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Bridging Constructivism and Social Constructionism: A Dialogical And Relational Approach To Narrative And Meaning Making Berta Vall Castelló Supervisor: Dr. Lluís Botella García del Cid Image from the title page: it has been created with the Wordle application. This application generates a cloud with the words that appear in one specific section of the text (in our case the introduction section). Following a similar rationale than the one used in the Grounded Theory, the words that appear the most in the text are seen in a bigger size in the cloud of words and vice versa. Since words are the basis of this thesis, we thought that this title page would be the most appropriate. Taking a look at the picture it is possible to figure out a first taste of our own narrative regarding research. TESI DOCTORAL Tittle: Bridging Constructivism And Social Constructionism: A Dialogical And Relational Approach To Narrative And Meaning Making 90) - 02 - úm. 472 (28 472 úm. Written by Berta Vall in the Faculty of Psychology, Educational and Sport Ciencies. Ramón Llull University in the Department of Psychology Supervised by Dr. Lluís Botella García del Cid C.I.F. G: 59069740 Universitat Ramon Lull Fundació Privada. Rgtre. Fund. Generalitat de Catalunya n Catalunya de Generalitat Fund. Rgtre. Privada. Fundació Lull Ramon Universitat 59069740 G: C.I.F. C. Claravall, 1-3 08022 Barcelona Tel. 936 022 200 Fax 936 022 249 E-mail: [email protected] www.url.es Bridging Constructivism and Social Constructionism: A Dialogical and Relational Approach to Narrative and Meaning Making Doctoral Dissertation Berta Vall Castelló July 2013 FPCEE Blanquerna Universitat Ramon Llull Supervisor Dr. Lluís Botella García del Cid CONTENTS CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................15...................... Introduction CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................61...................... Narrative assessment: Differences Between Anxious and Depressed Patients CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................97...................... Making sense of Immigration Processes: Overcoming Narrative Disruption CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................133...................... Complexities of Dialogue in Therapy for Intimate Partner Violence: Addressing the Issue of Psychological Violence CHAPTER 5 ................................................................................................183.................... Increasing Responsibility, Safety, and Trust through a Dialogical Approach: a Case Study in Couple Therapy for Psychological Abusive Behavior CHAPTER 6 ................................................................................................233.................... Conclusions CHAPTER 7 ................................................................................................253.................... Closing Remarks REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ LIST OF TABLES LIST OF TABLES Table 1. The Narrative Assessment Grid................................................................78 ............. Table 2. NA-Grid scorings’ distribution on each narrative dimension of both groups (A & B) ................................................................................................82 ........... Table 3. Na-Grid scorings’ percentage comparison of groups A & B in each narrative dimension ................................................................................................84 ... Table 4. Biographical Grid: Means of Both Groups in Each Dimension .............................115 Table 5. Biographical Grid: Significance of the Means of Both Groups in each Dimension ................................................................................................116 .................. Table 6. Narratives Analysis: Ratings on Changes in Intersections of Each Chapter ................................................................................................119..................... Table 7. Results of the Grounded Theory: Adjectives used in the Narratives ................................................................................................121.......................... Table 8. Results of the Grounded Theory: Adjectives according their Connotation ................................................................................................122....................... Table 9. Dimensions Analyzed and Percentage Results for Each Session ..........................152 Table 10. NPCS General Percentages for Sessions 2 and 3 ................................159 .............. Table 11. NPCS and DIHC Percentage Results for Sessions 2 and 3 ................................163 LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Intelligibility/Narrative form ................................................................88 ............... Figure 2. Narrative Position of the Self ................................................................89 .............. Figure 3. Example of the Rating Included in the Sketch at the End of Each Chapter ................................................................................................113 .......... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This is probably the best part of the thesis, having the opportunity to thank all the diverse people that has mentored, helped, inspired and supported me in many different ways, and without whom this thesis wouldn’t have been possible. First of all, I want to thank my supervisor, Lluís. We know each other for around seven years now. I remember how inspiring it was to have you in class, it was the first time I heard about constructivism and I got totally amazed for this theory, which (I still think that nowadays) suits my view of the world so well. You were my supervisor in the research project in the second year of the Bachelor’s, and ever since then I have done all the research projects with you. So, thank you for discovering me this cosmovision. I also wanted to thank you for your help and support through all these years, and for giving me the opportunity to attend several congresses with you which have helped me to become part of the research community. Second, I want to thank my research group “Research Group in Psychology, Person and Context” for their help and inspiration. Most of the members have also been my teachers during my Bachelors and Masters studies, and day-by-day their enthusiasm has permeated in me. Third, I strongly want to thank Jaakko for receiving me in Jyväskylä and for giving me the opportunity to work with him and his research group. It has been a great experience and it has given me the opportunity to learn about the Dialogical approach, which seemed to me very interesting. Furthermore, it has enriched my understanding of psychology. Your supervision and guidance has been very inspiring, and I hope we can collaborate further in the future. Thanks also to Aarno for his time and help, I hope our collaborations will continue in the future. I also want to thank all the people that have collaborated in this research, the patients in the SAAP, the teenagers who always treated me so well, and the couple in Finland, thanks to all of them to make this research possible. Finally, last but not least, I want to thank my friends (Viole and Laura) and to my family, who has always supported me during this unstable period of the writing up of the thesis, as well as during my whole life in general (sometimes it seems you don’t have life outside the thesis). Thanks to my father and all his family, thanks to my cousin, Sandra, who is like my soulmate, thanks to my grandparents who have always been very present in my life, thanks to Carles for rising me like his daughter, but above all, thanks to the most important persons in my life: my sister, Judit, and my mother, both of them successful researchers; what other path could I have taken if it was not the research one? Thank you for your help, your advices, and basically, thank you for your love, I know I can always count on you. Finally, thanks to Sergi for his patience with me and my “research” crisis, thanks for being always next to me (even in Finland!), but especially thank you for your happiness, which makes my life so joyful. I know we will do great things together! INTRODUCTION 15 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION (…) We are beings in transit, and airports are an adequate metaphor of the post-modern times we are living. They are transient points of arrival and a privileged space for departing in various directions. Psychotherapy can be understood as the boarding gate. In an airport there are no correct or wrong flights, there is just a multiplicity of proposals. The quality of an airport, as the quality of psychotherapy, depends on the multiplicity of routes that it enables. Gonçalves (1995a). The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of human meaning making processes and their relation to psychological 16 CHAPTER ONE well-being. This contribution is drawn from constructivist, and social constructionist approaches, heavily relying on narrative theory. Although constructivist and social constructionist approaches share the basic assumption that meaning making processes are embedded and constructed in interaction in specific sociocultural contexts, both paradigms differ
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