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The Influence of Yogyakarta's Philosophical Axis on City Spatial

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The Influence of Yogyakarta's Philosophical Axis on City Spatial Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 478 Proceedings of the 2nd Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2020) The Influence of Yogyakarta’s Philosophical Axis on City Spatial Aurelia Wipranata1*, Liong Ju Tjung1 1Tarumanagara University;Urban and Regional Planning, Real Estate Focused *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The city of Yogyakarta is a cultural city on the island of Java that still has the character of the Islamic Mataram kingdom with this kingdom a city was formed with cultural influence and then the city of Yogyakarta. One form of culture that is owned by the city of Yogyakarta is the history of the Philosophical Axis, namely 3 (three) important monuments that are on the main street of the city of Yogyakarta. This axis illustrates the journey of one's life which will ultimately pass away to the Creator. In addition, the respect of the people of Yogyakarta City towards the Sultan is manifested by the obedience of its citizens not to build buildings higher than Sitihinggil, this indicates that the Sultan is the leader or king of the people of Yogyakarta City. Then this regulation is translated into a regulation that currently divides the Philosophical Axis area into 2 (two) parts, namely the Keraton Strategic Area and the Philosophical Axis Strategic Area. The results of this study in the form of a correlation between the culture that has long existed in the city of Yogyakarta with the current spatial structure, the goal is to look for the privileges of the main elements along the path of the Philosophical Axis of the City of Yogyakarta, find out more about the magnitude of the influence of the Sultan's power and culture which is reflected both from the behavior the people especially in their spatial layout. As well as elements that are still needed by the people of Yogyakarta City in terms of spatial and needs in large ceremonies such as Grebeg Maulud which has a series of ceremonial procedures that require public space and involve the community to participate in these traditional ceremonies, also become an object of tourism for tourists in witnessing a series of this traditional ceremony. So, it can be concluded with the existence of this Philosophical Axis, the economy and tourism of the City of Yogyakarta become more alive because tourists who come are given knowledge about the history of the Philosophical Axis. The specialty of the main element in the city of Yogyakarta is the space for the community during the Grebeg Maulud traditional ceremony, the flexibility of the function of the main road used as the route of this traditional ceremony. Keywords: Philosophical Axis, The History of Yogyakarta, Cosmos referred to as a special area of Jogjakarta. It still holds its 1. INTRODUCTION customary habits, namely the culture of the palace, which until now still has a major role in the Jogjakarta DIY City as a place to live creatures in it, where every individual administration. This customary custom then becomes a contained in it can interact and move with each other. City cosmological map for Javanese people in guiding life. as a place where various kinds of races, ethnicities and cultures meet each other doing acculturation and interact with each other. A city is certainly inseparable from the 1.1. Related Work elements of the people in it. These elements include a culture of norms adhered to by the people strongly attached According to the history of the city the research has been divided into two categories of analysis. and sometimes become an identity of the city or part of the community. A culture that is formed in a civilization, will eventually shape the patterns of life of the surrounding community and in the end the culture will 'manifest' in the unity of space or the cosmos of the city [1]. In Indonesia, with the separate island nations each area or city having its cultural peculiarities, many of Indonesia's regions still hold tightly to the local culture or still hold onto the customs of that culture. One of them is Jogjakarta, an area that is Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 277 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 478 1.1.1. Macro Review The Dutch who had colonized Indonesia for 350 years had a great impact on the Indonesian people as well as on the 1.1.1.1. Yogyakarta’s Profile exchange value (money), planting clothes, other western cultures such as "Table Manner" which is also a culture of courtesy for Indonesia today. They also introduced the Education system and the architecture of colonial buildings which indirectly became silent witnesses of the Dutch colonial process of its time. Like the Post Office building at the Zero Point of the city of Yogyakarta Mixing of Islamic and Colonial Culture Mixing of these two cultures can be seen from the manifestation of the mosque using stained glass, where stained glass is usually used by the Dutch as aesthetics rather than a room but with the presence of stained glass in the mosque building then this glass not only shows an aesthetic but also raises religious impression on the building this mosque [4] Image 1 Maps of Yogyakarta Source: QGIS Data by Central Bureau of Statistics of 1.1.1.3. Special Regional Regulation Yogyakarta According to PERDAIS NUMBER 1 of 2017 Regarding the Spatial Planning of the Sultanate and Duchy, it is mentioned Population According to Age Group in article 6 (six) paragraphs 1 (one) and 2 (two) namely: and Gender in the City of Yogyakarta (1) The policy of realizing City Spatial Planning according to Catur Gatra Tunggal (2) The philosophy of Catur Gatra Tunggal at point 1 (one) 60 – 64 includes: 40 – 44 a. four elements forming the identity of the city, consisting 20 – 24 of: 0 – 4 1. Keraton as the center of city government 40,000 20,000 0 20,000 40,000 2. The square as the center of social cultural activities 3. Gede Mosque as a center for spiritual activities; and Laki – laki Perempuan 4. The market as a center of economic activity b. there is a core part of the city, Kutha Gara Article 9 Yogyakarta Palace is in the Keraton District with an area of o The direction of the spatial structure in the Sultanate's 1.40 Km2. Yogyakarta City Region stretches between 110 Strategic Space unit and the Duchy's Strategic Space Unit 24I 19II to 110o 28I 53II East Longitude and 7o 15I 24II to o are prepared regarding: 7 49I 26II South Latitude with an average height of 114 m a. Utilization of Space along the network of facilities and above sea level and dominated with average age in infrastructure while maintaining community cultural values productive age which around 20 – 24 years old. [2, 3] and environmental sustainability; and b. Quality and reach of integrated facilities and infrastructure network services in the Strategic Land Unit of 1.1.1.2. Yogyakarta’s Architectural Building Side the Sultanate Land and the Duchy Strategic Land Unit Indonesia as a country that used to be colonized by many Article 10 western cultures such as Netherland, England and Referral Spatial Patterns on the Strategic Space Unit of the Portuguese also have uniqueness in their buildings Sultanate Land and the Duchy Strategic Space Unit are especially Yogyakarta. The building type are being divided established for: into four type of Architectural design based on culture a. maintains cultural heritage architecture; influence. b. aligning the architecture of buildings with architectural Vernacular Architecture heritage; It is an architecture that has been formed for a long time c. enhances cultural potential; from cultures that have existed in Indonesia forming d. protects social and religious interests; traditional Indonesian houses, which until now are known e. encourages improvement of community welfare; as traditional Indonesian traditional houses. f. controlling the use of space; Entry of Hindu-Buddhist Culture g. enhances environmental protection; At this time there was an acculturation of Hindu-Buddhist h. controlling the sustainable use of natural resources; culture which produced buildings that had reliefs as well as i. increase conservation of water resources; and / or cultural sites that were used as a means of tourism recreation j. protects the public from disaster risk in Taman Sari Tourism Complex Article 11 Colonial Period (Dutch Colonial) (1) The Strategic Space Unit of the Sultanate consists of: 278 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 478 a. Strategic Space Unit of the Sultanate in the Land of 6. GAR ≥ 10% (more than or equal to ten percent). Keprabon; and (5) Special architectural provisions in the Palace Strategic b. Strategic Space Unit of the Sultanate on Land Not Space Unit include: Keprabon. 1. the architecture of buildings in the core zone is made in (2) The Strategic Space Unit of the Sultanate as referred to harmony with the architecture of existing cultural reserves; in paragraph (1) is proposed by the Sultanate to the Regional and Government. new building architecture using the traditional architectural (3) Strategic Space Unit of the Sultanate in Keprabon Land style of Yogyakarta [2] as referred to in paragraph (1) letter a, includes: a. Palace; b. Tomb of the Mataram Kings in Imogiri; 1.1.2. Micro Review c. The Axis of Philosophy from the White Monument Monument to the Krapyak Stage; A city can’t be separated with their culture, so is Yogyakarta d.
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