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An Improved PC TRAP for Tactical Missile Design Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1993-09 Missile Design PC TRAP: an improved PC TRAP for tactical missile design Gibeau, Daniel G. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39943 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California <-••-_-__ TIC. --- I EL.ECTE ISSILE DESIGN PC TRAP: AN HIMPROVED PC TRAP FOR TACTICAL MISSILE DESIGN by J.J.P. Daniel Gibeau L September, 1993 Thesis Advisor: Conrad F. Newberry Approved for public release; distribution Is unlimited. ý94-O92689 V 4 3 2 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAIE Form Approved 0MB No. 0704 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction. searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regadmg this burden estimate or my other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway. Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September, 1993 Engineer's Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE MISSILE DESIGN PC TRAP: AN 5. FUNDING NUMBERS IMPROVED PC TRAP FOR TACTICAL MISSILE DESIGN 6. AUTHOR(S) Daniel Gibeau 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION Monterey CA 93943-5000 REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *A 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) The Missile Design Personal Computer Trajectory Analysis Program (Missile Design PCTRAP) is a simple and compact multi-purpose tactical missile simulation program that runs quickly on any IBM-compatible personal computer. It is an improved version of the USAF PC TRAP computer program, in that it adds guidance laws, simulates tv ) extra intercept scenarios (surface-to-air and air-to-surface), and provides more simulation options, such as flight envelope generation and Monte Carlo simulations. Missile Design PC TRAP is proposed as a substitute for complex main- frame simulation models, such as TRAP for conceptual and preliminary missile design phases, trade- off studies, academic purposes, and military operational applications. Missile Design PC TRAP can simulate the launch aircraft, the target and the missile in three- dimensions as point mass vehicles in air-to-air, surface-to-air, or air-to-surface intercept scenarios. Real time graphics display of the vehicle trajectories is available. Seven tactical missile guidance laws are derived, detailed and implemented into the Missile Design PC TRAP algorithms. The missile aerodynamic, propulsion, and physical characteristics are estimated from a small amount of input data. The program can simulate one-on-one engagements, generate launch envelopes in two planes, and perform Monte Carlo simulations with random initiation of the selected target evasive maneuvers. Its computing time is generally less than real time on a 486 33Mhz personal computer chip. Comparison to missile flight paths generated by Missile Design PC TRAP and a more complete simulation program (TRAP) shows agreement between the simulation results. A complete description of the algorithms is offered, as well as a comprehensive user's manual. 14. SUBJECT TERMS MISSILE SIMULATION; GUIDANCE LAW; INTERCEPT 15. NUMBER OF SCENARIO; PC TRAP; MISSILE DESIGN PC TRAP; TRAP; TACTICAL MISSILE DESIGN. PAGES 323 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFI- 18. SECURITY CLASSIFI- 19. SECURITY CLASSIFI- 20. LIMITATION OF CATION OF REPORT CATION OF THIS PAGE CATION OF ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UL NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Approved for public release; distribution Is unlimited. MISSILE DESIGN PC TRAP: AN IMPROVED PC TRAP FOR TACTICAL MISSILE DESIGN by Daniel J. Gibeau Captain, Canadian Air Force B.Eng, Royal Military College of Canada, 1987 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING AERONAUTICAL AND ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEER from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHO O September, 1993 Danliefr1beau Approved by: Prof. R.E. Ball, Second Reader Daniel ). Coltns, Chairman DIrtment of Aeronautics and Astronautics Richard S. Elster, Dean of Instruction 11 ABSTRACT The Missile Design Personal Computer Trajectory Analysis Program (Missile Design PC TRAP) is a simple and compact multi-purpose tactical missile simulation program that runs quickdy on any IBM-compatible personal computer. It Is an Improved version of the USAF PC TRAP computer program, in that it adds guidance laws, simulates two extra intercept scenarios (surface- to-air and air-to-surface), and provides more simulation options, such as flight envelope generation and Monte Carlo simulations. Missile Design PC TRAP is proposed as a substitute for complex main-frame simulation models, such as TRAP for conceptual and preliminary missile design phases, trade-off studies, academic purposes, and military operational applications. Missile Design PC TRAP can simulate the launch aircraft, the target and the missile in three- dimensions as point mass vehicles in air-to-air, surface-to-air, or air-to-surface intercept scenarios. Real time graphics display of the vehicle trajectories Is available. Seven tactical missile guidance laws are derived, detailed and Implemented Into the Missile Design PC TRAP algorithms. The missile aerodynamic, propulsion, and physical characteristics are estimated from a small amount of input data. The program can simulate one-on-one engagements, generate launch envelopes in two planes, and perform Monte Carlo simulations with random initiation of the selected target evasive maneuvers. Its computing time is generally less than real time on a 486 33Mhz personal computer chip. Comparison to missile flight paths generated by Missile Design PC TRAP and a more complete simulation program (TRAP) shows agreement between the simulation results. A complete description of the algorithms is offered, as well as a comprehensive user's manual. Aooession For WTI$ QRS&I DTIC TAB UnPrPnc.znctd Tt t ifla.ui:t I Oa 0 Y*13.i smd/or 'is Spoclaa TABLE OF CONTEWTS I. INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1 A. REQUIREMENT AND PURPOSE ..................... 1 B. MISSILE DESIGN PC TRAP CAPABILITIES ............. 2 C. BACKGROUND .................................. 3 1. Trajectory Analysis Prcgram (TRAP) .............. 4 2. Personal Computer Trajectory Analysis Program (PCTRAP) ................................... 5 3. Missile Design PC TRAP ........................ 5 D. TACTICAL MISSILES - GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........ 8 II. TACTICAL MISSILE GUIDANCE AND CONTROL ........... 15 A. PHASES OF GUIDANCE .......................... 15 1. Boost Phase ................................. 15 2. Midcourse Phase ............................. 16 3. Terminal Phase .............................. 17 B. GUIDANCE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS .................. 17 1. Detection ................................... 17 2. Acquisition .................................. 19 iv 3. Tracking ................................... 19 4. Steering .................................... 21 C. TYPES OF GUIDANCE ............................ 23 1. Electromagnetic Radiation ...................... 23 a. Command Guidance Missiles ................ 23 (1) Command Missile System .............. 24 (2) Beam-Rider System ................... 25 b. Homing Guidance Missiles .................. 27 (1) Active Homing ....................... 2S (2) Semi-Active Homing .................. 29 (3) Passive Homing ...................... 29 c. Retransmission Guidance ................... 30 d. Composite Systems ........................ 31 2. Non-Electromagnetic Radiation Guidance .......... 32 D. MISSILE FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS .............. 32 1. Roll Autopilots ............................... 35 2. Lateral Autopilots ............................ 37 III. GUIDANCE LAW FUNDAMENTALS ..................... 40 A. INTRODUCTION ................................. 40 B. GUIDANCE LAWIMPLEMENTATION IN MISSILE DESIGN PC TRAP ....................................... 41 v 1. Homing Guidance ............................ 42 2. Command Guidance .......................... 45 3. Guidance Law Modeling ....................... 46 C. HOMING GUIDANCE MISSILES--GUIDANCE LAWS .... 1. Proportional Navigation ........................ 49 2. Two-Dimensional Intercept Geometry and Kinematics 51 a. Initial Conditions ......................... 58 3. Three-Dimensional Intercept Geometry and Kinematics .................................. 60 a. Basic Geometry .......................... 60 b. Ordinary Differential Equations .............. 63 (1) Horizontal Plane ..................... 65 (2) Vertical Plane ....................... 67 (3) Initial Conditions ..................... 68 4. Pure Pursuit ................................. 69 a. Two-Dimensional Intercept Geometry and Kinematics
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