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Danaus Plexippus) in Milkweed Gardens and Conservation Areas
Journal of Insect Conservation https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0102-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Recruitment, survival, and parasitism of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) in milkweed gardens and conservation areas Emily A. Geest1 · L. LaReesa Wolfenbarger1 · John P. McCarty1 Received: 10 July 2018 / Accepted: 24 October 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are suffering from declining populations and conservationists have encouraged planting milkweed gardens in urban and suburban landscapes to help offset habitat loss across the breeding range. The effectiveness of gardens as a conservation strategy depends on their ability to attract ovipositing adults and the survival of monarch larvae in these gardens. Larvae are susceptible to a variety of predators as well as to parasitism by a tachinid fly (Lespesia archippivora) and a protozoan parasite (Ophryocystis elektroscirrha) which cause lethal or sublethal effects, yet the severity of these risks in gardens is not well understood. We compared egg abundance and larval survival in traditional conservation areas to gardens that incorporated milkweed to attract monarchs. Additionally, we collected late instar larvae and reared them in the lab to compare parasitism rates between monarch gardens and conservation areas. Both gardens and conservations sites varied widely in recruitment and survival of monarchs and there were no significant differences between the garden and conservation sites. Tachinid fly parasitism ranged from 30% of larvae from conservation sites in 2016 to 55% of larvae from gardens in 2017, but did not differ between the two categories of sites. Parasitism byO. elektroscirrha was detected in fewer than 2% of larvae. The density of milkweed had no effect on the number of monarch eggs in conservation areas or gardens in either year. -
Operatic Danaids Peter Burian ([email protected]) CAMWS 2018
Operatic Danaids Peter Burian ([email protected]) CAMWS 2018 1. Ancient sources A. Apollodorus Bibliotheca 2.1.5 But the sons of Aegyptus came to Argos, and exhorted Danaus to lay aside his enmity, and begged to marry his daughters. Now Danaus distrusted their professions and bore them a grudge on account of his exile; nevertheless, he consented to the marriage and allotted the damsels among them. First, they picked out Hypermnestra as the eldest to be the wife of Lynceus…. When they had got their brides by lot, Danaus made a feast and gave his daughters daggers; and they slew their bridegrooms as they slept, all but Hypermnestra; for she saved Lynceus because he had respected her virginity: wherefore Danaus shut her up and kept her under ward. But the rest of the daughters of Danaus buried the heads of their bridegrooms in Lerna and paid funeral honors to their bodies in front of the city; and Athena and Hermes purified them at the command of Zeus. Danaus afterwards united Hypermnestra to Lynceus; and bestowed his other daughters on the victors in an athletic contest. (trans. J. G. Frazer) B. Hyginus Fabulae 168 Danaus son of Belus had 50 daughters by several wives. His brother Aegyptus had just as many sons, and he wanted to kill his brother Danaus and his daughters so that he alone would possess his father's kingdom. When Danaus first outage is realized what was going on, he fled from Africa to Argos with the help of Minerva, who, they say, built the first two-prowed ship so that Danaus when Egypt is found out could escape. -
Petition to Protect the Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus Plexippus) Under the Endangered Species Act
BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR © Jeffrey E. Belth PETITION TO PROTECT THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY (DANAUS PLEXIPPUS PLEXIPPUS) UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Notice of Petition Sally Jewell, Secretary U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] Dan Ashe, Director U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1849 C Street NW Washington, D.C. 20240 [email protected] Douglas Krofta, Chief Branch of Listing, Endangered Species Program U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Room 420 Arlington, VA 22203 [email protected] Monarch ESA Petition 2 PETITIONERS The Center for Biological Diversity (“Center”) is a nonprofit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of imperiled species and the habitat and climate they need to survive through science, policy, law, and creative media. The Center is supported by more than 775,000 members and activists throughout the country. The Center works to secure a future for all species, great or small, hovering on the brink of extinction. The Center for Food Safety (“CFS”) is a nonprofit public interest organization established in 1997 whose mission centers on protecting public health and the environment by curbing the adverse impacts of industrial agriculture and food production systems on public health, the environment, and animal welfare, and by instead promoting sustainable forms of agriculture. As particularly relevant here, CFS is the leading nonprofit working on the adverse impacts of genetically engineered crops and neonicotinoid pesticides. CFS and its over half-a-million members are concerned about the impacts of industrial agriculture on biodiversity generally, and on monarch butterflies specifically. -
THE SUPPLIANT MAIDENS Translated by S
THE SUPPLIANT MAIDENS Translated by S. G. Benardete c THB SUPPLIANT MAIDENS > haps because Pelasgus dies), but they swear to their father to kill them on their wedding night. All except Hypermnestra fulfil their oath, while she-"splendide mendax," Horace calls her-out of love INTRODUCTION TO for her husband saves him. In the last play Hypermnestra is forced THE SUPPLIANT MAIDENS to stand trial because she violated her oath; and in a scene reminiscent of that in the Eumenides, Aphrodite herself appears and defends her. IT Part of her speech survives: HAD always been thought by modern scholars that The Suppliant Maidens was the earliest Greek play still preserved, and the date of As the sacred heaven longs to pierce the earth, its production was given as circa 490 B.C. This opinion was based on So love takes hold of earth to join in marriage, And showers, fallen from heaven brought to bed, stylistic considerations as well as on the factthat the protagonist of the Make the earth pregnant; and she in turn gives birth play is the chorus itself,which Aristotle tells us to have been the early To flocks of sheep and Ceres' nourishment- condition of the drama. A papyrus recently published, however, A marriage that drenches the springtime of the woods would seem to suggest that the trilogy, of which The Suppliant For all this I am in part responsible. Maidens is the first part, was first produced after 470 B.C. Should The Suppliant Maidens is an international play. The Danaids are this pro�e to be the case, it will be a real puzzle why Aeschylus kept refugees, Greeks by descent, Egyptians in appearance (11. -
A Classification of Danaus Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKZOJZoological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4082The Lin- nean Society of London, 2005? 2005 1442 191212 Original Article CLASSIFICATION OF DANAUSD. A. S. SMITH ET AL. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 144, 191–212. With 3 figures A classification of Danaus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based upon data from morphology and DNA DAVID A. S. SMITH FLS1*, GUGS LUSHAI FLS2 and JOHN A. ALLEN FLS2 1Natural History Museum, Eton College, Windsor SL4 6EW, UK 2Ecology & Biodiversity Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton SO16 7PX, UK Received September 2003; accepted for publication March 2005 Classification of the cosmopolitan butterfly genus Danaus (Nymphalidae: Danainae) is revised at subgeneric, specific and subspecific levels, combining for the first time mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence information with mor- phological data. Tree topologies based on the nuclear genome (allozymes, pheromone components, the morphology of all life history stages and nuclear DNA sequences), on the one hand, and mitochondrial DNA, on the other, are incon- gruent and challenge the current taxonomy of the genus. Although earlier classifications, based on adult morphology alone, are, in general, well supported by an analysis of total evidence, the mitochondrial phylogeny shows that the species D. chrysippus and its subgenus Anosia are deeply paraphyletic. Subspecies dorippus of D. chrysippus is the basal clade of the genus and is reinstated as the species D. dorippus. The former species D. plexaure is demoted to a subspecies of D. eresimus. The specific status of D. erippus, as distinct from D. plexippus, is tentatively supported. On the strength of the new data, division of the monophyletic genus Danaus s.l. -
Danaus Βουγενής: Greco-Egyptian Mythology and Ptolemaic Kingship Alexandros Kampakoglou
Danaus βουγενής: Greco-Egyptian Mythology and Ptolemaic Kingship Alexandros Kampakoglou HE THIRD BOOK of Callimachus’s Aetia opens with an elegy that celebrates the chariot victory of Queen Berenice II in the Nemean games (frr.54–60j).1 Accord- T 2 ing to the introductory couplet, the Victoria Berenices is offered by Callimachus to Zeus and Nemea as a gift on behalf of his patron, Berenice II: Ζηνί τε κα⸤ὶ Νεµέηι τι χαρίσιον ἕδνον ὀφείλω⸥, νύµφα, κα[σιγνή]τ̣ων ἱερὸν αἷµα θεῶν, ἡµ[ε]τ̣ερο.[......].εων ἐπινίκιον ἵππω̣[ν]. To Zeus and Nemea I owe a gift of gratitude, nymph, sacred blood of the sibling gods, our victory song […] of horses. Zeus and Nemea appear as the receivers of Callimachus’ gift because of their connection with the Nemean games: the myth of the Victoria Berenices narrates the killing of the Nemean lion but memorializes the creation by Heracles of the wreath that Nemean victors received as a prize. The mythic part of the poem concludes with a sacrifice to Zeus performed jointly by Heracles and Molorcus (fr.60c.8–10). The frame mirrors, in this regard, the actions of the myth: Heracles offers a sacrifice to his divine father with the assistance of his host, Molorcus; Berenice consecrates the elegy to Zeus, the divine progenitor of 1 I cite the edition of A. Harder, Callimachus. Aetia I–II (Oxford 2012); translations are my own. 2 This is the title given to the first elegy of Book 3 by P. J. Parsons, “Cal- limachus: Victoria Berenices,” ZPE 25 (1977) 1–51. -
Divine Riddles: a Sourcebook for Greek and Roman Mythology March, 2014
Divine Riddles: A Sourcebook for Greek and Roman Mythology March, 2014 E. Edward Garvin, Editor What follows is a collection of excerpts from Greek literary sources in translation. The intent is to give students an overview of Greek mythology as expressed by the Greeks themselves. But any such collection is inherently flawed: the process of selection and abridgement produces a falsehood because both the narrative and meta-narrative are destroyed when the continuity of the composition is interrupted. Nevertheless, this seems the most expedient way to expose students to a wide range of primary source information. I have tried to keep my voice out of it as much as possible and will intervene as editor (in this Times New Roman font) only to give background or exegesis to the text. All of the texts in Goudy Old Style are excerpts from Greek or Latin texts (primary sources) that have been translated into English. Ancient Texts In the field of Classics, we refer to texts by Author, name of the book, book number, chapter number and line number.1 Every text, regardless of language, uses the same numbering system. Homer’s Iliad, for example, is divided into 24 books and the lines in each book are numbered. Hesiod’s Theogony is much shorter so no book divisions are necessary but the lines are numbered. Below is an example from Homer’s Iliad, Book One, showing the English translation on the left and the Greek original on the right. When citing this text we might say that Achilles is first mentioned by Homer in Iliad 1.7 (i.7 is also acceptable). -
The Suppliant Maidens by Aeschylus
The Suppliant Maidens by Aeschylus DRAMATIS PERSONAE DANAÜS PELASGUS, King of Argos HERALD of the Sons of Aegyptus CHORUS of the Daughters of Danaüs Attendant Maidens SCENE.—A sacred precinct on the shore not far from Argos. Many images of the gods are visible whose collective worship is denoted by a common altar. TIME. —Prehistoric. ARGUMENT Io, daughter of Inachus, King of Argos, was priestess of Hera, whose jealousy of her lord’s love for the maiden brought upon her victim marring of mind and body; and she was driven distraught and in the semblance of a heifer made to wander over land and sea until she came to the land of the Nile. There she regained her human form by the mysterious touch of her lover Zeus, and bore a child Epaphus, from whom sprang Libya, and from her Belus and Agenor. Between Belus’s two sons, Aegyptus and Danaüs, strife arose, and the fifty sons of Aegyptus wished to possess by forced marriage the fifty daughters of Danaüs. But the maidens, loathing the violence of their kinsmen, fled amain with their father to Argos, the home of their primal mother, and besought sanctuary from the king of that land, Pelasgus. The hesitation of the king to vindicate to the suppliants the right of asylum, the triumph of that right by vote of the people of Argos, the arrival of the suitors in pursuit, preceded by their herald demanding the surrender of the maidens, and his repulse through threatening war, constitute the action of the play. The sequel was contained in the Egyptians and the Danaïdes. -
Monarch (Danaus Plexippus) in Canada, Prepared Under Contract with Environment Canada
COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Monarch Danaus plexippus in Canada SPECIAL CONCERN 2010 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2010. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Monarch Danaus plexippus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 43 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous report(s): COSEWIC. 2001. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Monarch Danaus plexippus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. v + 21 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). 1997. Draft. COSEWIC status report on the Monarch Danaus plexippus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Karine Bériault for writing the status report on the Monarch (Danaus plexippus) in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Laurence Packer, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Arthropods Species Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le monarque (Danaus plexippus) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: Monarch — Bob Graham, Point Pelee National Park. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2010. Catalogue CW69-14/597-2010E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-15945-4 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – April 2010 Common name Monarch Scientific name Danaus plexippus Status Special Concern Reason for designation This species has a population of millions to over one billion individuals. -
The Argo Adventure Apollonius and Callimachus
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Remapping the Mediterranean: The Argo adventure Apollonius and Callimachus Version 1.0 May 2007 Susan Stephens Stanford University Abstract: This paper was written for Culture in Pieces, a Festschrift in honor of Peter Parsons. Callimachus and Apollonius were poets writing in Alexandria, a newly established Greek city on the north east coast of Africa that lacked defining narratives of space, indigenous gods and heroes, or founding families. I argue that both poets turned to the legend of the Argonauts to link Libya and Egypt with Greece as a strategy in crafting a legitimating myth for the Ptolemaic occupation of Egypt. The textual argument focuses on the gift of a clod of Libyan earth to one of the Argonauts in Pindar’s Pythian 4 and at end of the Argonautica, and the Argonaut fragments at the beginning of Callimachus’ Aetia. © Susan Stephens. [email protected] Stephens -- 1 Remapping the Mediterranean: The Argo adventure Apollonius and Callimachus Recent studies have taught us the importance of landscape in the construction of the Greek imagination. Place is an intricate blend of the real and the imagined: composed of a location’s natural phenomena, like mountains and rivers; the divine associations these phenomena inspire, expressed in stories and rituals; and the boundaries imposed by culture that generate categories of inclusion or exclusion.1 Consider, for example, the immensely potent myth of Athenian autochthony and how it is articulated in the funeral oration embedded in Plato’s Menexenus. Autochthony breeds virtue in contrast to the familiar migrating (and foreign) ancestors claimed by other Greeks: — " ı # ı $ Ú ˜ Ô ı Ú Õ Û Ú ˜ Ì, Ï Ù ' ! Ú $ Ì. -
Euripides' Antiope and the Theban Trilogy by Julianna K. Will a Thesis
Euripides’ Antiope and the Theban Trilogy by Julianna K. Will A thesis submitted to the Graduate Program in Classics in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts. Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada April, 2015 Copyright © Julianna K. Will, 2015 Abstract This thesis is a discussion, reconstruction, and analysis of Euripides’ lost Antiope. Based on metrical studies which suggest a date much earlier than its usual date of 410 or 408 B.C., I specifically focus on the possibility that Antiope might be part of a larger Theban trilogy, produced together with Suppliant Women and one other play. I begin with a thorough look at the mythological material existing before Euripides’ version of the story, as well as the tragedy’s effect on later versions. From there I provide a translation of the existing fragments arranged in the order I believe they were written for the tragedy, and a reconstruction with discussion. The latter half of the thesis I devote to reading Antiope as part of a trilogy. I compare the similarities between the proposed Theban trilogy with the more firmly established Trojan trilogy, and I provide a discussion on Antiope and Suppliant Women, commenting on how reading the two plays together can drastically change an analysis of either. I conclude that even if Euripides did not have “trilogy” in mind when he wrote Antiope and Suppliant Women, the connection between the two tragedies is both too important and too subtle for them to have been produced in separate years and still have been appreciated by an ancient audience. -
Philo's Portrayal of Moses in the Context of Ancient Judaism
LOUIS H. FELDMAN Philo’s Portrayal of Moses in the Context of Ancient Judaism University of Notre Dame Press Notre Dame, Indiana © 2007 University of Notre Dame Press Copyright © by University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana www.undpress.nd.edu All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Designed by Wendy McMillen, type set in . ⁄. Garamond MT Printed on # Nature’s Natural recycled paper in the U.S.A. by Sheridan Books, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Feldman, Louis H. Philo’s portrayal of Moses in the context of ancient Judaism / Louis H. Feldman. p. cm. — (Christianity and Judaism in antiquity series ; v. ) Includes bibliographical references and index. -: ---- (cloth : alk. paper) -: --- (cloth : alk. paper) . Moses (Biblical leader) . Philo, of Alexandria. Pseudo-Philo. Josephus, Flavius. Rabbinical literature—History and criticism. Greek literature, Hellenistic—Jewish authors—History and criticism. Dead Sea scrolls. Christian literature, Early—History and criticism. I. Title. '.—dc This book is printed on recycled paper. © 2007 University of Notre Dame Press I. General Considerations 1. The Importance of Moses in Classical Antiquity The one figure in Jewish tradition who was well known to the pagan world was Moses (see Gager ). When Quintilian (..), at the end of the first century, refers to “the founder of the Jewish superstition,” he, like Pseudo- Longinus, does not deem it necessary to name him, because Moses was ap- parently well known.1 When Juvenal (.‒) wishes to satirize converts to Judaism he speaks of what they learn as “Moses’ arcane book.” Moses’ connection with Egypt, known for its antiquity, its learning, and its wealth, undoubtedly gave him a certain prominence, especially during the Hellenistic period, when Alexandria was the chief center of scholarship.