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Uniaxial Tensile and Creep Behavior of Omnisil Membranes in Membrane Based Wet Electrostatic Precipitator

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Uniaxial Tensile and Creep Behavior of Omnisil Membranes in Membrane Based Wet Electrostatic Precipitator UNIAXIAL TENSILE AND CREEP BEHAVIOR OF OMNISIL MEMBRANES IN MEMBRANE BASED WET ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR A thesis presented to the faculty of the Russ College of Engineering and Technology of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Pavan Kumar Valavala August 2005 © 2005 Pavan Kumar Valavala All Rights Reserved This thesis entitled UNIAXIAL TENSILE AND CREEP BEHAVIOR OF OMNISIL MEMBRANES IN MEMBRANE BASED WET ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR BY PAVAN KUMAR VALAVALA has been approved for the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Russ College of Engineering and Technology by David J. Bayless Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Dennis Irwin Dean, Russ College of Engineering and Technology VALAVALA, PAVAN K. M.S. August 2005. Mechanical Engineering Uniaxial Tensile And Creep Behavior Of Omnisil Membranes In Membrane Based Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (140 pp.) Director of Thesis: David J. Bayless ElectroStatic Precipitators (ESP) are widely used in coal fired power plants for control of particulate matter and other toxic gases. Traditionally, ESP’s used metal plates as collecting surfaces for capture of particles in flue gas. However, back corona and re- entrainment of particles into flue gases hinder with the performance of ESP in collection of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Metal plate ESP’s also suffer from problems due to corrosion. Researchers at Ohio University developed a patented wet membrane based ESP to overcomes these difficulties. Wet membrane based ESP replaces the metal collecting surfaces with woven fabrics. Omnisil 1000, a silica fabric (98.5% silica), is found to be suitable for this application. The replacement of metal collecting plates with fabric requires application of tensile loads on the fabric during operation of ESP. A study of tensile and creep behavior is presented. A test facility for uniaxial tension and creep testing of Omnisil fabric is developed. The uniaxial tensile behavior of the fabric is typical to plain woven fabrics and the failure strength bears a linear relation to fabric width. The creep elongation of the fabric is negligible in the experimental conditions. Approved: David J. Bayless Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Dedicated to my parents, Ganapathi Rao and Saraswathi Valavala Acknowledgements Before getting into thick of things, I would like to express heart felt words to the people who were a part of this research in numerous ways, people who showed unrelenting support during my work at Ohio University. My sincere thanks to Dr. David J. Bayless, for advising me on academic and personal issues throughout my master’s program; to Dr. Ben J. Stuart and Dr. Gregory G. Kremer for their valuable advice and guidance on numerous occasions and for accepting to be on my thesis committee. I am also indebted to Dr. Frank F. Kraft for his valuable advice on a variety of topics. I am grateful to all the staff and students working at Ohio Coal Research Center (OCRC) for their support and assistance at various stages of this research. I would also like to thank many researchers and friends for their advice and encouragement. I would like to express my appreciation for all the readers of this manuscript, who I hope will find it useful and carry on the work with same dedication and integrity I have valued in all above mentioned people. Finally, I wish to express my deepest gratitude and indebtedness to my family for supporting and encouraging me to pursue my dreams. vii Table of Contents Page Abstract.............................................................................................................................. iv Dedication............................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements............................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures.................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1 Introduction .........................................................................................................1 1.1 Pollution Health Risks ......................................................................................3 1.2 Particulate Air Pollution ...................................................................................4 1.3 Pollution: Trends and Predictions.....................................................................7 1.4 Technologies in Pollution Control....................................................................9 1.5 Wet Membrane ESP........................................................................................10 1.6 Research Objective .........................................................................................12 1.7 Significance of Membrane Creep in ESP.......................................................12 Chapter 2 Literature Review..............................................................................................15 2.1 Air Pollution Control Techniques...................................................................15 2.2 Electrostatic Precipitation ...............................................................................15 2.3 Woven Fabric Mechanical Behavior ..............................................................22 2.4 Load-Extension Behavior of Woven Fabrics..................................................22 2.5 Modeling Techniques for Prediction of Tensile Behavior..............................23 2.6 Short Term Tests.............................................................................................26 2.7 Long Term Tensile Testing ............................................................................32 2.8 Creep Testing with Discrete Load Increments................................................32 2.9 Relations between Creep Compliance and Stress relaxation Modulus...........34 2.10 Accelerated Creep Testing............................................................................35 2.11 OmniSil.........................................................................................................37 viii Chapter 3 Experimental Methodology...............................................................................38 3.1 Tensile Tests on Omnisil ................................................................................38 3.2 Tinius-Olsen Machine ....................................................................................39 3.3 Yarn Tensile Test............................................................................................40 3.4 Strip Tensile Test ............................................................................................41 3.5 Plane Strain Test ............................................................................................43 3.6 Tensile Tests on MTS Machine ......................................................................44 3.7 Plane Strain Tests on MTS .............................................................................48 3.8 Creep Test on Omnisil.....................................................................................50 3.9 Creep Test Set-up............................................................................................53 3.10 Mullen Burst Tests........................................................................................64 Chapter 4 Results and Discussions ....................................................................................67 4.1 Yarn Tensile Tests ..........................................................................................67 4.2 Strip Tensile Tests on Tinius-Olsen................................................................68 4.3 Short Term Uniaxial Tensile Tests on MTS...................................................70 4.4 Short Term Plane Strain Testing.....................................................................79 4.5 Transducers in Creep Tests.............................................................................81 4.6 Creep Tests: 8% Rupture Strength..................................................................84 4.7 Mullen Burst Tests..........................................................................................87 4.8 Creep Tests: 4% Rupture Strength..................................................................88 4.9 Creep Master Curves.......................................................................................93 4.10 Interpretation of Results................................................................................94 4.11 Voltage-Deformation Relations....................................................................98 Chapter 5 Conclusions .....................................................................................................101 5.1 Yarn Tensile Tests ........................................................................................101 5.2 Strip Tensile Tests.........................................................................................102 5.3 Plane Strain Tension Tests............................................................................104 5.4 Failure of Creep Samples..............................................................................105 ix 5.5 Modulus-Time Behavior of Viscoelastic Material
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