DOCSLIB.ORG

Babylonian Legal and Business Documents from the Time

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Babylonian Legal and Business Documents from the Time THE BABYLONIAN EXPEDITION THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA SERIES A: CUNEIFORM TEXTS EDITED BY H. V. HILPRECHT VOLUME VI, PART1 BY HERMANN RANKE - ECKLEY BRINTON COXE. JUNIOR, FUND " PHILADELPHIA Pu6lished by the Department of Archaeology, University of Pennsylvania 1906 HE EDITOR determines the material to constitute a volume and T reports to the Committee of Publication on the general merits of the manuscript and autograph plates submitted for publication: but the Editor is not responsible for the views expressed by the writer. BABYLONIAN LEGAL AND BUSINESS DOCUMENTS FROM THE TIME OF TIIE FIRST DYNASTY 01.'BABYLON CHIEFLY FROM SIPPAR HERMANN RANKE. PH.D. I I Hll,FSARBEITBR A. D. AEOYPTISCHEN ABTEILUNG U. I<aNIGL. hlllS~BN, BER~IN, GERMANY FORMEBLYIIIBRISON RESEABCHFRLLOW IN ASSYRIOLOOV. .UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 71 Plates of Autographed Texts and 13 Plates of Halftone Illustrations PHILADELPHIA Published by the Deparfmenf or Archaeology, 'University of Pennsylvania 1906 MACCAI.LA & Go. Inc.. Printers C. H. J&XES, Lithographer WEEKS PHOTO-ENOBAYINGCo., Ualftones I=o Hlbert Zobias Clap haaiatunt $lrnfemnr nf Bemitir $lhilnlngy an3 Arr$uenlngy at the Pniuereiql nf $lmnsyluunia Chis Volume is Dedicated in :%inr~rpfri~nbship unh gdiiube, PREFACE. The copies of the 119 texts here publishcd have been made in Philadelphia during the ycars 1902-1905. The photograph reproductions of some of the tablets, for which I am greatly obliged to the skill of Mr. W. H. Witte, of the Free Museum of Science and Art, will enable the reader to test the accuracy of the copies. The printing had to be done after I had returnecl t,o Germany and thus consumed a considerable amount of tirne. The editor, Prof. II. V. Hilprecht,, very kindly aseisted me in correcting the proof-sheets of the autograph plates. The arra,ngement of the book will need no commentary. 111 giving a list of the cuneiform signs I have followed the example given by Prof. Clay in Vols. X a,nd XIV of this series of publications. I have not tried to enumerate all variants occurring in this volume, but confined myself to selecting the more common ones. On the other hand, I have not hesitated to include from Dr. Pinches' copies in Cuneiform Texts fiom Babylonian Tablets some signs which happen not to occur in my texts. This appeared to be desirable, since a sign list of the early Babylonian cursive, arranged according to the composition of the signs, has not yet been published. I11 the Introduction, I have given a transliteration and translation of 19 texts, representing the different kinds of documents here published. The translations are meant to give the lay reader an impression of the contents of these early Babylonian texts and do not claim to be absolutely correct in details. Only the interesting tablet No. 96 (No. 13 of the collection) has been treated more elaborately. I was prepared to give also copies of the dates of the unpublished Hammurabi dynasty tablets preserved in the Philadelphia Museum, hut my time did not suffice to finish them. A classification of these. unpublished tablets according to their contents, and a list of the personal names occurring in them, seems a desirable task for the future. I do not doubt that a careful examination of the entire collection would furnish even a goodly number of additional texts, which deserve to be published in extenso. Neither did I find the time to go into a special study of the numerous and inter- esting seal cylinder impressions. A few of them will be- found on the halftone plates and may be of some value for the specialist. A careful publication of all such cylinder vii ... Ylll EARLY BABYLONIAN BUSINmS DOCUMENTS impressions occurring on dated tablets of the Hammurabi dynasty--as a basis for a future systematic investigation and chronological arrangement of the eiirly 13;tbylonian seal cylinders-is highly desirable and will find most valuable material in the Phila- delphia collections. My warmest thanks are due to my friend, Prof. Albcrt T. Clay, of the University of Pennsylvania, who never ceased to give me advice and encouragement in the difficult task of copying, for which his unsurpassed editions of Persian ancl Cassite tcxts have served me as a model. My friend, Dr. Arthur Ungnad, of the Berlin Museum, has read a complete proof of the Introduction and of the name lists, and I owe him a number of valuable suggestions. Finally, my thanks are due to the Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. CI. C. Harrison; to the Vice-Provost, Dr. E. F. Smith, and to the former Curator of the Egyptian Section of the Free Museum of Science and Art, Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson, for the active interest that they have taken in this work; and to Mr. Eckley Brinton Coxc, Jr., who by his generosity has very kindly facilitated its publication. BER~.IN-GRO~BLICHTEL~PE~DE,August 10, 1906. HERMANNRANIIE. PAGE BIBLIOGHAPHY . 1-2 INTRODUCTION: The Tablets . 3-7 Contents of the Tablets . 7-19 Translations of Selected Texts . 19-33 COXCORDANCEOF PROPER NAMES : 1. Names of Persoi~s . 1. Names of Men . 3. Names of Women . 3. Names of Scribes . 4. Nanies of Other Officials . 11. Kames of Places . 111. Names of Gates in Sippar . IV. Narnes of Rivers and Canals . V. Names of Deities Contained in Proper Names . TABLEOF CONTENTSAND DESCRIPTIONOF OBJECTS: I. Autograph Reproductions . 65-77 11. Photograph Reproductions . 78-70 CUNEIFORMTEXTS . Plates 1-72 HALFTONEREPRODUCTIONS . Plates I-XI11 I3I131,IOGRAYHY "I1 THE T,ITERATULiE REFERRING TO THE PERIOD OF THE FIRST DYNASTY OF BABYLON. I: N. Strasslr~mLer, Die ullbabyloniseher~VoYriige nus Warka (in Verhandlungen des 5. inlernalionalen Oricntnlislen- kongresscs, pp. 315-364 and p1. 1-144), Berlin, 1882. Th. G. Pinches, "Jnscribed Babylonian Tablets in the Possession of Sir Henry Peel<," Nos. 1, 13, 14, Landon, 1888. B. ~Meissner,Beilrdye sum oltbobglor~ise/~enPrivatrecht (=Vol. XI of Assyriologisehe Bibliolhelc, edited by P. Uelitzscli and P. Haupt), Ilerlin, 1892. Th. G. Pinches, Volmnes 11, IV, VI, and VIII of "Cuneiform Texts from Habylonisn Tablets in tire British Museum" (editcd by E. A. W. nudge), London, 1896, 1898, 1899. L, JV. King, "Lettcrs and Inscriptions of IIammurabi" (three volumes), Lundun, 1808-1900. V. Seheil, Une Saison de fouillcs b Sippar, Paris, 1902. V.Schcil, Code dcs lois de EcIamrnurabi (=Vol. IV of Tertes Blamites-Sdrnitiyues of tlie Mdmoircs dd le Ddldgalion en Perse, editcd by J. dc Morgan), Paris, 1902. E. F. Harper, "The Code of Hammurabi, Icing of Babylon," Chicago, 1901; ef. "Amer. Jonm, oE Scrnit. Lang, and Lit.," Vol. XX, No. 1). Th. P'riedrieh, "Altbobylonische Urksnden aus Sippara" (in Beitrage zur Assyriolugie, Vol. V, 4), Leipzig, 19O6. P. Jcnsen, Inschriften aus der Regierungszeit Haminurabi's (in Schrader'~Keilin~chriitli~he Bibliothek, Vol. 111, pp. 107-133), Hcrlin, 1892. B. Mcissner, Allbabylo7lische Brieje (in Beitrage zur Assyrir~logie,edited by F. Delitasch and P. IIaupt, Vol. 11, pi,. 557-5$4), I,cipzig, 1894. F. LC. Peiser, Althabyloniscl~e Urlcunden (in Schrader's Keilinschrillliehe Bibliolhak, Vol. IV, pp. 8-49, containing transliterations and translations of legal aud carnmereial documents, some of which have not yet been publislied in original copies), Berlin, 1896. l'h. G. Pinches, "Some Early Babylonian Contracts or J,cgal Ilocuments" (in "Journal oi tile Iioyal Asiatic Society," London, 1897 ,p. 589-613). B. Meissnw, Altbabylonische Gesetze (in Beik. z. Assyriol., Vol. 111, pp. 49%523), Lcipsig, 1898. Th. G. Pinches, "Same Early Babylonian Contracts, etc." (in "Jaurnal of the Royal Asiatic Society," London, 1899, pp. 103-120). M. PV. Montgomery, Brief; aus der Zeil des babylonisehen IGnigs Hammurabi (Berlin Dissertation), Lcipzig, 1901. F. Delitzsch and J. A. Knudtzon,Brieie Hanin~urabi'san Sin-idinnanz (in Bcilrage zur AssyrioZogie, Vol. IV, pp. 88- loo), Leipzig, 1902. E. Lindl, Die Datenlisie der ersten Dpastie con Babylon (ib., pp. 338-402; ef. F. Delitrseh, Randbemerkungen ru Lindl's Ahhandlung, ib., pp. 403-409). : 2 EAELY BABYLONIAN BUSINESS DOCUBlENTS G. Nagel, Die Briefe Ilammurabi's an Sin-idinnam (ib., pp. 434-483; cf. F. Delitzseh, Zuaalzbe~r~erkungenzu Nagel's Ahhandlung, zb., pp. 483-500). J. IIunger, Becherwahrsagung bei den Babylolziern (-Lcipziger Sernitistisehc Sludien, I, I), Lcipsig, 1903. S. Daiehes, Altbabylonisehe Reehtsurkunden (ib., I, 2), 1,eipeig; 1903. 11. Wincklor, Die Gesetze Hammurabi's, ICdnigs uon Babylon (=Der alle Orient, 4, Jdlrg~ng,Heit 4), Leip~ig,1903. C. H. W.Johns, "The Oldest Codo of Laws in the World," Edinburgh, 1903. D. H. Miiller, Ilic Gesetze Hammurabi's und ilm Verhiltnis zur moseisehen Gesetrycbung, etc., Wicn, 1903. J. Kohler and F. E. Peiser, Hammurabi's Gesetz, Volume I, Leipzig, 1904. H. Winckler, Die Gesetzc Hammurabi's in Umscllrift und Uebersetzung, Leipaig, 1904. B. Meissner, Aus dem altbebylonisehm Recht (=Dm altc Orient, 7. Jalirgsng, Heft I), TAphig, 1905. B. Meissner, l'heorie undPrazis imaltbabylonischcn Reciit( =Milleilungen dm Vorderasiatischen Gcscllsekajt, pp. 25-71), Berlin. 1905. 111. TKEATISEBOF SPECIALSUBJECTS. B. Meissm, De servitute babylonico-assyrinea (Berlin Dissertation), Loipzig, 1882. V. Revillout, Unr famille de commerpcnts (in E. Revillout, Les obligations en droit egyption cornpar6 ouz autres droit.? de l'antipuitd), Paris, 1886. Th. G. Pinches, "Sonhood or Adoption among the Early Babylouians" (Hehraiea, VII, pp. 18G-189), Chicago, 1891. F. Delitzsch, Bcrnerkungcn zu einigen allbabylonisehm ICdnigs- und Personennnmen (Bcitriige zu~AssyvioIogie, Vol. 11, pp. 822-6261, Leipsig, 1894. G. Reisner, Altbabyloniseho Maasse u. Gcuriehle (Sitzungsberirhte dcr Kdnigl. Preuss. Akad. d, IVissensel~., 1896, pp. 417-4281, F. Hommel, Die altisraelitische TJeberlieferuny in insehrijllieher Beleuehtung, Chapters 3-5, hlunclicn, 1897. l'h. G. Pinches, Obsrruations sur la religion des Babyloniens BOO0 ans avant Jesus Christ (in Revue de l'histoire dei religions, tome 43, pp. 1-25), Paris, 1901.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Asherah in the Hebrew Bible and Northwest Semitic Literature Author(S): John Day Source: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol
    Asherah in the Hebrew Bible and Northwest Semitic Literature Author(s): John Day Source: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 105, No. 3 (Sep., 1986), pp. 385-408 Published by: The Society of Biblical Literature Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3260509 . Accessed: 11/05/2013 22:44 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society of Biblical Literature is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Biblical Literature. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 143.207.2.50 on Sat, 11 May 2013 22:44:00 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions JBL 105/3 (1986) 385-408 ASHERAH IN THE HEBREW BIBLE AND NORTHWEST SEMITIC LITERATURE* JOHN DAY Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University, England, OX2 6QA The late lamented Mitchell Dahood was noted for the use he made of the Ugaritic and other Northwest Semitic texts in the interpretation of the Hebrew Bible. Although many of his views are open to question, it is indisputable that the Ugaritic and other Northwest Semitic texts have revolutionized our understanding of the Bible. One matter in which this is certainly the case is the subject of this paper, Asherah.' Until the discovery of the Ugaritic texts in 1929 and subsequent years it was common for scholars to deny the very existence of the goddess Asherah, whether in or outside the Bible, and many of those who did accept her existence wrongly equated her with Astarte.
    [Show full text]
  • 1/3/2018 31/3/2018 Hoshiarpur District Social Security Office
    District Social Security Office Hoshiarpur MUKERIAN ABDULAPUR ABDULLAPUR Beneficiary Wise Sanction Report 1/3/2018 T o 31/3/2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sr.N PLA No. Beneficiary Name Father/Husband Name Amount --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- District Social Security Office Hoshiarpur MUKERIAN ABDULAPUR ABDULLAPUR Beneficiary Wise Sanction Report 1/3/2018 T o 31/3/2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sr.N PLA No. Beneficiary Name Father/Husband Name Amount --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Block/Panchayat/Village Name MUKERIAN ABDULAPUR ABDULLAPUR Scheme Name FADC 1 hsp/2017/r VEENA DEVI RAJINDER KUMAR 1,500 2 hsp/2017/r PREM LATA BALDEV SINGH 750 3 13630 BHOLI KARTAR SINGH 1,500 4 13629 PREM LATA VIJAY KUMAR 750 Scheme Name FADP 5 16605 HARJIT KAUR PREM LAL 750 6 9288 LISWA TARSEM MASIH 750 7 9507 RAMESH SINGH(CHANDNI) SANT SINGH 750 8 9496 RAKESH KUMAR BACHITER RAM 750 9 9505 KULDIP SINGH KIRPA RAM 750 10 9506 JIT KUMAR KAPOOR CHAND 750 11 2354 PREM LAL MANU 750 12 1749 SHAKTI KUMAR BASANTA RAM 750 Scheme Name FAWD 13 20473 PUSHPA DEVI SOHAN LAL 750 14 20475 RAM PIARI BALWARPAR SINGH 750 15 20471 RESHMA GULZAR 750 16 20472 SATYA DEVI JANAK RAJ 750 17 20743 KUSAM CHIB KIRSAN SINGH 750 18 20736 KAILASH DEVI AMAR SINGH 750 19 6447 PUSHPA DEVI
    [Show full text]
  • Nabu 2015-2-Mep-Dc
    ISSN 0989-5671 2015 N°2 (juin) NOTES BRÈVES 25) À propos d’ARET XII 344, des déesses dgú-ša-ra-tum et de la naissance du prince éblaïte* — Le texte administratif ARET XII 344 est malheureusement assez lacuneux, mais à notre avis quand même très intéressant. Les lignes du texte préservées sont les suivantes: r. I’:1’-5’: ‹x›[...] / šeš-[...] / in ⸢u₄⸣ / ḫúl / ⸢íl⸣-['à*-ag*-da*-mu*] v. II’:1’-11’: ...] K[ALAM.]KAL[AM(?)] / NI-šè-na-⸢a⸣ / ma-lik-tum / è / é / daš-dar / ap / íl-'à- ag-da-mu / i[n] / [...] / [...] r. III’:1’-9’: ⸢'à⸣-[...] / 1 gír mar-t[u] zú-aka / 1 buru₄-mušen 1 kù-sal / daš-dar / NAM-ra-luki / 1 zara₆-túg ú-ḫáb / 1 giš-šilig₅* 2 kù-sig₁₇ maš-maš-SÙ / 1 šíta zabar / dga-mi-iš r. IV’:1’-10’: ⸢x⸣[...] / 10 lá-3 an-dù[l] igi-DUB-SÙ šu-SÙ DU-SÙ kù:babbar / 10 lá-3 gú-a-tum zabar / dgú-ša-ra-tum / 5 kù-sig₁₇ / é / en / ni-zi-mu / 2 ma-na 55 kù-sig₁₇ / sikil r. V’:1’-6’: [x-]NE-[t]um / [x K]A-dù-gíd / [m]a-lik-tum / i[n-na-s]um / dga-mi-iš / 1 dib 2 giš- DU 2 ti-gi-na 2 geštu-lá 2 ba-ga-NE-su!(ZU) r. VI’:1’-6’: [...]⸢x⸣ / [m]a-[li]k-tum / [šu-ba₄-]ti / [x ki]n siki / [x-]li / [x-b]a-LUM. Tout d’abord, on remarquera qu’au début du texte on peut lire in ⸢u₄⸣ / ḫúl / ⸢íl⸣-['à*-ag*-da*- mu*], c’est-à-dire « dans le jour de la fête (en l’honneur) d’íl-'à-ag-da-mu ».
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship of Yahweh and El: a Study of Two Cults and Their Related Mythology
    Wyatt, Nicolas (1976) The relationship of Yahweh and El: a study of two cults and their related mythology. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2160/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] .. ýýý,. The relationship of Yahweh and Ell. a study of two cults and their related mythology. Nicolas Wyatt ý; ý. A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy rin the " ®artänont of Ssbrwr and Semitic languages in the University of Glasgow. October 1976. ý ý . u.: ý. _, ý 1 I 'Preface .. tee.. This thesis is the result of work done in the Department of Hebrew and ': eraitia Langusgee, under the supervision of Professor John rdacdonald, during the period 1970-1976. No and part of It was done in collaboration, the views expressed are entirely my own. r. .e I should like to express my thanks to the followings Professor John Macdonald, for his assistance and encouragement; Dr. John Frye of the Univeritty`of the"Witwatersrandy who read parts of the thesis and offered comments and criticism; in and to my wife, whose task was hardest of all, that she typed the thesis, coping with the peculiarities of both my style and my handwriting.
    [Show full text]
  • Enkidu (W by Attila Szervác)
    Enkidu (w by Attila Szervác) physical theatre play A story of Enkidu, Abimelech & Peter chars: God, Gilgamesh, servant, Enkidu, Abraham, Sarah, Amibelech, Jesus, Peter, soldier, A, B, the injured youngster (about 15 to 16 years old (probably an adolescent son)) 1st scene Mesopotamia, Uruk Gilgamesh puts his rough commands with his stick. A servant appears, manually asking him not to handle such rough commands. [text] Gilgamesh slams the servant on his ear with his stick. God creates Enkidu. [text] Enkidu pleads for Gilgamesh not to deal with such rough commands. [text] Gilgamesh beats Enkidu on his ear, who is injured, then attacks Enkidu. Enkidu and Gilgamesh fight, but Gilgamesh can not defeat Enkidu. Gilgamesh throws himself to front of Enkidu, who is bleeding and asks to forgive him. [text] Enkidu forgives him and raises Gilgamesh. [text, Gilgamesh, brother, Lo your Bonevolent face, I forgive you; agapé] Enkidu and Gilgamesh upon Gamesh's request start off against dragon of Uruk. [text: Enkidu, my bro, please, help, as You see I worked my people for strength against the Dragon. Enkidu: Gilgamesh, my bro, shine your beautiful face to rid your people of the Dragon, I help You! 2nd scene Gerar Abraham and Sarah take off their married symbols and hide them, and they show themselves as couples dancing brothers with corresponding fraternal embraces. King Abimelech is astonished at Sarah's dance, and departs, and then his servant, with parchment and stick, instructs Sarah to immediately go to Abimelech's throne. She is dancing to Abimelech, who caresses her and pulls her hand in his unseen room.
    [Show full text]
  • NABU 2021 2 Compilé 07 Corr NZ
    ISSN 0989-5671 2021 N° 2 (juin) NOTES BRÈVES 26) Kings’ ladies at Ebla’s court — The label ‘dam en list’ is used to refer to sections of several administrative tablets mentioning the female members of the Ebla royal family. These women appear in the documents along with other members of the court as the recipients of garments and/or precious objects. Three new, complete lists of dam en have been published since the last comprehensive study on the topic by Tonietti (1989), and several fragmentary lists appeared in Lahlou and Catagnoti (2006). In this note I shall offer an updated index of the dam en lists, providing a few general remarks which might facilitate access to this material to a non-specialist public. The group of women mentioned in the dam en lists includes different female members of the royal family. While Sumerian differentiates between human and non-human, Eblaite and other Semitic languages have two grammatical genders. We thus translate the Sumerian term dam (“spouse”) as “wife” or “(adult) woman” depending on the context. However, the scribes of the Archives used the label dam en rather inconsistently, at times including in this group women who had a different kin relationship with the king (Biga 1987). Three facts corroborate this statement. First, in some lists, such as R₁ (see Table 1) the scribes made a clear distinction between the king’s wives, addressed as dam en (Raʿutum, Kiršūt, Ḥinna-Šamaš, Rapeštum, Mašgašatu, Maqaratu, Tašma-Damu, Rapeštum-II), his daughters who are called dumu-mi₂ en (Maʾut, Ṣanīʿī-Mari), as well as several other high ranking women.
    [Show full text]
  • SUMERIAN LITERATURE and SUMERIAN IDENTITY My Title Puts
    CNI Publicati ons 43 SUMERIAN LITERATURE AND SUMERIAN IDENTITY JERROLD S. COOPER PROBLEMS OF C..\NONlCl'TY AND IDENTITY FORMATION IN A NCIENT EGYPT AND MESOPOTAMIA There is evidence of a regional identity in early Babylonia, but it does not seem to be of the Sumerian ethno-lingusitic sort. Sumerian Edited by identity as such appears only as an artifact of the scribal literary KIM RYHOLT curriculum once the Sumerian language had to be acquired through GOJKO B AR .I AMOVIC educati on rather than as a mother tongue. By the late second millennium, it appears there was no notion that a separate Sumerian ethno-lingui stic population had ever existed. My title puts Sumerian literature before Sumerian identity, and in so doing anticipates my conclusion, which will be that there was little or no Sumerian identity as such - in the sense of "We are all Sumerians!" ­ outside of Sumerian literature and the scribal milieu that composed and transmitted it. By "Sumerian literature," I mean the corpus of compositions in Sumerian known from manuscripts that date primarily 1 to the first half of the 18 h century BC. With a few notable exceptions, the compositions themselves originated in the preceding three centuries, that is, in what Assyriologists call the Ur III and Isin-Larsa (or Early Old Babylonian) periods. I purposely eschew the too fraught and contested term "canon," preferring the very neutral "corpus" instead, while recognizing that because nearly all of our manuscripts were produced by students, the term "curriculum" is apt as well. 1 The geographic designation "Babylonia" is used here for the region to the south of present day Baghdad, the territory the ancients would have called "Sumer and Akkad." I will argue that there is indeed evidence for a 3rd millennium pan-Babylonian regional identity, but little or no evidence that it was bound to a Sumerian mother-tongue community.
    [Show full text]
  • Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions
    MISCELLANEOUS BABYLONIAN INSCRIPTIONS BY GEORGE A. BARTON PROFESSOR IN BRYN MAWR COLLEGE ttCI.f~ -VIb NEW HAVEN YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS MDCCCCXVIII COPYRIGHT 1918 BY YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS First published, August, 191 8. TO HAROLD PEIRCE GENEROUS AND EFFICIENT HELPER IN GOOD WORKS PART I SUMERIAN RELIGIOUS TEXTS INTRODUCTORY NOTE The texts in this volume have been copied from tablets in the University Museum, Philadelphia, and edited in moments snatched from many other exacting duties. They present considerable variety. No. i is an incantation copied from a foundation cylinder of the time of the dynasty of Agade. It is the oldest known religious text from Babylonia, and perhaps the oldest in the world. No. 8 contains a new account of the creation of man and the development of agriculture and city life. No. 9 is an oracle of Ishbiurra, founder of the dynasty of Nisin, and throws an interesting light upon his career. It need hardly be added that the first interpretation of any unilingual Sumerian text is necessarily, in the present state of our knowledge, largely tentative. Every one familiar with the language knows that every text presents many possi- bilities of translation and interpretation. The first interpreter cannot hope to have thought of all of these, or to have decided every delicate point in a way that will commend itself to all his colleagues. The writer is indebted to Professor Albert T. Clay, to Professor Morris Jastrow, Jr., and to Dr. Stephen Langdon for many helpful criticisms and suggestions. Their wide knowl- edge of the religious texts of Babylonia, generously placed at the writer's service, has been most helpful.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lost Book of Enki.Pdf
    L0ST BOOK °f6NK1 ZECHARIA SITCHIN author of The 12th Planet • . FICTION/MYTHOLOGY $24.00 TH6 LOST BOOK OF 6NK! Will the past become our future? Is humankind destined to repeat the events that occurred on another planet, far away from Earth? Zecharia Sitchin’s bestselling series, The Earth Chronicles, provided humanity’s side of the story—as recorded on ancient clay tablets and other Sumerian artifacts—concerning our origins at the hands of the Anunnaki, “those who from heaven to earth came.” In The Lost Book of Enki, we can view this saga from a dif- ferent perspective through this richly con- ceived autobiographical account of Lord Enki, an Anunnaki god, who tells the story of these extraterrestrials’ arrival on Earth from the 12th planet, Nibiru. The object of their colonization: gold to replenish the dying atmosphere of their home planet. Finding this precious metal results in the Anunnaki creation of homo sapiens—the human race—to mine this important resource. In his previous works, Sitchin com- piled the complete story of the Anunnaki ’s impact on human civilization in peacetime and in war from the frag- ments scattered throughout Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Hittite, Egyptian, Canaanite, and Hebrew sources- —the “myths” of all ancient peoples in the old world as well as the new. Missing from these accounts, however, was the perspective of the Anunnaki themselves What was life like on their own planet? What motives propelled them to settle on Earth—and what drove them from their new home? Convinced of the existence of a now lost book that formed the basis of THE lost book of ENKI MFMOHCS XND PKjOPHeCieS OF XN eXTfCXUfCWJTWXL COD 2.6CHXPJA SITCHIN Bear & Company Rochester, Vermont — Bear & Company One Park Street Rochester, Vermont 05767 www.InnerTraditions.com Copyright © 2002 by Zecharia Sitchin All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • You Will Be Like the Gods”: the Conceptualization of Deity in the Hebrew Bible in Cognitive Perspective
    “YOU WILL BE LIKE THE GODS”: THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF DEITY IN THE HEBREW BIBLE IN COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE by Daniel O. McClellan A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Master of Arts in Biblical Studies We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard ............................................................................... Dr. Craig Broyles, PhD; Thesis Supervisor ................................................................................ Dr. Martin Abegg, PhD; Second Reader TRINITY WESTERN UNIVERSITY December, 2013 © Daniel O. McClellan Table of Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 1.1 Summary and Outline 1 1.2 Cognitive Linguistics 3 1.2.1 Profiles and Bases 8 1.2.2 Domains and Matrices 10 1.2.3 Prototype Theory 13 1.2.4 Metaphor 16 1.3 Cognitive Linguistics in Biblical Studies 19 1.3.1 Introduction 19 1.3.2 Conceptualizing Words for “God” within the Pentateuch 21 1.4 The Method and Goals of This Study 23 Chapter 2 – Cognitive Origins of Deity Concepts 30 2.1 Intuitive Conceptualizations of Deity 31 2.1.1 Anthropomorphism 32 2.1.2 Agency Detection 34 2.1.3 The Next Step 36 2.2. Universal Image-Schemas 38 2.2.1 The UP-DOWN Image-Schema 39 2.2.2 The CENTER-PERIPHERY Image-Schema 42 2.3 Lexical Considerations 48 48 אלהים 2.3.1 56 אל 2.3.2 60 אלוה 2.3.3 2.4 Summary 61 Chapter 3 – The Conceptualization of YHWH 62 3.1 The Portrayals of Deity in the Patriarchal and Exodus Traditions 64 3.1.1 The Portrayal of the God of the Patriarchs
    [Show full text]
  • Nippur Bibliography Linda B
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CGU Faculty Publications and Research CGU Faculty Scholarship 1-1-1992 Nippur Bibliography Linda B. Bregstein Tammi J. Schneider Claremont Graduate University Recommended Citation The following appears in Bregstein, Linda B. and Tammi J. Schneider, comp. "Nippur Bibliography." Nippur at the Centennial: Papers Read at the 35th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Philadelphia 1988, ed. Maria de Jong Ellis, Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 14, pp. 337-365. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum, 1992. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the CGU Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in CGU Faculty Publications and Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NIPPUR BIBLIOGRAPHY Linda B. Bregstein and Tammi J. Schneider University of Pennsylvania The Nippur Bibliography which follows is divided into two parts. The first part, "Text Publications and Interpretations," includes all primary publications of Nippur tablets and all studies that make significant use of tablets from Nippur. The secondary studies are included in order to highlight the contribution of the Nippur tablets to the reconstruction and interpretation of ancient Near Eastern literature, history, mythology, economy, law, and lexicography. The second part of the bibliography, "Excavation Reports and Secondary Archaeological Publications," in­ cludes all publications relating to the Nippur excavations, as well as studies of major archaeological finds. At the end of the section is a list of the Nippur field seasons, 1889-1990. TEXT PUBLICATIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS AI-Fouadi, A. "Enki's Journey to Nippur: The Journeys of the Gods," unpublished Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • NABU 2021 1 Compilé 09 Corr DC
    ISSN 0989-5671 2021 N° 1 (mars) NOTES BRÈVES 1) Ebla: how many years? — Essays on Ebla by the philologists who collaborate with the Archaeological Expedition to Ebla of the University of Rome – La Sapienza are published rather frequently, one after the other. They concern a society which is different in some way from those studied by other specialists of third millennium B.C. Ebla is something like a New World: personal names and many geographic names sound alien to these colleagues; some documentary forms are unusual; the lexicon coincides in large part, but not completely, with that of the Mesopotamian documents; Sumerian names are applied to local deities. No one can follow everything and must therefore rely (sometimes perhaps with a grain of salt) on what Eblaitologists say. Too many things are not as clear as one would wish, but this is what stimulates research. The situation becomes uncomfortable, however, if Eblaitologists disagree with each other on some basic features. This predicament is evident comparing the two essays, which in some way also concern Ebla, that appear in The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East I (K. Radner ed.), New York 2020, an opus intended to replace the glorious Cambridge Ancient History, as far as the Ancient Near East is concerned. V. Bartash, author of chapter 8, “The Early Dynastic Near East”, gives a concise picture of the Ebla state basing himself on the interpretations offered by the philologists of the Ebla Expedition (Bartash 2020: 579–583). P. Michalowski, author of chapter 10, “The kingdom
    [Show full text]