DOCSLIB.ORG

Download the Full Article As Pdf ⬅︎

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download the Full Article As Pdf ⬅︎ tech talk Dive team member sheds light on old mining equipment left in Felicitas Mine. Text and photos by Andrea “Murdock” Alpini. Archive photo courtesy of Wolfgang Röhr The more time passes, the less the distance is that separates one from the object of one’s desire—in this case, it was a place. With time spent seeking, observing, studying, writing and pinning drafts of questions, all waiting for an answer, I decided to follow a line of inquiry into diving an old German slate mine in Schmallenberg (east of Düsseldorf) to understand its feasibility, aesthetic beauty and historical meaning. Only a few hours separated me from the place where German miners had worked for centuries. My team and I were going to dive this mine, called Felicitas, where hundreds of workers had lived and dreamed for decades, covered by a soft, sooty layer of slate, advancing ANDREA “MURDOCK” ALPINI through tunnels and caressing the black dreams of ancient slate rocks, which Felicitas— Diving a GermanMine Black Slate Mine coexisted with the personal loneliness of cold water, rocks, forgotten stories and spent breath. We would be descending in the past: “The anonymous history is base camp in Hütten. In the last few days, we would drop off cylinders and spots Fifty kilometers separated us from our below the edge of the earth, to move stratified.” we had measured more than a thousand where we would place our directional arrival at the mine. As we neared the closer to the surface of life. Our story meters of cave line. We clarified our main markers. My caving van was filled with 19 site, I noticed that the façades of houses would become just another layer upon Day One targets and the areas of the mine I wished deco cylinders and twinsets, ready to be were black, as were the roofs. The hous- those left by the miners of Felicitas Mine In the morning, we moved out from our to film. We fixed our checkpoints where used in the Felicitas Mine. es were built in a purely German style 74 X-RAY MAG : 103 : 2021 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Team member brings dive equipment into tech talk Felicitus Mine for the dive expedition. Felicitas Mine called “Fachwerkhäuser.” Looking out Far away in the distance, at the end of the car window, it seemed like we were the field on the left, I saw a cement turret on top of Golgotha Mountain during an rising over the corn plants. It marked the Easter of biblical proportions; the sky was end of the left branch of the mine—one obscured by deep black clouds, in the of our main targets. Looking at it and esti- same color as our surroundings. This black mating the distance that we would have was more than a shadow, it was authori- to cover later, while swimming on open tarian, fascinating, and it absorbed all circuit, was impressive. The right branch, the rays of opalescent light. also known as “The Old Mine,” was clos- er; that is, it was 530m from the starting Day Two point of the dive. Today, we wanted to Approaching the mine was exciting. As reach the end of it. we neared the site, we saw the old road sign that read “Abela Heilstollen” the When we got inside the dry part of the name later used for the Felicitas Mine. I mine, everything was the same as it had wished to be there, inside the mine, at been left a few decades ago when the ANDREA “MURDOCK” ALPINI the water’s edge. As soon as we arrived mine ceased operations and was sold to at the site, I started walking around the a new owner for another business. Slate Our team started to unload the heavy During our second dive, we explored When we arrived at a fork, we entered ancient barracks. We were surrounded machinery had been abandoned inside diving equipment from the van. We split 270m of old tunnels, leaving directional an old brick tunnel—a stunning sight. by cornfields. the chamber. the equipment into three groups: my markers with distances, and clipping Below us, the ancient rail track slid away. own, my colleague Gianni Cecchi’s, safety gas cylinders along the way. We We were now 350m away from the and finally, my other colleague Flavio also visited the Santa Barbara—a real entrance, more or less, and 170m sepa- Cavalli’s. Flavio was our surface assistant bunker where explosives had been rated us from our “touchdown” goal. and gas-mixing supervisor (checking stored. A layer of concrete had separat- Along the way, we observed that many regulators, tanks MOD), and last but not ed the TNT from the slate tunnel. Inside, parts had collapsed; sometimes, it was least, our interpreter for Wolfgang Röhr, the room looked like a bank vault. What I the walls and other times, it was debris owner of the mine and archival photos. saw in front of my eyes was not so differ- that had fallen from the ceiling. ent from the Kaaba in Mecca. Our daily plan consisted of three differ- Large ruins marked the area at around ent dives, each one with a different final We had placed the stages and markers 430m. We had to swim another 100m goal. The very first dive would focus only for our third dive of the day. Now, it was before we reached the farthest end of on setting down our sturdy main line, a time to come back and start decom- the old branch of the mine. The ambi- 120m length of solid 8mm rope. During the pression. ence of the space was sometimes scary second dive, we would carry six cylinders and gloomy. This part of the mine was of safety gas (in the end) and EAN 50 plus At 7:10 p.m., we put our heads under- very tricky and precarious to navigate. oxygen, at 21m and 6m depths, to com- water again. We left at Flavio’s “OK” plete our decompression procedures. At signal and swam the first 120 meters of Visiting the right branch of the mine was a the end of the main line, we came to a T.. the mine; we had to be quick about it to great adventure—definitely a “must-see” Turning left brought one directly into the save time for the next part of the dive. place in Felicitas. We then returned back new part of the mine. On the opposite We wanted to reach the end of the Old to the main T where the path split. side was the old part of Felicitas Mine. Mine’s tunnel. WOLFGANG RÖHR Historical archive photo of the Felicitas miners class of 1958 75 X-RAY MAG : 103 : 2021 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Stage cylinders were clipped onto the tech talk main line in Felicitas Mine by a team Felicitas Mine member. Here, I found myself in front of a sacred main tunnel with additional side chambers. shrine made of iron. It was a holy place It was in 1997 when Felicitas Mine finally where miners used to pray every day closed down its extractive operations. before starting their jobs but also before leaving the mine. On my left, I could see My mind drifted back to our earlier our floating deco cylinders, clipped onto dive… We had dived around noon. Our the line. I seemed to struggle between a planned bottom time was 50 minutes, just “holy and profane love.” enough time to drop our cylinders for fur- ther progression. Day Three Fifteen minutes to 6:00 p.m. The third dive Today, we would not explore the mine to of the day awaited us in Felicitas. Earlier, the end, so we decided to simulate differ- in the morning, we had placed the emer- ent diving scenarios instead. We wanted gency line along the left branch. Large, to be ready for the main dive tomorrow. empty spaces and huge machinery left inside the modern part of the mine char- We spent a lot of time below the Steel acterized this area, which comprised a Barrel Tunnel, which climbed upwards; ANDREA “MURDOCK” ALPINI the steel here seemed to be very fragile. aid of a diver propulsion vehicle (DPV). time to swim quickly. Today, we wanted On top of the barrel, some massive, huge The afternoon ran late and the last dive to reach the final target: the end of the stones covered its roof. of the day was calling to us, the most left branch. Felicitas Mine was awaiting. demanding one. We needed to drop off We had to go west! Exiting the Steel Barrel Tunnel and mov- the heavy 20-liter tank filled with Helitrox ing to the right, about ten meters ahead, 30/10 at the farthest checkpoint on the Thirty-five minutes had passed when we more or less, we found the first of the map. This was our “home plate.” reached the planned checkpoint: the large-scale empty chambers where slate “anvil” 20l tank of trimix. Now that we was mined. To the left of the main path, For the first time, we passed over the final had reached it, I thought to myself, we there was a small storage area; we used fork. Here, the tunnel was narrow, and are not too far from “The End.” Staying its rooftop as cylinder pick-up/drop-off we plodded ahead, like a horse in train- focused on breathing, being calm and stations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Titanic Survivor Violet Jessop Titanic Survivor by Violet Jessop, Ed
    Suggested Reading: Titanic Survivor Violet Jessop Titanic Survivor by Violet Jessop, ed. John Maxtone-Graham (1998). Stewardess Violet Jessop shares stories about life on grand ocean liners of the golden era of transatlantic travel, as well as her experiences surviving the sinkings of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and the HMHS Britannic in 1916. 882½ Amazing Answers to Your Questions about Titanic by Hugh Brewster (1999). A fun book packed with facts about Titanic. A top-seller among Titanic books, aimed at a children’s audience but fascinating for all ages. Down With the Old Canoe: A Cultural History of the Titanic Disaster by Steven Biel (1996). A scholarly yet fun study of myths the disaster inspired, from songs to political speeches to musicals. A Night to Remember by Walter Lord (1955). Walter Lord’s classic minute-by-minute account of the last night of the Titanic remains the most riveting account of the collision and its aftermath. Based on extensive interviews with survivors. My top pick for readers new to the Titanic. Titanic: An Illustrated History by Don Lynch, paintings by Ken Marschall (1992). A magnificent, lavishly illustrated book that tells the full story of the Titanic, from her building and launch to the sinking and the recovery, created by a leading Titanic historian and the foremost Titanic painter. HMHS Britannic: The Last Titan by Simon Mills (1992). A brief history of the Titanic’s forgotten sister ship, which sank after hitting a German mine during World War I. Timeline of Violet Jessop Oct. 1, 1887 Born in Argentina, the oldest child of Irish immigrants 1908 Joins Royal Mail Line as a stewardess.
    [Show full text]
  • November 2015
    U-Boat Navigator Mission 2015: HMHSText by Svetlana Murashkina Britannic Photos by Sergey Bychkov and Svetlana Murashkina — In the Kea Channel, Greece Underwater photos by Eugene Tomashov 13 X-RAY MAG : 69 : 2015 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO EUGENE TOMASHOV feature Navigator The Ageotec Perseo GTV ROV at HMHS Britannic’s forecastle deck (previous page) and illuminates Bri- tannic as it is now (right) Through the centuries in Greece, Kea Island’s renowned statue, the Lion of Kea (one cannot see him from the shore, but I know he is there), continues to smile and look askance upon human vanity—exact- ly the same way he did in 1916, when during World War I, hospital ships were hit by mines and tragically sank in the Kea Channel. These ships, now wrecks, include HMHS Britannic and SS Burdigala. EUGENE TOMASHOV It’s July, 2015, Greece. It’s very hot me to the ferry in Lavrio, complains: U-Boat Navigator and the company, U-Boat Malta. outside. Television commentators “Business is very slow. But who said The captain of the Russian-Ukrainian- U-Boat Malta provides services to from various countries are pas- that life is easy?” Maltese crew, Olexandr Stasyukevy- organizations in the fields of marine sionately informing humanity that After an hour’s journey on azure ch, welcomes me onboard U-Boat archaeology, scientific and historical Greece is ready to leave the Europe- seas, I reach Kea Island and find Navigator, the research vessel of research, as well as film.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece Vol. 44, 2011 Remote sensing for underwater archaeology: case stud-ies from Greece and Eastern Mediterranean Papatheodorou G. Geraga M. Chalari A. Christodoulou D. Iatrou M. Fakiris E. Kordella St. Prevenios M. Ferentinos G. https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11440 Copyright © 2017 G. Papatheodorou, M. Geraga, A. Chalari, D. Christodoulou, M. Iatrou, E. Fakiris, St. Kordella, M. Prevenios, G. Ferentinos To cite this article: Papatheodorou, G., Geraga, M., Chalari, A., Christodoulou, D., Iatrou, M., Fakiris, E., Kordella, St., Prevenios, M., & Ferentinos, G. (2011). Remote sensing for underwater archaeology: case stud-ies from Greece and Eastern Mediterranean. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 44, 100-115. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11440 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/09/2021 08:19:04 | http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 26/09/2021 08:19:04 | Δελτίο Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας τομ.XLIV, 2011 100 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece vol. XLIV, 2011 Remote sensing for underwater archaeology: case stud- ies from Greece and Eastern Mediterranean sea. PAPATHEODOROU(1) G., GERAGA(1) M., CHALARI(1) A., CHRISTODOULOU(1) D., IATROU(1) M., FAKIRIS(1) E., KORDELLA(1) ST., PREVENIOS(1) M. & FERENTINOS(1) G. ABSTRACT Modern underwater remote sensing technology introduces many advantages that extend the range of conventional diving work providing the means to survey in a detailed and systematic fashion large seafloor area. There are two general approaches regarding the application of these techniques in underwater archaeology; they are being increasingly used to identify, locate and map (i) ancient and historical shipwrecks lying on the seafloor or partly buried in it and (ii) the coastal palaeogeogra- phy and thus submerged sites of archaeological interest (submerged ancient cities, settlements, ports and man-made structures).
    [Show full text]
  • VENICE PROJECT CENTER Cruise Ships
    VENICE PROJECT CENTER Cruise Ships: Influencing the City of Venice An Interdisciplinary Qualifying Project Submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Student Authors: Nicholas Hunnewell James Reese Ryan Vautrin Damian Skweirczynski Project Advisors: Professor Fabio Carrera Professor Daniel Gibson January 13, 2010 www.ships-veince-09.blogspot.com [email protected] 0 Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 10 2. General Background .......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Beginnings of Luxury Cruising............................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Competitive Roots ....................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Tragic Sinkings ............................................................................................................................................ 14 2.3.1 R.M.S. Titanic .................................................................................................................................. 14 2.3.2 R.M.S. Britannic .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • DEATH of a BATTLESHIP the LOSS of HMS PRINCE of WALES December 10, 1941
    DEATH OF A BATTLESHIP THE LOSS OF HMS PRINCE OF WALES December 10, 1941 A Marine Forensics Analysis of the Sinking Garzke - Dulin - Denlay Table of Contents Introduction to the 2010 Revision................................................................................................... 3 Abstract........................................................................................................................................... 5 Historical Background.................................................................................................................... 6 Force Z Track Chart.................................................................................................................. 11 The Fatal Torpedo Hit .................................................................................................................. 13 Figure 1 – Location of the First Torpedo Hit............................................................................ 15 Figure 2 – Transverse Section...................................................................................................18 Figure 3 – Arrangement of Port Outboard Shaft Tunnel .......................................................... 20 Figure 4 – Flooding Diagrams after First Torpedo Hit............................................................. 22 Figure 4a – Machinery and Magazine Arrangements Schematic ............................................. 22 Figure 4b – Location of the Port Torpedo Hit .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ADM Issue 4 Finnished
    DEMA 2000 marks one year since the sale of DeepTech by my two ex-business partners. Being the original founder of DeepTech, the news of its sale without my knowledge or approval kinda, well lets say: rubbed me the wrong way. Not only was I concerned about all the years and thousands of hours of work I put into DeepTech but also about the subscribers who had paid their money for a subscription and now would not receive what they shelled out their hard earned cash for. My reputation not only as a publisher but also as a respected diver was immediately at stake. Knocked back to step one after all these years was a hard blow but also a blessing in disguise. When I started DeepTech I had no connections, no advertisers and very little money. After 4 years in circulation I had thousands of connections, good rapport with my advertisers, and a little more money to start over from square one. Advanced Diver Magazine was born with no business part- ners, many of the same advertisers and a data base of good subscribers available. One year has passed and the small staff at ADM has delivered what we had prom- ised. An on-time, high quality, fully illustrated dive magazine like no other. Designed with a good balance of text, illustrations, photos and less than 20% advertising. ADM will continue into the new millen- nium providing what we promised our subscribers with the quality and graphic design that I expect as the founder and publisher. After all, my reputation is at stake.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Dive Show 2007
    F R E E DECEMBER 1st & 2nd, 2007 Take home & Share! Florida Dive Show Florida’s Largest Indoor Scuba Event December Re-Breathe Master U/W st nd 1 & 2 , 2007 Photography at the Broward/ S u m m i t every thing about with Cathy Fort Lauderdale Re-Breathers Church Convention Center Page 7 Mark your calendar Page 6 What’s Happening at the Save 50% on your entrance fee by visiting Florida Dive Show! one of your local diving shops Your local dive shop is the cornerstone of the subjects are great ways to energize your diving Meet Richie Kohler from the T.V. series “Deep diving community. It is a one stop shop where experiences! Sea Detectives.” Richie will be doing a presenta- you find good training, good equipment and good tion on the Britannic, one of the latest wrecks advice, as well as great friends and great diving At the Florida Dive Show you will get to see that he has explored opportunities. all of the newest products, plus hear about new courses and techniques. You can also attend travel All during the month of November, stop by your presentations directly from the representatives of !e Boat with a Hole keeps afloat with innova- local dive shop to pick up a 50% Discount Coupon the destinations and talk to exhibitors about the tive technology from Tec Innovations. See page for the Florida Dive Show. vast array of dive related subjects. 11 for more details You can find a map with the location of your local Once you have experienced the Florida Dive Show, dive stores on the inside of this flyer.
    [Show full text]
  • Wreck a Sunny Winter Day on Lake Rap Mezzola, a Pond Located on the North- Ern End of Lake Como
    wreck A sunny winter day on Lake rap Mezzola, a pond located on the north- ern end of Lake Como. Below the surface, the water con- ditions are gloomy. Text and photos by Andrea “Murdock” Alpini Archival photo research by Andrea “Murdock” Alpini Lake Como is famous world- wide for its beauty, the charm of its ancient villas, stunning lake views, iconic village of Bellagio and romantic setting. Under its surface, Lake Como hides hundreds of hidden treasures: ancient wrecks and incredible stories. One of those wrecks lies in the northern corner of the lake. Here, there is a small pond called Lake Mezzola, whose flat mirror surface hides one of the most beautiful steamships ever to have sunk along the Alps. Plinio III Wreck — Early 20th Century Steamship in Lake Como, Italy This historic steamship, which sank during a The elegance and refinement of the ball- In August 2008, Plinio III received protec- winter storm over a decade ago, was named room and first-class areas of the ship were tion under the Italian Ministry of Culture. Plinio III and was launched in 1903. It was the well known to the local aristocracy, a mix- One year later, on 9 December, during a most elegant ship ever seen on the lake. ture of British and Italian nobility. On 28 May foggy and rainy winter day, the steamship In 1902, the Compagnia Navigazione 1927, the steamships Plinio III and Piroscafo disappeared in the shadows. For a decade, Laghi del Lario (Sailing Company of Lake XXVIII Ottobre were used to escort the main the wreck of this beautiful steamship has Como) commissioned the Swiss shipyard steamship Piroscafo Savoia, which was been covered in mystery and mud, lying on Escher Wyss in Zurich to build a steamship hosting the King of Italy, His Royal Highness the bottom of Lake Mezzola.
    [Show full text]
  • Rov Investigations of the Dkm U-166 Shipwreck Site to Document the Archaeological and Biological Aspects of the Wreck Site
    ROV INVESTIGATIONS OF THE DKM U-166 SHIPWRECK SITE TO DOCUMENT THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE WRECK SITE FINAL PERFORMANCE REPORT NOAA AWARD NO. NA03OAR4600103 Prepared for the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration By 730 East Kaliste Saloom Road Lafayette, LA 70508 October 2004 Daniel J. Warren Marine Archaeologist/Principle Investigator 730 E. KALISTE SALOOM RD LAFAYETTE, LA 70508 AUTHOR PAGE Daniel Warren Principle Investigator/Marine Archaeologist C & C Technologies, Inc. Robert Church Co-Principle Investigator/Marine Archaeologist C & C Technologies, Inc. Dr. Roy Cullimore Co-Principle Investigator/Senior Microbiologist Droycon Bioconcepts, Inc. Lori Johnston Field Microbiologist Droycon Bioconcepts, Inc. 730 E. KALISTE SALOOM RD LAFAYETTE, LA 70508 Author's Note The DKM U-166 and the S.S. Robert E. Lee are recognized war graves and irreplaceable pieces of the world's maritime heritage. Therefore, all coordinates and block numbers have been excluded from this report in an effort to protect the integrity of the wreck sites. 730 E. KALISTE SALOOM RD LAFAYETTE, LA 70508 ABSTRACT In October 2003, investigations were undertaken by C & C Technologies Inc., in conjunction with the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration, Droycon Bioconcepts, Inc. and the PAST Foundation, to document the wreck site of the DKM U-166 in 5,000 feet of water in the Mississippi Canyon Area of the Gulf of Mexico. At the time, the project was the deepest archaeological investigation ever conducted in the Gulf of Mexico. This project marked one of the first instances that positioning technology that is routinely used in the offshore oil and gas industry was utilized on a deepwater archaeological investigation of a shipwreck.
    [Show full text]
  • Tenders & Toys Guide
    OCTOBER 2016 TRUTH • OPINION KNOWLEDGE • IDEAS & SUPERYACHT OWNER INSIGHT KORMARAN Luxury transformed – a class of its own SPECIFICATIONS e essence of the Kormaran is to transform, to convert itself. To perfectly adjust to every situation. e KORMARAN K7 First Edition combines optimum comfort with safety, power LOA: 7,1M and elegance. Whether gliding, driving or ying the K7 FE, unique experiences and driving BEAM: 1,7M - 3,7M sensations can be expected. DRAUGHT: 0,4M e transformation system is a groundbreaking innovation, allowing the Kormaran to change TOP SPEED: 70KMH / 38KNOTS the distance between the hulls and the height of the central passenger cabin. In this way it RANGE: 200KM / 108NM allows the variability and the multifunctionality of the vessel. WEIGHT: 1,5T / 2,0T While conventional boats cannot change their characteristics, the Kormaran can transform ENGINES: 2 / 3 X 300HP even while in motion, elegantly combining the agility of a monohull for quick manoevres with ROTAX JET PROPULSION the stability of a catamaran or trimaran. In addition, the K7 FE can gracefully transform into a DELIVERY TIME: 12 MONTHS large sunbathing island, without compromising transport or storage space. Wilhelm-Spazier Str. 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria T: +43 662 828886 500 E: [email protected] W: www.kormaran.com TENDERS & TOYS GUIDE All your tenders, all your toys Tenders Toys and much more... BUILD | DELIVERY | AFTER-SALES | BROKERAGE | SLIDES | JET SKIS | SEABOBS | FLYBOARDS | & LOTS MORE Contact | UK: +44 2380 01 63 63 | FR: +33 489 733 347
    [Show full text]
  • B E L F a S T T I T a N I C S O C I E
    B E L F A S T T I T A N I C S O C I E T Y th 2 5 a n n i v e r s a r y y e a r 2 0 1 6 / 2 0 1 7 Check our website for the most recent information on meetings and events www.belfast-titanic.com We are proud to be associated with RBAI who continue to host our monthly meetings – the School MONDAY 12th SEPTEMBER is closely associated with Belfast’s wider maritime MEETING and Titanic story: Titanic’s Dr Simpson and Thomas at RBAI Andrews were among its former pupils (old Instonians) as was Lord William Gustav Wilhem Wolff Pirrie, Chairman of Harland and Wolff shipbuilders – for more information on - shipbuilder and rope maker RBAIs illustrious history visit their school website at www.rbai.ac.uk A talk by AIDAN MCMICHAEL C hairman Belfast Titanic Society SAT 10th AND SUN 11th SEPTEMBER How did Gustav Wolff leave Hamburg at the age of 14 years of age and end up Chief OPEN DAY AT GRAYMOUNT EVENT at Draughtsman and then co- director for one of HOUSE (‘Heritage Open Days’) Hazelwood the biggest ship builders in the world, as well as owner of one of the biggest rope makers in the An event by TRACY BEARE Vice Principal of Hazelwood Integrated world? School and BTS member. Graymount House is a Regency House opened He was Harland’s in 1835 by linen merchant William Gray. The house was bought by the kindred spirit and they Belfast Corporation for the municipal hospital for tuberculosis children.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of Shipwrecks in Inner Ionian Sea (Greece): a Remote Sensing Approach
    heritage Article Atlas of Shipwrecks in Inner Ionian Sea (Greece): A Remote Sensing Approach Maria Geraga 1, Dimitris Christodoulou 1, Dimitrios Eleftherakis 1, George Papatheodorou 1,* , Elias Fakiris 1 , Xenophon Dimas 1, Nikos Georgiou 1 , Stavroula Kordella 1 , Michalis Prevenios 1, Margarita Iatrou 1, Despina Zoura 1, Sofia Kekebanou 1, Makis Sotiropoulos 2 and George Ferentinos 1 1 Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography, Geology Department, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (D.E.); [email protected] (E.F.); [email protected] (X.D.); [email protected] (N.G.); [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (M.I.); [email protected] (D.Z.); [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (G.F.) 2 Aquatic Scuba Diving Club, 1 Marinou Antipa Str, Ag. Efimia, Kefallinia, 28081 Ionian Islands, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 October 2020; Accepted: 24 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Underwater cultural heritage (UCH) sites constitute an important part of the overall cultural heritage both nationally and globally as they carry cultural, environmental, scientific, technological, political, economic and social viewpoints. UCH includes not only submerged sites and buildings, but also vessels and aircrafts. The Inner Ionian Sea in Greece is a place rich in a significant number of shipwrecks with a timespan ranging from ancient times right through to the 20th century. The results herein present the study of ancient, World War I (WWI), World War II (WWII) and more recent shipwrecks in the inner Ionian Sea.
    [Show full text]