x0.1deg(9m@5km distance) • Detector: InGaAs Liner Array (64channels) • F value: 1.00 • Effective diameter: 27mm • Operating temperature: 260K • A/D resolution (dynamic range) : 14bits 1 Average 0.1 Output [V] [V] Output Output 0.01 Standard Deviation 0.001 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 9 Wavelength
    [Show full text]