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What Is Mass Movement (Slope Movement)?

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What Is Mass Movement (Slope Movement)? What is mass movement (slope movement)? What is mass movement (slope movement)? Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) What is mass movement (slope movement)? Source: licencja: CC 0, [online], dostępny w internecie: pixabay.com. Link to the lesson Before you start you should know what are the most important minerals; what types of rocks are typically found and what are their formation conditions; You will learn how to define and describe weathering processes; to distinguish different types of weathering; to notice how dangerous may mass movement be. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu On the basis of the textbook write the definitions of the following terms. Topple Landslide Flow Creep Mass movement (mass wasting, slope movement) may occur in any place with inclined land which means majority of land. Loose rocks and products of weathering may move down the slope, influenced by gravitational force. For the movement to occur, there need to be some factors disturbing balance, hitherto maintained along the slope. These may include natural causes, such as seismic shocks, rain, snow, weathering or river wearing away base of the slope. Some movement may be caused by human activity: overloading slopes with any buildings or cutting through inclined landforms by building roads, railways etc. In steep mountains or at some shores, rocks move down suddenly, sometimes even losing contact with the ground below (topple, rockfall). On slopes with lesser inclination, superficial layer of weathered rocks may slip down very slowly (soil creeping) or abruptly if strong liquid precipitation occurs mud flow. There is also a frequent mass movement called landslide. It may occur when a large amount of eluvium or rocks suddenly slides down the skid surface. A sliding layer may have depth reaching a few metres, significant area and weight up to a few millions of tonnes. Geological structure of Carpathians particularly favours emergence of mass movement. Civil engineering structures, transport routes, destruction of vegetation and operation of stone quarries – all these factors weaken integrity of mountain slopes. In such terrain, any abundant liquid precipitation and thus saturation of thick layers of soil cause sudden rise of mud flows (mud avalanches) and other slope processes, therefore posing a serious threat for human life and activity. A distinctive majority of landslides in Poland, namely 95%, occurs in the Carpathian Mountains, however, such movement is also present in other places such as steep slopes in the valleys of Vistula, Bug or Narew, spanning a few tens of metres in length. Task 1 Read about types of mass movement. Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie filmowe przedstawiające eksperyment ruchy mas: Mass Movements. Do eksperymentu użyto pudełko plastikowe, plastic box, ziemię, soil, wodę, water, suszarkę, hair dryer, spryskiwacz, sprinkler. Na początku naukowiec spryskuje ziemię wodą w plastikowym pudełku potem przesuwa ją na jedną stronę pudełka tworząc nasyp. Najpierw polewa ją z góry wodą imitując ulewę, w tym przypadku ziemia osuwa się wraz z ciężarem wody (mudflow), następnie używa z góry suszarki imitując silny wiatr (wind), w tym wypadku wierzchnie warstwy spadają na dół, w kolejnej próbie imituje trzęsienie ziemi (earthquake) potrząsając rękami całe pudełko, w tym wypadku cała ziemia w pudełku przemieszcza się w chaotyczny sposób. Task 2 Explain the way by which natural factors trigger mass movement. Exercise 1 Complete the text below. natural, inclined, gravitaon Superficial mass movement may occur only in a place where land is ....................... Movement of rocks and products of weathering along a slope is caused by ....................... Such movement may occur under ...................... forces or as a result of human acvity. Exercise 2 Complete the table. Creep, Landslide, Rapid disjoint of small grains, single stones or enre rock masses from a very steep slope., Rapid movement of a fluid-like soil down the slope, resulng from intense precipitaon. Type of movement Descripon Creep Rapid disjoint of small grains, single stones or enre rock masses from a very steep slope. Rapid movement of a fluid-like soil down the slope, resulng from intense precipitaon. Landslide Summary Gravitation, land inclination, natural phenomena and human activity may cause mass movement. Keywords mass movement, slope movement, mass wasting, weathering Exercise 3 Match the pairs: English words with Polish definion. przemieszczanie się mas skalnych lub zwietrzeliny pod wpływem siły ciężkości, proces powolnego grawitacyjnego przemieszczania się powierzchniowej warstwy zwietrzeliny wraz z glebą i niekiedy roślinnością, zjawiska polegające na odłączaniu się od skały podłoża całych pakietów, pojedynczych głazów i drobnych ziaren i przemieszczanie się ich w dół bardzo stromych stoków, gwałtowne przemieszczenie się znacznych mas zwietrzeliny lub skał w dół stoku po powierzchni poślizgu pod wpływem siły ciężkości topple, rockfall landslide mass movement soil creeping Glossary topple, rockfall Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: topple, rockfall obryw, odpadanie i osypywanie – zjawiska polegające na odłączaniu się od skały podłoża całych pakietów, pojedynczych głazów i drobnych ziaren i przemieszczanie się ich w dół bardzo stromych stoków landslide Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: landslide osuwisko – gwałtowne przemieszczenie się znacznych mas zwietrzeliny lub skał w dół stoku po powierzchni poślizgu pod wpływem siły ciężkości mass movement Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: mass movement ruchy masowe – przemieszczanie się mas skalnych lub zwietrzeliny pod wpływem siły ciężkości soil creeping Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: soil creeping spełzywanie gruntu – proces powolnego grawitacyjnego przemieszczania się powierzchniowej warstwy zwietrzeliny wraz z glebą i niekiedy roślinnością Lesson plan (Polish) Temat: Co to są powierzchniowe ruchy masowe? Adresat Uczeń klasy I szkoły ponadpodstawowej (zakres rozszerzony), uczeń klasy II szkoły ponadgimnazjalnej (zakres rozszerzony) Podstawa programowa Uczeń klasy I szkoły ponadpodstawowej Wymagania ogólne II. Umiejętności i stosowanie wiedzy w praktyce. 2. Analizowanie i wyjaśnianie zjawisk i procesów geograficznych oraz zróżnicowania przyrodniczego, społeczno‐gospodarczego i kulturowego świata. Wymagania szczegółowe V. Dynamika procesów geologicznych i geomorfologicznych: najważniejsze wydarzenia w dziejach Ziemi, minerały, geneza i wykorzystanie skał, procesy rzeźbotwórcze i ich efekty (wietrzenie, erozja, transport, akumulacja, ruchy masowe), odkrywka geologiczna. Uczeń: 6. wykazuje wpływ czynników przyrodniczych i działalności człowieka na grawitacyjne ruchy masowe i podaje sposoby zapobiegania im oraz minimalizowania ich następstw. Uczeń klasy II szkoły ponadgimnazjalnej Wymagania ogólne I. Dostrzeganie prawidłowości dotyczących środowiska przyrodniczego, życia i gospodarki człowieka oraz wzajemnych powiązań i zależności w systemie człowiek‐przyroda‐gospodarka. Wymagania szczegółowe 5. Sfery Ziemi – litosfera. Uczeń: 8. wykazuje wpływ cech budowy geologicznej i działalności człowieka na grawitacyjne ruchy masowe (obrywanie, spełzywanie, osuwanie). Ogólny cel kształcenia Uczniowie dowiedzą się, czym są powierzchniowe ruchy masowe. Kompetencje kluczowe porozumiewanie się w językach obcych; kompetencje informatyczne; umiejętność uczenia się. Kryteria sukcesu Uczeń nauczy się: wyjaśnisz pojęcie „powierzchniowe ruchy masowe”; podasz i omówisz przykłady powierzchniowych ruchów masowych; wykażesz wpływ czynników przyrodniczych i działalności człowieka na grawitacyjne ruchy masowe i podawać sposoby zapobiegania im oraz minimalizowania ich następstw; podasz przykłady zagrożeń związanych z występowaniem powierzchniowych ruchów masowych. Metody/techniki kształcenia podające pogadanka. aktywizujące dyskusja. programowane z użyciem komputera; z użyciem e‐podręcznika. praktyczne ćwiczeń przedmiotowych. Formy pracy praca indywidualna; praca w parach; praca w grupach; praca całego zespołu klasowego. Środki dydaktyczne e‐podręcznik; tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery. Przebieg zajęć Faza wstępna Prowadzący lekcję określa cel zajęć i wspólnie z uczniami ustala kryteria sukcesu. Nauczyciel inicjuje rozmowę wprowadzającą w temat. Pyta uczniów: Co wiecie o…? Czy kiedykolwiek spotkaliście się z…? Faza realizacyjna Pierwszym etapem lekcji jest samodzielna praca uczniów z e‐podręcznikiem. Uczniowie zapoznają się z lekcją „Co to są powierzchniowe ruchy masowe?” i notują w zeszytach definicje następujących pojęć: ruchy masowe; odpadanie i obryw; spełzywanie; spływ błotny; osuwisko . Nauczyciel uruchamia film przedstawiający proste doświadczenia symulujące powstawanie ruchów masowych na skutek działania czynników naturalnych. Nauczyciel inicjuje dyskusję na temat negatywnych skutków ruchów masowych i niebezpieczeństw związanych ze znalezieniem się w obszarze w którym następują ruchy masowe (np. osuwiska w górach, miejsca w których obrywają się odłamki skalne, miejsca w których nastąpił spływ błotny). Praca całego zespołu klasowego. Uczniowie ustawiają się w okręgu. Nauczyciel zachęca ich do zabawy: rzuca piłkę lub maskotkę do jednego z uczniów, wypowiadając po angielsku słówko‐pojęcie poznane na lekcji. Uczeń podaje polski odpowiednik, wymienia kolejne słówko po angielsku i rzuca piłką lub maskotką do kolegi lub koleżanki. Faza podsumowująca Ostatnim etapem lekcji jest jej podsumowanie,
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