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Soil Treatability Studies Area IV Santa Susana Field Laboratory Ventura County, California Evaluation of Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminants Soil Treatability Studies Area IV Santa Susana Field Laboratory Ventura County, California Soil Partitioning Mercury Contamination Bioremediation Phytoremediation Natural Attenuation Study Plan Soil Treatability Studies Area IV Santa Susana Field Laboratory Ventura County, California Evaluation of Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminants Prepared for: Department of Energy Energy Technology and Engineering Center 4100 Guardian Street Simi Valley, California 93063 Prepared by: CDM Federal Programs Corporation (CDM Smith) 555 17th Street, Suite 1200 Denver, Colorado 80202 Prepared under: US Department of Energy EM Consolidated Business Center Contract DE‐EM0001128 CDM Smith Task Order DE‐DT0003515 November 2013 This page intentionally left blank. Study Plan Soil Treatability Studies Area IV Santa Susana Field Laboratory Ventura County, California Evaluation of Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminants Contract DE‐EM0001128 CDM Smith Task Order DE‐DT0003515 Prepared by: November 6, 2013 Keegan L. Roberts, Ph.D. Date CDM Smith Environmental Engineer Approved by: November 6, 2013 6/30/1 Pawan Sharma, P.E. Date CDM Smith Environmental Engineer Approved by: November 6, 2013 John Wondolleck Date CDM Smith Project Manager This page intentionally left blank. Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Purpose of Study ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Overview of Study ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Study Plan Structure ................................................................................................................................................. 1-2 Section 2 Roles and Responsibilities of Study Team ........................................................................... 2-1 Section 3 Study Basis ....................................................................................................................................... 3-1 Section 4 Study Apporach .............................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Literature Review ....................................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Phase 1: Plant Contaminant Uptake Screening ............................................................................................. 4-3 4.2.1 Study Plot Selection ....................................................................................................................................... 4-3 4.2.2 Plant Species Selection ................................................................................................................................. 4-7 4.2.3 Plant Tissue and Root-Zone Soil Sampling .......................................................................................... 4-7 4.3 Phase 2: Controlled Growth Experiments ............................................................................... 4-8 4.3.1 Seed Collection................................................................................................................................................. 4-8 4.3.2 Microcosm Construction ..................................................................................................................................................... 4-8 4.3.3 Soil Collection for Lab Investigation ................................................................................................... 4-13 4.3.4 Microcosm Experimental Design and Operation........................................................................... 4-14 4.3.5 Microcosm Sampling and Phytoremediation Rate Calculations ............................................ 4-1 4.3.6 Microbial Assays .......................................................................................................................................... 4-19 4.3.7 Collaboration .................................................................................................................................................. 4-196 4.3.8 Study Limitations ........................................................................................................................................ 4-19 4.4 Health and Safety Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 4-19 4.5 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Requirements ................................................................................... 4-20 Section 5 Study Report Description ........................................................................................................... 5-1 Section 6 Scheduling ........................................................................................................................................ 6-1 Section 7 References ....................................................................................................................................... 7-1 i Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 4-1 Potential Study Plots.................................................................................................................................................. 4-5 Figure 4-2 Microcosm . .................... 4-12 Schematic........................................................................................................................ .. List of Tables Table 4-1 Method of presenting phytoremediation literature review results ....................................................... 4-6 Table 4-2 Candidate plant species and selection rationale ............................................................................................. 4-9 Table 4-3 Growing season and seed maturation for candidate plant species ...................................................... 4-11 Table 4-4 Required and target sample mass and volume for analytical methods .............................................. 4-12 Table 4-5 Method number/title for contract laboratory chemical analysis of selected media .................... 4-13 Table 4-6 Overview of microcosm laboratory experiment ........................................................................................... 4-18 Appendices Appendix A Analytical Method Reporting Limits Appendix B Quality Control Objectives for Analytical Methods Appendix C AOC Chemical Look-Up Table Values Appendix D Identified Phase 3 SOPs Appendix E Phytoremediation Treatability Study Field SOPs Appendix F Phytoremediation Treatability Study Laboratory SOPs ii Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations 2378-TeCDD 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Ag silver AOC Administrative Order on Consent Cal Poly California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Cf final concentration Ci initial concentration CDD Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins COI contaminant of interest d days DOE United States Department of Energy DTSC California Environmental Protection Agency Department of Toxic Substances Control Hg mercury k degradation rate kg kilogram ln natural logarithm mg milligram PAH polyaromatic hydrocarbon Pb lead PCB polychlorinated biphenyl ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million ppt parts per trillion PRA preliminary remediation areas SAIC Science Applications International Corporation Sandia Sandia National Laboratories SOP standard operating procedure SSFL Santa Susana Field Laboratory STIG Soil Treatability Investigation Group t time t1/2 half-life TPH total petroleum hydrocarbons TRF terminal restriction fragment Zn Zinc iii Table of Contents List of Standard Operating Procedures Identified Phase 3 Standard Operating Procedures (Appendix D) SSFL SOP 1, Procedures for Locating and Clearing Phase 3 Samples SSFL SOP 2, Surface Soil Sampling SSFL SOP 3, Subsurface Soil Sampling with Hand Auger SSFL SOP 4, Direct Push Technology (DPT) Sampling SSFL SOP 6, Field Measurement of Total Organic Vapors SSFL SOP 7, Field Measurement of Residual Radiation SSFL SOP 8, Field Data Collection Documents, Content and Control SSFL SOP 9, Lithologic Logging SSFL SOP 10, Sample Custody SSFL SOP 11, Packaging and Shipping Environmental Samples SSFL SOP 12, Field Equipment Decontamination SSFL SOP 13, Guide to Handling Investigation Derived Waste SSFL SOP 15, Photographic Documentation of Field Activities SSFL SOP 16, Control of Measurement and Test Equipment SSFL SOP 17, Laboratory Homogenization For Phase 3 Soil Samples Phytoremediation Treatability Study Field Standard Operating Procedures (Appendix E) SSFL SOP ST PHY 1, Plant Sampling and Root-Zone Soil Sampling SSFL SOP ST PHY 2, Seed Collection SSFL SOP ST PHY 7, Laboratory Sampling Equipment Decontamination SSFL SOP ST PHY 10, Cal Poly Laboratory Data Collection, Documents, Content, and Control SSFL SOP ST PHY 11, Guide to Handling Experiment-Derived Waste Phytoremediation Treatability Study Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures (Appendix F) SSFL SOP ST PHY 3, Phytoremediation Microcosm Preparation and Operation SSFL SOP ST PHY 4, Use and Sampling of Sorbent Tubes for Phytovolatilization Measurement SSFL SOP ST PHY 5, Laboratory Homogenization of Phytoremediation Treatability Plant Tissue Samples
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