pheasant shell 1393 philanthrope

family which has scarlet flowers with dark centres, g derivatives phenomenalize (also -ise) verb (only which has a bitter taste to people possessing a native to southern Europe and SW Asia. in sense 2), phenomenally adverb. certain dominant gene and is tasteless to others. 3Adonis annua, family Ranunculaceae. phenomenalism h noun [mass noun] Philosophy the 3Chem. formula: NH2CSNHC6H5. pheasant shell h noun a small marine mollusc doctrine that human knowledge is confined to or phenytoin /fE"nIt@UIn/ h noun [mass noun] Medicine a which has a glossy white shell with red-brown founded on the realities or appearances presented synthetic compound related to hydantoin, used as markings. The foot bears a conspicuous white to the senses. an anticonvulsant in the treatment of epilepsy. operculum. g derivatives phenomenalist noun & adjective, g origin 1940s: blend of PHENYL and HYDANTOIN. 3Family Phasianellidae, class Gastropoda: phenomenalistic adjective. pheromone /"fEr@m@Un/ h noun Zoology a chemical Phasianella,Tricolia, and other genera, including the European T. pullus. phenomenology /fI%nQmI"nQl@dZi/ h noun [mass substance produced and released into the environment by an animal, especially a mammal or Pheidippides /fVI"dIpIdi:z/(5th century bc), noun] Philosophy the science of phenomena as distinct an insect, affecting the behaviour or physiology of Athenian messenger. He was sent to Sparta to ask from that of the nature of being. ™ others of its species. for help after the Persian landing at Marathon in an approach that concentrates on the study of consciousness and the objects of direct experience. g derivatives pheromonal adjective. 490 and is said to have covered the 250 km (150 g derivatives phenomenological adjective, g origin 1950s: from Greek pherein ‘convey’ + miles) in two days on foot. phenomenologically adverb, phenomenologist HORMONE. phen- h combining form variant spelling of PHENO- noun. h shortened before a vowel (as in phenelzine). phew exclamation informal expressing a strong phenomenon h noun (pl. phenomena) 1 a fact or reaction of relief: phew, what a year! h phenanthrene /fI"nanTri:n/ noun [mass noun] situation that is observed to exist or happen, g origin early 17th cent.: imitative of puffing. Chemistry a crystalline hydrocarbon present in coal especially one whose cause or explanation is in phi /fVI/ h noun the twenty-first letter of the Greek tar. question: glaciers are unique and interesting natural 3A tricyclic compound: chem. formula: C H . alphabet (F, f), transliterated as ‘ph’ or (in modern 14 10 phenomena. Greek) ‘f’. phencyclidine /fEn"sVIklIdi:n/(abbrev.: PCP) ™ a remarkable person, thing, or event. ™(Phi) [followed by Latin genitive] Astronomy the twenty-first h noun [mass noun] a synthetic compound derived 2 Philosophy the object of a person’s perception; what star in a constellation: Phi Eridani. from piperidine, used as a veterinary anaesthetic the senses or the mind notice. hsymbol for ™ (f) a plane angle. ™ (f) a polar and in hallucinogenic drugs such as angel dust. g origin late 16th cent.: via late Latin from Greek coordinate. Often coupled with q. g origin 1950s: from PHENO- + CYCLO- + a shortened phainomenon ‘thing appearing to view’, based on g origin Greek. form of PIPERIDINE. phainein ‘to show’. phial /"fVI@l/ h noun a small cylindrical glass bottle, phenelzine /f@"nElzi:n/ h noun [mass noun] Medicine a USAGE The word phenomenon comes from Greek, typically used for medical samples or for potions or synthetic compound used as a monoamine oxidase and its plural form is phenomena,asinthese medicines: a phial of blood. inhibitor. phenomena are not fully understood. It is a mistake to g origin Middle English: from Old French fiole,via g origin 1950s: from PHENO- + e(thy)l +(hydra)zine. treat phenomena as if it were a singular form, as in this Latin from Greek phiale¯, denoting a broad flat pheno- (also phen- before a vowel) h combining form is a strange phenomena. container. Compare with VIAL. 1 Chemistry derived from benzene: phenobarbitone. Phi Beta Kappa /%fVI %bi:t@ "kap@/ h noun (in the 2 showing: phenotype. phenothiazine /%fi:n@U"TVI@zi:n, %fEn@U-/ h noun g origin [mass noun] Chemistry a synthetic compound which is US) an honorary society of undergraduates and sense 1 from French phe´nyle ‘phenyl’, from some graduates to which members are elected on Greek phaino- ‘shining’; both senses from Greek used in veterinary medicine to treat parasitic infestations of animals. the basis of high academic achievement. phainein ‘to show’. ™ 3A heterocyclic compound; chem. formula: C H NS. a member of this society. h noun 12 9 g origin phenobarbital /%fi:n@(U)"bA:bIt(@)l, %fEn-/ US ™[count noun] Psychiatry any of a group of derivatives of from the initial letters of a Greek motto term for PHENOBARBITONE. this compound with tranquillizing properties, used philosophia biou kuberne¯te¯s ‘philosophy is the guide phenobarbitone /%fi:n@(U)"bA:bIt@Un, %fEn-/ h noun as tranquillizers in the treatment of mental illness. to life’. [mass noun] Medicine a narcotic and sedative phenotype /"fi:n@(U)tVIp/ h noun Biology the set of Phidias /"fIdIas, "fVId-/(5th century bc), Athenian barbiturate drug used chiefly to treat epilepsy. observable characteristics of an individual sculptor. He is noted for the Elgin marbles and his phenocopy /"fi:n@(U)kQpi/ h noun (pl. -ies) Genetics an resulting from the interaction of its genotype with vast statue of Zeus at Olympia (c.430), which was individual showing features characteristic of a the environment. one of the Seven Wonders of the World. genotype other than its own, but produced g derivatives phenotypic adjective, phenotypical Phil. h abbreviation for ™ Epistle to the Philippians (in environmentally rather than genetically. adjective, phenotypically adverb. biblical references). ™ Philadelphia. phenocryst /"fi:n@(U)krIst, "fEn-/ h noun Geology a g origin early 20th cent.: from German Phaenotypus ™ Philharmonic. large or conspicuous crystal in a porphyritic rock, (see PHENO-, TYPE). phil- h combining form variant spelling of PHILO- distinct from the groundmass. phentolamine /fEn"tQl@mi:n/ h noun [mass noun] g origin shortened before a vowel or h (as in philanthrope, late 19th cent.: from French phe´nocryste, Medicine a synthetic compound used as a vasodilator, philharmonic). from Greek phainein ‘to show’ + krustallos ‘crystal’. especially in certain cases of hypertension. -phil h combining form having a chemical affinity for h g origin phenol /"fi:nQl/ noun [mass noun] Chemistry a mildly 1950s: from PHEN- + tol(yl) (an isomeric a substance: acidophil neutrophil. acidic toxic white crystalline solid obtained from cyclic radical derived from toluene) + AMINE. g origin see -PHILE. coal tar and used in chemical manufacture, and in h phenyl /"fi:nVIl, "fEnIl/ noun [as modifier] Chemistry of or Philadelphia /%fIl@"dElfI@/the chief city of dilute form (under the name carbolic)asa denoting the radical LC H , derived from benzene disinfectant. 6 5 Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River; pop. by removal of a hydrogen atom: a phenyl group. 1,585,580 (1990). Established as a Quaker colony by 3Chem. formula: C6H5OH. g origin mid 19th cent.: from French phe´nyle,from ™ William Penn and others in 1681, it was the site in [count noun] any compound with a hydroxyl group Greek phaino- ‘shining’ (because first used in names linked directly to a benzene ring. 1776 of the signing of the Declaration of g derivatives of compounds denoting by-products of the Independence and in 1787 of the adoption of the phenolic adjective. manufacture of gas used for illumination). g origin mid 19th cent.: from French phe´nole, based Constitution of the United States. on phe`ne ‘benzene’. phenylalanine /%fi:nVIl"al@ni:n, %fEnIl-/ h noun [mass g derivatives Philadelphian noun & adjective. noun] Biochemistry an amino acid widely distributed in g origin phenology /fI"nQl@dZi/ h noun [mass noun] the study of from Greek philadelphia ‘brotherly love’. plant proteins. It is an essential nutrient in the diet cyclic and seasonal natural phenomena, especially Philadelphia chromosome h noun Genetics an of vertebrates. in relation to climate and plant and animal life. abnormal small chromosome sometimes found in 3Chem. formula: C H CH CH(NH )COOH. g derivatives phenological adjective. 6 5 2 2 the leucocytes of leukaemia patients. g origin h late 19th cent.: from PHENOMENON + phenylbutazone /%fi:nVIl"bju:t@z@Un, %fEnIl-/ noun Philadelphia lawyer h noun informal a very -LOGY. [mass noun] a synthetic compound used as an shrewd lawyer expert in the exploitation of legal h analgesic drug in veterinary medicine. phenolphthalein /%fi:nQl"(f )Tali:n, -"(f )TeIl-/ noun g origin technicalities. [mass noun] Chemistry a colourless crystalline solid 1950s: from PHENYL + but(yl)+AZO- + -ONE. g origin with reference to Andrew Hamilton of (pink in alkaline solution) used as an acid–base phenylenediamine /%fEnIli:n%dVI"eImi:n, -dVI"am-, Philadelphia, who successfully defended John indicator and medicinally as a laxative. "dVI@mi:n/ h noun [mass noun] Chemistry a synthetic Zenger (1735), an American journalist and

3Chem. formula: C20H14O4. crystalline compound used widely in the publisher, from libel charges. g origin late 19th cent.: from PHENOL + -phthal- manufacture of dyes and other chemicals and as a h 1 philadelphus /%fIl@"dElf@s/ noun a mock orange. (from NAPHTHALENE)+-IN . photographic developer. g origin late 18th cent.: modern Latin (adopted by phenol red h noun [mass noun] Chemistry a red dye 3Chem. formula: C6H4(NH2)2: three isomers. Linnaeus as a genus name), from Greek philadelphos which is used as a pH indicator and (in medicine) phenylephrine /%fi:nVIl"EfrIn, %fEnIl-, -"Efri:n/ h noun ‘loving one’s brother’. injected in testing kidney function. [mass noun] Medicine a synthetic compound related to philander /fI"land@/ h verb [no obj.] (of a man) readily phenom h noun N. Amer. informal a person who is adrenalin, used as a vasoconstrictor and nasal or frequently enter into casual sexual relationships outstandingly talented or admired; a star. decongestant. g origin with women: they accepted that their husbands would g origin late 19th cent.: abbreviation of 1940s: from PHENYL + a contraction of philander with other women. PHENOMENON. EPINEPHRINE. g derivatives philanderer noun. phenomena plural form of PHENOMENON. phenylketonuria /%fi:nVIl%ki:t@(U)"njU@rI@, %fEnIl-/ g origin mid 18th cent.: from the earlier noun phenomenal h adjective 1 very remarkable; (abbrev.: PKU) h noun [mass noun] Medicine an inherited philander ‘man, husband’, often used in literature extraordinary: the town expanded at a phenomenal inability to metabolize phenylalanine which, if as the given name of a lover, from Greek philandros rate. untreated, causes brain and nerve damage. ‘fond of men’, from philein ‘to love’ + ane¯r ‘man’. 2 perceptible by the senses or through immediate phenylthiocarbamide /%fi:nVIl%TVI@(U)"kA:b@nVId, philanthrope /"fIl@n%Tr@Up/ h noun archaic term for experience: the phenomenal world. %fEnIl-/ h noun [mass noun] Chemistry a crystalline solid PHILANTHROPIST. a cat|A; arm|E bed|E; hair|@ ago | @; her | I sit|i cosy | i; see | Q hot|O; saw | V run|U put|u; too | VI my | aU how | eI day | @U no | I@ near | OI boy | U@ poor | VI@ fire | aU@ sour philanthropic 1394 philology g origin mid 18th cent.: from Greek philanthro¯pos, expansionist policies led to a series of confrontations The main islands are Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Leyte, from philein ‘to love’ + anthro¯pos ‘human being’. with Rome, culminating in his defeat and his Samar, Negros, and Panay. Conquered by Spain in 1565, the philanthropic /%fIl@n"TrQpIk/ h adjective (of a resultant loss of control over Greece. islands were ceded to the US following the Spanish-American War in 1898. The Philippines achieved full independence as a person or organization) seeking to promote the Philip2 the name of six kings of France: republic in 1946. From 1965 the country was under the welfare of others; generous and benevolent: they ™Philip I (1052–1108), reigned 1059–1108. increasingly dictatorial rule of President Ferdinand Marcos receive financial support from philanthropic bodies. ™Philip II (1165–1223), son of Louis VII, reigned 1180– (1917–89); he was driven from power in 1986 and replaced by g derivatives philanthropically adverb. 1223; known as Philip Augustus. After mounting a Corazo´n Aquino (b.1933), President 1986–92. g origin late 18th cent.: from French philanthropique, series of campaigns against the English kings Henry Philippopolis /%fIlI"pQp@lIs/ancient Greek name from Greek philanthropos ‘man-loving’ (see II, Richard I, and John, Philip succeeded in regaining ¯ for PLOVDIV. PHILANTHROPE). Normandy (1204), Anjou (1204), and most of Poitou Philip the Bold, Philip III of France (see PHILIP2). philanthropist h noun a person who seeks to (1204–5). ™ 2 promote the welfare of others, especially by the Philip III (1245–1285), reigned 1270–85; known as Philip the Fair, Philip IV of France (see PHILIP ). generous donation of money to good causes. Philip the Bold. Philip the Handsome, Philip I of Spain (see ™ 3 Philip IV (1268–1314), son of Philip III, reigned 1285– PHILIP ). /fI"lanTr@pi/ h noun [mass noun] the philanthropy 1314; known as Philip the Fair. He continued to 2 Philip the Tall, Philip V of France (see PHILIP ). desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed extend French dominions, waging wars with especially by the generous donation of money to England (1294–1303) and Flanders (1302–5). Philistine /"fIlIstVIn/ h noun 1 a member of a non- good causes. ™Philip V (1293–1322), reigned 1316–1322; known as Semitic people of southern Palestine in ancient ™[count noun] N. Amer. a philanthropic institution; a Philip the Tall. times, who came into conflict with the Israelites charity. ™Philip VI (1293–1350), reigned 1328–50; known as during the 12th and 11th centuries bc. g derivatives philanthropism noun, Philip of Valois. The founder of the Valois dynasty, The Philistines, from whom the country of Palestine took its philanthropize (also -ise) verb. Philip came to the throne on the death of Charles IV, name, were one of the Sea Peoples who, according to the g origin early 17th cent.: via late Latin from Greek whose only child was a girl and barred from ruling. Bible, came from Crete and settled the southern coastal plain philanthro¯pia,fromphilanthro¯pos ‘man-loving’ (see His claim was challenged by Edward III of England; of Canaan in the 12th century BC. PHILANTHROPE). the dispute developed into the Hundred Years War. 2 (usu. philistine) a person who is hostile or philately /fI"lat(@)li/ h noun [mass noun] the collection Philip3 the name of five kings of Spain: indifferent to culture and the arts, or who has no and study of postage stamps. ™Philip I (1478–1506), reigned 1504–6; known as understanding of them: [as modifier] a philistine g derivatives philatelic adjective, philatelically government. Philip the Handsome. Son of the Holy Roman g derivatives adverb, philatelist noun. emperor Maximilian I, in 1496 Philip married the philistinism /-stInIz(@)m/ noun. g origin mid 19th cent.: from French philate´lie,from infanta Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand of Aragon g origin from French Philistin, via late Latin from philo- ‘loving’ + Greek ateleia ‘exemption from and Isabella of Castile. After Isabella’s death he ruled Greek Philistinos, from Hebrew pe˘lisˇtı¯. Sense 2 arose payment’ (from a- ‘not’ + telos ‘toll, tax’), used to Castile jointly with Joanna, establishing the as a result of a confrontation between town and mean a franking mark or postage stamp exempting Habsburgs as the ruling dynasty in Spain. gown in Jena, Germany, in the late 17th cent.; a the recipient from payment. ™Philip II (1527–98), son of Charles I, reigned 1556–98. sermon on the conflict quoted: ‘the Philistines are Philby /"fIlbi/, Kim (1912–88), British Foreign Office Philip came to the throne following his father’s upon you’ (Judges 16), which led to an association abdication. His reign was dominated by an anti- official and spy; born Harold Adrian Russell Philby. between the townspeople and those hostile to Protestant crusade which exhausted the Spanish culture. While working at the British Embassy in economy. His Armada against England (1588) ended Phillips h adjective trademark denoting a screw with a Washington DC (1949–51), Philby was asked to in defeat. cross-shaped slot for turning, or a corresponding resign on suspicion of being a Soviet agent, ™Philip III (1578–1621), reigned 1598–1621. screwdriver. although there was no firm evidence to this effect. ™Philip IV (1605–1665), reigned 1621–1665. g origin 1930s: from the name of Henry F. Phillips He defected to the USSR in 1963 and was officially ™Philip V (1683–1746), grandson of Louis XIV, reigned revealed to have spied for the Soviets from 1933. 1700–24 and 1724–46. The selection of Philip as (died 1958), the original American manufacturer. -phile h combining form denoting fondness for a successor to Charles II, and Louis XIV’s insistence Phillips curve h noun Economics a supposed inverse specified thing: bibliophile Francophile. that Philip remain an heir to the French throne, gave relationship between the level of unemployment g origin from Greek philos ‘loving’. rise to War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14). In and the rate of inflation. 1724 Philip abdicated in favour of his son Louis I, but g origin h abbreviation for Philemon (in biblical 1960s: named after Alban W. H. Phillips Philem. returned to the throne following Louis’s death. references). (1914–75), New Zealand economist. /fI"lu:m@nIst/ h noun a collector of Philemon /fI"li:m@n/ Greek Mythology a good old Philip, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh (b.1921), phillumenist husband of Elizabeth II. The son of Prince Andrew matchbox or matchbook labels. countryman living with his wife Baucis in Phrygia g derivatives of Greece and Denmark, he married Princess phillumeny noun. who offered hospitality to Zeus and Hermes when g origin the two gods came to earth, without revealing their Elizabeth in 1947; on the eve of his marriage he 1940s: from PHIL- ‘loving’ + Latin lumen identities, to test people’s piety. Philemon and was created Duke of Edinburgh. ‘light’ + -IST. Baucis were subsequently saved from a flood which Philly h noun US informal Philadelphia. Philip, St1, an Apostle. He is commemorated with covered the district. philo- (also phil- before a vowel or h) h combining St James the Less on 1 May. Philemon, Epistle to a book of the New form denoting a liking for a specified thing: Testament, an epistle of St Paul to a well-to-do Philip, St2, deacon of the early Christian Church; philogynist philopatric. Christian living probably at Colossae in Phrygia. known as St Philip the Evangelist. He was one of g origin from Greek philein ‘to love’ or philos ‘loving’. philharmonic h adjective devoted to music (chiefly seven deacons appointed to superintend the used in the names of orchestras): the Boston secular business of the Church at Jerusalem (Acts philobat /"fIl@(U)bat/ h noun Psychology a personality Philharmonic Orchestra. 6:5–6). Feast day, 6 June. type characterized by enjoyment of the challenge g origin of coping alone with dangerous and uncertain mid 18th cent.: from French Philip II of Macedon /"masIdQn, -d(@)n/, Philip II philharmonique, from Italian filarmonico ‘loving 1 situations. Often contrasted with OCNOPHIL. of Macedonia (see PHILIP ). g origin harmony’ (see PHIL-, HARMONIC). 1950s: from PHILO-, on the pattern of 2 acrobat. philhellene /"fIlhE%li:n, fIl"hEli:n/ h noun a lover of Philip Augustus, Philip II of France (see PHILIP ). philodendron /%fIl@"dEndr@n/ h noun (pl. Greece and Greek culture: a romantic philhellene. Philip of Valois, Philip VI of France (see PHILIP2). ™historical a supporter of Greek independence. philodendrons or philodendra /-dr@/) a tropical g derivatives philhellenic adjective, philhellenism Philippi /"fIlIpVI, fI"lIpVI/a city in ancient American climbing plant which is widely grown as noun. Macedonia, the scene in 42 bc of two battles in a greenhouse or indoor plant. g origin early 19th cent.: from Greek philelle¯n which Mark Antony and Octavian defeated Brutus 3Genus Philodendron, family Araceae. g origin ‘loving the Greeks’ (see PHIL-, HELLENE). and Cassius. The ruins lie close to the Aegean coast late 19th cent.: from PHILO- ‘loving’ + Greek dendron ‘tree’. -philia h combining form denoting fondness, in NE Greece, near the port of Kava´lla (ancient especially an abnormal love for a specified thing: Neapolis). Greek name FI´LIPPOI. philogynist /fI"lQdZInIst/ h noun formal a person who likes or admires women. paedophilia. /fI"lIpI@nz/a book Philippians, Epistle to the g derivatives philogyny noun. ™denoting undue inclination: spasmophilia. of the New Testament, an epistle of St Paul to the g derivatives g origin mid 19th cent.: from PHILO- ‘loving’ + -philiac combining form in Church at Philippi in Macedonia. corresponding nouns and adjectives, -philic Greek gune¯ ‘woman’ + -IST. combining form in corresponding adjectives, -philous philippic /fI"lIpIk/ h noun poetic/literary a bitter attack Philo Judaeus /%fVIl@U dZu:"di:@s/(c.15 bc–c.50 ad), combining form in corresponding adjectives. or denunciation, especially a verbal one. Jewish philosopher of Alexandria. He is particularly g origin from Greek philia ‘fondness’. g origin late 16th cent.: via Latin from Greek known for his commentaries on the Pentateuch philibeg /"fIl@bEg/ h noun variant spelling of philippikos, the name given to Demosthenes’ (written in Greek), which he interpreted FILIBEG. speeches against Philip II of Macedon, also to those allegorically in the light of Platonic and of Cicero against Mark Antony. Aristotelian philosophy. Philip1 the name of five kings of ancient h Macedonia, notably: Philippine /"fIlIpi:n/ h adjective of or relating to the philology noun [mass noun] the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical ™Philip II (382–336 bc), father of Alexander the Great, Philippines. See also FILIPINO. reigned 359–336; known as Philip II of Macedon.He development, and relationships of a language or unified and expanded ancient Macedonia as well as Philippines /"fIlIpi:nz/a country in SE Asia languages. carrying out a number of army reforms. His victory consisting of an archipelago of over 7,000 islands ™chieflyUSliterary or classical scholarship. over Athens and Thebes at the battle of Chaeronea in separated from the Asian mainland by the South g derivatives philologian noun, philological 338 established his hegemony over Greece. China Sea; pop. 60,684,890 (1990); official adjective, philologically adverb, philologist noun. ™Philip V (238–179 bc), reigned 221–179. His languages, Pilipino and English; capital, Manila. g origin late Middle English (in the Greek sense): b but | d dog | f few | g get | h he|j yes | k cat | l leg | m man | n no|p pen | r red | s sit | t top | v voice | w we|z zoo | S she|Z decision | T thin | D this | N ring | x loch | tS chip | dZ jar Philomel 1395 phoenix

current usage (late 17th cent.) from French congenital narrowing of the opening of the forced a great many of its population (then 2.5 philologie, via Latin from Greek philologia ‘love of foreskin so that it cannot be retracted. million) to leave the city and resettle in the learning’ (see PHILO-, -LOGY). g derivatives phimotic adjective. country. g origin Philomel /"fIl@mEl/(also Philomela /%fIl@"mi:l@/) Greek late 17th cent.: modern Latin, from Greek, -phobe h combining form denoting a person having a Mythology the daughter of Pandion, king of Athens. literally ‘muzzling’. fear or dislike of what is specified: homophobe She was turned into a swallow and her sister Phintias /"fIntIas/see DAMON. xenophobe. Procne into a nightingale (or, in Latin versions, into Phiz /fIz/(1815–82), English illustrator; pseudonym g origin from French, via Latin -phobus from Greek a nightingale with Procne the swallow) when they of Hablot Knight Browne. He illustrated many of -phobos ‘fearing’, from phobos ‘fear’. were being pursued by the cruel Tereus, who had Dickens’s works, including Martin Chuzzlewit, phobia /"f@UbI@/ h noun an extreme or irrational fear married Procne and raped Philomel. Pickwick Papers, and Bleak House. He took his of or aversion to something: shesufferedfroma g origin earlier as philomene, from medieval Latin pseudonym to complement Dickens’s ‘Boz’. phobia about birds. philomena, from Latin philomela ‘nightingale’, from g derivatives phiz /fIz/(also phizog, fizzog /"fIzQg/) h noun Brit. phobic adjective & noun. Greek philomela. g origin ¯ informal a person’s face or expression. late 18th cent.: independent usage of philopatric /%fIl@(U)"patrIk/ h adjective Zoology (of an g origin late 17th cent.: abbreviation of -PHOBIA. animal or species) tending to return to or remain PHYSIOGNOMY. -phobia h combining form extreme or irrational fear near a particular site or area. or dislike of a specified thing or group: g derivatives phlebitis /flI"bVItIs/ h noun [mass noun] Medicine philopatry noun. inflammation of the walls of a vein. arachnophobia Russophobia. g origin 1940s: from PHILO- ‘liking’ + Greek patra g derivatives g derivatives phlebitic adjective. -phobic combining form in ‘fatherland’ + -IC. g origin early 19th cent.: modern Latin, from Greek, corresponding adjectives. g origin philoprogenitive /%fIl@(U)pr@(U)"dZEnItIv/ from phleps, phleb- ‘vein’. via Latin from Greek. h adjective formal having many offspring: a phlebography /flI"bQgr@fi/ h noun [mass noun] Medicine Phobos /"f@UbQs/ Astronomy theinnerofthetwo philoprogenitive ill-paid artisan. small satellites of Mars, discovered in 1877 (27 km ™ radiography of the veins carried out after injection showing love towards one’s offspring. of a radiopaque substance. long and 22 km across). g derivatives philoprogenitiveness noun. g origin g derivatives phlebographic adjective. named after one of the sons of the Greek h noun a person engaged or learned war god ARES. philosopher phlebotomy /flI"bQt@mi/ h noun (pl. -ies) [mass noun] in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline. phocine /"f@UsVIn/ h adjective Zoology of, relating to, g origin the surgical opening or puncture of a vein in order Middle English: from a variant of Old to withdraw blood, to introduce a fluid, or or affecting the true (earless) seals. g origin French philosophe, via Latin from Greek philosophos (historically) as part of the procedure of letting mid 19th cent.: from modern Latin Phocinae ‘lover of wisdom’, from philein ‘to love’ + sophos blood. (subfamily name), from Greek pho¯ke¯ ‘seal’. ‘wise’. g derivatives phlebotomist noun, phlebotomize phocomelia /%f@Uk@(U)"mi:lI@/ h noun [mass noun] philosopher kings h plural noun (in the political (also -ise) verb (archaic). Medicine a rare congenital deformity in which the theory of Plato) the elite whose knowledge enables g origin late Middle English: via Old French from hands or feet are attached close to the trunk, the them to rule justly. late Latin phlebotomia from Greek, from phleps, limbs being grossly underdeveloped or absent. This philosopher’s stone h noun (the philosopher’s phleb- ‘vein’ + -tomia ‘cutting’. condition was a side effect of the drug thalidomide stone) a mythical substance supposed to change h taken during early pregnancy. phlegm /flEm/ noun [mass noun] the thick viscous g origin any metal into gold or silver and, according to substance secreted by the mucous membranes of late 19th cent.: modern Latin, from Greek some, to cure all diseases and prolong life the respiratory passages, especially when produced pho¯ke¯ ‘seal’ + melos ‘limb’. indefinitely. Its discovery was the supreme object of in excessive or abnormal quantities e.g. when Phoebe /"fi:bi/ 1 Greek Mythology a Titaness, daughter alchemy. someone is suffering from a cold. of Uranus (Heaven) and Gaia (Earth). She became philosophia perennis /fIl@%sQfI@ p@"rEnIs/ h noun ™(in medieval science and medicine) one of the four the mother of Leto and thus the grandmother of Philosophy a core of philosophical truths which is bodily humours, believed to be associated with a Apollo and Artemis. In the later Greek writers her hypothesized to exist independently of and calm, stolid, or apathetic temperament. ™ calmness name was often used for Selene (Moon). unaffected by time or place. of temperament: phlegm and determination carried 2 Astronomy a satellite of Saturn, the furthest from g origin mid 19th cent.: Latin, literally ‘perennial them through many difficult situations. the planet and with an eccentric retrograde orbit, g derivatives philosophy’. phlegmy adjective. discovered in 1898 (average diameter 220 km). g origin Middle English fleem, fleume,fromOld g origin h from Greek Phoibe¯, literally ‘bright one’. philosophical adjective 1 of or relating to the French fleume, from late Latin phlegma ‘clammy study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, phoebe h noun an American tyrant flycatcher with moisture (of the body)’, from Greek phlegma mainly grey-brown or blackish plumage. reality, and existence: philosophical discussions about ‘inflammation’, from phlegein ‘to burn’. The free will. 3Genus Sayornis, family Tyrannidae: three species, in ™ spelling change in the 16th cent. was due to particular the common eastern phoebe (S. phoebe). devoted to the study of such issues: the Cambridge association with the Latin and Greek. g origin Philosophical Society. early 18th cent.: imitative; influenced by 2 having or showing a calm attitude towards phlegmatic /flEg"matIk/ h adjective (of a person) the name PHOEBE. disappointments or difficulties: he was philosophical having an unemotional and stolidly calm Phoebus /"fi:b@s/ Greek Mythology an epithet of Apollo, about losing the contract. disposition: the phlegmatic British character. used in contexts where the god was identified with g derivatives g derivatives philosophic adjective, phlegmatically adverb. the sun. g origin philosophically adverb. Middle English (in the sense ‘relating to g origin from Greek Phoibos, literally ‘bright one’. the humour phlegm’): from Old French fleumatique, philosophical analysis h noun [mass noun] the Phoenicia /f@"ni:S@/an ancient country on the via Latin from Greek phlegmatikos,fromphlegma branch of philosophy that deals with the shores of the eastern Mediterranean, ‘inflammation’ (see PHLEGM). clarification of existing concepts and knowledge. corresponding to modern Lebanon and the coastal phloem /"fl@UEm/ h noun [mass noun] Botany the vascular plains of Syria. It consisted of a number of city philosophize (also -ise) h verb [no obj.] speculate or tissue in plants which conducts sugars and other theorize about fundamental or serious issues, states, including Tyre and Sidon, and was a metabolic products downwards from the leaves. especially in a tedious or pompous way: he paused flourishing centre of Mediterranean trade and g origin late 19th cent.: from Greek phloos ‘bark’ + colonization during the early part of the 1st for a while to philosophize on racial equality. bc ™ the passive suffix -e¯ma. millennium . [with obj.] explain or argue (a point or idea) in terms of g origin one’s philosophical theories. phlogiston /fl@"dZIst(@)n, -"gIst-/ h noun [mass noun] a from Latin, from Greek Phoinike¯. g derivatives philosophizer noun. substance supposed by 18th-century chemists to Phoenician /f@"nIS(@)n, -"ni:-/ h noun 1 a member of exist in all combustible bodies, and to be released philosophy h noun (pl. -ies) [mass noun] the study of a Semitic people inhabiting ancient Phoenicia and in combustion. the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and its colonies. The Phoenicians prospered from trade g origin mid 18th cent.: modern Latin, from Greek existence, especially when considered as an and manufacturing until the capital, Tyre, was phlogizein ‘set on fire’, from phlox, phlog- ‘flame’, sacked by Alexander the Great in 332 bc. academic discipline. See also NATURAL from the base of phlegein ‘to burn’. 2 [mass noun] the Semitic language of this people, PHILOSOPHY. ™[count noun] a set of views and theories of a particular phlogopite /"flQg@pVIt/ h noun [mass noun] abrown written in an alphabet that was the ancestor of the philosopher concerning such study or an aspect of it: micaceous mineral which occurs chiefly in Greek and Roman alphabets. a clash of rival socialist philosophies. ™ the study of the metamorphosed limestone and magnesium-rich hadjective of or relating to Phoenicia or its colonies, theoretical basis of a particular branch of knowledge igneous rocks. or its people, language, or alphabet. or experience: the philosophy of science. ™ [count noun] a g origin mid 19th cent.: from Greek phlogo¯pos ‘fiery’ Phoenix1 /"fi:nIks/ Astronomy a southern constellation theory or attitude held by a person or organization (from the base of phlegein ‘to burn’) + ¯ops, ¯op- ‘face’ + (the Phoenix), west of Grus. 1 that acts as a guiding principle for behaviour: don’t -ITE . ™[as genitive Phoenicis /fI"ni:sIs/] used with preceding expect anything and you won’t be disappointed, that’s my phlox /flQks/ h noun a North American plant that letter or numeral to designate a star in this philosophy. typically has dense clusters of colourful scented constellation: the star Delta Phoenicis. g origin Middle English: from Old French g origin flowers, widely grown as an alpine or border plant. Latin. philosophie, via Latin from Greek philosophia ‘love of 3Genus Phlox, family Polemoniaceae. Phoenix2 /"fi:nIks/the state capital of Arizona; pop. wisdom’. g origin modern Latin, from Latin, denoting a 983,400 (1990). Its dry climate makes it a popular philtre /"fIlt@/(US philter) h noun a drink supposed to flame-coloured flower, from Greek, literally ‘flame’. winter resort. excite sexual love in the drinker; a love potion. Phnom Penh /nQm "pEn/the capital of Cambodia, phoenix h noun (in classical mythology) a unique g origin late 16th cent.: from French philtre, via a port at the junction of the Mekong and Tonle´ Sap bird that lived for five or six centuries in the Latin from Greek philtron,fromphilein ‘to love’. Rivers; pop. 920,000 (est. 1994). It became the Arabian desert, after this time burning itself on a -phily h combining form equivalent to -PHILIA. capital of a Khmer kingdom in the mid 15th funeral pyre and rising from the ashes with phimosis /fVI"m@UsIs/ h noun [mass noun] Medicine a century. Between 1975 and 1979 the Khmer Rouge renewed youth to live through another cycle. a cat|A; arm|E bed|E; hair|@ ago | @; her | I sit|i cosy | i; see | Q hot|O; saw | V run|U put|u; too | VI my | aU how | eI day | @U no | I@ near | OI boy | U@ poor | VI@ fire | aU@ sour