pheasant shell 1393 philanthrope family which has scarlet flowers with dark centres, g derivatives phenomenalize (also -ise) verb (only which has a bitter taste to people possessing a native to southern Europe and SW Asia. in sense 2), phenomenally adverb. certain dominant gene and is tasteless to others. 3Adonis annua, family Ranunculaceae. phenomenalism h noun [mass noun] Philosophy the 3Chem. formula: NH2CSNHC6H5. pheasant shell h noun a small marine mollusc doctrine that human knowledge is confined to or phenytoin /fE"nIt@UIn/ h noun [mass noun] Medicine a which has a glossy white shell with red-brown founded on the realities or appearances presented synthetic compound related to hydantoin, used as markings. The foot bears a conspicuous white to the senses. an anticonvulsant in the treatment of epilepsy. operculum. g derivatives phenomenalist noun & adjective, g origin 1940s: blend of PHENYL and HYDANTOIN. 3Family Phasianellidae, class Gastropoda: phenomenalistic adjective. pheromone /"fEr@m@Un/ h noun Zoology a chemical Phasianella,Tricolia, and other genera, including the European T. pullus. phenomenology /fI%nQmI"nQl@dZi/ h noun [mass substance produced and released into the environment by an animal, especially a mammal or Pheidippides /fVI"dIpIdi:z/(5th century bc), noun] Philosophy the science of phenomena as distinct an insect, affecting the behaviour or physiology of Athenian messenger. He was sent to Sparta to ask from that of the nature of being. ™ others of its species. for help after the Persian landing at Marathon in an approach that concentrates on the study of consciousness and the objects of direct experience. g derivatives pheromonal adjective. 490 and is said to have covered the 250 km (150 g derivatives phenomenological adjective, g origin 1950s: from Greek pherein ‘convey’ + miles) in two days on foot. phenomenologically adverb, phenomenologist HORMONE. phen- h combining form variant spelling of PHENO- noun. h shortened before a vowel (as in phenelzine). phew exclamation informal expressing a strong phenomenon h noun (pl. phenomena) 1 a fact or reaction of relief: phew, what a year! h phenanthrene /fI"nanTri:n/ noun [mass noun] situation that is observed to exist or happen, g origin early 17th cent.: imitative of puffing. Chemistry a crystalline hydrocarbon present in coal especially one whose cause or explanation is in phi /fVI/ h noun the twenty-first letter of the Greek tar. question: glaciers are unique and interesting natural 3A tricyclic compound: chem. formula: C H . alphabet (F, f), transliterated as ‘ph’ or (in modern 14 10 phenomena. Greek) ‘f’. phencyclidine /fEn"sVIklIdi:n/(abbrev.: PCP) ™ a remarkable person, thing, or event. ™(Phi) [followed by Latin genitive] Astronomy the twenty-first h noun [mass noun] a synthetic compound derived 2 Philosophy the object of a person’s perception; what star in a constellation: Phi Eridani. from piperidine, used as a veterinary anaesthetic the senses or the mind notice. hsymbol for ™ (f) a plane angle. ™ (f) a polar and in hallucinogenic drugs such as angel dust. g origin late 16th cent.: via late Latin from Greek coordinate. Often coupled with q. g origin 1950s: from PHENO- + CYCLO- + a shortened phainomenon ‘thing appearing to view’, based on g origin Greek. form of PIPERIDINE. phainein ‘to show’. phial /"fVI@l/ h noun a small cylindrical glass bottle, phenelzine /f@"nElzi:n/ h noun [mass noun] Medicine a USAGE The word phenomenon comes from Greek, typically used for medical samples or for potions or synthetic compound used as a monoamine oxidase and its plural form is phenomena,asinthese medicines: a phial of blood. inhibitor. phenomena are not fully understood. It is a mistake to g origin Middle English: from Old French fiole,via g origin 1950s: from PHENO- + e(thy)l +(hydra)zine. treat phenomena as if it were a singular form, as in this Latin from Greek phiale¯, denoting a broad flat pheno- (also phen- before a vowel) h combining form is a strange phenomena. container. Compare with VIAL. 1 Chemistry derived from benzene: phenobarbitone. Phi Beta Kappa /%fVI %bi:t@ "kap@/ h noun (in the 2 showing: phenotype. phenothiazine /%fi:n@U"TVI@zi:n, %fEn@U-/ h noun g origin [mass noun] Chemistry a synthetic compound which is US) an honorary society of undergraduates and sense 1 from French phe´nyle ‘phenyl’, from some graduates to which members are elected on Greek phaino- ‘shining’; both senses from Greek used in veterinary medicine to treat parasitic infestations of animals. the basis of high academic achievement. phainein ‘to show’. ™ 3A heterocyclic compound; chem. formula: C H NS. a member of this society. h noun 12 9 g origin phenobarbital /%fi:n@(U)"bA:bIt(@)l, %fEn-/ US ™[count noun] Psychiatry any of a group of derivatives of from the initial letters of a Greek motto term for PHENOBARBITONE. this compound with tranquillizing properties, used philosophia biou kuberne¯te¯s ‘philosophy is the guide phenobarbitone /%fi:n@(U)"bA:bIt@Un, %fEn-/ h noun as tranquillizers in the treatment of mental illness. to life’. [mass noun] Medicine a narcotic and sedative phenotype /"fi:n@(U)tVIp/ h noun Biology the set of Phidias /"fIdIas, "fVId-/(5th century bc), Athenian barbiturate drug used chiefly to treat epilepsy. observable characteristics of an individual sculptor. He is noted for the Elgin marbles and his phenocopy /"fi:n@(U)kQpi/ h noun (pl. -ies) Genetics an resulting from the interaction of its genotype with vast statue of Zeus at Olympia (c.430), which was individual showing features characteristic of a the environment. one of the Seven Wonders of the World. genotype other than its own, but produced g derivatives phenotypic adjective, phenotypical Phil. h abbreviation for ™ Epistle to the Philippians (in environmentally rather than genetically. adjective, phenotypically adverb. biblical references). ™ Philadelphia. phenocryst /"fi:n@(U)krIst, "fEn-/ h noun Geology a g origin early 20th cent.: from German Phaenotypus ™ Philharmonic. large or conspicuous crystal in a porphyritic rock, (see PHENO-, TYPE). phil- h combining form variant spelling of PHILO- distinct from the groundmass. phentolamine /fEn"tQl@mi:n/ h noun [mass noun] g origin shortened before a vowel or h (as in philanthrope, late 19th cent.: from French phe´nocryste, Medicine a synthetic compound used as a vasodilator, philharmonic). from Greek phainein ‘to show’ + krustallos ‘crystal’. especially in certain cases of hypertension. -phil h combining form having a chemical affinity for h g origin phenol /"fi:nQl/ noun [mass noun] Chemistry a mildly 1950s: from PHEN- + tol(yl) (an isomeric a substance: acidophil neutrophil. acidic toxic white crystalline solid obtained from cyclic radical derived from toluene) + AMINE. g origin see -PHILE. coal tar and used in chemical manufacture, and in h phenyl /"fi:nVIl, "fEnIl/ noun [as modifier] Chemistry of or Philadelphia /%fIl@"dElfI@/the chief city of dilute form (under the name carbolic)asa denoting the radical LC H , derived from benzene disinfectant. 6 5 Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River; pop. by removal of a hydrogen atom: a phenyl group. 1,585,580 (1990). Established as a Quaker colony by 3Chem. formula: C6H5OH. g origin mid 19th cent.: from French phe´nyle,from ™ William Penn and others in 1681, it was the site in [count noun] any compound with a hydroxyl group Greek phaino- ‘shining’ (because first used in names linked directly to a benzene ring. 1776 of the signing of the Declaration of g derivatives of compounds denoting by-products of the Independence and in 1787 of the adoption of the phenolic adjective. manufacture of gas used for illumination). g origin mid 19th cent.: from French phe´nole, based Constitution of the United States. on phe`ne ‘benzene’. phenylalanine /%fi:nVIl"al@ni:n, %fEnIl-/ h noun [mass g derivatives Philadelphian noun & adjective. noun] Biochemistry an amino acid widely distributed in g origin phenology /fI"nQl@dZi/ h noun [mass noun] the study of from Greek philadelphia ‘brotherly love’. plant proteins. It is an essential nutrient in the diet cyclic and seasonal natural phenomena, especially Philadelphia chromosome h noun Genetics an of vertebrates. in relation to climate and plant and animal life. abnormal small chromosome sometimes found in 3Chem. formula: C H CH CH(NH )COOH. g derivatives phenological adjective. 6 5 2 2 the leucocytes of leukaemia patients. g origin h late 19th cent.: from PHENOMENON + phenylbutazone /%fi:nVIl"bju:t@z@Un, %fEnIl-/ noun Philadelphia lawyer h noun informal a very -LOGY. [mass noun] a synthetic compound used as an shrewd lawyer expert in the exploitation of legal h analgesic drug in veterinary medicine. phenolphthalein /%fi:nQl"(f )Tali:n, -"(f )TeIl-/ noun g origin technicalities. [mass noun] Chemistry a colourless crystalline solid 1950s: from PHENYL + but(yl)+AZO- + -ONE. g origin with reference to Andrew Hamilton of (pink in alkaline solution) used as an acid–base phenylenediamine /%fEnIli:n%dVI"eImi:n, -dVI"am-, Philadelphia, who successfully defended John indicator and medicinally as a laxative. "dVI@mi:n/ h noun [mass noun] Chemistry a synthetic Zenger (1735), an American journalist and 3Chem. formula: C20H14O4. crystalline compound used widely in the publisher, from libel charges. g origin late 19th cent.: from PHENOL + -phthal- manufacture of dyes and other chemicals and as a h 1 philadelphus /%fIl@"dElf@s/ noun a mock orange. (from NAPHTHALENE)+-IN . photographic developer. g origin late 18th cent.: modern Latin (adopted by phenol red h noun [mass noun] Chemistry a red dye 3Chem. formula: C6H4(NH2)2: three isomers. Linnaeus as a genus name), from Greek philadelphos which is used as a pH indicator and (in medicine) phenylephrine /%fi:nVIl"EfrIn, %fEnIl-, -"Efri:n/ h noun ‘loving one’s brother’. injected in testing kidney function. [mass noun] Medicine a synthetic compound related to philander /fI"land@/ h verb [no obj.] (of a man) readily phenom h noun N.