Program of the 85Th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists April 12 – 16, 2016
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EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)
EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Editors: Dr Jeroen Stevens Contact information: Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp – K. Astridplein 26 – B 2018 Antwerp, Belgium Email: [email protected] Name of TAG: Great Ape TAG TAG Chair: Dr. María Teresa Abelló Poveda – Barcelona Zoo [email protected] Edition: First edition - 2020 1 2 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines disclaimer Copyright (February 2020) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA APE TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analysed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. -
Enamel Lamellae ** Thin Leaf Like Structure, Extend from the Enamel Surface to a Considerable Distance in the Enamel Till DEJ , Sometimes Extend Into the Dentin
Objectives: 1-Understand the Physical and Chemical characteristic features of enamel 2-Recognize the surface and histological structure of enamel. (1) Definition; Enamel is the hardest mineralized tissue in the human body that covers the anatomical crown of teeth. It forms a protective covering of teeth to resist the stresses and forces of mastication. (2) Origin ectodermal in origin from the IEE. Formative cells: Ameloblasts which are lost as the tooth erupts and hence enamel can not renew itself. Oral ectoderm *It is a mineralized epithelial tissue that is totally acellular. Dental *Inert. lamina *Non-vital. *Insensitive. Inner *If wear or Caries, it can’t replaced enamel Or regenerated (can’t renew itself). epithelium *Permeable. *Unique crystalline structure. *Unique matrix protein. (3) Physical properties of enamel: A)Color: Yellowish white to grayish white (according to thickness, degree of translucency, degree of calcification & homogeneity of enamel). B)Thickness: Variable (max. on cusp tips {2-2.5mm.}& kinfe edge at cervical margin). C)Hardness: Hardest calcified tissue in the body due to: [↑↑content of mineral salts & its crystalline arrangement]. Hardness of permanent teeth ˃ deciduous. Hardness at the surface ˃ DEJ. Hardness at cusp & incisal edge ˃ hardness at cervical line. D)Brittleness: Enamel is brittle, especially when looses its elastic foundation of healthy dentin (i.e. undermind enamel). E)Permeability: Enamel can act as semipermeable membrane, permitting complete or partial slow passage of certain ions & dyes. Mainly from the saliva to the outer layer of enamel, but to a lesser degree from the pulp to the inner enamel layer across the dentin. GROUND SECTION DECALCIFIED SECTION Methods of Studying ” hard tissues” HISTOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF TEETH GROUND SECTIONS ENAMEL Show enamel, dentin and bone. -
Jci.Org Volume 124 Number 12 December 2014 5219 Brief Report the Journal of Clinical Investigation
The Journal of Clinical Investigation BRIEF REPORT Hair keratin mutations in tooth enamel increase dental decay risk Olivier Duverger,1 Takahiro Ohara,1 John R. Shaffer,2 Danielle Donahue,3 Patricia Zerfas,4 Andrew Dullnig,5 Christopher Crecelius,5 Elia Beniash,6,7 Mary L. Marazita,2,6,8 and Maria I. Morasso1 1Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 2Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 3Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 4Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 5National Capital Consortium Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 6Department of Oral Biology, 7Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, and 8Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and has a unique combination of hardness and fracture toughness that protects teeth from dental caries, the most common chronic disease worldwide. In addition to a high mineral content, tooth enamel comprises organic material that is important for mechanical performance and influences the initiation and progression of caries; however, the protein composition of tooth enamel has not been fully characterized. Here, we determined that epithelial hair keratins, which are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the sheaths that support the hair shaft, are expressed in the enamel organ and are essential organic components of mature enamel. Using genetic and intraoral examination data from 386 children and 706 adults, we found that individuals harboring known hair disorder–associated polymorphisms in the gene encoding keratin 75 (KRT75), KRT75A161T and KRT75E337K, are prone to increased dental caries. -
In Search of Placentophagy
This article was downloaded by: [184.7.75.65] On: 14 July 2012, At: 14:25 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Ecology of Food and Nutrition Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gefn20 In Search of Human Placentophagy: A Cross-Cultural Survey of Human Placenta Consumption, Disposal Practices, and Cultural Beliefs Sharon M. Young a & Daniel C. Benyshek a a Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Version of record first published: 06 Nov 2010 To cite this article: Sharon M. Young & Daniel C. Benyshek (2010): In Search of Human Placentophagy: A Cross-Cultural Survey of Human Placenta Consumption, Disposal Practices, and Cultural Beliefs, Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 49:6, 467-484 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2010.524106 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. -
Ovsepian SV, O'leary VB, Hoschl C. Mainstream Psychiatry Reinstates
Drug Discovery Today Volume 26, Number 3 March 2021 REVIEWS Mainstream psychiatry reinstates POST SCREEN therapeutic ventures of the remote past Reviews 1,2,3 4 1,2 Saak V. Ovsepian , Valerie B. O’Leary and Cyril Hoschl 1 Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic 2 Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic 3 International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland 4 Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Praha 10, Czech Republic The reinstatement and revision of abandoned therapeutic ventures of the past has been an integral part of medical research and advancement. In psychiatry, much interest was generated recently by emerging data on the use of faecal supplements for restoring the neurochemical balance in the brain, and on the ingestion of placenta to stabilize neural circuits disrupted by childbirth-related hormonal changes. Herein, we consider the emerging scientific evidence and socio-cultural prerequisites favouring the re- entry of these heterodox customs, which are reminiscent of widespread instinctive behaviours in wildlife, into modern healthcare. We explore their evolutionary background and adaptive significance, and consider mechanisms of therapeutic benefits. Finally, we reflect on emerging opportunities and challenges, which present clues towards better prevention and treatment of major neuropsychiatric disorders. Introduction widely documented. Still, the placenta and amniotic fluid have Influential works in ancient and early-modern pharmacy have been considered of major relevance to the management of pain included extensive debates and discussion of the use of human and distress related to childbirth. -
Enamel Spindles
LECTURE V 1 Learning Objective • At the end of this lecture, the students will be able to know about the; Ultrastructure of Enamel Rods Enamel Cuticle Enamel Lamellae Enamel Tufts Dentinoenamel Junction (DEJ) Enamel Spindles 2 ENAMEL CUTICLE • Primary enamel cuticle or the Nasmyth’s membrane • A typical basal lamina under electron microscope • Probably visible with the light microscope - wavy course • Apparently secreted by the ameloblasts 3 Enamel Cuticle Cont’d… • Function of the enamel cuticle • Afibrillar cementum • Pellicle 4 ENAMEL LAMELLAE • Thin, leaf-like structures • May extend to, and sometimes penetrate into, the dentin • Consist of organic material with little mineral content • May be confused with cracks 5 Enamel Lamellae Cont’d… • Types of Lamellae Type A: composed of poorly calcified rod segments Type B: consisting of degenerated cells Type C: filled with organic matter, presumably originating from saliva • Lamellae can be observed better in horizontal sections 6 Enamel Lamellae Cont’d… • Lamellae may develop in planes of tension Where rods cross such a plane, a short segment of the rod may not fully calcify • If the disturbance is more severe, a crack may develop Unerupted tooth: filled by surrounding cells After eruption: filled by organic substances from the oral cavity 7 ENAMEL TUFTS • Arise at the dentinoenamel junction and reach into the enamel to about one fifth to one third of its thickness • Resemble tufts of grass - erroneous • Does not spring from a single small area but is a narrow, ribbon-like structure -
Amniotic Fluid Naturally Contains the Necessary “Ingredients” for Developing an Extracellular Matrix That Can Repair Damaged Tissue
PalinGenAmniotic SportFlow Fluid - Supporting Scientific Rationale Russell Health, Inc. Mechanism of Action for AmnioticPalinGen FluidSportFlow Amniotic fluid naturally contains the necessary “ingredients” for developing an extracellular matrix that can repair damaged tissue. Amniotic fluid contains a number of components that are imperative in the development of this foundational extracellular matrix, such as collagen, which forms fibrils that provide structure for tissues like ligaments, tendons, and skin. In addition to collagen, cytokines, chemokines, and hyaluronan in amniotic fluid work together within the matrix to regulate inflammation, maximize communication, and initiate cell regrowth within the tissue. An Amniotic Fluid Injection is an injectable scaffold that utilizes a naturally formed mixture of bioactive molecules and solidifiable precursors found in pure amniotic fluid. By injecting Amniotic Fluid into defected joints or soft tissues, a newAmniotic 3D structure of regenerated healthy tissue is created. This entire process generally takes 3-6 weeks. References 1.Technology-Insight-Adult-Mesenchymal-Stem-Cells-for-Osteoarthritis-Therapy-Noth 2. Potential use of the human amniotic membrane as a scaffold in human articular cartilage repair 3. Amniotic Fluid: Not Just Fetal Urine Anymore. Mark A Underwood MD1, William M Gilbert MD2 and Michael P Sherman MD1 4. Amniotic Fluid Cell Therapy to Relieve Disc-Related Low Back Pain and Its Efficacy Comparison with Long-Acting Steroid Injection The following pages contain the previously listed references and additional supporting studies. REVIEW www.nature.com/clinicalpractice/rheum Technology Insight: adult mesenchymal stem cells for osteoarthritis therapy Ulrich Nöth, Andre F Steinert and Rocky S Tuan* SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form Despite the high prevalence and morbidity of osteoarthritis (OA), an of joint disease, is characterized by degenera- effective treatment for this disease is currently lacking. -
Conservation and Variation in Enamel Protein Distribution During Vertebrate Tooth Development PAUL G
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY (MOL DEV EVOL) 294:91–106 (2002) Conservation and Variation in Enamel Protein Distribution During Vertebrate Tooth Development PAUL G. SATCHELL,1 XOCHITL ANDERTON,1 OKHEE H. RYU,2 XIANGHONG LUAN,1,7 ADAM J. ORTEGA,3 RENE OPAMEN,1 BRETT J. BERMAN,4,6 DAVID E. WITHERSPOON,1 JAMES L. GUTMANN,1 AKIRA YAMANE,5 MARGERITA ZEICHNER-DAVID,6 2 6 JAMES P. SIMMER, CHARLES F. SHULER, AND THOMAS G.H. DIEKWISCH1,6,7* 1Baylor College of Dentistry/Texas A&M University System, Dallas, Texas 2Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, Texas 3Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 4The Department of Medicine, The University of California, San Diego, California 5Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan 6Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 7Allan G. Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, University of Illinois College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois ABSTRACT Vertebrate enamel formation is a unique synthesis of the function of highly specialized enamel proteins and their effect on the growth and organization of apatite crystals. Among tetrapods, the physical structure of enamel is highly conserved, while there is a greater variety of enameloid tooth coverings in fish. In the present study, we postulated that in enamel microstructures of similar organization, the principle components of the enamel protein matrix would have to be highly conserved. In order to identify the enamel proteins that might be most highly conserved and thus potentially most essential to the process of mammalian enamel formation, we used immunoscreening with enamel protein antibodies as a means to assay for degrees of homology to mammalian enamel proteins. -
Diagnosis of Occlusal Tooth Wear Using 3D Imaging of Optical Coherence Tomography Ex Vivo
sensors Article Diagnosis of Occlusal Tooth Wear Using 3D Imaging of Optical Coherence Tomography Ex Vivo Misa Kashiwa 1, Yasushi Shimada 1,2,* , Alireza Sadr 1,3 , Masahiro Yoshiyama 2, Yasunori Sumi 4 and Junji Tagami 1 1 Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (J.T.) 2 Department of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; [email protected] 3 Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics Biomechanics & Technology Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA 4 Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, Department for Advanced Dental Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-86-235-6671 Received: 21 September 2020; Accepted: 21 October 2020; Published: 23 October 2020 Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of 3D imaging of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the diagnosis of occlusal tooth wear ex vivo. Sixty-three extracted human molars with or without visible tooth wear were collected to take digital intraoral radiography and 3D OCT images. The degree of tooth wear was evaluated by 12 examiners and scored using 4-rank scale: 1—slight enamel wear; 2—distinct enamel wear; 3—tooth wear with slight dentin exposure; 4—tooth wear with distinct involvement of dentin. -
Fabrication and Characterisation of a Novel Biomimetic Anisotropic Ceramic/Polymer- Infiltrated Composite Material
Al-Jawoosh, S., Ireland, A., & Su, B. (2018). Fabrication and characterisation of a novel biomimetic anisotropic ceramic/polymer- infiltrated composite material. Dental Materials, 34(7), 994-1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.008 Peer reviewed version Link to published version (if available): 10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.008 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Elsevier at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0109564117310357?via%3Dihub. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Fabrication and characterisation of a novel biomimetic anisotropic ceramic/polymer-infiltrated composite material Abstract Objective. To fabricate and characterise a novel biomimetic composite material consisting of aligned porous ceramic preforms infiltrated with polymer. Method. Freeze-casting was used to fabricate and control the microstructure and porosity of ceramic preforms which were subsequently infiltrated with 40-50% by volume UDMA-TEGDMA polymer. The composite materials were then subjected to characterisation, namely density, compression, three-point bend, hardness and fracture toughness testing. Samples were also subjected to scanning electron microscopy and computerized tomography (Micro-CT). Results. Three-dimensional aligned honeycomb-like ceramic structure were produced and full interpenetration of the polymer phase was observed using micro-CT. -
Imaging Hard – Inside the Skeleton Timothy G
Imaging hard – inside the skeleton Timothy G. Bromage, Santiago Gomez, Alan Boyde Vertebrate hard tissue biologists study the surface and below-surface microanatomical features and compositional characteristics of bones and teeth of the skeleton (fish scales also deposit calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate into their structure, and we include them among the tissues we study). The variability in bone and tooth histology rivals that of all other organ systems, making it an ideal tissue for understanding the development, function, and physiology of organisms. What is more, in deference to soft tissues, bones and teeth survive as fossils, permitting all that we can know from the skeleton about an organism living today to be extrapolated to animals living millions of years ago. Bromage TG, Gomez S, Boyde A. Imaging hard – inside the skeleton. Royal Microscopy Society infocus 49: 4-31, 2018. 4 ISSUE 49 MARCH 2018 5 By and large, hard tissues are formed by cells that Bright-field microscopy two axes furthest from the maximum transmission air present themselves as superior surface reflection secrete an organic matrix, which then mineralises. Bright-field is the simplest yet most versatile form axes of the two filters. Brightness in images derived instruments for metrology. In addition to this, by But in some cases they may be made from soft tissues of microscopy. Specimens imaged by bright-field from linear polarising microscopes is thus not easily using an immersion objective lens or by placing a such as cartilage or ligament that subsequently microscopy - usually histological sections - are quantifiable nor always fully interpretable because of glass coverslip with a medium onto the specimen mineralise. -
Fracture in Teeth—A Diagnostic for Inferring Bite Force and Tooth Function Paul J
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Biological Sciences Faculty Research Biological Sciences Spring 4-20-2011 Fracture in teeth—a diagnostic for inferring bite force and tooth function Paul J. Constantino Biological Sciences, [email protected] Brian R. Lawn James J.-W. Lee Peter W. Lucas Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/bio_sciences_faculty Part of the Animal Structures Commons, Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons, Biology Commons, and the Dentistry Commons Recommended Citation Lee JJ-W, Constantino PJ, Lucas PW, Lawn BR. Fracture in teeth – a diagnostic for inferring tooth function and diet. Biological Reviews 86: 959-974. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Biol. Rev. (2011), 86, pp. 959–974. 959 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00181.x Fracture in teeth—a diagnostic for inferring bite force and tooth function James J.-W. Lee1∗,PaulJ.Constantino2,3, Peter W. Lucas2,andBrianR.Lawn1,2 1 Ceramics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA 2 Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA 3 Department of Biology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA ABSTRACT Teeth are brittle and highly susceptible to cracking. We propose that observations of such cracking can be used as a diagnostic tool for predicting bite force and inferring tooth function in living and fossil mammals.