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Inclusive Peace Band 3 / 2019 Inclusive Peace Frauen als Akteurinnen in Friedensprozessen Ursula Werther-Pietsch Schriftenreihe der Landesverteidigungsakademie Schriftenreihe der Landesverteidigungsakademie Ursula Werther-Pietsch From Mention to Change: UNSCR 1325 + 20 Inclusive Peace Frauen als Akteurinnen in Friedensprozessen 3/2019 Wien, März 2019 Impressum: Medieninhaber, Herausgeber, Hersteller: Republik Österreich / Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung Rossauer Lände 1 1090 Wien Redaktion: Landesverteidigungsakademie Institut für Friedenssicherung und Konfliktmanagement Stiftgasse 2a 1070 Wien Schriftenreihe der Landesverteidigungsakademie Copyright: © Republik Österreich / Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung Alle Rechte vorbehalten Jänner 2019 ISBN 978-3-903121-61-4 Druck: ReproZ W 19-1000 Stiftgasse 2a 1070 Wien Inhaltsverzeichnis ÜBERBLICK Appell Kapitel 1 – Einleitung Policy-relevante Konzepte und Entwicklungen Stand der Debatte Definitionen Kapitel 2 – Ziele, Aufbau und Methodik Kapitel 3 – Multilaterale Grundlagen auf dem Prüfstand Stammresolution und 7 Folgeresolutionen WPS-Agenda im „Nexus Geflecht“ Aufgeworfener Regelungsbedarf Kapitel 4 – Empirische Analyse (I) Friedensabkommen Including gender sensitive provisions in peace agreements Kapitel 5 – Empirische Analyse (II) Mediation Recognising women’s expertise as mediators Kapitel 6 – Politikempfehlungen „1325 + 20“ Nationale Ebene Internationale Ebene Praxisbeispiele Dokumente 1 DETAILLIERTES INHALTVERZEICHNIS Vorwort ........................................................................................................... 6 Kurzüberblick ................................................................................................. 8 Abstract ........................................................................................................... 9 Abkürzungsverzeichnis ................................................................................. 10 Abbildungsverzeichnis.................................................................................. 12 Appell ............................................................................................................ 15 „Womenization of Peace“?................................................................................................17 Kapitel 1 – Einleitung ................................................................................... 20 Politikrelevante Konzepte und Entwicklungen .......................................................20 Stand der Debatte .........................................................................................................23 Forschungsrelevante Definitionen ............................................................................26 Kapitel 2 – Zielsetzungen der Studie ............................................................ 32 Forschungsfragen .........................................................................................................32 Aufbau ............................................................................................................................33 Methodik ........................................................................................................................35 Kapitel 3 – Multilaterale Grundlagen auf dem Prüfstand ............................ 36 Genesis der WPS-Agenda ...........................................................................................36 Relevanz von / für Friedensprozesse .......................................................................41 Der „Stamm“ der Resolutionen .................................................................................42 UNSCR 1325 ............................................................................................................42 Die 7 Folgeresolutionen .........................................................................................44 Prinzipien „in a nutshell“ ..........................................................................................46 WPS-Agenda im „Nexus Geflecht“ ..........................................................................47 SDGs und Frauen ....................................................................................................48 Friedensoperationen ................................................................................................52 “Sustained Peace“-Ansatz ..........................................................................................54 Humanitärer Weltgipfel/”HDP” ..........................................................................54 Zwischenergebnis ....................................................................................................56 Aufgeworfener Regelungsbedarf ...............................................................................56 2 Normatives und institutionelles Set-up ............................................................... 56 Wirksames Mainstreaming ........................................................................................ 57 Verhältnis zum Internationalen Krisen- und Konfliktmanagement ............... 58 Handlungsspielraum und lokale Ebene ............................................................... 59 Neuer Schwerpunkt auf Konfliktprävention? .................................................... 61 Impulse für eine Refokussierung ............................................................................... 63 Kapitel 4 - Empirische Analyse (I): Friedensabkommen ............................. 64 “Including gender sensitive provisions in peace agreements” .................... 64 „Normativisierung“ der Inhalte der WPS-Agenda ................................................. 64 Fragen der rechtlichen Klassifikation von Friedensabkommen ...................... 65 Rechtsfolgenproblematik ....................................................................................... 67 Analyse (I) ..................................................................................................................... 69 Kosovo ...................................................................................................................... 70 Kolumbien ................................................................................................................ 71 Beispiele gender-sensitiver Bestimmungen ......................................................... 72 Diskussion (I) ............................................................................................................... 74 Nachhaltiger – unter welchen Bedingungen? ..................................................... 74 Überwindung von normativen Dilemmata durch Drittparteien ..................... 78 Gender-sensitive Friedensabschlüsse ................................................................... 78 Schlussfolgerungen (I) ................................................................................................. 80 Blick voraus (I) ............................................................................................................. 83 Kapitel 5 - Empirische Analyse (II): Mediation ............................................ 84 “Recognising women’s expertise as mediators” ........................................... 84 Von Inklusion zu Mediation ...................................................................................... 84 „Gold Standard“ ...................................................................................................... 85 Analyse (II) ................................................................................................................... 86 Diskussion (II) .............................................................................................................. 89 Formen von Inklusion ............................................................................................ 90 Mediationsbezogene Beobachtungen................................................................... 95 Schlussfolgerungen (II) ............................................................................................... 98 Vorzug für „mindfulness-based“ Friedensvermittlung ........................................... 98 3 Förderliche Bedingungen für weibliche Mediation ............................................98 Blick voraus (II) ......................................................................................................... 100 Kapitel 6 – Politikempfehlungen „1325- + 20“ ............................................102 Quintessenz ................................................................................................................ 102 Nationale Ebene ........................................................................................................ 102 Frauen-sensitives Statebuilding .......................................................................... 102 Aufbau eines frauen-spezifischen Mediationstools ......................................... 103 Internationale Ebene – Positionierung 2020 ........................................................ 104 „10-Punkte Katalog“ ............................................................................................ 104 Modellparagraph ................................................................................................... 105 Literaturverzeichnis .....................................................................................107 Praxisbeispiele ............................................................................................. 118 1. The Inclusion of Women’s Rights and Gender
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