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Migration Radar T3 2020 Migration Radar Asylum Summary September - December 2020 Migration Radar Summary T3 JanuaryDevelopments - Apriland expectations 2020 of asylum-related migration 1 Migration Radar Asylum Summary September - December 2020 Publisher's Information Title Migration Radar Summary. Development and expectation of asylum- related migration September - December 2020. Contents The Migration Radar Summary is an analysis product, centring on the monitoring of asylum-related migration to the Netherlands. For the purpose of comparison, the data from the relevant triannual period have been supplemented by data from previous months and from the same period a year ago. In addition, information is given on developments in countries of origin in the relevant triannual period and policy developments in the Netherlands and Europe. The Migration Radar provides the organisations cooperating in migration with an analysis to support policy and implementation. Reporting period The Migration Radar Summary is based on data from various databases (IND METis, IOM, UNHCR), media reports, public Frontex data and public country information from IND/TOELT. The Migration Radar Summary is published once per triannual period. Cooperation The Migration Radar is an analysis product of the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) (Strategy and Implementation Advice (SUA)/Research & Analysis (O&A) and the IND service centre DV/Country and Language Research and Expertise Team TOELT), and has been written through cooperation with the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (KMar), Ministry of Justice and Security (J&V/Directorate General for Migration (DGM)), Repatriation and Departure (DT&V), Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers (COA), Police and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (BZ). IND Strategy and Implementation Advice (SUA) Implementation & Analysis (O&A) Ministry of van Justice and Security (J&V) Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) Rijnstraat 8 | 2515 XP | Den Haag Postbus 16275 | 2500 BG | Den Haag 2 Migration Radar Asylum Summary September - December 2020 Contents 1 ASYLUM APPLICATIONS ...........................................................................................................................4 1.1 FIRST ASYLUM APPLICATIONS IN THE NETHERLANDS .......................................................................................... 4 1.1.1 Asylum applications by persons coming from “safe countries of origin” .......................................... 6 1.1.2 Asylum applications by persons from visa-free countries ................................................................. 6 1.1.3 Asylum applications by unaccompanied minors (UAMs) .................................................................. 7 1.2 ANNUAL REVIEW 2020 .............................................................................................................................. 9 2 SELECTED COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN .......................................................................................................... 10 2.1 AFGHANISTAN ......................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 ERITREA ................................................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 MOROCCO .............................................................................................................................................. 10 2.4 NIGERIA ................................................................................................................................................. 10 2.5 RUSSIA ................................................................................................................................................... 11 3 OVERVIEW OF ROUTES AND DEVELOPMENTS ....................................................................................... 11 3.1 ROUTES TO THE EU .................................................................................................................................. 11 3.2 IMPORTANT SOCIO-POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE REGIONS ......................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Middle East ..................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 Africa ............................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.3 Asia – Afghanistan .......................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.4 Europe – Russia ............................................................................................................................... 21 4 POLICY AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS .................................................................................................... 23 4.1 EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS ................................................................. 23 4.2 POLICY AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN THE NETHERLANDS ............................................................................... 24 3 Migration Radar Asylum Summary September - December 2020 1 Asylum applications 1.1 First asylum applications in the Netherlands In the third triannual period of 2020, 5,336 first asylum applications were submitted in the Netherlands. This is a decrease in comparison with the same period last year (-2,795, -34%), but an increase in comparison with the second triannual period (+1,736, +48%). Figure 1.1 shows the influx. It can be seen that the influx had increased again since June and stabilised in the autumn at round 1,300 per month. The fluctuations during the year had to do with the changing Corona measures. Figure ‎1.1 Course of the number of first asylum applications in the Nederland’s 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 0 jul-20 jan-20 jun-20 okt-19 okt-20 feb-20 apr-20 sep-19 sep-20 dec-19 dec-20 aug-20 mrt-20 nov-19 nov-20 mei-20 Source: METiS Factboards, consulted on 5 January 20211. Most asylum applications were submitted by Syrians (1,737). This is comparable to the same period in the preceding year (+0.4%), but an increase compared to the preceding triannual period (+55%). In second place are the Algerians (475). This group also shows a stable picture compared to the previous year (-2%) and an increase compared to the preceding triannual period (122%). The Turks are in third place (373), for whom the figures are comparable to those of the preceding year (-4%) and the preceding triannual period (+4%). The number of applications by Moroccans in the third triannual period (335) is at the same level as the same period last year (+3%), but has increased in comparison to the preceding triannual period (+68%). The number of applications by Nigerians in the third triannual period (215) shows a sharp decrease compared to last year in the same period (-60%), but an increase compared to the preceding triannual period (+19%). The number of applications by Eritreans (160) also increased compared to the same period last year (-11%), but increased in comparison with the previous triannual period (+55%). The number of asylum seekers from Russia (84) decreased in comparison with the preceding year (-32%), but sharply increased in comparison with the preceding triannual period (+163%). The four largest nationalities (Syrians, Algerians, Turks and Moroccans) show the same picture in the third triannual period as last year in the same period. The decrease can be ascribed mainly to the decrease in the number of first asylum applications by Nigerians, Iranians and Moldovans. To a 1 For a complete overview of the numbers of first asylum applications per nationality, see the monthly Asylum trends report: https://ind.nl/en/Documents/AT_december_2020_(Hoofdrapport).pdf 4 Migration Radar Asylum Summary September - December 2020 lesser degree, the decrease can be ascribed to the reduced number of first asylum applications van Gambians, North Macedonians, Serbians, Ukrainians, Azerbaijani, Ugandans and Chinese. Figure ‎1.2 Top 20 nationalities who made asylum applications in T3 2020 Source: METiS Factboards, consulted on 5 January 2021. The Top 20 are based on the top 20 in the third triannual period. Figure generated on datawrapper.de Figure ‎1.3 Development of the number of first asylum applications by the top 5 nationalities 2.000 1.800 1.600 1.400 1.200 T3 2019 1.000 T1 2020 800 T2 2020 600 T3 2020 400 200 0 Syria Algeria Turkey Morocco Nigeria 5 Migration Radar Asylum Summary September - December 2020 Source: METiS Factboards, consulted on 5 January 2021. The Top 5 are based on the top 5 in the third triannual period Almost three fourths (73.2%) of the first asylum applicants are men. Most asylum applicants are between 20 and 40 years old. About 5% of the first asylum applicants were UAMs. The majority of them (82%) were boys. About one fifth of the first asylum applicants were accompanied minors, which means that they entered with their family who have custody of them. 1.1.1 Asylum applications by persons coming from “safe countries of origin” In total, 22% (1,172) of the first asylum applications came from countries placed on the list of safe countries of origin. This is an increase compared to the last triannual period (+88%), but a decrease compared to last year in the same period (-19%). In the third triannual period of 2020, two out of the five largest groups
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