Non-Nvc Vegetation Types Found by Ben and Alison Averis 2020-06
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The Annals of Scottish Natural History." GEORGE HENDERSON, London
RETURN TO LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY WOODS HOLE, MASS. LOANED BY AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY The Annals OF Scottish Natural History A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED Baturaltet EDITED BY J. A. HARVIE-BROWN, F.R.S.E., F.Z.S. MEMBER OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION JAMES W. H. TRAIL, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN AND WILLIAM EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., MEM. BRIT. ORN. UNION NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENT, MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART, EDINBURGH EDINBURGH DAVID DOUGLAS, CASTLE STREET LONDON: R. H. PORTER, 7 PRINCES ST., CAVENDISH SQUARE The Annals of Scottish Natural History No. 21] 1897 [JANUARY THE LATE PROFESSOR THOMAS KING. THOMAS KING was born on the I4th April 1834, at Yardfoot, Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire, a farm which was owned and occupied by his father. He received his early education in a small school in the village of Glenhead. He was destined to be a teacher, and in 1855, after the sale of his birthplace, and the removal of the family to Glasgow, he entered the Normal Training College of the Free Church of Scotland. The early bent of his mind revealed itself in his attendance on the class of Botany in that Institution. In 1862 he was appointed teacher of English in the Garnet Bank Academy, where, in addition to the ordinary subjects, he taught an advanced class of Botany. The work of the session, however, proved too much for his strength, which had never been robust, and he was obliged to relinquish the position. -
Handbook of Grasses, Treating of Their Structure, Classification
Young collector ."9' 910 JAN: W„HUTCHINSON ONE SEIinNG BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New York State Colleges OF Agriculture and Human Ecology AT Cornell University Cornell University Library QK 495.G74H97 1910 •'e''*'"9 Handbook of grasses, "UJimirn^' 3 1924 001 738 933 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924001738933 Poa annua, the Annual Meadow-grass ; flowering. This Book is now publislitd by GEORGE ALLEN' & UNWIN, LTD. Ruskiii House, 40, MUSEUM STREET, LONDON^ W.C. Poa anmia, the Annual Meadow-grassj floweidns HANDBOOK OF GRASSES TREATING OF THEIR STRUCTURE, CLASSIFICATION, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND USES ALSO DESCRIBING THE BRITISH SPECIES AND THEIR HABITATS BY WILLIAM HUTCHINSON XonOon SONNENSCHEIN & CO., Lim. , SWAN New York : THE MACMILLAN CO. igio Edition, March iSgg; Third Edition igob; First Edition, SeftembeiiSgs; Second Fourth Edition, igio. PREFACE Grasses are in three respects a remarkable family : they possess many structural peculiarities which sharply define them from all other kinds of plants ; they are so abundant and widely diffused as to constitute the dominant feature of the landscape, not only in our own, but in most other coun- tries j and lastly, no other Order can at all compare with the Gramineffi in the variety and magnitude of their uses. Yet the study of grasses, so far from being popular, is shunned by many botanists in the belief that it is beset with unusual difficulties ; farmers and graziers, to whom the cereal and forage grasses are all in all, have rarely a scientific acquaintance with them ; while those observers of Nature, not particularly iriterested in either botany or agriculture, are hardly able to recognize two or three among the many species which everywhere abound. -
Representation of Tundra Vegetation by Pollen in Lake Sediments of Northern Alaska W
Journal of Biogeography, 30, 521–535 Representation of tundra vegetation by pollen in lake sediments of northern Alaska W. Wyatt Oswald1,2*, Patricia M. Anderson2, Linda B. Brubaker1, Feng Sheng Hu3 and Daniel R. Engstrom41College of Forest Resources, 2Quaternary Research Center, Box 351360, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA, 3Departments of Biology and Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA and 4St Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, St Croix, MN, USA Abstract Aim To understand better the representation of arctic tundra vegetation by pollen data, we analysed pollen assemblages and pollen accumulation rates (PARs) in the surface sediments of lakes. Location Modern sediment samples were collected from seventy-eight lakes located in the Arctic Foothills and Arctic Coastal Plain regions of northern Alaska. Methods For seventy of the lakes, we analysed pollen and spores in the upper 2 cm of the sediment and calculated the relative abundance of each taxon (pollen percentages). For eleven of the lakes, we used 210Pb analysis to determine sediment accumulation rates, and analysed pollen in the upper 10–15 cm of the sediment to estimate modern PARs. Using a detailed land-cover map of northern Alaska, we assigned each study site to one of five tundra types: moist dwarf-shrub tussock-graminoid tundra (DST), moist graminoid prostrate-shrub tundra (PST) (coastal and inland types), low-shrub tundra (LST) and wet graminoid tundra (WGT). Results Mapped pollen percentages and multivariate comparison of the pollen data using discriminant analysis show that pollen assemblages vary along the main north– south vegetational and climatic gradients. -
Molecular Phylogeny of Chinese Thuidiaceae with Emphasis on Thuidium and Pelekium
Molecular Phylogeny of Chinese Thuidiaceae with emphasis on Thuidium and Pelekium QI-YING, CAI1, 2, BI-CAI, GUAN2, GANG, GE2, YAN-MING, FANG 1 1 College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. 2 College of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, China. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We present molecular phylogenetic investigation of Thuidiaceae, especially on Thudium and Pelekium. Three chloroplast sequences (trnL-F, rps4, and atpB-rbcL) and one nuclear sequence (ITS) were analyzed. Data partitions were analyzed separately and in combination by employing MP (maximum parsimony) and Bayesian methods. The influence of data conflict in combined analyses was further explored by two methods: the incongruence length difference (ILD) test and the partition addition bootstrap alteration approach (PABA). Based on the results, ITS 1& 2 had crucial effect in phylogenetic reconstruction in this study, and more chloroplast sequences should be combinated into the analyses since their stability for reconstructing within genus of pleurocarpous mosses. We supported that Helodiaceae including Actinothuidium, Bryochenea, and Helodium still attributed to Thuidiaceae, and the monophyletic Thuidiaceae s. lat. should also include several genera (or species) from Leskeaceae such as Haplocladium and Leskea. In the Thuidiaceae, Thuidium and Pelekium were resolved as two monophyletic groups separately. The results from molecular phylogeny were supported by the crucial morphological characters in Thuidiaceae s. lat., Thuidium and Pelekium. Key words: Thuidiaceae, Thuidium, Pelekium, molecular phylogeny, cpDNA, ITS, PABA approach Introduction Pleurocarpous mosses consist of around 5000 species that are defined by the presence of lateral perichaetia along the gametophyte stems. Monophyletic pleurocarpous mosses were resolved as three orders: Ptychomniales, Hypnales, and Hookeriales (Shaw et al. -
SY000646.Pdf
SITE SYNOPSIS Site Name: Galtee Mountains SAC Site Code: 000646 Situated in east Limerick and south Tipperary, the Galtee Mountains are Ireland's highest range of inland mountains. Galtymore has an elevation of 920 m and the main ridge, mostly above 700 m, extends approximately 10 km from east to west. The mountains are derived from folding of Old Red Sandstone and Silurian rocks. Heath is the main vegetation type within the site, with significant amounts of humid grassland and blanket bog occurring also. There is a series of small corrie lakes on the northern side of the mountain range, and the site encompasses the headstreams of numerous tributaries of the river Suir. The cliffs above the corries support arctic- alpine vegetation and the site as a whole supports several notable Irish rarities. The site is a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes): [4010] Wet Heath [4030] Dry Heath [4060] Alpine and Subalpine Heaths [6230] Species-rich Nardus Grassland* [7130] Blanket Bogs (Active)* [8110] Siliceous Scree [8210] Calcareous Rocky Slopes [8220] Siliceous Rocky Slopes In areas of dry heath Heather (Calluna vulgaris) dominates the vegetation, with Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) also common. This habitat type often grades into wet heath and alpine/subalpine heath. It is probably best developed on the steeper slopes. Additional species recorded from the areas of alpine/subalpine heath include Dwarf Willow (Salix herbacea), Heath Bedstraw (Galium saxatile), Hare’s-tail Cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum), Great Wood-rush (Luzula sylvatica) and Starry Saxifrage (Saxifraga stellaris), amongst others. -
HEATHERCOMBE WOODLANDS: PLANT LIST 2006 Planted Conifers, Ornamental Specimen Trees and Garden Plants Are Excluded
HEATHERCOMBE WOODLANDS: PLANT LIST 2006 Planted conifers, ornamental specimen trees and garden plants are excluded. Location Key H = Heathercombe Valley (O) = Open Ground (incl. Fields, Orchard, Parkland & Moorland) (B) = Broadleaf & Ornamental Woodland (incl. Native Woodland & Scrub) (C) = Conifer Plantations BW = Badger/Vogwell Wood LB = Little Badger/Vogwell Wood LL = Lower Langdon G = Gratnar Wood JG = Jay's Grave Family Common name Latin Name Location Horsetails and Ferns. Bracken Pteridium aquilinum H O B C BW LL G JG Broad Buckler-fern Dryopteris dilatata H O B C BW LB LL G JG Hard-fern Blechnum spicant H O B C BW LB LL G Hart's-tongue Phyllitis scolopendrium H B Lady-fern Athyrium filix- femina H O B C LB G JG Lemon-scented Fern Oreopteris limbosperma H B BW Maidenhair Asplenium Spleenwort trichomanes H Male-fern Dryopteris filix- mas H O B C BW LL JG Marsh Horsetail Equisetum palustre LL G Polypody Polypodium vulgare H B G JG Royal Fern Osmunda regalis H B Scaly Male-fern Dryopteris affinis H O B C BW LL Soft Shield-fern Polystichum setiferum H C Trees, Shrubs and Woody Climbers. Alder Alnus glutinosa H O B LB LL G Ash Fraxinus excelsior H O B C LB LL G JG Aspen Populus tremula LB Beech Fagus sylvatica H O B C BW G JG Bell Heather Erica cinerea H O Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus H B C JG Black Currant Ribes nigrum H C Blackthorn Prunus spinosa H O C BW LL G Bramble Rubus H O B C LL G JG fruticosus agg. -
Here Is Glaucum) Looks Like Tiny Pine Seedlings on This Disturbed Soil Along Forest Edge
Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program informationinformation forfor thethe conservationconservation ofof biodiversitybiodiversity Wild Heritage News January—March 2014 Bryophytes and Lichens of Dry Oak Heath Forest Communities Inside This Issue by Scott Schuette Bryophytes and Pg 1 Lichens Pennsylvania is flush with a diversity of biodiversity ripe for exploration if one just Edge of Range Pg 4 forest communities, some garnering looks a little bit closer at the smaller Species special attention due to the quality of organisms living within this forest plant diversity and others for the community. Preserving Records Pg 6 hardwood resources they provide. The of our Work dry oak heath forests fall into the latter Bryophytes and lichens are present in category. These forest communities are every forest community, regardless of size Notes from the Pg 7 found throughout the state occurring on and condition. It is well-documented that Field moderately dry to xeric, acidic sites that bryophytes and lichens are sensitive to Measures of Pg 12 usually have shallow or sometimes sandy human disturbance and, as a result, have Progress soils. The dominant tree canopy is been used as indicators of habitat quality. chestnut oak (Quercus montana) mixed These organisms tend to live on the trees with black oak (Quercus velutina), white and shrubs as epiphytes (rootless, oak (Quercus alba), and red maple (Acer independent living plants), but they can rubrum). Other tree species that are also completely cover boulders or reside commonly present in the subcanopy Photo Banner: include sassafras (Sassafras albidum), Scott Schuette sweet birch (Betula lenta), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), and eastern white pine The stair-step moss (Pinus strobus). -
Plant List Spring Summer Autumn Spring Summer Autumn
Plant list Spring Summer Autumn Spring Summer Autumn Angelica Wild Bitter-vetch Angelica sylvestris x x Lathyrus linifolius x x Arrowgrass Marsh Blinks Triglochin palustre x x Montia fontana x Asphodel Bog Bluebell Narthecium ossifragum x Hyacinthoides non-scripta x x Bedstraw Heath Bracken Galium saxatile x Pteridium aquilinum x x Bedstraw Marsh Bramble Galium palustre x Rubus fruticosus x x Bird’s foot trefoil Common Bristly Oxtongue Lotus corniculatus x Helminthotheca echioides x Bird’s foot trefoil Greater Buckler-fern Broad Lotus pedunculatus x x x Dryopteris dilatata x x Bistort Alpine Buttercup Bulbous Persicaria vivipara x Ranunculus bulbosus Bitter-cress Wavy Buttercup Creeping Cardamine flexuosa x x x Ranunculus repens x x x Spring Summer Autumn Spring Summer Autumn Buttercup Meadow Club-rush Bristle Ranunculus acris x x x Isolepis setacea x x Butterfly-orchid Greater Cock’s Foot Platanthera chlorantha x Dactylis glomerata x Butterwort Common Corn Spurrey Pinguicula vularis x Spergula arvensis x Canary Grass Reed Cornflower Phalaris arundinacea x x Centaurea cyanus x Cat’s Ear Cotton-grass Common Hypochaeris radicata x x Eriophorum angustifolium x x Challock Cotton-grass Hare’s-tail Sinapis arvensis x Eriophorum vaginatum x Chickweed Common Cow Parsley Stellaria media x Anthriscus sylvestris x Cleavers Crested Dog’s Tail Galium aparine x Cynosurus cristatus x x Clover White Cuckooflower Trifolium repens x x Cardamine pratensis x x Clover Red Cudweed Marsh Trifolium pratense x x Gnaphalium uliginosum x x Clover Zigzag Daisy Trifolium -
1 Anleitung Für Die Geographische Artendatenbank Nachdem Sie Die
Anleitung für die geographische Artendatenbank Nachdem Sie die Anwendung gestartet haben, können Sie mit den entsprechenden Werkzeugen zur gewünschten geographischen Lage finden. Im linken Auswahlmenü wählen Sie bitte "Artenfunde digitalisieren". Mit dem Button können Sie einen Punkt in die Karte setzen. Bitte beachten Sie unbedingt, dass bevor ein Punkt gesetzt wird alles geladen ist. Es müssen ungefähr 1,4 MB (Artenliste mit ca. 19.000 Arten) geladen werden. Links erscheint dann ein Disketten Symbol . Nach klick auf das Symbol erscheint ein Fenster, in dem die erforderlichen Angaben einzutragen sind. Die Felder bis „Ort des Fundes“ sind Pflichtfelder, hier müssen unbedingt Eingaben gemacht werden. 1 Die Eingabe über Autor und E-Mail des Autors sowie Bemerkungen sollten ebenso eingegeben werden. Diese Angaben werden in der Datenbank gespeichert, jedoch nicht veröffentlicht. Diese Angaben dienen intern dazu, die Wertigkeit der Eingaben beurteilen zu können. Es stehen z.B. beim "Artenname" Pulldown-Listen zur Verfügung, dadurch wird eine einheitliche Eingabe garantiert. Es stehen ca. 19.000 Arten zur Verfügung. Sollte es für eine Art keinen deutschen Namen geben, steht der wissenschaftliche Name zur Verfügung. Die Liste ist alphabetisch sortiert. Außerdem werden in der Liste keine ü,ö,ä und ß verwendet. Die Namen werden mit Umlauten geschrieben. Die vollständige Liste finden Sie im Anhang zu dieser Anleitung. Das Datum ist im Format JJJJ-MM-TT (z.B. 2012-01-27) einzugeben. Das wäre der 27. Januar 2012. Beenden Sie alle Eingaben durch drücken auf "Speichern". Während Ihrer aktuellen Internetsitzung haben Sie die Möglichkeit mit dem Button die Eingabe des Datensatzes wieder aus der Datenbank zu löschen. -
Carex of New England
Field Guide to Carex of New England Lisa A. Standley A Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club About the Author: Lisa A. Standley is an environmental consultant. She obtained a B.S, and M.S. from Cornell University and Ph.D. from the University of Washington. She has published several articles on the systematics of Carex, particularly Section Phacocystis, and was the author of several section treatments in the Flora of North America. Cover Illustrations: Pictured are Carex pensylvanica and Carex intumescens. Field Guide to Carex of New England Lisa A. Standley Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club Copyright © 2011 Lisa A. Standley Acknowledgements This book is dedicated to Robert Reed, who first urged me to write a user-friendly guide to Carex; to the memory of Melinda F. Denton, my mentor and inspiration; and to Tony Reznicek, for always sharing his expertise. I would like to thank all of the people who helped with this book in so many ways, particularly Karen Searcy and Robert Bertin for their careful editing; Paul Somers, Bruce Sorrie, Alice Schori, Pam Weatherbee, and others who helped search for sedges; Arthur Gilman, Melissa Dow Cullina, and Patricia Swain, who carefully read early drafts of the book; and to Emily Wood, Karen Searcy, and Ray Angelo, who provided access to the herbaria at Harvard University, the University of Massachusetts, and the New England Botanical Club. CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................................1 -
Atlantic Woodlands in the Lake District Mosses & Liverworts
LIVERWORTS generally have two rows of leaves, one up each side of the stem We are Plantlife Further information For over 25 years, Plantlife has had a single ideal Bazzania trilobata Greater whipwort Plagiochila spinulosa Prickly featherwort – to save and celebrate wild flowers, plants and Books fungi. They are the life support for all our wildlife Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland: A Field Guide 3 and their colour and character light up our by Ian Atherton, Sam Bosanquet and Mark Lawley (British landscapes. But without our help, this priceless Bryological Society, 2010). The best field guide. 2 natural heritage is in danger of being lost. The Liverwort Flora of the British Isles by Jean Paton (Harley 3 Books, 1999). An in-depth guide to liverwort identification, From the open spaces of our nature reserves to for more advanced bryologists. the corridors of government, we work nationally The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland by A J E Smith and internationally to raise their profile, (2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 2004). 1 celebrate their beauty and to protect their future. An in-depth guide to liverwort identification, for more advanced bryologists. 2 Mosses and Liverworts by Ron Porley and Nick Hodgetts Where wild plants lead (Collins New Naturalist series, Harper Collins, 2005). Habitat Often forming dense, mounded colonies on earth banks and around tree bases; also on boulders, rotten wood and Habitat In loose mats or dense cushions on trees and rock faces, often close to rivers and streams. Wildlife follows A highly readable account of moss and liverwort ecology occasionally on tree trunks. -
<I>Sphagnum</I> Peat Mosses
ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/evo.12547 Evolution of niche preference in Sphagnum peat mosses Matthew G. Johnson,1,2,3 Gustaf Granath,4,5,6 Teemu Tahvanainen, 7 Remy Pouliot,8 Hans K. Stenøien,9 Line Rochefort,8 Hakan˚ Rydin,4 and A. Jonathan Shaw1 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 2Current Address: Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe, Illinois 60022 3E-mail: [email protected] 4Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen¨ 18D, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden 5School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada 6Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden 7Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland 8Department of Plant Sciences and Northern Research Center (CEN), Laval University Quebec, Canada 9Department of Natural History, Norwegian University of Science and Technology University Museum, Trondheim, Norway Received March 26, 2014 Accepted September 23, 2014 Peat mosses (Sphagnum)areecosystemengineers—speciesinborealpeatlandssimultaneouslycreateandinhabitnarrowhabitat preferences along two microhabitat gradients: an ionic gradient and a hydrological hummock–hollow gradient. In this article, we demonstrate the connections between microhabitat preference and phylogeny in Sphagnum.Usingadatasetof39speciesof Sphagnum,withan18-locusDNAalignmentandanecologicaldatasetencompassingthreelargepublishedstudies,wetested