GSMT and JWST: Looking Back to the Future of the Universe
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Precollimator for X-Ray Telescope (Stray-Light Baffle) Mindrum Precision, Inc Kurt Ponsor Mirror Tech/SBIR Workshop Wednesday, Nov 2017
Mindrum.com Precollimator for X-Ray Telescope (stray-light baffle) Mindrum Precision, Inc Kurt Ponsor Mirror Tech/SBIR Workshop Wednesday, Nov 2017 1 Overview Mindrum.com Precollimator •Past •Present •Future 2 Past Mindrum.com • Space X-Ray Telescopes (XRT) • Basic Structure • Effectiveness • Past Construction 3 Space X-Ray Telescopes Mindrum.com • XMM-Newton 1999 • Chandra 1999 • HETE-2 2000-07 • INTEGRAL 2002 4 ESA/NASA Space X-Ray Telescopes Mindrum.com • Swift 2004 • Suzaku 2005-2015 • AGILE 2007 • NuSTAR 2012 5 NASA/JPL/ASI/JAXA Space X-Ray Telescopes Mindrum.com • Astrosat 2015 • Hitomi (ASTRO-H) 2016-2016 • NICER (ISS) 2017 • HXMT/Insight 慧眼 2017 6 NASA/JPL/CNSA Space X-Ray Telescopes Mindrum.com NASA/JPL-Caltech Harrison, F.A. et al. (2013; ApJ, 770, 103) 7 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/103 Basic Structure XRT Mindrum.com Grazing Incidence 8 NASA/JPL-Caltech Basic Structure: NuSTAR Mirrors Mindrum.com 9 NASA/JPL-Caltech Basic Structure XRT Mindrum.com • XMM Newton XRT 10 ESA Basic Structure XRT Mindrum.com • XMM-Newton mirrors D. de Chambure, XMM Project (ESTEC)/ESA 11 Basic Structure XRT Mindrum.com • Thermal Precollimator on ROSAT 12 http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/ Basic Structure XRT Mindrum.com • AGILE Precollimator 13 http://agile.asdc.asi.it Basic Structure Mindrum.com • Spektr-RG 2018 14 MPE Basic Structure: Stray X-Rays Mindrum.com 15 NASA/JPL-Caltech Basic Structure: Grazing Mindrum.com 16 NASA X-Ray Effectiveness: Straylight Mindrum.com • Correct Reflection • Secondary Only • Backside Reflection • Primary Only 17 X-Ray Effectiveness Mindrum.com • The Crab Nebula by: ROSAT (1990) Chandra 18 S. -
Space Reporter's Handbook Mission Supplement
CBS News Space Reporter's Handbook - Mission Supplement Page 1 The CBS News Space Reporter's Handbook Mission Supplement Shuttle Mission STS-125: Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 4 Written and Produced By William G. Harwood CBS News Space Analyst [email protected] CBS News 5/10/09 Page 2 CBS News Space Reporter's Handbook - Mission Supplement Revision History Editor's Note Mission-specific sections of the Space Reporter's Handbook are posted as flight data becomes available. Readers should check the CBS News "Space Place" web site in the weeks before a launch to download the latest edition: http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/current.html DATE RELEASE NOTES 08/03/08 Initial STS-125 release 04/11/09 Updating to reflect may 12 launch; revised flight plan 04/15/09 Adding EVA breakdown; walkthrough 04/23/09 Updating for 5/11 launch target date 04/30/09 Adding STS-400 details from FRR briefing 05/04/09 Adding trajectory data; abort boundaries; STS-400 launch windows Introduction This document is an outgrowth of my original UPI Space Reporter's Handbook, prepared prior to STS-26 for United Press International and updated for several flights thereafter due to popular demand. The current version is prepared for CBS News. As with the original, the goal here is to provide useful information on U.S. and Russian space flights so reporters and producers will not be forced to rely on government or industry public affairs officers at times when it might be difficult to get timely responses. All of these data are available elsewhere, of course, but not necessarily in one place. -
An Overview of New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics About the National Academies
2020 VISION An Overview of New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics About the National Academies The National Academies—comprising the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council—work together to enlist the nation’s top scientists, engineers, health professionals, and other experts to study specific issues in science, technology, and medicine that underlie many questions of national importance. The results of their deliberations have inspired some of the nation’s most significant and lasting efforts to improve the health, education, and welfare of the United States and have provided independent advice on issues that affect people’s lives worldwide. To learn more about the Academies’ activities, check the website at www.nationalacademies.org. Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America This study was supported by Contract NNX08AN97G between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Contract AST-0743899 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation, and Contract DE-FG02-08ER41542 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Energy. Support for this study was also provided by the Vesto Slipher Fund. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agencies that provided support for the project. 2020 VISION An Overview of New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Committee for a Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics ROGER D. -
The Making of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory: the Project Scientist’S Perspective
SPECIAL FEATURE: PERSPECTIVE The making of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory: The project scientist’s perspective Martin C. Weisskopf1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35805 Edited by Harvey D. Tananbaum, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, and approved January 22, 2010 (received for review December 16, 2009) The history of the development of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory is reviewed from a personal perspective. This review is necessarily biased and limited by space because it attempts to cover a time span approaching five decades. historical perspective | x-ray astronomy t is sobering for me to realize that there arescientistswhoareworkingwithdata Ifrom this truly great observatory who were not even born when the founda- tion for what is now the Chandra X-Ray Observatory was laid. Thus, it may surprise many to know that the beginning was suc- cinctly and accurately outlined in a research proposal that Riccardo Giacconi and col- leagues wrote in 1963, a mere 9 months after he and his team’s discovery of the first ex- trasolar x-ray source Scorpius X-1. As im- portant, the data from this rocket flight also indicated the presence of the “diffuse x-ray background.” Fig. 1 illustrates the showpiece of this insightful proposal. It shows a ≈1-m diameter, 10-m focal length, grazing-incidence x-ray telescope. The telescope was of sufficient area and angular resolution to determine the nature of the unresolved x-ray background. We all owe Riccardo an enormous debt of gratitude for his insight, leadership, and, in my case (and I suspect for many others), inspiration. -
Will the Real Monster Black Hole Please Stand Up? 8 January 2015
Will the real monster black hole please stand up? 8 January 2015 how the merging of galaxies can trigger black holes to start feeding, an important step in the evolution of galaxies. "When galaxies collide, gas is sloshed around and driven into their respective nuclei, fueling the growth of black holes and the formation of stars," said Andrew Ptak of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, lead author of a The real monster black hole is revealed in this new new study accepted for publication in the image from NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Astrophysical Journal. "We want to understand the Array of colliding galaxies Arp 299. In the center panel, mechanisms that trigger the black holes to turn on the NuSTAR high-energy X-ray data appear in various and start consuming the gas." colors overlaid on a visible-light image from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The panel on the left shows NuSTAR is the first telescope capable of the NuSTAR data alone, while the visible-light image is pinpointing where high-energy X-rays are coming on the far right. Before NuSTAR, astronomers knew that the each of the two galaxies in Arp 299 held a from in the tangled galaxies of Arp 299. Previous supermassive black hole at its heart, but they weren't observations from other telescopes, including sure if one or both were actively chomping on gas in a NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the process called accretion. The new high-energy X-ray European Space Agency's XMM-Newton, which data reveal that the supermassive black hole in the detect lower-energy X-rays, had indicated the galaxy on the right is indeed the hungry one, releasing presence of active supermassive black holes in Arp energetic X-rays as it consumes gas. -
8. Adaptive Optics 299
8. Adaptive Optics 299 8.1 Introduction Adaptive Optics is absolutely essential for OWL, to concentrate the light for spectroscopy and imaging and to reach the diffraction limit on-axis or over an extended FoV. In this section we present a progressive implementation plan based on three generation of Adaptive Optics systems and, to the possible extent, the corresponding expected performance. The 1st generation AO − Single Conjugate, Ground Layer, and distributed Multi-object AO − is essentially based on Natural Guide Stars (NGSs) and makes use of the M6 Adaptive Mirror included in the Telescope optical path. The 2nd generation AO is also based on NGSs but includes a second deformable mirror (M5) conjugated at 7-8 km – Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics − or a post focus mirror conjugated to the telescope pupil with a much higher density of actuators -tweeter- in the case of EPICS. The 3rd generation AO makes use of single or multiple Laser Guide Stars, preferably Sodium LGSs, and should provide higher sky coverage, better Strehl ratio and correction at shorter wavelengths. More emphasis in the future will be given to the LGS assisted AO systems after having studied, simulated and demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed concepts. The performance presented for the AO systems is based on advances from today's technology in areas where we feel confident that such advances will occur (e.g. the sizes of the deformable mirrors). Even better performance could be achieved if other technologies advance at the same rate as in the past (e.g. the density of actuators for deformable mirrors). -
The Most Dangerous Ieos in STEREO
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 6, EPSC-DPS2011-682, 2011 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 c Author(s) 2011 The most dangerous IEOs in STEREO C. Fuentes (1), D. Trilling (1) and M. Knight (2) (1) Northern Arizona University, Arizona, USA, (2) Lowell Observatory, Arizona, USA ([email protected]) Abstract (STEREO-B) which view the Sun-Earth line using a suite of telescopes. Each spacecraft moves away 1 from the Earth at a rate of 22.5◦ year− (Figure 1). IEOs (inner Earth objects or interior Earth objects) are ∼ potentially the most dangerous near Earth small body Our search for IEOs utilizes the Heliospheric Imager population. Their study is complicated by the fact the 1 instruments on each spacecraft (HI1A and HI1B). population spends all of its time inside the orbit of The HI1s are centered 13.98◦ from the Sun along the the Earth, giving ground-based telescopes a small win- Earth-Sun line with a square field of view 20 ◦ wide, 1 dow to observe them. We introduce STEREO (Solar a resolution of 70 arcsec pixel− , and a bandpass of TErrestrial RElations Observatory) and its 5 years of 630—730 nm [3]. Images are taken every 40 minutes, archival data as our best chance of studying the IEO providing a nearly continuous view of the inner solar population and discovering possible impactor threats system since early 2007. The nominal visual limit- ing magnitude of HI1 is 13, although the sensitivity to Earth. ∼ We show that in our current search for IEOs in varies somewhat with solar elongation, and asteroids STEREO data we are capable of detecting and char- fainter than 13 can be seen near the outer edges. -
From Earth to the Universe
From Earth to the Universe Free thirty-minute fulldome show in 4k resolution from ESO available as a series of fulldome frames for free download Directed by: Theofanis Matsopoulos 3D Animations and Graphics: Theofanis Matsopoulos, Luis Calçada & Martin Kornmesser Producer: Theofanis Matsopoulos & European Southern Observatory (ESO) Planetarium Production: Theofanis Matsopoulos Executive Producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen Script and Scientific Advice: Nicolas Matsopoulos, Lars Lindberg Christensen & Anne Rhodes Main Title Designer: Luis Calçada Narration: Sara Mendes Da Costa Audio Mix: Theofanis Matsopoulos German Version by Planetarium Hamburg Translator/Director: Thomas W. Kraupe Narrator: Regina Lemnitz Recorded at Primetime Studio, Hamburg, 2015 ---------- The night sky … both beautiful and mysterious. The subject of camp-fire stories, ancient myths and awe for as long as there have been people. Living beneath the open dark sky the earliest humans were aware of nightly changes as planets marched across the sky, the Moon waxed and waned, and occasional meteors flared across the horizon. Slowly the simple early observations revealed patterns that could be depended upon, leading to the first calendars. With the yearly cycle mapped out, settlements and agriculture could develop and early civilisations thrived. At the same time, the first maps of the sky grouped the brightest stars into familiar constellations, helping to develop navigational skills, expanding trade and aiding exploration. But the first astronomers had no real concept of the order behind the patterns of the sky. These early scientists and philosophers were still bound by a view of the cosmos that was tightly interwoven with mythology. The ancient Greeks, with their rigorous intellectual approach, took the first steps towards separating the young science of astronomy from the ancient sky myths. -
NASA Program & Budget Update
NASA Update AAAC Meeting | June 15, 2020 Paul Hertz Director, Astrophysics Division Science Mission Directorate @PHertzNASA Outline • Celebrate Accomplishments § Science Highlights § Mission Milestones • Committed to Improving § Inspiring Future Leaders, Fellowships § R&A Initiative: Dual Anonymous Peer Review • Research Program Update § Research & Analysis § ROSES-2020 Updates, including COVID-19 impacts • Missions Program Update § COVID-19 impact § Operating Missions § Webb, Roman, Explorers • Planning for the Future § FY21 Budget Request § Project Artemis § Creating the Future 2 NASA Astrophysics Celebrate Accomplishments 3 SCIENCE Exoplanet Apparently Disappears HIGHLIGHT in the Latest Hubble Observations Released: April 20, 2020 • What do astronomers do when a planet they are studying suddenly seems to disappear from sight? o A team of researchers believe a full-grown planet never existed in the first place. o The missing-in-action planet was last seen orbiting the star Fomalhaut, just 25 light-years away. • Instead, researchers concluded that the Hubble Space Telescope was looking at an expanding cloud of very fine dust particles from two icy bodies that smashed into each other. • Hubble came along too late to witness the suspected collision, but may have captured its aftermath. o This happened in 2008, when astronomers announced that Hubble took its first image of a planet orbiting another star. Caption o The diminutive-looking object appeared as a dot next to a vast ring of icy debris encircling Fomalhaut. • Unlike other directly imaged exoplanets, however, nagging Credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Gáspár and G. Rieke (University of Arizona) puzzles arose with Fomalhaut b early on. Caption: This diagram simulates what astronomers, studying Hubble Space o The object was unusually bright in visible light, but did not Telescope observations, taken over several years, consider evidence for the have any detectable infrared heat signature. -
Stsci Newsletter: 2011 Volume 028 Issue 02
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Interacting Galaxies UGC 1810 and UGC 1813 Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) 2011 VOL 28 ISSUE 02 NEWSLETTER Space Telescope Science Institute We received a total of 1,007 proposals, after accounting for duplications Hubble Cycle 19 and withdrawals. Review process Proposal Selection Members of the international astronomical community review Hubble propos- als. Grouped in panels organized by science category, each panel has one or more “mirror” panels to enable transfer of proposals in order to avoid conflicts. In Cycle 19, the panels were divided into the categories of Planets, Stars, Stellar Rachel Somerville, [email protected], Claus Leitherer, [email protected], & Brett Populations and Interstellar Medium (ISM), Galaxies, Active Galactic Nuclei and Blacker, [email protected] the Inter-Galactic Medium (AGN/IGM), and Cosmology, for a total of 14 panels. One of these panels reviewed Regular Guest Observer, Archival, Theory, and Chronology SNAP proposals. The panel chairs also serve as members of the Time Allocation Committee hen the Cycle 19 Call for Proposals was released in December 2010, (TAC), which reviews Large and Archival Legacy proposals. In addition, there Hubble had already seen a full cycle of operation with the newly are three at-large TAC members, whose broad expertise allows them to review installed and repaired instruments calibrated and characterized. W proposals as needed, and to advise panels if the panelists feel they do not have The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS), the expertise to review a certain proposal. Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS), Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), and The process of selecting the panelists begins with the selection of the TAC Chair, Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) were all close to nominal operation and were avail- about six months prior to the proposal deadline. -
Subaru Super Deep Field (SSDF) with AO
Subaru Super Deep Field (SSDF) using Adaptive Optics Yosuke Minowa (NAOJ) on behalf of Yoshii, Y. (IoA, Univ. of Tokyo; PI) and SSDF team: Kobayashi, N. (IoA, Univ. of Tokyo), Totani, T. (Kyoto Univ.), Takami, H., Takato, N. Hayano, Y., Iye, M. (NAOJ). Subaru UM (1/30/2007) SSDF project: What? { Scientific motivation 1. Study the galaxy population at the unprecedented faint end (K’=23-25mag) to find any new population which may explain the missing counterpart to the extragalactic background light. 2. Study the morphological evolution of field galaxies in rest-frame optical wavelengths to find the origin of Hubble sequence. Æ high-resolution deep imaging of distant galaxies SSDF project: How? { Deep imaging of high-z galaxies with AO. z Improve detection sensitivity. Peak intensity: with AO ~ 10-20 times higher 0”.07 without AO z Improve spatial 0”.4 resolution FWHM < 0”.1 AO is best suited for the deep imaging study of high-z galaxies which requires both high-sensitivity and high-resolution. z SSDF project: Where? { Target field: a part of “Subaru Deep Field” (SDF) z Originally selected to locate near a bright star for AO observations (Maihara+01). z Optical~NIR deep imaging data are publicly available. { Enable the SED fitting of detected galaxies. Æ phot-z, rest-frame color, (Maihara+01) stellar mass… Observations { AO36+IRCS at Cassegrain z K’-band (2.12um) imaging with 58mas mode z providing 1x1 arcmin2 FOV AO36 IRCS To achieve unprecedented faint-end, we concentrated on K’-band imaging of this 1arcmin2 field, rather than wide-field or multi-color imaging. -
Glossary of Terms Absorption Line a Dark Line at a Particular Wavelength Superimposed Upon a Bright, Continuous Spectrum
Glossary of terms absorption line A dark line at a particular wavelength superimposed upon a bright, continuous spectrum. Such a spectral line can be formed when electromag- netic radiation, while travelling on its way to an observer, meets a substance; if that substance can absorb energy at that particular wavelength then the observer sees an absorption line. Compare with emission line. accretion disk A disk of gas or dust orbiting a massive object such as a star, a stellar-mass black hole or an active galactic nucleus. An accretion disk plays an important role in the formation of a planetary system around a young star. An accretion disk around a supermassive black hole is thought to be the key mecha- nism powering an active galactic nucleus. active galactic nucleus (agn) A compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits vast amounts of electromagnetic radiation and fast-moving jets of particles; an agn can outshine the rest of the galaxy despite being hardly larger in volume than the Solar System. Various classes of agn exist, including quasars and Seyfert galaxies, but in each case the energy is believed to be generated as matter accretes onto a supermassive black hole. adaptive optics A technique used by large ground-based optical telescopes to remove the blurring affects caused by Earth’s atmosphere. Light from a guide star is used as a calibration source; a complicated system of software and hardware then deforms a small mirror to correct for atmospheric distortions. The mirror shape changes more quickly than the atmosphere itself fluctuates.