DOCSLIB.ORG

Atmospheric Aerosol Distribution in 2016–2017 Over the Eastern European Region Based on the GEOS-Chem Model

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Atmospheric Aerosol Distribution in 2016–2017 Over the Eastern European Region Based on the GEOS-Chem Model atmosphere Article Atmospheric Aerosol Distribution in 2016–2017 over the Eastern European Region Based on the GEOS-Chem Model Gennadi Milinevsky 1,2,3,* , Natallia Miatselskaya 4, Asen Grytsai 2, Vassyl Danylevsky 5, Andrey Bril 4, Anatoli Chaikovsky 4, Yulia Yukhymchuk 3, Yuke Wang 1, Anatoliy Liptuga 6, Volodymyr Kyslyi 6, Olena Turos 7 and Yuriy Serozhkin 6 1 International Center of Future Science, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; [email protected] 2 Physics Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine; [email protected] 3 Department for Atmospheric Optics and Instrumentation, Main Astronomical Observatory, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine; [email protected] 4 Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus; [email protected] (N.M.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (A.C.) 5 Astronomical Observatory, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 04053, Ukraine; [email protected] 6 V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine; [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (V.K.); [email protected] (Y.S.) 7 Laboratory of Air Quality, Marzeiev Institute for Public Health, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +38-050-3525498 Received: 21 May 2020; Accepted: 30 June 2020; Published: 7 July 2020 Abstract: The spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric aerosols have been simulated using the GEOS-Chem model over the sparsely investigated Eastern European region. The spatial distribution of the particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration, mineral dust, black carbon, organic aerosols, sea salt, as well as nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols during 2016–2017 were considered. The aerosols’ concentration, seasonality and spatial features were determined for the region. Particulate matter (PM2.5) contamination prevails in Poland in late autumn and winter. 3 The monthly mean PM2.5 concentration reached 55 µg m− over the Moscow region in the early 3 spring of both years. The mineral dust concentration varied significantly, reaching 40 µg m− over the southwestern part of Eastern Europe in March 2016. The areas most polluted by black carbon aerosols were the central and southern parts of Poland in the winter. The organic aerosols’ concentration 3 was the largest in March and April, reaching 10 µg m− over East Belarus. The sea salt aerosol concentration increased in the coastal regions in winter due to the wind strength. Mineral dust aerosols in Eastern Europe are mainly composed of dust, partially transported from the Ukrainian steppe and partially from the Saharan Desert. Keywords: aerosols; GEOS-Chem; PM2.5; mineral dust; black carbon; organic aerosol; sea salt aerosol 1. Introduction Studies of aerosols’ spatiotemporal distribution on global and regional scales are critical for climate research and air quality monitoring. The aerosol distribution and properties are determined from observational data obtained by various techniques, such as in situ measurements and ground-based and satellite remote sensing, for the purposes of determining the aerosol load and for radiative transfer Atmosphere 2020, 11, 722; doi:10.3390/atmos11070722 www.mdpi.com/journal/atmosphere Atmosphere 2020, 11, 722 2 of 17 investigations (see, e.g., [1–3]). The remote sensing datasets are rather sparse in time and space, particularly because of the night and clouds. The ground-based sun-photometer measurements of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) are very accurate but limited in time and space [4,5]. The satellite remote sensing measurements of the AOD have a larger coverage area, but the confidence of the satellite data was estimated as low [2]. The spatiotemporal variability of the aerosols’ concentration in the atmosphere varies with altitude because of the short lifetime of the aerosol particles in the troposphere: from hours to weeks. The content and spatiotemporal distribution of the aerosol particles, their chemical composition and microphysical structure, are defined by the physical conditions in the atmosphere and their seasonal variations [6]. The seasonal variations in the aerosol concentration and properties were detected by many observations over the globe in different conditions (e.g., [7–9]). It was estimated from various observations that the mesoscale variability of the aerosol horizontal distribution for spatial scales is 40–400 km and for temporal scales is 2–48 h [10]. The modeling of the spatial and temporal distributions of the aerosol concentration and properties is a technique that allows for the estimation of the complete pattern of the atmospheric aerosols. These models are also an appropriate tool for climatology studies over large domains and long periods of time. To simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of the aerosols’ concentration and properties, different models are used, which are developed by different national and international institutions. For example, the Goddard Earth Observing System-5 (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is currently in use in the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at a wide range of resolutions for a variety of applications [11,12]. The widely applicable GEOS-Chem software package is a global three-dimensional (3D) model of atmospheric chemistry controlled by assimilated meteorological observations from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) of the NASA Data Assimilation Office [13,14]. The widely applicable CHIMERE model [15] is dedicated to the study of regional atmospheric pollution events. This model was applied to study the biomass-burning products’ propagation and their influence on solar radiation in the atmosphere caused by intensive wildfires in the central regions of Russia during the summer of 2010 [16,17] and to study the movement of storm dust from the Sahara and biomass-burning smoke from wildfires (Heinold et al. [18]). Additionally, models are widely used to study the particulate matter (PM2.5) distribution in the atmosphere at regional and global scales (e.g., [19–21]). Modeling of the spatiotemporal distribution of the aerosols’ concentration and their properties is particularly important for regions where up-to-date observations are sparse or absent, such as Eastern Europe. The results of the spatiotemporal distribution of the aerosols and their sources over this region using ground-based and satellite observations are discussed in [9,22,23] and simulated in [24,25]. The AOD at 865 nm were used for the analysis of aerosol properties in the atmosphere over Ukraine and adjacent territories in 2003–2011 by Bovchaliuk et al. [22], with a resolution of approximately 18 km 18 km over cloud-free regions. These POLDER/PARASOL data describe the fine-mode aerosols × from the biomass-burning products and different anthropogenic sources [26]. The increased AOD (865 nm) values have usually been observed in April–May and August–September and agree with AERONET data over the Ukraine and Moldova areas and the South of Russia. An increased AOD (865 nm) to 0.2–0.5 was observed in August 2010 due to the intensive wildfires and fire products by the transboundary transport in July–August 2010 [16,27–29]. The seasonal aerosol properties in the Eastern European region were investigated by Milinevsky et al. [9]. The seasonal variations of the aerosol amount and optical features were analyzed using the AERONET sun-photometers data and POLDER satellite measurements. These areas are influenced by the local aerosol pollution sources (traffic, industry) and by the aerosol transport from remote sources (e.g., open steppe areas, mines, and wildfires). The potential influence of air transport on the seasonal variation of aerosols based on the data from the Kyiv and Minsk AERONET sites has been discussed in [9]. The aerosol properties in the atmosphere over Eastern Europe in 2002–2019 have been investigated via MODIS data by Filonchyk et al. [30]. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 722 3 of 17 The global chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, was used to simulate the spatiotemporal distributions of atmospheric concentrations of specific aerosol types over the Belarus–Ukraine region for 2010–2013 [24,25]. Results of the model simulation were evaluated using data from the Minsk and Kyiv AERONET sites. To provide a correct comparison, the simulated aerosol component concentrations were converted into coarse, fine, and total aerosol column volume concentrations, taking into account the hygroscopic growth of particles. The model-predicted and remotely sensed aerosol volume concentrations are in reasonably good agreement. The main purpose of this paper is to determine typical aerosols and reveal the distinctive features of their spatiotemporal distributions in the atmosphere over Belarus and Ukraine where detailed in situ aerosol observations are not available. We use the GEOS-Chem model to simulate the variation of aerosols’ monthly properties in the atmosphere over the Eastern European region, with a special focus on Belarus and Ukraine. In these countries, the air quality networks are not developed and currently are in the stage of planning and discussion. The aerosol distribution in the near-surface layer below 100 m has been modeled. This layer is important to study the impact of aerosols on air quality. In Section2, the GEOS-Chem model is shortly described, and an example of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Black Carbon Emissions in Russia: a Critical Review
    Atmospheric Environment 163 (2017) 9e21 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Atmospheric Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/atmosenv Review article Black carbon emissions in Russia: A critical review * Meredydd Evans a, Nazar Kholod a, , Teresa Kuklinski b, Artur Denysenko c, Steven J. Smith a, Aaron Staniszewski a, Wei Min Hao d, Liang Liu e, Tami C. Bond e a Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, USA b US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of International and Tribal Affairs, Washington, DC, USA c Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA d Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, Missoula, MT, USA e Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA highlights The paper reviews studies on Russia's black carbon emissions. The study also adds organic carbon and uncertainty estimates. Russia's black carbon emissions are estimated at 688 Gg. Russian policies on flaring and on-road transport appear to have significantly reduced black carbon emissions recently. Using the new inventory, the study estimates Arctic forcing. article info abstract Article history: This study presents a comprehensive review of estimated black carbon (BC) emissions in Russia from a Received 14 September 2016 range of studies. Russia has an important role regarding BC emissions given the extent of its territory Received in revised form above the Arctic Circle, where BC emissions have a particularly pronounced effect on the climate. We 1 April 2017 assess underlying methodologies and data sources for each major emissions source based on their level Accepted 16 May 2017 of detail, accuracy and extent to which they represent current conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection and Attribution of Wildfire Pollution in the Arctic and Northern
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12813–12851, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12813-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Detection and attribution of wildfire pollution in the Arctic and northern midlatitudes using a network of Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers and GEOS-Chem Erik Lutsch1, Kimberly Strong1, Dylan B. A. Jones1, Thomas Blumenstock2, Stephanie Conway1, Jenny A. Fisher3, James W. Hannigan4, Frank Hase2, Yasuko Kasai5, Emmanuel Mahieu6, Maria Makarova7, Isamu Morino8, Tomoo Nagahama9, Justus Notholt10, Ivan Ortega4, Mathias Palm10, Anatoly V. Poberovskii7, Ralf Sussmann11, and Thorsten Warneke10 1Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 2Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe, Germany 3Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia 4National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA 5National Institute for Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Tokyo, Japan 6Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium 7St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 8National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan 9Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan 10Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany 11Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany Correspondence: Erik Lutsch ([email protected]) Received: 29 September 2019 – Discussion started: 18 November 2019 Revised: 6 August 2020 – Accepted: 27 August 2020 – Published: 5 November 2020 Abstract. We present a multiyear time series of col- ulation with Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1.2) umn abundances of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen biomass burning emissions was used to determine the source cyanide (HCN), and ethane (C2H6) measured using Fourier- attribution of CO concentrations at each site from 2003 to transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers at 10 sites affiliated 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Atmospheric Impacts of the 2010 Russian Wildfires: Integrating
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10031–10056, 2011 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/10031/2011/ Atmospheric doi:10.5194/acp-11-10031-2011 Chemistry © Author(s) 2011. CC Attribution 3.0 License. and Physics Atmospheric impacts of the 2010 Russian wildfires: integrating modelling and measurements of an extreme air pollution episode in the Moscow region I. B. Konovalov1,2, M. Beekmann2, I. N. Kuznetsova3, A. Yurova3, and A. M. Zvyagintsev4 1Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia 2Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Systemes` Atmospheriques,´ CNRS, UMR7583, Universite´ Paris-Est and Universite´ Paris 7, Creteil,´ France 3Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia, Moscow, Russia 4Central Aerological Laboratory, Dolgoprudny, Russia Received: 15 March 2011 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 19 April 2011 Revised: 16 September 2011 – Accepted: 27 September 2011 – Published: 4 October 2011 Abstract. Numerous wildfires provoked by an unprece- uation. Indeed, ozone concentrations were simulated to be dented intensive heat wave caused continuous episodes of episodically very large (>400 µg m−3) even when fire emis- extreme air pollution in several Russian cities and densely sions were omitted in the model. It was found that fire emis- populated regions, including the Moscow region. This paper sions increased ozone production by providing precursors for analyzes the evolution of the surface concentrations of CO, ozone formation (mainly VOC), but also inhibited the pho- PM10 and ozone over the Moscow region during the 2010 tochemistry by absorbing and scattering solar radiation. In heat wave by integrating available ground based and satel- contrast, diagnostic model runs indicate that ozone concen- lite measurements with results of a mesoscale model.
    [Show full text]
  • Title: Climate Changes and Wildfire Emissions Of
    Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., doi:10.5194/acp-2015-1000, 2016 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Published: 16 February 2016 c Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License. 1 Title: 2 Climate changes and wildfire emissions of atmospheric pollutants in 3 Europe 4 Authors: 1 2 3 4, 5 5 Wolfgang Knorr* , Frank Dentener , Stijn Hantson , Leiwen Jian , Zbigniew 6 3 6 Klimont & Almut Arneth 1 7 Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 8 22362 Lund, Sweden 2 9 European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and 10 Sustainability, Ispra, Italy. 3 11 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate research, 12 Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. 4 13 Asian Demographic Research Institute, Shanghai University 5 14 National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA 6 15 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria 16 *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] 17 18 Abstract: 19 Wildfires are not only a threat to human property and a vital element of many 20 ecosystems, but also an important source of air pollution. In this study, we first review 21 the available evidence for a past or possible future climate-driven increase in wildfire 22 emissions in Europe. We then introduce an ensemble of model simulations with a 23 coupled wildfire – dynamic ecosystem model, which we combine with published 24 spatial maps of both wildfire and anthropogenic emissions of several major air 1/50 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., doi:10.5194/acp-2015-1000, 2016 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of the Aerosol Solar Extinction on Photochemistry During
    Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Manuscript prepared for Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. with version 4.0 of the LATEX class copernicus discussions.cls. Date: 18 September 2015 Influence of the aerosol solar extinction on photochemistry during the 2010 Russian wildfires episode J. C. Per´ e´ 1, B. Bessagnet2, V. Pont3, M. Mallet3, and F. Minvielle1 1Laboratoire d’Optique Atmospherique,´ Universite´ Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France. 2Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France. 3Laboratoire d’Aerologie,´ Observatoire Midi-Pyren´ ees,´ 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France. Correspondence to: J. C. Per´ e´ ([email protected]) 1 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract In this work, impact of aerosol solar extinction on the photochemistry over eastern Eu- rope during the 2010 wildfires episode is discussed for the period from 5 to 12 August 2010, which coincides to the peak of fire activity. The methodology is based on an 5 on-line coupling between the chemistry-transport model CHIMERE (extended by an aerosol optical module) and the radiative transfer code TUV. Results of simulations in- dicate an important influence of the aerosol solar extinction, in terms of intensity and spatial extent, with a reduction of the photolysis rates of NO2 and O3 up to 50 % (in day- time average) along the aerosol plume transport. At a regional scale, these changes in 10 photolysis rates lead to a 3–15 % increase in the NO2 daytime concentration and to an ozone reduction near the surface of 1–12 %.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantifying the Sensitivity of Aerosol Optical Properties to the Parameterizations of Physico-Chemical Processes During the 2010 Russian Wildfires and Heatwave
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9679–9700, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9679-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Quantifying the sensitivity of aerosol optical properties to the parameterizations of physico-chemical processes during the 2010 Russian wildfires and heatwave Laura Palacios-Peña1, Philip Stier2, Raquel Lorente-Plazas3, and Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero1,4 1Physics of the Earth, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain 2Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 3Dept. of Meteorology, Meteored, Almendricos, Spain 4Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain Correspondence: Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero ([email protected]) Received: 16 January 2020 – Discussion started: 11 March 2020 Revised: 30 June 2020 – Accepted: 13 July 2020 – Published: 18 August 2020 Abstract. The impact of aerosol–radiation and aerosol– when reducing the dry deposition velocity; in particular, cloud interactions on the radiative forcing is subject to large for the accumulation mode where the concentration of sev- uncertainties. This is caused by the limited understanding eral species increases (while a decrease might be expected). of aerosol optical properties and the role of aerosols as These nonlinear responses are highly dependent on the equi- cloud condensation/ice nuclei (CCN/IN). On the other hand, librium of the thermodynamics system sulfate–nitrate–SOA aerosol optical properties and vertical distribution are highly (secondary organic aerosol). In this sense, small changes in related, and their uncertainties come from different pro- the concentration of one species can strongly affect others, cesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Exceptional Emissions of NH3 and HCOOH in the 2010 Russian Wildfires
    EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Open Access Open Access Natural Hazards Natural Hazards and Earth System and Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4171–4181, 2013 Atmospheric Atmospheric www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/4171/2013/ doi:10.5194/acp-13-4171-2013 Chemistry Chemistry © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. and Physics and Physics Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Measurement Measurement Techniques Techniques Discussions Open Access Exceptional emissions of NH3 and HCOOH in the 2010 Russian Open Access wildfires Biogeosciences Biogeosciences Discussions Y. R’Honi1, L. Clarisse1, C. Clerbaux1,2, D. Hurtmans1, V. Duflot1, S. Turquety3, Y. Ngadi1, and P.-F. Coheur1 1Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphere,` Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Open Access Belgium Open Access 2UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Universite´ Versailles St.-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France Climate 3UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS/INSU, LMD-IPSL, Paris, France Climate of the Past of the Past Correspondence to: Y. R’Honi ([email protected]) Discussions Open Access Received: 25 October 2012 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 7 December 2012 Open Access Revised: 18 March 2013 – Accepted: 22 March 2013 – Published: 18 April 2013 Earth System Earth System Dynamics Dynamics Abstract. In July 2010, several hundred forest and peat fires 2011), but uncertainties remain due to the lack of measure- Discussions broke out across central Russia during its hottest summer ments over larger areas or periods; this is particularly true for on record.
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Wildfires Near Moscow, Russia in 2010: Modeling of Carbon Monoxide Pollution and Comparisons with Observations
    Remote Sens.2015, 7, 395-429; doi:10.3390/rs70100395 OPEN ACCESS remote sensing ISSN 2072-4292 www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing Article Severe Wildfires Near Moscow, Russia in 2010: Modeling of Carbon Monoxide Pollution and Comparisons with Observations Alexander N. Safronov *, Ekaterina V. Fokeeva, Vadim S. Rakitin, Eugene I. Grechko and Roman A. Shumsky Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 3, Moscow 119017, Russia; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.V.F.); [email protected] (V.S.R.); [email protected] (E.I.G.); [email protected] (R.A.S.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-495-953-3762; Fax: +7-495-953-1652. Academic Editors: Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and Prasad S. Thenkabail Received: 6 June 2014 / Accepted: 15 December 2014 / Published: 31 December 2014 Abstract: The spatial and temporal distributions of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration were calculated with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System and Hybrid Particle and Concentration Transport model (RAMS/HYPACT) in the provinces near Moscow during the abnormally hot summer of 2010. The forest, steppe and meadow hot spots were defined by the satellite data MCD14ML (MODIS Terra and Aqua satellite data). The calculations indicated that the surface CO concentrations from the model were two times less than the experimental data obtained from the Moscow State University ataset. The M and Zvenigorod Scientific Station (ZSS). Conversely, the total column CO concentrations obtained from the model were two to three times larger than the experimental values obtained from the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (OIAP) and ZSS stations.
    [Show full text]
  • Atmospheric Impacts of the 2010 Russian Wildfires
    Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 12141–12205, 2011 Atmospheric www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/12141/2011/ Chemistry ACPD doi:10.5194/acpd-11-12141-2011 and Physics 11, 12141–12205, 2011 © Author(s) 2011. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Discussions Atmospheric impacts This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry of the 2010 Russian and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. wildfires Atmospheric impacts of the 2010 Russian I. B. Konovalov et al. wildfires: integrating modelling and measurements of the extreme air Title Page Abstract Introduction pollution episode in the Moscow megacity Conclusions References region Tables Figures 1,2 2 3 3 I. B. Konovalov , M. Beekmann , I. N. Kuznetsova , A. Yurova , and J I A. M. Zvyagintsev4 J I 1Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia 2Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Systemes` Atmospheriques,´ CNRS UMR 7583, Back Close Universite´ Paris-Est and Universite´ Paris 7, Creteil,´ France Full Screen / Esc 3Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia, Moscow, Russia 4Central Aerological Laboratory, Dolgoprudny, Russia Printer-friendly Version Received: 15 March 2011 – Accepted: 13 April 2011 – Published: 19 April 2011 Interactive Discussion Correspondence to: I. B. Konovalov ([email protected]) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 12141 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract ACPD Numerous wildfires provoked by an unprecedented intensive heat wave caused contin- uous episodes of extreme air pollution in several Russian cities and densely pullulated 11, 12141–12205, 2011 regions, including the Moscow megacity region.
    [Show full text]
  • Q U a Rterly
    American Security Quarterly Vision, Strategy, Dialogue July 2013 V.2 Issue 3 QUARTERLY BGen Stephen A. Cheney USMC (Ret.): America’s National Labs Critical to Energy Security Holland: Why Oil Prices Will Remain High Despite the U.S. Oil Boom BGen. John Adams USA (Ret.): Cyber Theft and Vulnerabilities to the U.S. Defense Industrial Base Cole: American Competitiveness must be a priority in Washington Fojtik: Bringing Russia in from the Cold Meltzer: Climate Change and Instability in the Sahel Winikoff: Will the R&D Tax Credit Spur Innovation? Joyce: Oil Dependency: a Subtle but Serious Threat Lodge: More Action Needed to Reduce Nuclear Dangers Wallin: Engagement: What does it Mean for Public Diplomacy? Mull: Disinformation in Public Diplomacy Geraghty: India and Australia: An Emerging Partnership in the Indian Ocean? Engebretson: Crafting a New Policy for the Crisis in Egypt (No, Not the Political One) Freear: Looking at the lessons since Black Hawk Down www.AmericanSecurityProject.org 1100 New York Avenue, NW Suite 710W Washington, DC AMERICAN SECURITY PROJECT Over the past quarter, ASP has continued to examine a host of issues and their implications for our national security. From American Competitiveness to Nuclear Strategy to Public Diplomacy, we have published a wide array of articles on what we feel are the most pressing matters in the security dialogue of our nation. While it is not an issue of “guns and bombs” we here at ASP feel that state of our energy security-our ability to act in our foreign policy independently of how we use energy domestically-is paramount to the security of our nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Increased Aerosols Content in the Atmosphere Over Ukraine During Summer 2010 Evgenia Galytska1, Vassyl Danylevsky2, René Hommel1,*, and John P
    Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-336 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discussion started: 12 October 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. Increased aerosols content in the atmosphere over Ukraine during summer 2010 Evgenia Galytska1, Vassyl Danylevsky2, René Hommel1,*, and John P. Burrows1 1Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany 2Taras Schevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine *now at Hommel & Graf Environmental, Hamburg, Gottingen, Germany Correspondence to: Evgenia Galytska ([email protected]) Abstract. In this paper we assess the influence of one of the most important sources of aerosols in the atmosphere, biomass burning, during summer 2010 on the abundance, dynamics, and properties of aerosols over Ukraine, also considering influences and effects over neighboring countries: ETR, Estonia, Belarus, Poland, Moldova, and Romania. MODIS satellite instrument data were used to study fires distribution. Ground-based remote measurements from the inter- 5 national sun photometers network AERONET and MODIS and CALIOP satellite instruments data were used to determine aerosols content and optical properties in the atmosphere over East Europe. HYSPLIT model was used to further investigate atmospheric dynamics and to simulate pathways of particles transport. We found that the highest air pollution was observed over Moscow in the first half of August 2010, apparently due to the proximity of the most active combustion centers. Significant temporal dynamics of the aerosols content with pronounced 10 pollution peaks during August 7–17 was observed at Ukrainian (Kyiv, Sevastopol), Belarusian (Minsk), Estonian (Toravere) and Romanian (Bucharest) AERONET sites. Aerosols spatio-temporal distribution over Ukraine were constructed and analyzed using MODIS AOD 550 nm data val- idated by Kyiv AERONET site sunphotometer measurements, and CALIOP AOD 532 nm validated by MODIS AOD data.
    [Show full text]
  • Inverse Modeling of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from the 2010 Russian Wildfires by Using Satellite Measurements of Nitrogen Dioxide
    Article Inverse Modeling of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from the 2010 Russian Wildfires by Using Satellite Measurements of Nitrogen Dioxide Evgeny V. Berezin 1, Igor B. Konovalov 1,* and Yulia Y. Romanova 2,* 1 Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., Nizhniy Novgorod 603950, Russia; [email protected] 2 Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Afonino, 7 Academicheskaya Street, Nizhniy Novgorod 603087, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (I.B.K.); [email protected] (Y.Y.R.); Tel.: +7-831-416-4902 (I.B.K.) Academic Editor: Anthony R. Lupo Received: 6 September 2016; Accepted: 12 October 2016; Published: 16 October 2016 Abstract: Observational constraints to biomass burning (BB) NOx emissions as provided by satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) critically depend on quantitative assumptions regarding the atmospheric NOx lifetime. In this study, we investigated NOx emissions from the extreme wildfires that occurred in the European part of Russia in summer 2010 by using an original inverse modeling method that allowed us to avoid any a priori assumptions regarding the NOx lifetime. The method was applied to the tropospheric NO2 columns retrieved from the measurements performed by the OMI satellite instrument, while the relationship between BB NOx emissions and tropospheric NO2 columns was simulated with the CHIMERE mesoscale chemistry transport model. Our analysis indicated that this relationship depends strongly on BB emissions of volatile organic compounds and that a dependence of the effective NOx lifetime on the NOx fluxes can be essentially nonlinear. Our estimates of the total NOx emissions in the study region are found to be at least 40% larger compared to the respective data from the GFASv1.0 and GFED4.1s global fire emission inventories.
    [Show full text]