Belg. J. Zool., 140 (Suppl.): 155-190 July 2010

Parasites of reef : how much do we know? With a bibliography of fish parasites in

Jean-Lou Justine

(1) UMR 7138 Systématique, Adaptation, Évolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57, rue Cuvier, F-75321 Paris Cedex 05, France (2) Aquarium des lagons, B.P. 8185, 98807 Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie

Corresponding author: Jean-Lou Justine; e-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT. A compilation of 107 references dealing with fish parasites in New Caledonia permitted the production of a parasite-host list and a host-parasite list. The lists include Turbellaria, , , , , Nematoda, Copepoda, , Acanthocephala and Hirudinea, with 580 host-parasite combinations, corresponding with more than 370 of parasites. Protozoa are not included. Platyhelminthes are the major group, with 239 species, including 98 monopisthocotylean monogeneans and 105 digeneans. include 61 records, and include 41 records. The list of fish recorded with parasites includes 195 species, in which most (ca. 170 species) are coral reef associated, the rest being a few deep-sea, pelagic or freshwater . The serranids, lethrinids and lutjanids are the most commonly represented fish families. Although a list of published records does not provide a reliable estimate of biodiversity because of the important bias in publications being mainly in the domain of interest of the authors, it provides a basis to compare parasite biodiversity with other localities, and especially with other coral reefs. The present list is probably the most complete published account of parasite biodiversity of coral reef fishes. However, it is estimated that the present state of knowledge (370 parasite species) represents only 2% of the possible number of metazoan parasites of fish present in a coral reef environment.

KEYWORDS: Check lists, parasite-hostlist, host-parasit list, biodiversity

RESUME: Une compilation de 107 références traitant de parasites de poissons en Nouvelle-Calédonie a permis de produire une liste parasites-hôtes et une liste hôtes-parasites. Les listes incluent des Turbellaria, Monopisthocotylea, Polyopisthocotylea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Copepoda, Isopoda, Acanthocephala et Hirudinea, avec 580 combinaisons hôtes-parasites, correspondant à plus de 370 es­ pèces de parasites. Les Protozoa ne sont pas inclus. Les Plathelminthes sont le groupe le plus important avec 239 espèces, y compris 98 monogènes Monopisthocotylea et 105 digènes. Les copépodes incluent 61 mentions, et les nématodes 41. La liste des poissons mention­ nés avec des parasites inclut 195 espèces, parmi lesquels la plupart (environ 170 espèces) sont associées aux récifs coralliens, le reste étant quelques espèces de mer profonde, pélagiques ou d’eau douce. Les , et Lutjanidae sont les familles les plus repré­ sentées. Bien qu’une liste de mentions publiées ne fournisse pas une estimation fiable de la biodiversité à cause du biais important des publications, qui sont produites principalement dans les domaines d’intérêt des auteurs, elle fonne une base pour comparer la biodiversité parasitaire avec d’autres localités, et surtout avec d’autres récifs coralliens. Cette liste est probablement la plus complète publiée pour la biodiversité parasitaire des poissons des récifs coralliens. Toutefois, on estime que l’état actuel de nos connaissances (370 espèces de para­ sites) ne représente que 2% du nombre possible de parasites métazoaires de poissons présents dans l’environnement des récifs coralliens.

INTRODUCTION vertebrates and large to be identified with preci­ sion. Coral reefs are areas of great biodiversity (R e a k a -K u d l a , In this study, I attempt to evaluate what is currently 1997). The lagoon around the mainland of New Caledonia known about the fauna of fish parasites in New Caledonia, is the largest coral lagoon in the World and its fauna is pro­ and to estimate the extent of our current knowledge in com­ bably one of the best know n, with 8,299 metazoan species parison to a total, exhaustive (and probably impossible to recorded and identified, including 1,694 in-shore fishes reach) inventory of the parasite fauna. (F r ic k e & K u l b ic k i , 2007). Thus, New Caledonia is a good example of coral reef biodiversity and results obtained at MATERIALS AND METHODS this location provide a basis for comparison with other coral reef enviromnents. The present evaluation is based only on published re­ Parasites generally represent a neglected compartment of cords. Although every effort has been made to compile a diversity, because they are small, hidden on or within their complete list, it is still possible that a few references have hosts, and need more detailed observation and preparation than been overlooked. Among the studies of fish parasites in 156 Jean-Lou Justine

New Caledonia, a major work was the study on digeneans numerical importance of each parasitic group. Platyhelmin­ by Manter, who came for three weeks in 1963 and then thes is the major group with 240 species, representing 65% described more than 40 species (D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a, of the total number of species, followed by copepods (61 b, 1969; M a n t e r , 1969). Unfortunately, many fishes from records, 16%) and nematodes (41 records, 11%). Monopist­ which Manter collected digeneans were not identified to the hocotylean monogeneans, with 98 species, include only 4 species level. The vernacular New Caledonian names used families (Ancyrocephalidae, Capsalidae, and by Manter have been ‘translated’ into binomials (J u s t in e , Monocotylidae) but diplectanids alone include 58 species. 2007a). A number of papers by various authors on various Digeneans include 20 families and 105 species; the most groups and mainly based on the Australian fauna, include speciose families are the (18 species) and He­ records from New Caledonia. The present author began a miuridae (17). Nematodes include 9 families; the most spe­ detailed study of fish parasites in 2003 and collected spe­ ciose families are the Camallanidae (10 species) and Philo­ cimens from all groups; most recent papers have benefited metridae (9). from these collections. Host names have been updated using Table 2 (the host-parasite list) includes 195 fish species FishBase (F r o e s e & P a u l y , 2009). Papers with insufficient with parasites recorded. This includes 14 elasmobranch levels of taxonomic identification (M o r a n d et al., 2000; Sa- and 181 teleost species. The families with the most species SAL et al., 2007) are not included within the lists. mentioned with parasites are the serranids (30), lethrinids Table 1 includes a parasite-host list, in which all parasites (16), lutjanids (15) and chaetodontids (15). The fish species recorded are listed in taxonomical order (and alphabetical with the highest nmnbers of published parasite species are order within each group) and their fish host is indicated. the balistid fuscus (12 species), the lethrinid Monogeneans have been separated as Monopisthocotylea nebulosus (13), and the serranids and Polyopisthocotylea, because these two groups are gene­ fasciatus (15), E. maculatus (16), and E. cyanopodus (31). rally very different in size and are easily distinguished at the Exhaustive counts of parasite species have been attempted time of collection, and also because doubts about the monop- previously for a few species of serranids (Table 4). Although hyly of monogeneans (J u s t in e , 1998;P a r k et al., 2007) sug­ impressive in the number of species listed, these lists are gest that these two groups should be treated independently. not complete; it has been suggested that about 100 species Monogenean genera (H aliotrem a, etc.) sometimes included of parasites might be present in the large species of grou­ in the Dactylogyridae are here considered as members of the pers (serranids) (J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007). However, these Ancyrocephalidae. Cestodes have been separated as three estimates are of interest in showing that the present list of subgroups, or orders (Tetraphyllidea, Bothriocephalidea and published records includes only a small proportion of the ) because these classes represent very dif­ actual parasite biodiversity. ferent fonns and are not collected using the same methods Most fish recorded here are from inside the lagoon and (larval trypanorhynchs are generally encysted and require thus should be considered as coral reef-associated species. special manipulation); pseudophyllideans are classified as A few fish (4) mentioned in the list have been collected in Bothriocephalidea (K u c h t a et al., 2008). freshwater and are indicated as such. However, most fresh­ Species counts generally include unidentified species, but water species on Pacific islands have at least a part of their these are counted only once. This certainly minimizes the life-cycle in sea and thus it is not aberrant to include them number of species, since it is likely, for example, that most in the list. A few species (16) are deep-sea fishes and are Haliotrema spp. or Euryhaliotrema spp. (monogeneans) re­ indicated as such; they harbour less than 40 parasite species. present different species. The serranid Epinephelus chlorostigma is mentioned as a Table 2 is a host-parasite list, in which each fish has its deep-sea fish because the specimen was actually caught on parasites listed. Elasmobranch and teleost fish are separated, the outer slope of the barrier reef, but may be encountered in and fish families are listed in alphabetical order, as are spe­ shallow waters (F r ic k e & K u l b ic k i , 2007). In contrast, there cies within each family. When a parasite species has been is no doubt that the deep-sea sharks, the lutjanids Etelis spp. recorded under several different names, it is designated “as and Pristipomoides spp. and the hoplichthyid Hoplichthys other name” in the lists, to avoid its record being counted citrinus are strictly confined to deep-sea enviromnents. A twice. Absence of known hosts in the case of certain isopods few species (2-4) are pelagic fish, such as the large scom- comes from the fact that some of these parasites were col­ brids (tunas and swordfish). Finally, of the 195 fish species lected in dredges. recorded with parasites, more than 170 can be considered as coral-associated lagoon fish; parasite species recorded from RESULTS coral reef fish are about 350.

A total of 109 references include records of fish parasites in DISCUSSION New Caledonia. These represent more than 1,500 published pages (excluding books). A faunal list based on published references certainly does Table 1 (the parasite-host list) includes 371 species of not show the actual importance of biodiversity. A main rea­ parasites (unidentified species have been counted as one son is that authors publish on the groups that are of interest species, thus minimizing the count). The total number of to them, for personal or scientific reasons. As an example, host-parasite combinations is 580. Table 3 summarizes the the high nmnbers of diplectanid monogeneans or trichoso- Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 157

moidid nematodes recorded are simply an indication of the tial totals. The fish species recorded with at least one parasite interest of the present author in these groups, and does not represent about 9% (195: 2,200)of the total nmnber of fish. indicate that the parasite fauna of New Caledonia is spe­ The author’s present work in New Caledonia (about 1 ,8 0 0 cially rich in these families. Another reason is that trivial host-parasite combinations, largely unpublished) suggests groups, which are known ‘everywhere’ and considered as of that an average of 10 species of parasites per fish species is little interest, are often simply not mentioned; this is proba­ a reasonable estimate (only Metazoa, excluding Protozoa). bly the case for anisakid larvae, which are present Large species might harbour as many as 1 0 0 species of pa­ in nearly all fish examined, but rarely mentioned. Tetraphyl- rasites (J u st in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7 ). This allows a prediction lidean cestode larvae or gnathiid isopod larvae are also good of about 1 7 ,0 0 0 parasites species to be made for the 1 ,7 0 0 example of widespread biodiversity, generally neglected in reef fishes of New Caledonia. With 3 5 0 species recorded, publications. For certain groups, we already know that bio­ the present bibliographical list highlights the paucity of our diversity (the actual nmnber of species) is much higher than knowledge: just 2% of the parasites have been recorded. the one already described (e.g. see Table 2 u i K r it s k y et al., Finding 2 % of the total nmnber of parasites on 9 %of the 2 0 0 9 ) but taxonomical work is still in progress and unpu­ total nmnber of fish does not suggest that the fish investiga­ blished. ted had specially few parasites; this rather shows that most However, a list based on references shows the extent of published records were incidental and not the product of an knowledge which is actually available to the scientific com­ exhaustive survey. munity, and allows comparisons with other geographical In addition to fish parasite, coral reef include a high nmn­ localities, i.e. we can compare parasite biodiversity in New ber of other parasites or symbionts, such as copepods associ­ Caledonia with other localities only on the basis of publis­ ated with echinodenns or (B o x sh a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 ), hed works. Table 5 summarizes available references on fish or parasitic molluscs (B o u c h e t , 2 0 0 6 ; B o u c h e t et al., 2 0 0 2 ) ; parasites in the Indo-Pacific. Most studies listed here do the present compilation probably represent a small part of not allow comparison of the relative parasite biodiversity in parasite biodiversity in coral reefs. coral reefs, because they include fishes from freshwater or Many comments have been done about the ‘taxonomic from noncoral associated enviromnents. The only list which impediment’ i.e. the difficulty to describe biodiversity. I will was specifically limited to a coral-reef enviromnent. Heron just add yet another estimate: given that these 2% needed Island on the Great Barrier Reef (L e s t e r & S e w e l l , 1 9 8 9 ), 1 ,5 0 0 published pages, the publication of parasite biodi­ was the result of both a one-week meeting and field work by versity of New Caledonia would need about 7 5 ,0 0 0 pages. a group of parasitologists in 1 9 8 6 and a compilation of the Taxonomists, who know what amount of work is sometimes available literature at that period. This list included only 122 hidden behind a single figure or a sentence in a diagnosis, fish species (compared to about 1 7 0 coral-reef fishes in the will understand. present compilation); the nmnber of records (i.e. host-para­ site combinations) is the same in both studies ( 5 8 0 ) but this ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS includes all parasites, including Protozoa, on Heron Island, compared with only Metazoa in New Caledonia. The nmn­ Many authors cited here provided literature. Geoff Boxshall ber of parasite species on Heron Island was not indicated, and Jean-Paul Trilles edited the copepods and isopods, res­ and many identifications were at the family level only; it can pectively. Although the journal recoimnends that all authors be estimated to be about 3 0 0 , in comparison to 3 7 0 in New of taxa should be cited, the Editor agreed that the reference Caledonia. Therefore, the present study is likely to be the list does not include the authors of fish taxa (which are cited most complete compilation of metazoan parasites of coral without year as it is usual in the parasitological literature), reef fishes in the literature. and that authors of parasite taxa are cited only after 1 9 5 0 ; in spite of this, authors of taxa represent more than 8 0 referen­ An evaluation of global parasite biodiversity ces. Ian Beveridge edited the English. in coral reef fishes orders This compilation includes all publications known to the au- Evaluations of nmnbers of parasites per fish species have ther (including in press) in November 2 0 0 9 . been proposed by various authors (Table 5 ). The early glo­ bal estimate of Rohde of 2 0 ,0 0 0 parasite species (including Protozoa) for 1 ,0 0 0 fish species on Heron Island is genera­ lly considered reasonable by most authors. A prediction of 100,000-200,000 helminth species for the 20,000 species of fish worldwide has also been made (B o u c h e t , 2 0 0 6 ). The nmnber of fish species in New Caledonia is about 2 ,2 0 0 . Precise counts include 1 ,6 9 4 “in-shore fishes”, i.e. fishes encountered at less than 1 0 0 m depth (F r ic k e & K u l ­ b ic k i , 2 0 0 7 ) , which we may generally consider as “coral reef associated” and 4 1 4 bathyal fishes (R ic h e r d e F o r g e s & J u s ­ t in e , 2 0 0 6 ); and pelagic species should be added to these par­ 158 Jean-Lou Justine

TABLE 1. Parasite-Host list

T u r b e l l a r ia Haliotrema spp. 1 fam ily recorded; 1 species recorded + unidentified species sonnerati Justine, 2007d Epinephelus cyanopodus Sigura & Justine, 2008 G enostomatidae Epinephelus maculatus Justine, 2007c Piscinquilinus sp. Epinephelus morrhua J u s t i n e , 2 0 0 8 c Naso unicornis J u s t in e et al., 2009b Lethrinus harak Justine, 2007e;

R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 U n k n o w n F a m il y Lethrinus lentjan J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Acanthurus xanthopterus J u s t in e e t a l., 2 0 0 9 b J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e ; Chaetodon ephippium J u s t in e e t a l., 2 0 0 9 b R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Cheilinus chlorourus J u s t in e e t a l., 2 0 0 9 b Lethrinus ravus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Chromis viridis J u s t in e e t a l., 2 0 0 9 b Lethrinus rubrioperculatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Epinephelus fasciatus J u s t in e e t a l., 2 0 0 9 b Lethrinus xanthochilus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e furcosus J u s t in e e t a l., 2 0 0 9 b Thalassoma lutescens J u s t in e e t a l., 2 0 0 9 b Euryhaliotrema spp.

Lutjanus argentimaculatus K r it s k y et al., 2009 M o n o g e n e a M onopisthocotylea Lutjanus fulviflamma K r it s k y et al., 2009 alphabetical order of families and species; Lutjanus fulvus K r it s k y et al., 2009 4 families recorded; 98 species recorded + unidentified species Lutjanus quinquelineatus K r it s k y et al., 2009 Lutjanus russellii K r it s k y et al., 2009 A ncyrocephalidae Aliatrema cribbi Plaisance & Kritsky, 2004 Lutjanus vitta K r it s k y et al., 2009 Chaetodon auriga P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2 0 0 4 Chaetodon vagabundus P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2 0 0 4 Haliotrematoides longitubocirrus (Bychowsky & Nagibina, chrysostomus P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2 0 0 4 1971) Kritsky, Yang & Sun, 2009 Lutjanus fulvus K r it s k y e t a l., 2 0 0 9 EuryhaliotrenuUoides annulicirrus Lutjanus quinquelineatus K r it s k y e t a l., 2 0 0 9 (Yamaguti, 1968) Plaisance & Kritsky, 2004 Lutjanus russellii K r it s k y e t a l., 2 0 0 9 Chaetodon auriga P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2 0 0 4 Lutjanus vitta K r it s k y e t a l., 2 0 0 9 Chaetodon vagabundus P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2 0 0 4 Haliotrematoides patellacirrus (Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1971) EuryhaliotrenuUoides aspitis Plaisance & Kritsky, 2004 Kritsky, Yang & Sun, 2009 Chaetodon vagabundus P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2 0 0 4 Lutjanus fulviflamma K r it s k y et al., 2009

Lutjanus fulvus K r it s k y et al., 2009

EuryhaliotrenuUoides grandis (Mizelle & Kritsky, 1969) Lutjanus quinquelineatus K r it s k y et al., 2009 Plaisance & Kritsky, 2004 Lutjanus russellii K r it s k y et al., 2009 Chaetodon auriga P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2 0 0 4 Lutjanus vitta K r it s k y et al., 2009 Chaetodon vagabundus P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2 0 0 4 Haliotrematoides tainophalhis Kritsky & Justine, 2009 in EuryhaliotrenuUoides microphalhis (Yamaguti, 1968) Kritsky, Yang & Sun Plaisance & K r it s k y , 2004 Lutjanus fulviflamma K r it s k y et al., 2009 Heniochus chrysostomus P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2 0 0 4 Haliotrematoides potens Kritsky & Justine, 2009 in Kritsky, EuryhaliotrenuUoides pirulum Plaisance & Kritsky, 2004 Yang & Sun Chaetodon auriga P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2 0 0 4 Lutjanus argentimaculatus K r it s k y et al., 2009 Haliotrema aurigae (Yamaguti, 1968) Plaisance, Bouamer & Morand, 2004 Haliotrematoides novaecaledoniae Kritsky & Justine, 2009 in Kritsky, Yang & Sun Chaetodon auriga P l a is a n c e et al., 2004 Lutjanus argentimaculatus K r it s k y et al., 2009 Chaetodon citrinellus P l a is a n c e et al., 2004 Chaetodon vagabundus P l a is a n c e et al., 2004 Heniochus chrysostomus P l a is a n c e et al., 2004 Haliotrematoides lanx Kritsky & Justine, 2009 in Kritsky, Yang & Sun Haliotrema banana Lim & Justine, 2007 Lutjanus quinquelineatus K r it s k y et al., 2009 Bodianus perditio L im & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Pennulituba cymansis Rehulkovâ, Justine & Gelnar, 2009

Haliotrema epinepheli Young, 1968 Mulloidichthys vanicolensis R e h u l k o v â et al., 2009 Epinephelus maculatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 c albimarginata J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 c Pennulituba piratifalx Rehulkovâ, Justine & Gelnar, 2009

Variola louti J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 c Mulloidichthys vanicolensis R e h u l k o v â et al., 2009 Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 159

Tetrancistrum sigani Goto & Kikuchi, 1917 D iplectanidae

as Tetrancistrum nebulosi Y o u n g , 1967 Calydiscoides australis Young, 1969 (synonymy: Kritsky et al., 2007) Lethrinus miniatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e

Siganus canaliculatus Y o u n g , 1 9 6 7 a

Siganus fuscescens Y o u n g , 1 9 6 7 a Calydiscoides difficilis (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969 Siganus sp. Y o u n g , 1 9 6 7 a Lethrinus harak R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Lethrinus lentjan R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Volsellituba elephantina Rehulkovâ, Justine & Gelnar, 2009 Lethrinus nebulosus R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Mulloidichthys vanicolensis R e h u l k o v â et al., 2009 Lethrinus obsoletus Lethrinus ravus R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Volsellituba nabla Rehulkovâ, Justine & Gelnar, 2009 Calydiscoides duplicostatus (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969 Mulloidichthys vanicolensis R e h u l k o v â et al., 2009 Lethrinus harak R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Lethrinus lentjan R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Volsellituba orchidea Rehulkovâ, Justine & Gelnar, 2009 Lethrinus nebulosus R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Mulloidichthys vanicolensis R e h u l k o v â et al., 2009 Calydiscoides gasseri Oliver, 1984 Unidentified species Lethrinus miniatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Lutjanus fulvus K r it s k y et al., 2009

Lutjanus kasmira K r it s k y et al., 2009 Calydiscoides euzeti Justine, 2007 Lutjanus quinquelineatus K r it s k y et al., 2009 Lethrinus rubrioperculatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Lutjanus vitta K r it s k y et al., 2009 Lethrinus xanthochilus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e

C a p s a l id a e Calydiscoides linuie Justine & Brena, 2009 Allobenedenia sp. Pentapodus aureofasciatus J u s t in e & B r e n a , 2 0 0 9 Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 Calydiscoides rohdei Oliver, 1984 Benedenia cf. epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1937) Lethrinus atkinsoni J u s t in e 2 0 0 7 e Epinephelus fasciatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 b Calydiscoides terpsichore Rascalou & Justine, 2007 Benedenia sp. Lethrinus harak R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Epinephelus merra H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 a Lethrinus nebulosus R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Nemipterus furcosus J u s t in e & B r e n a , 2 0 0 9 Diplectanum uitoe Justine, 2007 Encotyllabe sp. Epinephelus maculatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 c

Lethrinus harak R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Lethrinus nebulosus R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Diplectanum nuia Justine & Sigura, 2007

Lethrinus rubrioperculatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7

Lethrinus xanthochilus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Diplectanum nanus Justine, 2007 Dioncopseudobenedenia Yamaguti,kala 1965 Cephalopholis sonnerati J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 d

Naso unicornis P e r k in s et al., 2009 Diplectanum parvus Justine, 2008 Pseudonitzschia uku Yamaguti, 1965 Cephalopholis urodeta J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 a

Aprion virescens P e r k in s et a l ., 2 0 0 9 Echinoplectanum chauvetorum Justine & Euzet, 2006 laevis J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2 0 0 6 Trochopodinae Gen. sp. 1

Pseudobalistes fuscus P e r k in s et a l ., 2 0 0 9 Echinoplectanum laeve Justine & Euzet, 2006 J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2 0 0 6 Trochopodinae Gen. sp.

Plectropomus leopardus J u s t in e & Euzet, 2 0 0 6 Echinoplectanum leopardi Justine & Euzet, 2006 as Trochopodinae Gen. sp. 2 Plectropomus leopardus J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2 0 0 6 Plectropomus leopardus P e r k in s et a l ., 2 0 0 9 Echinoplectanum pudicum Justine & Euzet, 2006 Trochopodinae Gen. sp. 4 Plectropomus leopardus J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2 0 0 6 Epinephelus fuscoguttatus P e r k in s et a l ., 2 0 0 9 Echinoplectanum rarum Justine & Euzet, 2006 Capsalidae, unidentified immature Plectropomus leopardus J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2 0 0 6 Sphyraena sp. (recruiting larva) C r ib b et a l ., 2 0 0 0 Lamellodiscus sp. Capsalidae sp. 1 Gnathodentex aureolineatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e ;

Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides P e r k in s et a l ., 2 0 0 9 J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 160 Jean-Lou Justine

Lamellodiscus magnicornis Justine & Briand, 2009 Pseudorhabdosynochus duitoe Justine, 2007

Gymnocranius euanus J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Epinephelus maculatus J u s t in e , 2007c

Gymnocranius grandoculis J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Gymnocranius sp. A J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Gymnocranius sp. B J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938) Kritsky& as Lamellodiscus sp. Beverley-Burton, 1986

Gymnocranius euanus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Epinephelus chlorostigma J u s t in e , 2009b Gymnocranius grandoculis J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Pseudorhabdosynochus euitoe Justine, 2006

Lamellodiscus parvicornis Justine & Briand, 2009 Epinephelus maculatus J u s t in e , 2007c

Gymnocranius euanus J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9

Gymnocranius grandoculis J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Pseudorhabdosynochus exoticus Sigura & Justine, 2008

Gymnocranius sp. B J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 as Lamellodiscus sp.

Gymnocranius euanus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Pseudorhabdosynochus fuitoe Justine, 2007

Gymnocranius grandoculis J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Epinephelus maculatus J u s t in e , 2007c

Lamellodiscus tubulicornis Justine & Briand, 2009 Pseudorhabdosynochus guitoe Justine, 2007

Gymnocranius grandoculis J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Epinephelus maculatus J u s t in e , 2007c

Gymnocranius sp. B J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 as Lamellodiscus sp. Pseudorhabdosynochus hirundineus Justine, 2005 J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 c Gymnocranius grandoculis J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Variola louti

Laticola cyanus Sigura & Justine, 2008 Pseudorhabdosynochus inversus Justine, 2008 Epinephelus rivulatus J u s t in e , 2008b Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8

Laticola dae Journo & Justine, 2006 Pseudorhabdosynochus huitoe Justine, 2007 Epinephelus maculatus J u s t in e , 2007c Epinephelus maculatus J o u r n o & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Pseudorhabdosynochus auitoe Justine, 2007 Pseudorhabdosynochus manifestus Justine & Sigura, 2007 Epinephelus maculatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 c Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 Pseudorhabdosynochus argus Justine, 2007 Pseudorhabdosynochus malabaricus Justine & Sigura, 2007 Cephalopholis argus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 d Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 Pseudorhabdosynochus bacchus Sigura, Chauvet & Pseudorhabdosynochus nuitemus Justine & Sigura, 2007 Justine, 2007 Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus S ig u r a et al., 2007

Pseudorhabdosynochus manipuhts Justine & Sigura, 2007 Pseudorhabdosynochus buitoe Justine, 2007 Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 Epinephelus maculatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 c Pseiulorhabdosynochus marcellus Justine & Sigura, 2007 Pseudorhabdosynochus calathus Hinsinger & Justine, 2006 Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 Epinephelus rivulatus H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 a Pseudorhabdosynochus maaensis Justine & Sigura, 2007 Pseudorhabdosynochus caledonicus Justine, 2005 Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 Epinephelus fasciatus H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 a ; J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 b Pseudorhabdosynochus melanesiensis (Laird, 1958) Kritsky& Beverley-Burton, 1986 Pseudorhabdosynochus chauveti Sigura & Justine, 2008 Epinephelus merra H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2006a; Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 J u s t in e , 2005b

Pseudorhabdosynochus cuitoe Justine, 2007 Pseudorhabdosynochus minutus Justine, 2007 J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 c Epinephelus maculatus Cephalopholis sonnerati J u s t in e , 2007d

Pseudorhabdosynochus cyanopodus Sigura & Justine, 2008 Pseudorhabdosynochus morrhua Justine, 2008

Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 Epinephelus morrhua J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 c

Pseudorhabdosynochus cyathus Hinsinger & Justine, 2006 Pseudorhabdosynochus podocyanus Sigura & Justine, 2008

Epinephelus howlandi H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 a Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 161

Pseudorhabdosynochus cf. shenzhenensis Yang, Zeng & Gibson, H exabothriidae 2005 , unidentified Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7 Squalus melanurus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 9 a

Pseudorhabdosynochus variabilis Justine, 2008 M icrocotylidae Epinephelus morrhua J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 c Polylabris sillaginae (Woolcock, 1936) Dillon, Hargis & Harrises, 1983

Pseudorhabdosynochus venus Hinsinger & Justine, 2006 Sillago sihama H a y w a r d , 1 9 9 6 Epinephelus howlandi H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 b , unidentified species

Pseudorhabdosynochus youngi Justine, Dupoux& Cribb, 2009 Gymnocranius euanus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e

Epinephelus fasciatus J u s t in e et al., 2009a Gymnocranius grandoculis J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e

as Ps. cupatus (Young, 1969) Kritsky& Beverley-Burton, Lethrinus nebulosus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e

1986 Nemipterus furcosus J u s t in e & B r e n a , 2 0 0 9

Epinephelus fasciatus H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 a ; Pentapodus aureofasciatus J u s t in e & B r e n a , 2 0 0 9 J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 b

D ig e n e a Pseudorhabdosynochus cf. coioidesis Bu, Leong, Wong , Woo (alphabetical order of fam ilies and species; & Foo, 1999 20 fam ilies recorded; 105 species recorded + unidentified species) Epinephelus merra H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 a

U nidentified F a m il y , D ig e n e a Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. Diagramma pictum B â il l o n , 1 9 9 1 Epinephelus coenileopunctatus S ig u r a et al., 2007 Epinephelus morrhua J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 c

M onocotylidae A canthocolpidae Decacotyle octona (Young, 1967) Chisholm & Whittington, 1998 Stephanostonmm japonocasum Durio & Manter, 1969 Aetobatus c f. narinari M a r ie & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 Epinephelus sp. “Red Cod” D u r io & M a n t e r , 1 9 6 9

Serranidae “unidentified serranid” D u r io & M a n t e r , 1 9 6 9 Decacotyle elpora Marie & Justine, 2005 Aetobatus c f. narinari M a r ie & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 Stephanostonmm casum (Linton, 1910) McFarlane, 1934

Lutjanus argentimaculatus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1 9 6 9 Clemacotyle australis Young, 1967 Aetobatus c f. narinari M a r ie & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 Stephanostonmm sp.

Pseudobalistes fuscus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Thaumatocotyle pseudodasybatis Hargis, 1955

Aetobatus c f. narinari M a r ie & J u s t in e , 2005,2006 Acanthocolpidae, unidentified

Pseudobalistes fuscus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Triloculotrema chishohnae Justine, 2009 Squalus melanurus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 9 a A pocreadiidae Sphincteristonmm acollum Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, M o n o g e n e a polyopisthocotylea 1961 (alphabetical order of fam ilies and species; Pseudobalistes fuscus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b 5 fam ilies recorded; 8 species recorded + unidentified species)

Honmlometron moraveci Bray, Justine & Cribb, 2007 A x i n id a e Allopseudaxine sp. Mulloidichthys vanicolensis B r a y et al., 2 0 0 7 Katsuwonus pelamis R o h d e et al., 1980 B ivesiculidae Allopseudaxinoides vagans (Ishii, 1936) Yamaguti, 1968 Bivesiculoides posterotestis Durio & Manter, 1968 Katsuwonus pelamis R o h d e et al., 1980 Myctophidae “pretre” (? Atherinomorus lacunosus ?) D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a

G astrocotylidae Neothoracocotyle acanthocybii (Meserve, 1938) Hargis, 1956 B ucephalidae Acanthocybium solandri R o h d e et al., 1980 Myorhynchus pritchardae Durio & Manter, 1968 Serranidae (“leche”/ loche) D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a

H eteromicrocotylidae Heteromicrocotyla australiensis Rohde, 1977 Neidhartia coronata Durio & Manter, 1968 Carangoides fulvoguttatus B a r t o n et al., 2009 Epinephelus sp. D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a

Heteromicrocotyloides megaspinosus Barton, Beaufrère, Jus­ Prosorhynchus freitasi Nagaty, 1937 tine & Whittington, 2009 Epinephelus sp. D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Carangoides fulvoguttatus B a r t o n et al., 2009 162 Jean-Lou Justine

Prosorhynchus longisaccatus Durio & Manter, 1968 Pseudogramma sp. (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0

Epinephelus cyanopodus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006b Scorpaenidae Gen. sp. (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0

Serranidae (“leche”/ loche) D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Synodontidae Gen. sp. (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0

Prosorhynchus maternus Bray & Justine, 2006 Didymozoidae Larva sp. B Epinephelus malabaricus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 b Apogon coccineus (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0

Bothus pantherinus (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0 Prosorhynchus serrani Durio & Manter, 1968 Variola louti D u r io & M a n t e r , 1 9 6 8 a Didymozoidae Larva sp. C

Synodontidae Gen. s p . 1 (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0 Prosorhynchoides lamprelli Bott & Cribb, 2005 Caranx papuensis B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 b Didymozoidae Larva sp. D Rhipidocotyle sp. Labridae Gen. s p . (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0 Labroides dimidiatus J o n e s et al., 2 0 0 3 , 2 0 0 4 Thalassoma s p . (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0

C ryptogonimidae Didymozoidae Larva sp. E

Adlardia novaecaledoniae Miller, Bray, Goiran, Justine & Apogon coccineus (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0 Cribb, 2009 Nemipterus furcosus M l l e r et al., 2009 Didymozoidae Larva sp. F

as Siphoderina elongata (Gu & Shen, 1979) Apogon coccineus (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0 Nemipterus furcosus Q u il ic h in i et al., 2009a Didymozoidae Larva sp. G Lobosorchis tibaldiae Miller & Cribb, 2005 Labridae Gen. sp. (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0 Lutjanus fulviflamma M l l e r & C r ib b , 2005 Thalassoma sp. (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0 Paracryptogoninms saccatus Manter, 1963 F ellodistomatidae Siganus sp. D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Tergestia clonacantha Manter, 1963 Retrovarium (species not indicated) Hemiramphus sp. D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Lutjanus fulviflamma M l l e r & C r ib b , 2007 G orgoderidae Siphoderina catalae (Durio & Manter, 1969) Miller& Cribb, Phyllodistomum sp. 2008 Parupeneus multifasciatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2008b Lutjanus bohar (“anglais”)? D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969

G yliauchenidae Siphoderina longitestis (Durio & Manter, 1969) Miller& Affecauda salacia Haii & Cribb, 2004 Cribb, 2008 Zebrasoma veliferum H a l l & C r ib b , 2004b Lutjanus bohar (“anglais”)? D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Gyliauchen papillatus (Goto & Matsudaira, 1918) Goto, 1919 Siphoderina paracatalae Durio & Manter, 1969 Siganus sp. D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Lutjanus bohar (“anglais”) ? D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969

Ptychogyliauchen thistilbardi Haii & Cribb, 2004 Siphoderina provitellosus (Durio & Manter, 1969) Miller & Cribb, 2008 Siganus argenteus H a l l & C r ib b , 2004a Siganus canaliculatus H a l l & C r ib b , 2004a Lutjanus fulvus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Siganus corallinus H a l l & C r ib b , 2004a Siphoderina testitactus (Durio & Manter, 1969) Miller & Siganus doliatus H a l l & C r ib b , 2004a Cribb, 2008 Siganus spinus H a l l & C r ib b , 2004a Lutjanus bohar (“anglais”)? D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969

H aploporidae D idymozoidae Atractotrema sigani Durio & Manter, 1969

Didymozoidae unidentified spp. (adults) Siganus sp. D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Epinephelus maculatus J u s t in e , 2007c Hapladena tanyorchis Manter & Pritchard, 1961 Lethrinus harak R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 Naso sp. “unicorn fish” D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Lethrinus rubrioperculatus J u s t in e , 2007e Isorchis parvus Durio & Manter, 1969 Didymozoidae unidentified spp. (juveniles) Chanos chanos D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Parupeneus multifasciatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2008b

Didymozoidae Larva sp. A H aplosplanchnidae Hymenocotta mulli J/anter, 1961 Apogon coccineus (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2000 Bleniidae sp (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2000 “Mullet” Mugilidae D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 163

H e m iu r id a e Chaetodon ephippium B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Dichadena obesa (Manter, 1961) Manter, 1969 Chaetodon flavirostris B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Strongylura leiura ? M a n t e r , 1969 Chaetodon lineolatus B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Chaetodon melannotus B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Erilepturus hanuiti (Yamaguti, 1934) Chaetodon mertensii B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a [as/7, tiegsi Woolcock, 1935 in Manter] Chaetodon pelewensis B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Epinephelus cyanopodus M a n t e r , 1969; Coradion altivelis B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a

S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Forcipiger flavissimus B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Epinephelus sp. M a n t e r , 1969 Heniochus acuminatus B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a

Serranidae “mottled ” M a n t e r , 1969 Heniochus acuminatus B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a

Heniochus chrysostomus B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a

Hemiuridae (immature unidentifiable) Heniochus monoceros B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a

Bleniidae sp. (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2000 Siganus doliatus B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a

Ectenurus sp. Aponurus laguncula Loos, 1907

Pseudogramma sp. (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2000 Aluterus monoceros Q u il ic h in i et al., 2009b Synodontidae Gen. sp . 2 (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0

L epocreadiidae Erilepturus sp. immature Holorchis castex Bray & Justine, 2007

Synodontidae Gen. s p . 1 (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0 Diagramma pictum B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007a

Hysterolecitha sigani Manter, 1969 Holorchis plectorhynchi Durio & Manter, 1968 Siganus sp . M a n t e r , 1969 Lethrinus miniatus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b

Plectorhinchus goldmani D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Hysterolecithoides frontilatus (Manter, 1969) Yamaguti, 1971 Siganus doliatus B r a y & C r ib b , 2000b Hypocreadium toombo Bray & Justine, 2006

Pseudobalistes fuscus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a Lecithaster testilobatus Manter, 1969 Scams (= Callyodon) sp . M a n t e r , 1969 Hypocreadium patellare Yamaguti, 1938

Sufflamen fraenatum B r a y et al., 2009a Lecithochirium cirrhiti (Manter & Pritchard, 1960) Yamaguti, 1970 Intusatrium robustum Durio & Manter, 1968 sammara M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b Bodianus loxozonus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a Sargocentron ensifer M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b Bodianus perditio B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a Sargocentron spiniferum M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b Durio & M anter, 1968a Postlepidapedon secundum (Durio & Manter, 1968) Lecithochirium magnaporum Manter, 1940 Scaridae? “Brown-blotched parrot fish” [erroneous] Lethrinus miniatus M a n t e r , 1969 D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Epinephelus s p . M a n t e r , 1969 Choerodon graphicus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a Lecithochirium polynemi Chauhan, 1945 Lepidapedoides dollfusi (Durio & Manter, 1968) Bray, Cribb Lutjanus fulvus M a n t e r , 1969 & Barker, 1996 as Neolepidapedon dollfusi Durio & Manter, 1968 Lecithochirium sp. Epinephelus sp. “Red Cod” D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Parupeneus multifasciatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2008b Epinephelus sp. “Spotted Grouper” D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Lecithocladium aegyptensis Fischtal & Kuntz, 1963 Lepidapedoides angustus Bray, Cribb & Barker, 1996 Scombridae “mackerel” M a n t e r , 1969 Epinephelus fasciatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a Parahemiurus merus (Linton, 1910) Woolcock, 1935 as L. “kerapu”; see Justine, 2007a Epinephelus merra R ig b y et al., 1997 Priacanthus hamrur B r a y & C r ib b , 2 0 0 5

Quadrifoliovarium pritchardae Yamaguti, 1965 Lobatocreadium exiguum (Manter, 1963) Madhavi, 1972 B r a y & J u s t in e , Naso sp. “unicorn fish” M a n t e r , 1969 Pseudobalistes fuscus 2006a

Theletrum frontilatum Manter, 1969 Stegodexamene anguillae Macfarlane, 1951 Siganus sp . M a n t e r , 1969 Anguilla obscura M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2007c Anguilla reinhardtii M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2007c

L ecithasteridae

Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Lepocreadiidae, unidentified Chaetodon auriga B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Pseudobalistes fuscus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Chaetodon citrinellus B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a 164 Jean-Lou Justine

M icroscaphidiidae Macvicaria jagannathi (Gupta & Singh, 1985) Bijukumar, 1997

Hexangium sigani Goto & Ozaki, 1929 Nemipterus furcosus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2009b

Lutjanus fulvus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1 9 6 8 a

Siganus sp . D u r io & M a n t e r , 1 9 6 8 a Neolebouria blatta Bray & Justine, 2009

Etelis carbunculus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2009a M onorchiidae Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus

Cableia balistidicola Bray, Justine & Cribb, 2009 B r a y & J u s t in e , 2009a stellatus B r a y et al., 2009b Pseudobalistes fuscus B r a y et al., 2009b Neolebouria lineatus Aken’Ova & Cribb, 2001

as Cableia sp. Nemipterus furcosus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2009b Pseudobalistes fuscus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Orthodena tropica Durio & Manter, 1968

Hysterorchis vitellosus Durio & Manter, 1968 Lethrinus lentjan B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Plectorhinchus s p . D u r io & M a n t e r , 1 9 6 8 a Lethrinus nebulosus (“bec ? de cane”)

D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Lasiotocus longitestis Durio & Manter, 1968 Plectorhinchus sp. (“loche castex”) D u r io & M a n t e r , 1 9 6 8 a Pacificreadium serrani Durio & Manter, 1968

Epinephelus sp. D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b

Lasiotocus plectorhynchi (Yamaguti, 1934) Plectropomus leopardus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Diagramma pictum B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 a Pseudoplagioporus interruptus Durio & Manter, 1968 O p e c o e l id a e Lethrinus nebulosus ? (“bec de cane”) Durio & M anter. 1968b Allopodocotyle epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1942) Lethrinus rubrioperculatus B r a y & J u s t i n e , 2007b; Epinephelus cyanopodus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b J u s t in e , 2007e Epinephelus fasciatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Epinephelus merra B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Pseudoplagioporus lethrini Yamaguti, 1938 Lethrinus nebulosus (“bec ? de cane”) Allopodocotyle serrani (Yamaguti, 1952) Pritchard, 1966 D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Serranidae (“leche”/ loche) D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Pseudopycnadena tendu Bray & Justine, 2007 Cainocreadium epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1934) Pseudobalistes fuscus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b

Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 Unidentified Opecoelidae Epinephelus fasciatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Lethrinus harak R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Variola louti B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Lethrinus nebulosus R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7

Cainocreadium sp. S anguinicolidae Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7 Cardicola chaetodontis Yamaguti, 1970

Chaetodon lineolatus N o l a n & C r ib b , 2 0 0 6 Hamacreadium diacopae Nagaty & Abdel Aal, 1962

Lethrinus nebulosus (“bec ? de cane”)DuRio & M a n t e r , 1968b S yncoeliidae Syncoeliumfiliferum (Sars, 1885) Odhner, 1911 Hamacreadium nuitabile (Linton, 1910) Katsuwonus pelamis R o h d e Et al., 1980 Lethrinus miniatus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b

Lutjanus amabilis D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Z o o g o n id a e Lutjanus bohar (‘“anglais”) ? D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Deretrema combesae Bray & Justine, 2008 Lutjanus fulviflamma B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Parupeneus multifasciatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 b Lutjanus kasmira B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b

Deretrema combesorum Bray & Justine, 2008 Choanostonui secundum Durio & Manter, 1968 Parupeneus multifasciatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 b Lutjanus vitta D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b

Plectorhinchus sp. D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Diphtherostonmm tropicum Durio & Manter, 1968 Helicometra epinepheli Yamaguti, 1934 Lethrinus nebulosus ? D u r io & M a n t e r , 1 9 6 8 a

Epinephelus fasciatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Dupliciporia lanterna Bray & Justine, 2008 Epinephelus merra B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Priacanthus hamrur B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 a Helicometra fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1902 Lecithostaphylus nitens (Linton, 1898) Epinephelus merra R ig b y et al., 1997 Tylosurus crocodilus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 a Epinephelus sp. “Red Cod” D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 165

Parvipyrum acanthuri Pritchard, 1963 Gilquinia minor Beveridge & Justine, 2006 [adult]

Acanthurus blochii B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 a Centrophorus s p . B ev e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6

Zoogonus pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1939 Gilquinia sp. [adult]

Lethrinus atkinsoni B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 a Squalus melanurus B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 Lethrinus genivittatus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 a Sagittirhynchus aculeatus Beveridge & Justine, 2006 [adult] C e s t o d a bothriocephalidea Centrophorus s p . B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 1 fam ily recorded; 2 species recorded Vittirhynchus squali Beveridge & Justine, 2006 [adult] B othriocephalidae Squalus melanurus B ev e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 Bothriocephalus celineae Kuchta, Scholz & Justine, 2009 [adult] G ymnorhynchidae Cephalopholis aurantia x C. spiloparaea Chimaerarhynchus rougetae Beveridge & Campbell, 1989 K u c h t a et al., 2009a as ‘adult pseudophyllidean cestode’ [adult] Cephalopholis aurantia x C. spiloparaea Squalus c f. megalops O l s o n et al., 2009; P a l m et al., 2009 R a n d a l l & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 a

Oncodiscus sauridae Yamaguti, 1934 [adult] L acistorhynchidae

Saurida nebulosa K u c h t a et al., 2 0 0 9 b Floriceps minacanthus Campbell & Beveridge, 1987 [larva]

Saurida undosquamis K u c h t a et al., 2 0 0 9 b Cephalopholis urodeta J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 a

Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8

C e s t o d a tetraphyllidea At least 1 family recorded; 6 species recorded + unidentified Hornelliella annandalei Hornell, 1912 [adult]

species Stegostoma fasciatum B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b

O nchobothriidae Paragrillotia apecteta Beveridge & Justine, 2007 [adult] Acanthobothrium aetiobatis (Shipley, 1900) Hexanchus nakamurai B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 a Aetobatus narinari B a e r & E u z e t , 1 9 6 2 Paragrillotia spratti (Campbell & Beveridge, 1993) Beveridge U nidentified F a m il y & Justine, 2007 [adult] Scolex polymorphus (= tetraphyllidean metacestodes) Negaprion acutidens B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 a Epinephelus merra R ig b y et al., 1 9 9 7

Pseudogilquinia pillersi (Southwell, 1929) Palm, 2004 [larva] Tetraphyllidea larvae Epinephelus coioides B e v e r id g e et al., 2007 Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8

Epinephelus morrhua J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 c Pseudolacistorhynchus heroniensis (Sakanari, 1989) Palm, Metacestode 1995

Synodontidae Gen. s p . 3 (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0 Epinephelus cyanopodus [ la r v a ] S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 Stegostoma fasciatum [ a d u lt] B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Tetraphyllidea Metacestode

Thalassoma s p . (recruiting larvae) C r ib b et al., 2 0 0 0 Pseudolacistorhynchus nanus Beveridge & Justine, 2007 [adult]

Stegostoma fasciatum B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Unidentified Tetraphyllidea, adults

Centrophorus sp . B ev e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 O tobothriidae Squalus megalops B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 Otobothrium curtum (Linton, 1909) Dollfus, 1942 [adult] B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 Squalus melanurus Galeocerdo cuvier B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 c

C e s t o d a trypanorhyncha Otobothrium parvum Beveridge & Justine, 2007 [adult] 5 fam ilies recorded; 20 species recorded + unidentified species Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 c

Triaenodon obesus B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 c F a m il y unidentified Trypanorhyncha, unidentified [larva] Otobothrium sp. [larva] Epinephelus merra Rigby et al., 1997 Lethrinus rubrioperculatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Epinephelus morrhua J u s t i n e , 2 0 0 8 c

P seudotobothriidae G ilquiniidae Gilquinia robertsoni Beveridge, 1990 [adult] Pseudotobothrium dipsacum (Linton, 1897) [larva] Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7 Squalus megalops B ev e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 166 Jean-Lou Justine

T entaculariidae Procanuillanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. 1

M ixonybetininsouth weili ( l’a I m & Wal ter, 1999)Palm, 1999 [adult] Parapercis hexophtalma M o r a v e c e t a l ., 2006a Stegostoma fasciatum B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. 2 Nybelinia syngenes (Pintner, 1928) Palm, 2004 [larva] Lethrinus ravus M o r a v e c e t a l ., 2006a Dendrochirus zebra P a l m , 2 0 0 4 as Nybelinia aequidentata [larva] Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. 3 Dendrochirus zebra P a l m & B e v e r id g e , 2 0 0 2 Scolopsis bilineata M o r a v e c et al., 2006a Nybelinia sp. [larva] Procamallanus sp. Lethrinus rubrioperculatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008

N e m a t o d a (alphabetical order of fam ilies and species; 10 fam ilies recorded; C apillariidae 43 species recorded + unidentified species) Capillariidae Gen. sp. 7 of Moravec, 2001

Siganus doliatus M o r a v e c , 2001 Unidentified Nematoda Epinephelus morrhua J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 c Capillariidae Gen. sp. 8 of Moravec, 2001

Naso unicornis M o r a v e c , 2001 A n is a k id a e Raphidascaris (Ichtyiascaris) nemipteri Moravec & Justine, C ucullanidae 2005 [adult] Cucullanus bourdini Petter & Le Bel, 1992 Nemipterus furcosus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 a Aprion virescens P e t t e r & L e B e l , 1 9 9 2

Pristipomoides filamentosus P e t t e r & L e B e l , 1 9 9 2 Hysterothylacium cenaticum (Bruce & Cannon, 1989) Moravec & Justine, 2005 [adult] Pristipomoides flavipinnis P e t t e r & L e B e l , 1 9 9 2

Tetrapturus audax M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 a Cucullanidae, unidentified Terranova scoliodontis (Baylis, 1931) Johnston & Mawson, Bodianus perditio L im & J u s t in e , 2007 1945 [adult]

Galeocerdo cuvier M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 b C ystidicolidae Ascarophis (Dentiascarophis) adioryx Machida, 1981

Terranova sp. [larva] Neoniphon sammara M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b

Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 Sargocentron spiniferum M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b

C amallanidae Ascarophis (Similarascarophis) richeri Moravec & Justine, Unidentified Camallanidae 2007 Diagramma pictum B â il l o n , 1 9 9 1 Hoplichthys citrinus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2007a

Camallanus carangis Olsen, 1954 Ctenascarophis lesteri Crites, Overstreet & Maung, 1993 Nemipterus furcosus M o r a v e c et al., 2006a Katsuwonus pelamis C r it e s et al., 1993 Parupeneus ciliatus M o r a v e c et al., 2006a

Upeneus vittatus M o r a v e c et al., 2006a Metabronema magnum (Taylor, 1925) Yorke& Maplestone, Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927 1926

Awaous guamensis M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 a Gnathanodon speciosus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2007b Kuhlia marginata [larva] M oravec & Justine, 2006a Spinitectus (Paraspinitectus) sp.

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) longus Moravec, Justine & Albida glossodonta M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b Rigby, 2006

M o r a v e c e t a l ., 2 0 0 6 a Zebrasoma scopas G nathostomatidae Echinocephahis sinensis Ko, 1975 Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) variolae Moravec, Justine & Aetobatus narinari M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2006b Rigby, 2006

Epinephelus fasciatus M o r a v e c e t a l ., 2 0 0 6 a Echinocephahis overstreeti Deardoff & Ko, 1983 Variola albimarginata M o r a v e c e t a l ., 2 0 0 6 a Urogymnus aspetimmus [not Taeniura meyeni, erroneous] Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pacificus Moravec, Justine, M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2006b Wiirtz, Taraschewski & Sasal, 2006 G u y a n e m id a e

Anguilla obscura M o r a v e c e t a l ., 2 0 0 6 b Ichthyofilaria novaecaledoniensis Moravec & Justine, 2009

Anguilla reinhardtii M o r a v e c e t a l ., 2 0 0 6 b Hoplichthys citrinus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009a Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 167

P hilometridae Huffnumela ossicola Justine, 2004 Philometra cyanopodi Moravec & Justine, 2008 Bodianus busellatus J u s t in e , 2007b

Epinephelus cyanopodus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 Bodianus loxozonus J u s t in e , 2004, 2007b as Ph. lateolabracis (Yamaguti, 1935) Bodianus perditio J u s t in e , 2007b;

Epinephelus cyanopodus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 b L im & J u s t in e , 2007

Philometra dentigubernaculata Moravec & Justine, 2009 sp. Pentapodus aureofasciatus J u s t in e , 2004, 2007b Tylosurus crocodilus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 9 a

Philometra fasciati Moravec & Justine, 2008 C o p e p o d a (alphabetical order of families and species) Epinephelus fasciatus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 as Ph. lateolabracis (Yamaguti, 1935) The compilation by Boxshall & Huys (2007) does not indicate Epinephelus fasciatus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 b hosts. This paper was based in part on collection by the present author, so additional host infonnation was indicated here as Philometra lagocephali Moravec & Justine, 2008 “present paper”. Lagocephalus sceleratus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 13 families recorded; 61 species recorded + unidentified species

Philometra lethrini Moravec & Justine, 2008 U nidentified F a m il y Lethrinus genivittatus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2008,2009a Copepoda, unidentified larvae

Lethrinus miniatus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 9 a Abalistes filamentosus R a n d a l l & J u s t in e , 2008b Lethrinus variegatus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 9 a Cephalopholis aurantia x C. spiloparaea (hybrid) R a n d a l l & J u s t in e , 2008a Philometra ocularis Moravec, Ogawa, Suzuki, Miyazaki & Cephalopholis sonnerati J u s t in e , 2007d Donai, 2002 Lethrinus xanthochilus J u s t in e , 2007e

Epinephelus areolatus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2008,2009a

Epinephelus coioides M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 b Copepoda, unidentified adults Cephalopholis urodeta J u s t in e , 2008a Epinephelus cyanopodus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 b

Epinephelus rivulatus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 b B omolochidae Variola louti M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 b Pumiliopes capitulatus Cressey & Boyle, 1973 No host indicated; present paper: Rastrelliger kanagurta Philometra priacanthi Moravec & Justine, 2009 B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Priacanthus hamrur M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 9 a

C a l ig id a e Philometra tenuicauda Moravec & Justine, 2009 Alanlewisia fallolunulus (Lewis, 1967) Boxshall, 2008 Lagocephalus sceleratus M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 9 a Naso unicornis B o x s h a l l , 2008

Philometra sp. Moravec & Justine, 2008 Alebion carchariae Kn|)yer, 1863 Lutjanus vitta M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 No host indicated; present paper: Galeocerdo cuvier

B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 R habdochonidae Unidentified Rhabdochonidae Alebion gracilis Wilson, 1905 as Huffmanela balista, female [erroneous] No host indicated; present paper: Stegostoma fasciatum

Abalistes stellatus J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007

T richosomoididae Anuretes justinei Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2008 Huffmanela balista Justine, 2007 Plectorhinchus lineatus V e n m a t h i M a r a n et al., 2008

Abalistes stellatus J u s t in e , 2007b Avitocaligus assurgericola Boxshall & Justine, 2005 Huffmanela branchialis Justine, 2004 Assurger anzac B o x s h a l l & J u s t in e , 2005

Nemipterus furcosus J u s t in e , 2004 Caligus bonito Wilson, 1905 Katsuwonus pelamis R o h d e et al., 1980 Huffmanela filamentosa Justine, 2004

Gymnocranius grandoculis J u s t in e , 2004 Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961 No host indicated; present paper: Caranx papuensis Huffmanela lata Justine, 2005 B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos J u s t in e , 2005a Caligus cordyla Pillai, 1963 Huffmanela longa Justine, 2007 No host indicated; present paper: Gymnocranius grandoculis J u s t in e , 2007b Carangoides fulvoguttatus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 168 Jean-Lou Justine

Caligus coryphaenae Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 Dissonus heronensis Kabata, 1966 No host indicated; present paper: Coryphaena hippurus Pseudobalistes fuscus B o x s h a l l et al., 2008

B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Dissonus manteri Kabata, 1966 Caligus infestans Heller, 1868 Epinephelus cyanopodus B o x s h a l l et al., 2008 No host indicated; present paper: Epinephelus maculatus B o x s h a l l et al., 2008; J o u r n o & J u s t in e , 2006 Scomberomorus commerson B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Plectropomus laevis B o x s h a l l et al., 2008

Plectropomus leopardus B o x s h a l l et al., 2008; Caligus isonyx Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2006 No host indicated; present paper: Sphyraena flavicauda

B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 E udactylinidae Nemesis robusta (van Beneden, 1851) Heller, 1868 Caligus lobodes (Wilson, 1911) Pillai, 1985 No host indicated; present paper:

No host indicated; present paper: Sphyraena barracuda Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7

B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7

H atschekiidae Caligus lethrinicola Boxshall & El-Rashidy, 2009 Hatschekia balistae Nunes-Ruivo, 1954 Lethrinus rubrioperculatus B oxshall & El-Rashidy, 2009 No host indicated; present paper: as Caligus cf. mauritanicus Brian, 1924 Abalistes stellatus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper: Lethrinus rubrioperculatus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 ; Balistoides conspicillum B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e No host indicated; present paper:

Pseudobalistes fuscus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Caligus novocaledonicus Kabata, 1968 No host indicated B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Hatschekia cernae Goggio, 1905

No host indicated B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007

Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Caligus productus Dana, 1852 Acanthocybium solandri R o h d e et al., 1980 Hatschekia cf. plectropomi Ho & Dojiri, 1978 Katsuwonus pelamis R o h d e et al., 1980 No host indicated; present paper:

Plectropomus laevis B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Gloiopotes hygomianus Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 No host indicated; present paper: No host indicated; present paper: Plectropomus leopardus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007; J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2006 Acanthocybium solandri B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Hatschekia sphyraeni Pillai, 1964 No host indicated; present paper: Gloiopotes watsoni Kirtisinghe, 1934 Sphyraena forsteri B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper: Tetrapturus audax

B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Hatschekia sp.

Bodianus perditio L im & J u s t in e , 2007 Lepeophtheirus sp. Epinephelus cyanopodus (2 species) S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Bodianus perditio L im & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Epinephelus fasciatus J u s t in e , 2005b

Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7 Epinephelus maculatus (2 species) J o u r n o & J u s t in e , 2006

Epinephelus malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007

Paralebion elongatus Wilson, 1911 Lethrinus harak R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 No host indicated; present paper: Lethrinus nebulosus R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007

Triaenodon obesus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Laminohatschekia synaphobranchi Boxshall, 1989 Pseudanuretes fortipedis Kabata, 1965 Synaphobranchus cf. brevidorsalis B o x s h a l l , 1989 No host indicated; present paper: K r o y e r iid a e Pomacanthus semicirculatus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Kroyeria dispar Wilson, 1935 No host indicated; present paper: D is s o n id a e Galeocerdo cuvier B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Dissonus excavatus Boxshall, Lin, Ho, Ohtsuka, Venmathi Maran & Justine, 2008 L ernanthropidae Bodianus perditio B o x s h a l l et al., 2008 Lernanthropus cadenati Delamare-Deboutteville & Nunes- as Dissonus sp. Ruivo, 1954 Bodianus perditio L im & J u s t in e , 2007 No host indicated; present paper:

Macolor niger B o x s h a l l et al., 2008 Elops hawaiensis B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 169

Lernanthropus corniger Yamaguti, 1954 Dinemoura latifolia (Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861) Yamaguti, No host indicated; present paper: 1963

Megalaspis cordyla B o x s h a l l & H u y s 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper: Isurus oxyrhinchus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Lernanthropus tylosuri Richiardi, 1880 Echthrogaleus coleoptratus (Guérin-Méneville, 1837) No host indicated; present paper: Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 Tylosurus crocodilus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper: Prionace glauca B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Lernanthropus sp. Bodianus perditio L im & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Nesippus crypturus Heller, 1868 No host indicated; present paper: Norion priacanthi (Kirtisinghe, 1956) Ho& Kim, 2004 Galeocerdo cuvier B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper:

Priacanthus hamrur B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Nesippus tigris Cressey, 1967 No host indicated; present paper: Sagum epinepheli (Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1960) Pillai & Galeocerdo cuvier B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Sebastian, 1967 Pandarus satyrus Dana, 1852 No host indicated; present paper: No host indicated; present paper: Epinephelus chlorostigma B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Prionace glauca B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper: Epi. coeruleopunctatus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Pandarus smithii Rathbun, 1886 No host indicated; present paper: No host indicated; present paper: Epinephelus cyanopodus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 ; Pristipomoides filamentosus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7

S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 No host indicated; present paper: Pseudopandarus gracilis Kirtisinghe, 1950

Epinephelus merra B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper: No host indicated; present paper: Squalus megalops B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper: Epinephelusmorrhua B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Squalus melanurus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper:

Plectropomus leopardus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 P e n n e l l id a e as unidentified Copepoda Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus Lernaeolophus striatus Wilson, 1913 S ig u r a et al., 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper: as Sagum sp. Plectropomus leopardus Pristipomoides filamentosus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Justine & Euzet, 2006 as Aethon sp. Epinephelus merra Justine, 2005b Sarcotretes scopeli Jungersen, 1911 Hymenocephalus gracilis B o x s h a l l , 1 9 8 9

L ernaeopodidae Brachiella thynni Cuvier, 1830 Unidentified larvae Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 Acanthocybium solandri R o h d e et al., 1 9 8 0

Margolisius cf. abditus Benz, Kabata & Bullard, 2000 P seudocycnidae Pseudocycnus appendiculatus Heller, 1868 No host indicated; present paper: No host indicated; present paper: Echeneis naucrates B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Thunnus albacares B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7

Naobranchia cf. spinosa Pearse, 1952 S p h y r iid a e No host indicated; present paper: Lophoura cornuta (Wilson, 1919) Yamaguti, 1963 Selar crumenophtalmus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Synaphobranchus cf. brevidorsalis B o x s h a l l , 1 9 8 9

Parabrachiella appendiculata (Heegaard, 1947) Boxshall& Taeniacanthidae Halsey, 2004 Irodes sauridi (Pillai, 1963) No host indicated; present paper: No host indicated; present paper: Upeneus vittatus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Chirocentrus dorab B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7

Metataeniacanthus vulgaris Cressey & Cressey, 1979 P a n d a r id a e No host indicated; present paper: Demoleus latus Shiino, 1954 Synodus similis B o x s h a l l & H u y s 2 0 0 7 No host indicated; present paper: No host indicated; present paper: Squalus megalops B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Synodus variegatus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 170 Jean-Lou Justine

Taeniacanthus ahtteri (Avdeev, 1977) Dojiri & Cressey, 1987 C orallanidae No host indicated; present paper: Argathona macronema (Bleeker, 1857) Monod, 1975 Abalistes stellatus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Plectropomus laevis J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2 0 0 6

Taeniacanthus kitamakura Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959 Argathona rhinoceros (Bleeker, 1857) Monod, 1975 No host indicated; present paper: Epinephelus cyanopodus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 Lagocephalus sceleratus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Plectropomus leopardus J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2 0 0 6

I s o p o d a C y m o t h o id a e (alphabetical order of fam ilies and species; 4 fam ilies Anilocra australis Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 recorded; 27 species recorded + unidentified species) No host indicated B r u c e , 2 0 0 7

U nidentified A d u l t I s o p o d Anilocra gigantea (Herklots, 1870) Schioedte & Meinert, 1881

Diagramma pictum B â il l o n , 1 9 9 1 Etelis carbunculus T r il l e s , 1 9 7 2

A e g id a e Anilocra longicauda Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 Aega alazon Bruce, 2004 No host indicated B r u c e , 2 0 0 7 Host unknown [Deep-sea] B r u c e , 2 0 0 4 Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) Schioedte & Meinert, Aega angustata Whitelegge, 1901 1883 Hexanchus nakamurai T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 4 Lutjanus amabilis’ [unknown in FishBase] Trilles, 1972 Squalus megalops T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 4 Squalus melanurus T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 4 Ceratothoa impressa (Say, 1818) Richardson, 1905 as Aega sp. B r u c e , 2 0 0 7 “Espadon (Swordfish)” T r il l e s 1 9 7 2

Aega coroo Bruce, 2004 Elthusa arnoglossi Trilles & Justine, 2006 No host indicated B r u c e , 2 0 0 7 Arnoglossus sp. T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6

Aega cf. deshaysiana (Milne Edwards, 1840) Schioedte & Elthusa parabothi Trilles & Justine, 2004 Meinert, 1879 Parabothus kiensis T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 4 Squalus megalops T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 4 Nerocila excisa (Richardson, 1901) Richardson Searle, 1914 Aega hamiota Bruce, 2004 Grammistes s p . T r il l e s , 1 9 7 2 Host unknown [Deep-sea] B r u c e , 2 0 0 4 G n a t h iid a e Aega kixalles Bruce, 2004 Gen. sp. larva Host unknown [Deep-sea] B r u c e , 2 0 0 4 Abalistes filamentosus R andall & Justine, 2008b Bodianus perditio Lim & Justine, 2007 Aega ntonophthalnut Johnston, 1834 Cephalopholis argus Justine, 2007d No host indicated B r u c e , 2 0 0 7 Cephalopholis boenak Justine, 2007d Cephalopholis sonnerati Justine, 2007d Aega musorstom Bruce, 2004 Cephalopholis urodeta Justine, 2008a Synagrops sp. [Deep-sea] B r u c e , 2 0 0 4 Epinephelus cyanopodus Sigura & Justine, 2008 Epinephelus maculatus Journo & Justine, 2006 Aega plebeia Hansen, 1897 Epinephelus morrhua J u s t i n e , 2 0 0 8 c No host indicated B r u c e , 2 0 0 7 Epinephelus rivulatus Hinsinger & Justine, 2006a Hemigymnus melapterus G rutter, 1999 Aega rickbruscai Bruce, 2004 Lethrinus harak R ascalou & Justine, 2007 Host unknown [Deep-sea] B r u c e , 2 0 0 4 Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Justine, 2007e Pentapodus aureofasciatus Justine & Brena, 2009 Aega vigilans Haswell, 1881 Scolopsis bilineatus G rutter, 1999 No host indicated B r u c e , 2 0 0 7 A canthocephala Aega webbi (Guérin-Méneville, 1836) Schioedte & Meinert, only unidentified species 1879 Squalus megalops T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 4 Unidentified Acanthocephala as Aega urotoma Barnard, 1914 Bruce, 2007 Epinephelus morrhua J u s t i n e , 2 0 0 8 c

Aega sp. of Bruce, 2004 H r u d in e a Host unknown B r u c e , 2 0 0 4 only unidentified species

Syscenus latus Richardson, 1909 Unidentified Hirudinea No host indicated B r u c e , 2 0 0 7 Diagramma pictum B â il l o n , 1 9 9 1 Lethrinus harak R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Syscenus moana Bruce, 2005 No host indicated B r u c e , 2 0 0 7 Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 171

TABLE 2. Host-Parasite list

57 families recorded with parasites; 177 species recorded with parasites

D a s y a t id a e H o s t U n k n o w n ( o r n o t in d ic a t e d ) Urogymnus asperinmms (Bloch & Schneider) [not Taeniura Copepoda Caligus novocaledonicus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Isopoda Aega alazon B r u c e , 2004 meyeni Müller & Henle, erroneous] Isopoda Aega coroo B r u c e , 2007 Nematoda Echinocephalus overstreeti Isopoda Aega hamiota B r u c e , 2004 M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2006b Isopoda Aega kixalles B r u c e , 2004 Isopoda Aega monophthalma B r u c e , 2007 H emigaleidae Isopoda Aega plebeia B r u c e , 2007 Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell) Isopoda Aega rickbruscai B r u c e , 2004 C. Trypanorhyncha Otobothrium parvum

Isopoda Aega sp. B r u c e , 2004 B e v e r id g e & Ju s t in e , 2006 Isopoda Aega vigilans B r u c e , 2007 Copepoda Paralebion elongatus

Isopoda Anilocra australis B r u c e , 2007 B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Isopoda Anilocra gigantea T r il l e s , 1972

Isopoda Anilocra longicauda B r u c e , 2007 H e x a n c h id a e Isopoda Syscenus latus B r u c e , 2007 Hexanchus nakanmrai Teng [Deep-sea] Isopoda Syscenus moana B r u c e , 2007 C. Trypanorhyncha Paragrillotia apecteta

B ev er id g e & Ju s t in e , 2007a E lasmobranchii Isopoda Aega angustata T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2004 (alphabetical order of families and species; 9 families recorded with parasites; 14 species recorded with L a m n id a e parasites) Isurus oxyrhinchus Rafinesque

Copepoda Dinemoura latifolia B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 C archarhinidae Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker) M yliobatidae C. Trypanorhyncha Otobothrium parvum Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen) B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2007c Monopisthocotylea Clemacotyle australis Nematoda Huffmanela lata J u s t in e , 2005a M a r ie & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 Copepoda Nemesis robusta B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Decacotyle elpora Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo) M a r ie & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 Copepoda Pandarus smithii B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Decacotyle octona M a r ie & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur) Monopisthocotylea Thaumatocotyle pseudodasybatis C. Trypanorhyncha Otobothrium curtum M a r ie & Ju stin e , 2005,2006 B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2007c C. Tetraphyllidea Acanthobothrium aetiobatis Nematoda Terranova scoliodontis M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2006b B a e r & E u z e t , 1 9 6 2 Copepoda Alebion carchariae B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Nematoda Echinocephalus sinensis

Copepoda Kroyeria dispar B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 b Copepoda Nesippus crypturus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007

Copepoda Nesippus tigris B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 S q u a l id a e Squahis megalops Macleay [Deep-sea] Negaprion acutidens (Rüppell) C. Tetraphyllidea, unidentified adults

C. Trypanorhyncha Paragrillotia spratti B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 B ev er id g e & Ju s t in e , 2007a C. Trypanorhyncha Gilquinia robertsoni

B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 6 Prionace glauca (Linnaeus) Copepoda Demoleus latus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Copepoda Echthrogaleus coleoptratus Copepoda Pseudopandarus gracilis B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 Copepoda Pandarus satyrus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Isopoda Aega angustata T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 4

Isopoda Aega webbi T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 4 C entrophoridae as.Tegn urotoma Bruce, 2 0 0 7 Centrophorus sp. [Deep-sea] Isopoda.Tegn cf. deshaysiana T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 4 C. Tetraphyllidea, unidentified adults B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2006 C. Trypanorhyncha Gilquinia minor Squahis cf. megalops [Deep-sea] B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2006 C. Trypanorhyncha Chimaerarhynchus rougetae C. Trypanorhyncha Sagittirhynchus aculeatus O l s o n et al., 2010; B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2006 P a l m et al., 2009 172 Jean-Lou Justine

Squahis melanurus Fourmanoir & Rivaton [Deep-sea] Nematoda Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pacificus Monopisthocotylea Triloculotrema chisholmae J u s t in e , 2009a M o r a v e c et al., 2006b Polyopisthocotylea Hexabothriidae, unidentified Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner [freshwater]

J u s t in e , 2 0 0 9 a Digenea Stegodexamene anguillae C. Tetraphyllidea, unidentified adults M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2007c B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2006 Nematoda Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pacificus C. Trypanorhyncha Gilquinia sp. B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2006 M o r a v e c et al., 2006b C. Trypanorhyncha Vittirhynchus squali B e v e r id g e & J u s t in e , 2006 A ntennariidae Copepoda Pseudopandarus gracilis B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Antennariidae sp. (recruiting larvae) Isopoda Aega angustata T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2004 Digenea Hemiuridae (immature unidentifiable) C r ib b et al., 2000

S tegostomatidae A p o g o n id a e Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann) Apogon angustatus (Smith & Radcliffe)? (recruiting larvae) C. Trypanorhyncha Hornelliella annandalei Digenea Didymozoidae larva B C r ib b et al., 2000

B ev er id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b C. Trypanorhyncha Mixonybelinia southwelli Apogon coccineus Rüppell (recruiting larvae)

B ev er id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Digenea Didymozoidae larva A C rib b et al., 2000 C. Trypanorhyncha Pseudolacistorhynchus heroniensis Digenea Didymozoidae larva B C r ib b et al., 2000 C rib b B ev er id g e & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 b Digenea Didymozoidae larva E et al., 2000 C. Trypanorhyncha Pseudolacistorhynchus nanus Digenea Didymozoidae larva F C rib b et al., 2000 B ev er id g e & J u s t in e , 2007b A t h e r in id a e Copepoda Alebion gracilis B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Myctophidae “pretre” (?Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster) Digenea Bivesiculoides posterotestis A ctinopterygii (alphabetical order of families and species; 48 families recorded D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a with parasites; 163 species recorded with parasites) B a l is t id a e Abalistes filamentosus Matsuura & Yoshino A canthuridae Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes Copepoda, unidentified R a n d a l l & J u s t in e , 2008b Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva Digenea Parvipyrum acantlmri B r a y & J u s t in e , 2008a R a n d a l l & J u s t in e , 2008b Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes Abalistes stellatus Anonymous (ex Commerson) Turbellaria, unidentified J u s t in e et al., 2009b Digenea Cableia balistidicola B r a y et al., 2009b Nematoda Rhabdochonidae [as female H. balista, Naso sp. “unicorn fish” erroneous] J u s t in e , 2007b, Digenea Hapladena tanyorchis D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 This paper Digenea Quadrifoliovarium pritchardae M a n t e r , 1969 Nematoda Huffmanela balista, male J u s t in e , 2007b Copepoda Hatschekia balistae B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Naso unicornis (Forsskäl) Copepoda Metataeniacanthus vulgaris Turbellaria Piscinquilinus sp. J u s t in e et al., 2009b B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Dioncopseudobenedenia Itala Copepoda Taeniacanthus aluteri B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 P e r k in s et al., 2009 Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch & Schneider) Nematoda Capillariidae Gen. sp. M o r a v e c , 2001 Copepoda Hatschekia balistae B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Copepoda Alanlewisia fallolunulus B o x s h a l l , 2008 Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch & Schneider) Zebrasoma veliferum (Bloch) Monopisthocotylea Trochopodinae Gen. sp. 1 Digenea Affecauda salacia H a l l & C r ib b , 2004b P e r k in s et al., 2009 Digenea Acanthocolpidae, unidentified Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier) B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Nematoda Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) longus Digenea Cableia balistidicola [as Cableia sp.] M o r a v e c et al., 2006a B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b A cropomatidae Digenea Cableia balistidicola B r a y et al., 2009b Synagrops sp. [Deep-sea] Digenea Hypocreadium toombo B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a Isopoda Aega musorstom B r u c e , 2004 Digenea Lepocreadiidae, unidentified B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Digenea Lobatocreadium exiguum B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a A l b u l id a e Digenea Pseudopycnadena tendu B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Albula glossodonta (Forsskäl) Digenea Sphincteristomum acollum B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Nematoda Spinitectus (Paraspinitectus) sp. Digenea Stephanostomum sp. B r a y & Ju s t in e , 2007b M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b Copepoda Dissonus heronensi B o x s h a l l et al., 2008 A n g u il l id a e Copepoda Hatschekia balistae B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Anguilla obscura Günther [freshwater] Digenea Stegodexamene anguillae M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2007c Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 173

Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille) Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema aurigae Digenea Hypocreadium patellare B r a y et al., 2009a P l a is a n c e et al., 2004 Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a B e l o n id a e Strongylura leiura (Bleeker) syn. of Tylosurus leiurus Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier (Bleeker) ? Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrematoides grandis Digenea Dichadena obesa M a n t e r , 1969 P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema aurigae

Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur) P l a is a n c e et al., 2004 Digenea Lecithostaphylus nitens B r a y & J u s t in e , 2008a Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Nematoda Philometra dentigubemaculata M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009a Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier

Copepoda Lernanthropus tylosuri B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Turbellaria, unidentified J u s t in e et al., 2009b B l e n iid a e Bleniidae Gen. sp. (recruiting larvae) Chaetodon flavirostris Günther C r ib b Digenea Didymozoidae larva A et al., 2000 Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Digenea Hemiuridae (immature unidentifiable) C r ib b et al., 2000 Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier B o t h id a e Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell) (recruiting larvae) Digenea Cardicola chaetodontis N o l a n & C r ib b , 2006 Digenea Didymozoidae larva B C r ib b et al., 2000 Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider Arnoglossus sp. [Deep-sea] Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Isopoda Elthusa arnoglossi T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2006 Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier Parabothus kiensis [Deep-sea] Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Isopoda Elthusa parabothi T r il l e s & J u s t in e , 2004 Chaetodon pelewensis Kner C a r a n g id a e Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskäl) Polyopisthocotylea Heteromicrocotyla australiensis Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus B a r t o n et al., 2009 Monopisthocotylea Aliatrema cribbi Polyopisthocotylea Heteromicrocotyloides megaspinosus P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 B a r t o n et al., 2009 Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrematoides annulicirrus Copepoda Caligus cordyla B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrematoides aspitis Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 Digenea Prosorhynchoides lamprelli B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006b Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrematoides grandis P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskäl) Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema aurigae P l a is a n c e et al., 2004 Nematoda Metabronema magnum M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2007b Coradion altivelis McCulloch Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus) Copepoda Lernanthropus corniger B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan & McGregor Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Selar crumenophtahims (Bloch) Copepoda Naobranchia cf. spinosa B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus) Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a C haetodontidae Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus) “Chaetodon acuminatus” Heniochus chrysostonuts Cuvier Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a Monopisthocoty lea Aliatrema cribbi Chaetodon auriga Forsskäl P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 Monopisthocotylea Aliatrema cribbi Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrematoides microphallus P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrematoides annulicirrus Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema aurigae P l a is a n c e e t a l ., 2004 P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrematoides grandis Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrematoides pirulum Heniochus nwnoceros Cuvier Digenea Aponurus chelebesoi B r a y & C r ib b , 2000a P l a is a n c e & K r it s k y , 2004 174 Jean-Lou Justine

C h a n id a e H oplichthyidae Chanos chanos (Forsskäl) Hoplichthys citrinus Gilbert [Deep-sea] Digenea Isorchis parvus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1 9 6 9 Nematoda Ascarophis (Similarascarophis) richeri M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2007a

C hirocentridae Nematoda Ichthyofilaria novaecaledoniensis Chirocentrus dorab (Forsskäl) M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009a Copepoda Parabrachiella appendiculata

B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 I stiophoridae

C oryphaenidae Tetrapturus audax (Philippi) Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus Nematoda Hysterothylacium cenaticum M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2005a Copepoda Caligus coryphaenae B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Copepoda Gloiopotes watsoni B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007

E c h e n e id a e ‘Espadon’ (Swordfish) Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus Isopoda Ceratothoa impressa T r il l e s , 1972 Copepoda Margolisius cf. abditus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007

K u h l iid a e E l o p id a e Kiditia marginata (Cuvier) [freshwater] Elops hawaiensis Regan Nematoda Camallanus cotti (larvae) Copepoda Gloiopotes watsoni B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2006a

L a b r id a e G o b iid a e Bodianus perditio (Quoy & Gaimard) [in Manter as Awaous guamensis (Valenciennes) [freshwater] “Lepidaplois perditio”] Nematoda Camallanus cotti M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2006a Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema banana L im & J u s t in e , 2007 Digenea Intusatrium robustum B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a; H a e m u l id a e D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Diagramma pictum (Thunberg) Nematoda Cucullanidae, unidentified L im & J u s t in e , 2007 Digenea Holorchis castex B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007a Nematoda Huffmanela ossicola J u s t in e , 2007b; Digenea Lasiotocus plectorhynchi B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007a L im & J u s t in e , 2007 Digenea, unidentified B â il l o n , 1991 Copepoda Dissonus excavatus B o x s h a l l e t a l ., 2008; Nematoda Camallanidae, unidentified B â il l o n , 1991 L im & J u s t in e , 2007 Isopoda, unidentified adults B â il l o n , 1991 Copepoda Hatschekia sp. L im & J u s t in e , 2007 Hirudinea, unidentified B â il l o n , 1991 Copepoda Lepeophtheirus sp. L im & J u s t in e , 2007 Copepoda Lernanthropus sp. L im & J u s t in e , 2007 Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacépède Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva L im & J u s t in e , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Capsalidae sp. 1 P e r k in s et al., 2009 Bodianus loxozonus (Snyder) Plectorhinchus goldnumi (Bleeker) Digenea Intusatrium robustum B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a Copepoda Holorchis plectorhynchi D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Nematoda Huffmanela ossicola J u s t in e , 2004

Plectorhinchus lineatus Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch) Turbellaria, unidentified J u s t in e et al., 2009b Digenea Anuretes justinei V e n m a t h i M a r a n et al., 2008

Plectorhinchus sp. (“loche castex”) Choerodon graphicus (De Vis) Digenea Postlepidapedon secundum B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a Digenea Lasiotocus longitestis D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Digenea Hysterorchis vitellosus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch) Digenea Choanostoma secundum D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva G r u t t e r , 1999

H emiramphidae Hemiramphus sp. Labridae sp. (recruiting larvae) Digenea Didymozoidae larva D C r ib b et al., 2000 Digenea Tergestia clonacantha D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Digenea Didymozoidae larva G C r ib b et al., 2000

H olocentridae Sargocentron ensifer (Jordan & Evermann) Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes) Digenea Lecithochirium cirrhiti M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b Digenea Rhipidocotyle sp. J o n e s et al., 2003,2004

Sargocentron spiniferum (Forsskäl) Thalassoma hitescens (Lay & Bennett) Digenea Lecithochirium cirrhiti M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b Turbellaria, unidentified J u s t in e et al., 2009b Nematoda Ascarophis (Dentiascarophis) adioryx M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b Thalassoma sp. (recruiting larvae) Digenea Didymozoidae larva D C r ib b et al., 2000 Neoniphon sanunara (Forsskäl) Digenea Didymozoidae larva G C r ib b et al., 2000

Digenea Lecithochirium cirrhiti M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b C. Tetraphyllidea Metacestode C r ib b et al., 2000 Nematoda Ascarophis (Dentiascarophis) adioryx M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009b Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 175

L e t h r in id a e Digenea Opecoelidae, unidentified Gnathodentex aureolineatus (Lacépède) R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus sp. J u s t in e , 2007e; Copepoda Hatschekia sp. R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007

J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 Gymnocranius euanus (Günther) Hirudinea, unidentified R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus parvicornis

J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Lethrinus lentjan Lacépède Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus magnicornis Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides difficilis

J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e 2007 2 species above as Monopisthocotylea hnwie/forf/s«« sp. Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides duplicostatus J u s t in e , 2007e R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 Polyopisthocotylea Microcotylidae, unidentified Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema sp. J u s t in e , 2007e

J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Digenea Orthodena tropica B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b

Gymnocranius grandoculis (Valenciennes) Lethrinus miniatus (Forster) Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus magnicornis Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides australis J u s t in e , 2007e Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides gussevi J u s t in e , 2007e J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus parvicornis Digenea Hamacreadium mutabile D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Digenea Holorchis plectorhynchi D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus tubulicornis Digenea Lecithochirium magnaporum M a n t e r , 1969 Nematoda Philometra lethrini M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009a J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 3 species above as Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus sp. Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskäl) ? (“bee de cane” in Manter) J u s t in e , 2007e Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides difficilis Polyopisthocotylea Microcotylidae, unidentified R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides duplicostatus Nematoda Huffmanela filamentosa J u s t in e , 2004 R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 Nematoda Huffmanela longa J u s t in e , 2007b Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides terpsichore R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e ,, 2007 Gymnocranius sp. A of Justine & Briand, 2009 Monopisthocotylea Encotyllabe sp. Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus magnicornis R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema sp. J u s t in e , 2007e; R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 Gymnocranius sp. B of Justine & Briand, 2009 Polyopisthocotylea Microcotylidae, unidentified Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus magnicornis R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Digenea Diphtherostomum tropicum D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus parvicornis Digenea Hamacreadium diacopae D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Digenea Opecoelidae, unidentified R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Lamellodiscus tubulicornis Digenea Orthodena tropica D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b J u s t in e & B r ia n d , 2 0 0 9 Digenea Pseudoplagioporus interruptus

D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale Digenea Pseudoplagioporus lethrini D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides rohdei J u s t in e , 2007e Copepoda Hatschekia sp. R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 Digenea Zoogonus pagrosomi B r a y & J u s t in e , 2008a

Lethrinus genivittatus Valenciennes Lethrinus obsoletus (Forsskäl) Digenea Zoogonus pagrosomi B r a y & J u s t in e , 2008a Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides difficilis Nematoda Philometra lethrini M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2008, R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 2009a Lethrinus ravus Carpenter & Randall Lethrinus harak Forsskäl Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides difficilis

Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides difficilis R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007

R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema sp. J u s t in e , 2007e Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides duplicostatus Nematoda Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. 2 R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 M o r a v e c e t a l ., 2 0 0 6 a Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides terpsichore R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Sato Monopisthocotylea Encotyllabe sp. Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides euzeti J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 Monopisthocotylea Encotyllabe sp. J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema spp. (3 species) Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema sp. J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e J u s t in e , 2007e; Digenea Didymozoidae, unidentified J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2007 Digenea Pseudoplagioporus interruptus Digenea Didymozoidae, unidentified adult B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b; R a s c a l o u & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 J u s t in e , 2007e 176 Jean-Lou Justine

C. Trypanorhyncha Nybelinia sp. J u s t in e , 2007e Digenea Lecithochirium polynemi M a n t e r , 1969

C. Trypanorhyncha Otobothrium sp. J u s t in e , 2007e Digenea Siphoderina provitellosus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b

Copepoda Caligus lethrinicola B o x s h a l l & E l -R a s h id y , 2009 as Copepoda Caligus cf. mauritanicus Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskäl) Monopisthocotylea Ancyrocephalidae, unidentified B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2 0 0 7 ; K r it s k y et al., 2009 J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 e Digenea Hamacreadium mutabile B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva J u s t in e , 2007e Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch) Lethrinus variegatus Valenciennes Monopisthocotylea Ancyrocephalidae, unidentified Nematoda Philometra lethrini M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009a K r it s k y et al., 2009 Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrema sp. K r it s k y et al., 2009 Lethrinus xanthochilus Klunzinger Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides lanx Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides euzeti J u s t in e , 2007e K r it s k y et al., 2009 Monopisthocotylea Encotyllabe sp. J u s t in e , 2007e Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides longitubocirrus Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema sp. J u s t in e , 2007e K r it s k y et al., 2009 Copepoda, unidentified larvae J u s t in e , 2007e Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides patellacirrus

K r it s k y et al., 2009 L u t j a n id a e Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker) Aprion virescens Valenciennes Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrema sp. Monopisthocotylea Pseudonitzschia uku P e r k in s et al., 2009 K r it s k y et al., 2009 Nematoda Cucullanus boutdini P e t t e r & L e B e l , 1992 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides longitubocirrus

K r it s k y et al., 2009 Etelis carbunculus Cuvier [Deep-sea] Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides patellacirrus B r a y & J u s t in e , Digenea Neolebouria blatta 2009a K r it s k y et al., 2009 Isopoda Anilocra gigantea T r il l e s , 1972 Lutjanus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard) Monopisthocotylea Ancyrocephalidae, unidentified ‘Lutjanus amabilis’ (??? not in FishBase) K r it s k y et al., 2009 Digenea Hamacreadium mutabile D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrema sp. K r it s k y et al., 2009 Isopoda Ceratothoa carinata T r il l e s , 1972 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides longitubocirrus

K r it s k y et al., 2009 Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskäl) Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides patellacirrus Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrema sp. K r it s k y et al., 2009 K r it s k y et al., 2009 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides novaecaledoniae Digenea Choanostoma secundum D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b K r it s k y et al., 2009 Nematoda Philometra sp. M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2008 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides potens K r it s k y et al., 2009 Macolor niger (Forsskäl) Digenea Stephanostomum casum D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Copepoda Dissonus excavatus B o x s h a l l et al., 2008 Lutjanus bohar (Forsskäl) ? (“anglais” in Manter) Pristipomoides argyrogranmticus (Valenciennes) [Deep-sea] Digenea Hamacreadium mutabile D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Digenea Neolebouria blatta B r a y & J u s t in e , 2009a Digenea Siphoderina catalae D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 B o x s h a l l & H u y s , Digenea Siphoderina longitestis D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Copepoda Lernaeolophus striatus 2007 Digenea Siphoderina paracatalae D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Digenea Siphoderina testitactus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Pristipomoides filamentosus (Valenciennes) [Deep-sea] Nematoda Cucullanus boutdini P e t t e r & L e B e l , 1992 Lutjanus fulviflanuna (Forsskäl) Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrema sp. K r it s k y et al., 2009 Pristipomoides flavipinnis Shinohara [Deep-sea] Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides patellacirrus Nematoda Cucullanus boutdini P e t t e r & L e B e l , 1992 K r it s k y et al., 2009

Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides tainophallus M a c r o u r i d a e K r it s k y eta!,2009 Hymenocephahis gracilis Gilbert & Hubbs [Deep-sea]

Digenea Hamacreadium mutabile B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Copepoda Sarcotretes scopeli B o x s h a l l , 1989 Digenea Lobosorchis tibaldiae M l l e r & C r ib b , 2005

Digenea Retrovarium sp. M l l e r & C r ib b , 2007 M onacanthidae Ahiterus monoceros (Linnaeus) Lutjanus fulvus (Forster) (as Lutjanus vaigiensis in Manter, Digenea Aponurus laguncula Q uilichini et al., 2009b junior )

Monopisthocotylea Ancyrocephalidae, unidentified M u g il id a e K r it s k y et al., 2009 Mugilidae Monopisthocotylea Euryhaliotrema sp. Digenea Hymenocotta mulli D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a K r it s k y et al., 2009 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides longitubocirrus M u l l id a e K r it s k y et al., 2009 Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Valenciennes) Monopisthocotylea Haliotrematoides patellacirrus Monopisthocotylea Penrndituba cymansis K r it s k y et al., 2009 R e h u l k o v â et al., 2009 Digenea Hexangium sigani D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 177

Monopisthocotylea Pennulituba piratifalx R e h u l k o v â et al., 2009 P riacanthidae Monopisthocotylea Volsellituba elephantina Priacanthus hanirur (Forsskäl)

R e h u l k o v â et al., 2009 Digenea Dupliciporia lanterna B r a y & J u s t in e , 2008a Monopisthocotylea Volsellituba nabla Digenea Parahemiurus merus B r a y & C r ib b , 2005 Nematoda Philometra priacanthi M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009a R e h u l k o v â et al., 2009 Monopisthocotylea Volsellituba orchidea Copepoda Norion priacanthi B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007

R e h u l k o v â et al., 2009 Digenea Homalometron moraveci S c a r id a e Scaridae? “Brown-blotched parrot fish” [Probably erroneous B r a y et al., 2007 for Labridae] Parupeneus multifasciatus (Quoy & Gaimard) Digenea Intusatrium secundum D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Digenea Deretrema combesae B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 b Scarus (= Callyodon) sp. Digenea Deretrema combesorum Digenea Lecithaster testilobatus M a n t e r , 1969 B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 b

Digenea Didymozoidae, unidentified juveniles S c o m b r id a e B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 b Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier) Digenea Lecithochirium sp. B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 b Polyopisthocotylea Neothoracocotyle acanthocybii B r a y & J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 b Digenea Phyllodistomum sp. R o h d e et al., 1980 Copepoda Brachiella thynni R o h d e et al., 1980 Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacépède) Copepoda Caligus productus R o h d e et al., 1980 Nematoda Camallanus carangis M o r a v e c et al., 2006a Copepoda Gloiopotes hygomianus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Upeneus vittatus (Forsskäl) Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus) Nematoda Camallanus carangis M o r a v e c et al., 2006a PolyopisthocotyleaHWo/wei/rfn.r/we sp. R o h d e et al., 1980 Copepoda Irodes sauridi B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Polyopisthocotylea Allopseudaxinoides vagans

N emipteridae R o h d e et al., 1980 Nemipterus furcosus (Valenciennes) Digenea Syncoelium filiferum R o h d e et al., 1980 Turbellaria, unidentified J u s t in e et al., 2009b Nematoda Ctenascarophis lesteri C r it e s et al., 1993 Monopisthocotylea Benedenia sp. J u s t in e & B r e n a , 2009 Copepoda Caligus bonito R o h d e et al., 1980 Polyopisthocotylea Microcotylidae, unidentified Copepoda Caligus productus R o h d e et al., 1980 J u s t in e & B r e n a , 2009 Digenea Macvicaria jagannathi B r a y & J u s t in e , 2009b Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier) B r a y & J u s t in e , Digenea Neolebouria lineatus 2009b Copepoda Pumiliopes capitulatus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Nematoda Camallanus carangis M o r a v e c et al., 2006a Nematoda Huffmanela branchialis J u s t in e , 2004 Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède) Nematoda Raphidascaris (Ichtyiascaris) nemipteri Copepoda Caligus infestans B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2005a Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre) Pentapodus aureofasciatus Russell Copepoda Caligus bonito B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 [Pentapodus sp. in Justine, 2004] Monopisthocotylea Calydiscoides limae Copepoda Pseudocycnus appendiculatus B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 J u s t in e & B r e n a , 2009 Polyopisthocotylea Microcotylidae, unidentified Scombridae “mackerel” J u s t in e & B r e n a , 2009 Digenea Lecithocladium aegyptensis M a n t e r , 1969 Nematoda Huffmanela sp. J u s t in e , 2004, 2007b Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva J u s t in e & B r e n a , 2009 S corpaenidae Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier)

Scolopsis bilineata (Bloch) C. Trypanorhyncha Nybelinia syngenes P a l m , 2004; Nematoda Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. 2 P a l m & B e v e r id g e , 2002 M o r a v e c et al., 2006a Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva G r u t t e r , 1999 Scorpaenidae Gen. sp. (recruiting larvae) Digenea Didymozoidae larva A C r ib b et al., 2000 P inguipedidae Parapercis hexophtalnui (Cuvier) S e r r a n id a e Nematoda Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. 1 Cephalopholis argus Bloch & Schneider M o r a v e c et al., 2006a Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus argus

J u s t in e , 2007d P omacanthidae Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Cuvier) Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva J u s t in e , 2007d Copepoda Pseudanuretes fortipedis B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Cephalopholis aurantia x C. spiloparaea (Hybrid, cf. Randall

P omacentridae & Justine, 2008a) Chromis viridis (Cuvier) C. Bothriocephalidea Bothriocephalus celineae

Turbellaria, unidentified J u s t in e et al., 2009b K u c h t a et al., 2009a 178 Jean-Lou Justine

C. Bothriocephalidea B. celineae [as pseudophyll. cestode] Digenea Cainocreadium epinepheli S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 R a n d a l l & J u s t in e , 2008a Digenea Didymozoidae unidentified sp.1

Copepoda, unidentified larvae R a n d a l l & J u s t in e , 2008a S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Digenea Didymozoidae unidentified sp.2 Cephalopholis boenak Bloch S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008

Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva J u s t in e , 2007d Digenea Erilepturus hamati M a n t e r , 1969; S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes) C. Tetraphyllidea, unidentified larvae S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus minutus C. Trypanorhyncha Floriceps minacanthus J u s t in e , 2007d S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Monopisthocotylea Diplectanum nanus J u s t in e , 2007d C. Trypanorhyncha Pseudolacistorhynchus heroniensis Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema sp. J u s t in e , 2007d S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Copepoda, unidentified larva J u s t in e , 2007d Nematoda Philometra cyanopodi [as Ph. lateolabracis] Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva J u s t in e , 2007d M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2005b Nematoda Philometra cyanopodi M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2008 Cephalopholis urodeta (Forster) Nematoda Philometra ocularis M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2005b Monopisthocotylea Diplectanum parvus J u s t in e , 2008a Nematoda Procamallanus sp. S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Digenea, unidentified J u s t in e , 2008a Nematoda Terranova sp., larvae S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 C. Tetraphyllidea larvae, unidentified J u s t in e , 2008a Copepoda Dissonus manteri B o x s h a l l et al., 2008) C. Trypanorhyncha Floriceps minacanthus J u s t in e , 2008a Copepoda Hatschekia cernae S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Nematoda Anisakidae larvae, unidentified J u s t in e , 2008a Copepoda Hatschekia sp. (2 species) Copepoda, unidentified J u s t in e , 2008a S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva J u s t in e , 2008a Copepoda Pennellidae, unidentified larvae S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskäl) Copepoda Sagum epinepheli B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007; Nematoda Philometra ocularis S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2008, 2009a Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes) [Deep-sea] Isopoda Argathona rhinoceros S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli J u s t in e , 2009b Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskäl) B o x s h a l l & H u y s , Copepoda Sagum epinepheli 2007 Turbellaria, unidentified J u s t in e et al., 2009b Monopisthocotylea Benedenia cf. epinepheli J u s t in e , 2005b Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton) Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus caledonicus C. Trypanorhyncha Pseudogilquiniapillersi H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2006a; B e v e r id g e et al., 2007 J u s t in e , 2005b Nematoda Philometra ocularis M o r a v e c & Ju s t in e , 2005b Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus youngi J u s t in e et al., 2009a Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Bloch) Monopisthocotylea Ps. youngi [as Ps. cupatus] Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema sp. S ig u r a et al., 2007 H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2006a; Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus bacchus J u s t in e , 2005b S ig u r a et al., 2007 Digenea A. novaecaledoniae [as Siphoderina elongata] Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. Q u il ic h in i et al., 2009a S ig u r a et al., 2007 Digenea Adlardia novaecaledoniae M l l e r et al., 2009 Digenea Cainocreadium epinepheli B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Digenea Allopodocotyle epinepheli B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Copepoda Sagum epinepheli B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Digenea Cainocreadium epinepheli B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b as Copepoda, unidentified S ig u r a et al., 2007 Digenea Helicometra epinepheli B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Digenea Lepidapedoides angustus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006a Epinephelus cyanopodus (Richardson) Nematoda Philometra fasciati [as Ph. lateolabracis\ Monopisthocotylea Allobenedenia sp. M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2005b S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Nematoda Philometra fasciati M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2008 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema sp. S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Nematoda Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) variolae Monopisthocotylea Laticola cyanus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 M o r a v e c et al., 2006a Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus chauveti Copepoda Hatschekia sp. J u s t in e , 2005b S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus cyanopodus Epinepliehis fuscoguttatus (Forsskäl) S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus duitoe Monopisthocotylea Capsalidae Trochopodinae Gen. sp. 4 P e r k in s et al., 2009 S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus exoticus S ig u r a & J u s t in e 2008 Epinephehis howlandi (Günther) Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus huitoe Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus venus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2006b Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus podocyanus Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus cyathus S ig u r a & J u s t in e , 2008 H in s in g e r & Ju s t in e , 2006a Digenea Allopodocotyle epinepheli B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 179

Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch) C. Trypanorhyncha larvae R ig b y et al., 1997 Monopisthocotylea Diplectanum uitoe J u s t in e , 2007c Copepoda Aethon sp. B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema epinepheli J u s t in e , 2007c Copepoda Sagum epinepheli B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema sp. J u s t in e , 2007c Monopisthocotylea Laticola dae J o u r n o & J u s t in e , 2006 Epinepliehis morrhua (Valenciennes) [Deep-sea] Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus auitoe Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 c J u s t in e , 2007c Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema sp. J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 c Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus buitoe Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus morrhua J u s t in e , 2007c J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 c Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus cuitoe Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus variabilis J u s t in e , 2007c J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 c Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus duitoe C. Trypanorhyncha, unidentified larva J u s t in e , 2 0 0 8 c J u s t in e , 2007c Copepoda Sagum epinepheli B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus euitoe J u s t in e , 2007c Epinepliehis rivulatus (Valenciennes) Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus fuitoe Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus calathus J u s t in e , 2007c H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2006a Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus guitoe Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus inversus J u s t in e , 2007c J u s t in e , 2008b Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus huitoe Nematoda Philometra ocularis M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2005b J u s t in e , 2 0 0 7 c Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva Digenea Didymozoidae, unidentified adult H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2006a J o u r n o & J u s t in e , 2006 Copepoda Dissonus manteri B o x s h a l l et al., 2008; Epinepliehis sp. J o u r n o & J u s t in e , 2006 Digenea Neidhartia coronata D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Copepoda Hatschekia sp. (2 species) J o u r n o & J u s t in e , 2006 Digenea Prosorhynchus freitasi D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Isopoda Gnathiidae, unidentified larva Journo & Justine, 2006 Digenea Pacificreadium serrani D u r io & M a n t e r 1968b Digenea Lecithochirium magnaporum M a n t e r , 1969 Epinepliehis malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider) Digenea Erilepturus tiegsi M a n t e r , 1969 Monopisthocotylea Diplectanum maa J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus cf. Epinepliehis sp. “Red Cod” shenzhenensis J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 Digenea Helicometra fasciata D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus maaensis Digenea Lepidapedoides dollfusi (as Neolepidapedon J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7 dollfusi) D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus Digenea Stephanostomum japonocasum malabaricus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7 D u r io & M a n t e r 1969 Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus manifestus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7 Epinepliehis sp. “Spotted Grouper” Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus manipulus Digenea Lepidapedoides dollfusi (as Neolepidapedon J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7 dollfusi) D u r io & M a n t e r 1968b Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus marcellus J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2 0 0 7 Granumstes sp. Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus maternus Isopoda Nerocila excisa T r il l e s , 1972 J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 Digenea Cainocreadium sp. J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 Plectropomus laevis (Lacépède) Digenea Prosorhynchus maternus B r a y & J u s t in e , 2006b Monopisthocotylea Echinoplectanum chauvetorum C. Trypanorhyncha Pseudogilquiniapillersi J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2006 B e v e r i d g e et al., 2007 Monopisthocotylea Echinoplectanum laeve C. Trypanorhyncha Pseudotobothrium dipsacum J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2006 J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 C. Trypanorhyncha P seudogilquinia pillersi Copepoda Hatschekia sp. J u s t in e & S ig u r a , 2007 B e v e r id g e et al., 2007 Copepoda Dissonus manteri B o x s h a l l et al., 2008 Epinephelus merra (Bloch) Copepoda Hatschekia cf. plectropomi Monopisthocotylea Benedenia sp. H in sin g er & J u stin e , 2006a B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus cf. Isopoda Argathona macronema J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2006 coioidesis H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2006a Monopisthocotylea Psei/rfor/inèrfoyvwoc/H« Plectropomus leopardus (Lacépède) melanesiensis H in s in g e r & J u s t in e , 2006a; Monopisthocotylea Capsalidae Trochopodinae Gen. sp. J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 b J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2006; Digenea Allopodocotyle epinepheli B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b P e r k in s et al., 2009 Digenea Helicometra epinepheli B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Monopisthocotylea Echinoplectanum leopardi Digenea Helicometra fasciata R ig b y et al., 1997 J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2006 Digenea Lepidapedoides angustus R ig b y et al., 1997 Monopisthocotylea Echinoplectanum pudicum C. Tetraphyllidea ‘ Scolex polymorphus ’ J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2006 R ig b y et al., 1997 Monopisthocotylea Echinoplectanum rarum J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2006 180 Jean-Lou Justine

Digenea Pacificreadium serrani Digenea Atractotrema sigani D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b Digenea Gyliauchen papillatus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Copepoda Dissonus manteri B o x s h a l l et al., 2008 Digenea Hexangium sigani D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Copepoda Hatschekia cf. plectropomi Digenea Hysterolecitha sigani M a n t e r , 1969 B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Digenea Paracryptogonimus saccatus D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969 Copepoda Sagum epinepheli B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Digenea Theletrum frontilatum M a n t e r , 1969 Isopoda Argathona rhinoceros J u s t in e & E u z e t , 2006

S illaginidae Pseudogramma sp. (recruiting larvae) Sillago sihanm (Forsskäl) Digenea Didymozoidae larva A C r ib b et al., 2000 Polyopisthocotylea Polylabris sillaginae H a y w a r d , 1996 Digenea Hemiuridae Ectenurus sp. adult C r ib b et al., 2000

S phyraenidae Serranidae (“leche”/ loche) several species? Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards) Digenea Allopodocotyle serrani D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968b Copepoda Caligus lobodes B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Digenea Myorhynchus pritchardae D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Digenea Prosorhynchus longisaccatus Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Copepoda Hatschekia sphyraeni B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007

Serranidae “unidentified serranid” Sphyraena sp. (recruiting larvae) Digenea Stephanostomum japonocasum Monopisthocotylea Capsalidae larva C r ib b et al., 2000 D u r io & M a n t e r , 1969

S ynaphobranchidae Serranidae “mottled grouper” Synaphobranchus cf. brevidorsalis Günther [Deep-sea] Digenea Erilepturus tiegsi M a n t e r , 1969 Copepoda Laminohatschekia synaphobranchi B o x s h a l l , 1989 Variola albinmrginata Baissac Copepoda Lophoura cormita B o x s h a l l , 1989 Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema epinepheli J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 c

Nematoda Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) variolae S ynodontidae M o r a v e c et al., 2006a Saurida nebulosa Valenciennes C. Bothriocephalidea Oncodiscus sauridae Variola louti (Forsskäl) K u c h t a et al., 2009b Monopisthocotylea Haliotrema epinepheli J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 c Monopisthocotylea Pseudorhabdosynochus hirundineus Saurida undosquamis (Richardson) J u s t in e , 2 0 0 5 c C. Bothriocephalidea Oncodiscus sauridae Digenea Cainocreadium epinepheli B r a y & J u s t in e , 2007b K u c h t a et al., 2009b Digenea Prosorhynchus setrani D u r io & M a n t e r , 1968a Synodus similis McCulloch Nematoda Philometra ocularis M o r a v e c & Ju s t in e , 2005b Copepoda Metataeniacanthus vulgaris B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 S ig a n id a e Siganus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard) Synodus variegatus (Lacépède) Digenea Ptychogyliauchen thistilbardi H a l l & C r ib b , 2004a Copepoda Metataeniacanthus vulgaris B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007 Siganus canaliculatus (Park) as Siganus oramin Synodontidae Gen. sp. (recruiting larvae) Monopisthocotylea Tetrancistrum sigani Digenea Didymozoidae larva A C r ib b et al., 2000 (as T. nebulosi) Y o u n g , 1967a Digenea Ptychogyliauchen thistilbardi H a l l & C r ib b , 2004a Synodontidae Gen. sp. 1 (recruiting larvae) Digenea Didymozoidae larva C C r ib b et al., 2000 Siganus corallium (Valenciennes) Digenea Erilepturus sp. immature C r ib b et al., 2000 Digenea Ptychogyliauchen thistilbardi H a l l & C r ib b , 2004a Synodontidae Gen. sp. 2 (recruiting larvae) Siganus doliatus Guérin-Méneville Digenea Ectenurus sp. immature C r ib b et al., 2000 Digenea Hysterolecithoides frontilatus B r a y & C r ib b , 2000b Synodontidae Gen. sp. 3 (recruiting larvae) Digenea Ptychogyliauchen thistilbardi H a l l & C r ib b , 2004a Cestoda metacestode C r ib b et al., 2000 Nematoda Capillariidae Gen. sp. M o r a v e c , 2001

T etraodontidae Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn) as Siganus nebulosus Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin) Monopisthocotylea Tetrancistrum sigani Nematoda Philometra lagocephali M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2008 (as T. nebulosi) Y o u n g , 1967a Nematoda Philometra tenuicauda M o r a v e c & J u s t in e , 2009a Copepoda Taeniacanthus kitamakura Siganus spinus (Linnaeus) B o x s h a l l & H u y s , 2007

Digenea Ptychogyliauchen thistilbardi H a l l & C r ib b , 2004a T richiuridae Assurger anzac (Alexander) Siganus sp. Copepoda Avitocaligus assurgericola Monopisthocotylea Tetrancistrum sigani B o x s h a l l & J u s t in e , 2005 (as T. nebulosi) Y o u n g , 1967a Parasites of coral reef fish in New Caledonia 181

TABLE 3 Species of fish parasites recorded from New Caledonia. From the parasite-host list in Table 1. The total of Platyhelminthes species is 240 (65% of the total).

Group Families Species

Turbellaria 1 1 Monopisthocotylea 4 98 (27%) Polyopisthocotylea 5 8 Digenea 20 105 (29%) Cestoda Bothriocephalidea 1 2 Cestoda Tetraphyllidea 1 6 Cestoda Trypanorhyncha 5 20 Nematoda 10 41 (11%) Copepoda 13 61 (16%) Isopoda 4 27 (7%) Acanthocephala 1 1 Hirudinea 1 1

Total 371

TABLE 4 Biodiversity of parasites in three species of (Family Serranidae). First number is the number of species recorded in

New Caledonia; second number in parenthesis is the total number of species recorded in all locations. From J u s t in e & S ig u r a (2007). ‘Others’ include Efirudinea and Acanthocephala.

Monogenea Digenea Cestoda Nematoda Copepoda Isopoda Others Total

Epinephelus maculatus12 (12) 7(7) 1(2) KD 3(3) KD 0(0) 25 (26) Epinephelus cyanopodus6(7) 4(10) 2(2) 4(8) 5(5) 2(2) 0(0) 23 (34) Epinephelus malabaricus11(15) 2(11) 2(3) 1(4) 2(8) 0(1) 0(2) 18(44)

TABLE 5 Available references on fish parasites in the Indo-Pacific Region. Some studies may include freshwater fish and their parasites. Protozoa are included in all studies except the present one.

Reference Parasite Locality Number of Number of Number of groups fish species fish species parasites with present parasites

Arthur & Te, 2006 all Viet Nani 130 1300 * 453 Arthur & Lumanlan all Philippines 172 2030 * 201 Mayo, 1997 Arthur & Ahmed, all Bangladesh 85 528 * 147 2002 Beumer et al., 1983 all Australia (including 448 7 * 496 Antarctic territories) Lester & Sewell, all Heron Island, 122 ca 2,000 ca 300 species ** 1989 Australia 580 records This study Metazoa New Caledonia 195 ca 2,000 371 species 580 records

* include freshwater fishes ** difficult to evaluate since many identifications are at the family level only. Includes ca 140 species of monogeneans. 182 Jean-Lou Justine

TABLE 6 Numerical evaluations of fish parasite biodiversity in the literature.

Number of Parasite Total number parasite per Comment Reference groups of parasites fish species Marine fish, Peninsular Monogeneans 3 882 Malaysia Lini, 1998

Estimate, freshwater fishes, Monogeneans 5 neotropics Kritsky in Whittington, 1998

25,000 species in considered an underestimate Monogeneans 1 tlie World by author Whittington, 1998

3,800 in 2,000 Great Barrier Reef, Digeneans 2.73 fish species Australia Cribb & Bray, 1998

Marine fish, German coastal All Metazoa 3.1 waters Pallii & Klimpel, 2006

All Metazoa 5.4 Marine fish, Canada Poulin, 2004 All Metazoa 3.0 Marine fish, New Zealand Poulin, 2004

All, including 20,000 for Marine fish, Heron Island, 20 * Rohde, 1976 Protozoa 1,000 fish species Queensland, Australia

: not expressly indicated in the text; calculated.

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Justine, J.-L. (2007e). Species of Calydiscoides Young, 1969 Justine, J.-L., & Sigura, A. (2007). Monogeneans of tlie malabar (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from lethrinid fishes, with tlie grouper Epinephelus malabaricus (Percifonnes, Serranidae) redescription of all of tlie -specimens and the description off New Caledonia, with a description of six new species of of C. euzeti n. sp. from Lethrinus rubrioperculatus and L. Pseudorhabdosynochus (Monogenea: Diplectanidae). Zootaxa, xanthochilus off New Caledonia. Systematic Parasitology, 67, 1543, 1-44. 187-209. Kabata, Z. (1965). Copepoda parasitic on Australian fishes. III. Justine, J.-L. (2008a). Diplectanum parvus sp. nov. (Monogenea, Genera Dentigryps, Heniochophilus and Pseudannuretes Diplectanidae) from Cephalopholis urodeta (Percifonnes, (Caligidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13, 19- Serranidae) off New Caledonia. Acta Parasitológica, 53, 127- 31. 132. Kabata, Z. (1966). Copepoda parasitic on Australian fishes. V. 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Sea, tlie eastern and Indo-west Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico Systematic Parasitology,75,159-179. and Caribbean Sea. Zootaxa, 1970, 1-51. Justine, J.-L., Dupoux, C., & Cribb, T. H. (2009a). Resolution Kuchta, R., Scholz, T., Brabec, J., & Bray, R. A. (2008). of the discrepant host-specificity of Pseudorhabdosynochus Suppression of tlie tapeworm order Pseudophyllidea species (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) from semanid fishes in tlie (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda) and the proposal of two tropical Indo-Pacific. Acta Parasitológica, 54, 119-130. new orders, Bothriocephalidea and Diphyllobothriidea. Justine, J.-L., & Euzet, L. (2006). Diplectanids (Monogenea) International Journal for Parasitology, 38, 49-55. parasitic on tlie gills of the coralgroupers Plectropomus laevis Kuchta, R., Scholz, T., & Justine, J.-L. (2009a). 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