Austria) 84-87 ©Österreichische Gesellschaft Für Herpetologie E.V., Wien, Austria, Download Unter
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Herpetozoa Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 18_1_2 Autor(en)/Author(s): Cabela Antonia, Schultschik Günter, Tiedemann Franz Artikel/Article: On the presence of a southeastern European Smooth Newt near Vienna (Austria) 84-87 ©Österreichische Gesellschaft für Herpetologie e.V., Wien, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 84 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 18 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juni 2005 SHORT NOTE On the presence of a southeastern v. graecus was so strong that the subspecif- European Smooth Newt near ic assignment was evident based on mor- phological and color-pattern characteristics Vienna (Austria) of breeding males (reddish nape stripe pres- ent; pronounced dorso-lateral ridges along The Smooth Newt form of middle and body sides; dorsal crest emerging from the northern Europe, and thereby the area of posterior nape, smooth, low, with vertical Vienna (Austria), is Triturus vulgaris vul- stripes; unspotted ventral caudal crest; dark, garis (LINNAEUS, 1758) (CABELA et al. 2001). thin caudal filament present, 6-8 mm long; In southeastern Europe (the Apennines- and webbing on hind feet dark, well developed - Balkan peninsula), and Asia Minor, T. vul- characters according to SCHMIDTLER 1983, garis is represented by morphologically and RAXWORTHY 1990 and SCHMIDTLER & FRAN- chorologically more or less defined forms, ZEN 2004). These Smooth Newts are now for example: T. v. schreiben (WOLTERSTORFF, identified as T. v. cf. graecus. 1914), T. v. meridionalis (BOULENGER, 1882) From the first molecular systematic and T. v. graecus (WOLTERSTORFF, 1905), analysis (r-RNA; MTV and MTG samples but also intermediary populations covering below) (W. MAYER, pers. comm.), the genet- large areas. Questions about taxonomy and ic distance of these non-native Smooth systematics including the interpretation of Newts (NHMW 36350: 1-2 [MTV-4, MTV- the complicated Triturus vulgaris distribu- 5]) to animals of the nominate race of the tion patterns were dealt with in SCHMIDTLER Vienna basin (NHMW 36349: 3 [MTV-8]) & FRANZEN (2004). is certainly just as great as to T. v. graecus In early 2001, in the Kaltenleutgeben from Ioânnina of northwestern Greece area, southwest of Vienna, Smooth Newts (NHMW 36348, captive bred [MTG-1]) or were detected, the males of which (fig. 1 ) an individual from Giannouli of northeast- were conspicuously different from the nom- ern Greece (NHMW 33535 [MTV-1]). The inate race, T. v. vulgaris (fig. 2) (J. TÖPFER, molecular analyses support the supposition Wien; M. DUDA, Perchtoldsdorf, pers. comm.). that presently, genetically different forms Soon after, the implausible occurrence was were placed together under the name T. v. encountered by G. S., and again in subse- graecus, which was also seen by SCHMIDT- quent years by the remaining authors. A LER & FRANZEN (2004). number of these male and female individu- During numerous excursions to the als were examined (Natural History Mu- Vienna Woods in 2001 to 2004, the area in seum Vienna, NHMW 36350:1-29, NHMW which T. v. cf. graecus occurred was delim- 37558:1-5, and some more in the field). ited to a convex polygon area of approxi- The conformity of these Smooth Newts to T. mately 2 km2 between Kaltenleutgeben and Table 1 : The water bodies of the study area (Kaltenleutgeben, southwest of Vienna, Austria) in which south- ern Smooth Newts Triturus vulgaris cf. graecus, were found, along with other newt species. 2 Number Type of Surface (m ) / Year of Place Sympatric in Water Depth (m) / Formation Name Newt Species Fig. 3 Body Altitude (m a.s.l.) (Genus Triturus) 1 Pond» ~400/?/380 1995» Großer Flösslberg T. carni/ex 2 Pond ~2000/?/400 End of 1980's Großer Flösslberg T. carnifex, T. a. alpestris 3 Pond ~ 100/7/560 1997 Großer Flösslberg T. carnifex 4 Ruts -/-/470-520 - Großer Flösslberg 5 Pond -8000/20/350 1995 NW Slopes of Parapluiberg 6 Ditches above Pond #5 -/-/360 - NW Slopes of Parapluiberg T. carnifex 7 Wooded Pond -250/7/480 ?of natural Parapluiberg T. carnifex, T. a. alpestris origin SW Josefswarte 8 Pooling Spring < 30/7/400 ?of natural SE Slopes T. carnifex, T. a. alpestris origin of Parapluiberg ') Small ephemeral, regularly emptied water bodies have been present there since the 1980's. ©Österreichische Gesellschaft für Herpetologie e.V., Wien, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 18(1/2) Wien, 30. Juni 2005 SHORT NOTE 85 Fig. 1: Breeding male Smooth Newt Triturus vulgaris cf. graecus (WOLTERSTORFF, 1905), (NHMW 37558: 1) from the Kaltenleutgeben area (Großer Flösslberg, site 2 in table I and figure 3), southwest of Vienna. Perchtoldsdorf, just southwest of Vienna and a pooling spring (fig. 3, site 8), are in- (fig. 3). The maximum distance across this habited by T. v. cf. graecus. Further site polygon is 2.2 km (sites 3 to 8). The study characterization is in table 1. area comprises the northeastern most exten- Interestingly, the authors found no sion of the Kalkstein-Wienerwald at an alti- phenotypes of the nominate race in the tude of approximately 350-560 m, in which waters colonized by T. v. cf. graecus, where- natural, large stagnant water bodies are not as, outside this area, T. v. vulgaris is the only available. form (fig. 3). The nearest known sites where Most of the water bodies colonized by T. v. vulgaris occurs are at distances of 1.6, T. v. cf. graecus are man-made, created at 2.0 and 2.1 km from the T. v. cf. graecus the end of the 1980's in prior active lime- sites. Expansion is hampered for the T. v. cf. stone quarries, as reported by G. MERKL graecus Smooth Newts in the north by (pers. comm.). In the vicinity of these waters, roads, settlements and the river of the Dürre lie small water-filled ruts (fig. 3, site 4) and Liesing river valley, and in the east by vine- ditches (fig. 3, site 6), in which T. v. cf. yards, but not in the south and west, apart graecus were also detected. In addition, a from a lack of permanent stagnant waters in heavily shaded, wooded pond (fig. 3, site 7) this forested terrain. Fig. 2: Breeding male Smooth Newt of the nominate race Triturus vulgaris vulgaris (LINNAEUS, 1758), (NHMW 37559: 1) from the Kaltenleutgeben area (Wallnerwiese, Teichgasse, • in figure 3), southwest of Vienna. ©Österreichische Gesellschaft für Herpetologie e.V., Wien, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 86 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 18(1/2) Wien, 30. Juni 2005 SHORT NOTE Hochsiockl ..,,«73 s •-Breitenftirt- Fig. 3: Map of the Kaltenleutgeben area southwest of Vienna (Wien, Austria) indicating the water bodies in which Triturus vulgaris cf. graecus ( • ) and Triturus vulgaris vulgaris (D and I) have been found. Numbering of water bodies corresponds with table 1. Scale represents six kilometers. I - Wallnerwiese, Teichgasse (Kaltenleutgeben); site where the specimen represented in figure 2 was captured. No prior documentation of any newts commonly sympatric with T. v. vulgaris (CA- including specimens released into the wild BELA et al. 2001). is recorded from the study area (CABELA et Because of the small size of the distri- al. 2001). It is not known whether Smooth bution range, the young age of the water Newts of the nominate race lived in these bodies and the great distance (about 800 km) waters before the appearance of T. v. cf. grae- to the nearest natural habitat of T. v. graecus, cus; however, the possibility clearly exists, it logically follows that this occurrence of even though the majority of the water bodies southern European Smooth Newts may only are recent. At present, two additional species be understood as a result of a release event of newts Triturus camifex (LAURENTI, 1768) within the last 15 years. Although the vari- (sites 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8) and T. a. alpestris (LAU- ous forms of the Smooth Newt interbreed RENTI, 1768) (sites 2, 7, 8) co-occur with T. v. and produce fertile offspring (SCHMIDTLER & cf. graecus. Since there is no essential dif- FRANZEN 2004), graecus and vulgaris phe- ference in the expansion potential between notypes were found in this investigation to these three newt species (BLAB & al. 1991; be mutually exclusive among the water bod- SCHÄFER & KNEITZ 1993; ARNTZEN 2003; ies. Whether or not Smooth Newts in the SCHMIDTLER & FRANZEN 2004), assumptions Kaltenleutgeben and Perchtoldsdorf area are are that the indigenous newt T. v. vulgaris is genetically pure southern forms, or that the also able to colonize this area, as it is well southern form is phenotypically dominant known that T. camifex and T. a. alpestris are within a mixed population of T. v. vulgaris ©Österreichische Gesellschaft für Herpetologie e.V., Wien, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 18 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juni 2005 SHORT NOTE 87 and T. v. graecus, must be determined and Triturus italicus (PERACCA, 1898) in fUrther examined to explain the apparent ab- the Lepini Mountains: sence of T. v. vulgar is. new north-western range limit ACKNOWLEGEMENTS: Johann TÖPFER (Wien) and Michael DUDA (Perchtoldsdorf) were the first to indicate the presence of conspicuous Smooth Triturus italicus (PERACCA, 1898) is a Newts in the vicinity of Kaltenleutgeben and Percht- newt endemic to southern Italy. The north- oldsdorf. Our sincere thanks to them. We are also ern limits of its distribution are located in grateful to Günter MERKL for his information about the history of the quarry water bodies on the Parapluiberg the province of Ancona (region of Marche) and Großer Flösslberg mountains. For almost 40 years and in the Ausoni Mountains (region of until 2000, he was the manager of the cement plant, Lazio) at the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian using limestone from the quarries of Kaltenleutgeben; side of the Apennines, respectively we owe it to his vision that these water bodies were cre- ated in these inactive quarries.