High Dynamic Range Better Pixels for Better TV

High Dynamic Range Better Pixels for better TV

Arnd Paulsen 10. February 2016 Table of Contents

High Dynamic Range Overview / Status Consumer Research Better Pixels for better TV Technical Deep Dive

Summary

LARGER GREATER HIGHER HIGHER LUMINANCE COLOR RESOLUTION FRAME RATE RANGE GAMUT (e.g. UHD and above) (HFR) (Brighter and (More Colorful Darker Pixels) Pixels)

MORE FASTER BETTER PIXELS PIXELS PIXELS

Not all of these elements have to be combined simultaneously.

Enabled by Dolby Vision Brightness in natural Settings

Luminous intensity is a photometric quantity measured 300 Nits in lumens per steradian (lm/sr), 15 Nits 0,25 Nits or candela (cd). 133.000 Nits Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. Human 173.000 Nits What We The SI unit for luminance is Visual See Adaptation 6000 Nits candela per square metre 2 (cd/m ). 300.000 Nits 15 Nits

A non-SI term for the same unit 15 Nits 10.000 Nits is the "nit". Often the backlight of a TV panel is characterized by a number of several hundreds nits. 185 Nits

(Source Wikipedia)

Image Delivery to the Human Eye

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart) Page 7 Content Delivery in Today’s Blu-ray Infrastructure

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart) Page 8 Consumer Research Brightness & Blacks HDR vs. Standard Today

This display consists of a digital cinema projector pointed at a 23” monochrome LCD panel.

The digital projector image and the LCD panel are dual modulated to create a display capable of a black level of 0.004 cd/m2 and a peak white level of 20,000 cd/m2.

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart) Page 10 When exposed to two displays, 9 out of 10 of consumers surveyed could see a marked difference and preferred the TV with Dolby Vision technology versus a standard HD display

Technical Deep Dive Color Gamut and Brightness

• CIE 1976 u’,v’ diagram: – more perceptually uniform than CIE 1931 x,y • Key Gamuts: – Rec 2020 primaries – DCI P3 – Rec 709 – Pointer’s Gamut of real-world colors (ignores color light sources)

But Color Gamut does NOT describe the human color perception  Color Volume

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart) Page 13 Distinction between color gamut area and color volume

• When comparing color gamuts, the brightness (intensity) is often neglected

• To describe how a color appears to a human (color appearance), need both color and it’s intensity

• Use the range of colors and intensities to describe a color volume – The palette of all available colors to render artistic intent

• Need a very bright white in order to get a bright color! – P3 blue is only 7nits with 100nit white – …36nits with 500nit white – …722nits with 10Knit white

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart) Page 14 Distinction between color gamut area and color volume

• When comparing color gamuts, the brightness (intensity) is often neglected

• To describe how a color appears to a human (color appearance), need both color and it’s intensity

• Use the range of colors and intensities to describe a color volume – The palette of all available colors to render artistic intent

• Need a very bright white in order to get a bright color! – P3 blue is only 7nits with 100nit white – …36nits with 500nit white – …722nits with 10Knit white

Dolby Pulsar Rec709,4000nits 100nits

• Dolby monitor – 4000nit – P3 – 2011

• Used for grading images on the following slides

In Gamut Pixels Out of Gamut Pixels Rec709, 100nits

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart) Page 19 Problems with today’s Consumer Digital Video Content Delivery System

Consumer displays support more dynamic range and gamut than present in today’s Blu-Ray, DTV, OTT video signal

Display Mapping Today’s video signal can’t carry all relevant information controlled by Metadata is important.

Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-5 (April 2002) defines parameter values for the HDTV, e.g. the well known color gamut implemented in all displays as of today.

Recommendation ITU-R BT.1886 (March 2011) defines the Reference electro-optical transfer function (EOTF) for HDTV flat panel displays.

 The color gamut (as defined by the rare earth phosphors used)  The brightness was limited to ~100 candela/m2

UHD as specified in Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020 (June 2014) was the first standard to partially break free from these constraints, however it retained – the 100 candela/m2 CRT reference brightness limit and – the corresponding Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) based on the gamma characteristic of the CRT.

The Standard SMPTE ST 2084 (2014) defines a High Dynamic Range Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) for Mastering Reference Displays, not based on the Gamma curve of a CRT, but directly based on the contrast sensitivity ratio of the human eye (PQ – Perceptual Quantizer).

ITU-R BT.2100 defines PQ and HLG

Mastering: The Standard SMPTE ST 2086 (2014) Mastering Metadata (Color Volume Metadata, static Metadata).

Distribution: A new standard is in progress SMPTE ST.2094 and beyond for the definition of “Content-Dependent Metadata for Color Volume Transformation of High Luminance and Wide Color Gamut Images” (dynamic Metadata).

HDMI 2.0a supports PQ and SMPTE 2086 static metadata (BD-Player -> TV) – HDR10

Submissions to DVB have been made (key words PQ10, HLG10)

Today’s Consumer Experience HDR Consumer Experience

Enabling creation and distribution of content with High Dynamic Range and Wide Color Gamut

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart) Page 25 http://www.dolby.com/us/en/brands/dolby-vision.html

HDR Consumer Experience Today’s Consumer Experience Dolby Vision Flexibility

Works across device, resolutions, and content types. The signal sends both a base layer for non Dolby Vision TVs and enhancement layer which contains the Dolby Vision metadata

Best Dolby Vision Accommodates a Experience range of next generation formats. Standard Dynamic Range Experience Delivers ultimate on today‘s TV experience with Dolby Vision mastered content and remains backwards- compatible to Dolby Vision standard SDR Enhancement Layer Base Layer devices. (e.g. as of today: BT.709 Color, BT.1886 Gamma)

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart) Page 28 HDR System Proposals (WiP, tbc, Stand IBC 2015)

Dolby Vision: Rec 709/Rec 2020/XYZ (any display gamut), PQ with MD (14-bit ‘gamma equivalent’) - single layer (non-backwards compatible) | dual layer (backwards-compatible, uncompromised)

JTP joint Philips/Technicolor

HLG joint BBC/NHK (Hybrid Log Gamma) Sony: SLOG-3

…

HDR10: UHD Blu-ray Disc base layer for HDR (10-bit), no defined display mapping (hence up to the TV manufacturer)

HDMI 2.0a supports PQ and SMPTE 2086 static metadata to support HDR10 / BDA FE source devices to connect to TVs. This is one of the most relevant HDR standardization effort that already concluded.

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart) Page 29 IFA’2016 – HDR bei allen Marken gesehen (alphabetically)

• Grundig • Sony • HDR oft unspezifisch (ohne konkrete Formatangabe) • Hisense • TCL (Dolby Vision) • Dafür Abgrenzung mittels (Marketing-) • Loewe (Dolby Vision) • Toshiba Eigennamen:

• LG (Dolby Vision) • Vestel (Dolby Vision) – HDR, HDR +, HDR Perfect, HDR1000, X-tended Dyn. Range, … • Panasonic • uvam. • Viele Vergleichsdemonstrationen (SDR/HDR, • Philips WGC, HFR, OLED/Quantum Dots), gut gemachte Schaubilder/Experimente • Samsung • Live HDR broadcasting • Sharp

• Skyworth (Dolby Vision)

• HDR-Formate, Versuch einer Positionierung – HLG – HDR10 – Dolby Vision

Über 100h Dolby Vision bei Netflix (auch in Deutschland)

Arnd Paulsen

[email protected]

www.dolby.com/vision