DOCSLIB.ORG

176 New Discoveries Regarding the Benthic Marine Algal Flora of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
176 New Discoveries Regarding the Benthic Marine Algal Flora of The PSA ABSTRACTS 1 1 of K. micrum, but fail to complete the infection cycle. TAXON SAMPLING AND INFERENCES ABOUT Thus, in mixed-species dinoflagellate blooms, inter- ference from inappropriate hosts may influence the DIATOM PHYLOGENY success of spp. To explore that possibility, 1 2 Amoebophrya Alverson, A. J. & Theriot, E. C. we conducted laboratory studies to examine the effect 1 Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at of the toxic dinoflagellate K. micrum on success of Austin, TX 78713 USA; 2Texas Memorial Museum, Amoebophrya from A. sanguinea. Treatments consisted University of Texas at Austin, TX 78705 USA of A. sanguinea (1000/mL) plus corresponding dinos- pores (10,000/mL) in the presence of different K. Proper taxon sampling is one of the greatest micrum densities (0 to 100,000/mL). We also examined challenges to understanding phylogenetic relation- whether changes in parasite success were due to ships, perhaps as important as choice of optimality interaction with K. micrum cells, or from indirect criterion or data type. This has been demonstrated in effects of bacteria or dissolved substances present in diatoms where centric diatoms may either be strongly K. micrum cultures. Success of Amoebophrya was supported as monophyletic or paraphyletic when unaffected by low densities of K. micrum, but analyzing SSU rDNA sequences using the same decreased at high concentrations of K. micrum. optimality criterion. The effect of ingroup and out- Reduced parasite success appeared to result from group taxon sampling on relationships of diatoms is combined effects of non-host cells and dissolved explored for diatoms as a whole and for the order substances in K. micrum media. Results suggest that Thalassiosirales. In the latter case, SSU rDNA and parasitism of A. sanguinea in Chesapeake Bay would rbcL sequence data result in phylogenetic relation- be reduced when K. micrum is a major component of ships that appear to be strongly incongruent with mixed-species blooms. morphology and broadly incongruent with the fossil record. For example, Cyclotella stelligera Cleve & 3 Grunow behaves like a rogue taxon, jumping from place to place throughout the tree. Morphological PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITY OF THE PALMEL- data place C. stelligera near the base of the freshwater LOID GREEN ALGAE, VERDIGELLAS AND group as sister to the extinct genus Mesodictyon PALMOPHYLLUM (CHLOROPHYTA), BASED Theriot and Bradbury, suggesting that it is an old, ON ANALYSES OF NUCLEAR-ENCODED SMALL long branch that might be expected to ‘‘misbehave’’ in poorly sampled trees. Cyclotella stelligera and C. SUBUNIT rDNA SEQUENCES 1 2 bodanica Grunow delimit the diameter of morpholo- Ashworth, M. P. , Spalding, H. L. , Hanisak, M. gical diversity in Cyclotella, so increased sampling of D.3, Fawley, M. W.4, Buchheim, M. A.5, & Zech- intermediate taxa will be critical to resolving this part man, F. W.1 of the tree. Morphology is sampled for a much 1Department of Biology, California State University, greater number of taxa and many transitional states Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA; 2Botany Department, of putative synapomorphies seem to suggest a robust University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 morphological hypothesis. The Thalassiosirales are USA; 3Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Fort unstable with regards to taxon sampling in the Pierce, FL 34946 USA; 4Department of Biological genetic data, suggesting that perhaps the morpholo- gical hypothesis is (for now) preferable. Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105 USA; 5Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA 2 INFLUENCE OF MIXED HOST POPULATIONS Palmophyllum, Verdigellas and Palmoclathrus are ON SUCCESS OF THE PARASITIC DINOFLA- marine palmelloid green algae with morphologies GELLATE AMOEBOPHRYA ranging from closely adherent crusts, peltate discs, to 1 2 &Coats,D.W.3 upright branched thalli. Thalli of these taxa are Armstrong, T.-N. , Felton, C. comprised of small spherical cells embedded within a 1University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 2 dense mucilaginous matrix. Taxonomic affinities of USA; Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251 these palmelloid genera, however, has remained 3 USA; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, uncertain. Previous studies of Palmophyllum and Edgewater, MD 21037 USA Verdigellas classified these algae within the Palmella- ceae, but the complete absence of data regarding Parasitic dinoflagellates of the genus Amoebophrya reproduction have blurred ordinal designations. commonly infect bloom-forming dinoflagellates of Generally, these algae have been classified as mem- Chesapeake Bay, including Akashiwo sanguinea and bers of the Tetrasporales within the class Chlorophy- Karlodinium micrum. While different strains of Amoebo- ceae, but the Chlorococcales has also been proposed. phrya appear host specific, infective dinospores Global analyses of eukaryotic nuclear-encoded small liberated from A. sanguinea do enter the cytoplasm subunit rDNA sequences based on parsimony (MP), 2 PSA ABSTRACTS neighbor joining (NJ) and likelihood (ML) methods stratigraphy and family, tribal and generic relation- confirm the placement of Palmophyllum and Verdi- ships among these living algal fossils. Supported in gellas as a monophyletic group within the Chloro- part by NSF grant DEB-0128977 to FWZ. phyta, but class and ordinal affinities were not clearly resolved. ML suggested that Verdigellas and Palmo- 5 phyllum are members of a clade with coccoid prasinophyte algae at the base of the Chlorophyta, THE ORIGIN OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE while NJ and ML suggested that the palmelloid PLASTID genera formed a basal lineage of the Viridiplantae. A Bachvaroff, T. R.1, Concepcion, G. T.1, Rogers, C. consistent feature of all analyses, however, is that R.1, Herman, E. M.2, & Delwiche, C. F.1 Verdigellas and Palmophyllum did not group with 1Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, the chlorophycean orders, Tetrasporales or Chlor- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; ococcales. Results will be discussed in the context of 2Soybean Genomic Improvement Laboratory, USDA/ taxonomy, character evolution, and implications for ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA green plant evolution. (Supported in part by NSF grants DEB-0128952 to MWF, DEB-0129030 to MAB, and DEB-0128977 to FWZ) Dinoflagellates are griffins, that is the merger of two eukaryotes: a heterotrophic host, the dinoflagellate, 4 and a photosynthetic eukaryote. Our work has been PHYLOGENY OF THE DASYCLADALES (UL- focussed on the endosymbiont’s identity and the massive gene transfer implied by secondary endo- VOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA) BASED ON symbiosis. Dinoflagellates have many different types ANALYSES OF NUCLEAR-ENCODED LARGE of chloroplasts, but the majority of photosynthetic SUBUNIT RDNA dinoflagellates are pigmented with the carotenoid Ashworth, M. P. & Zechman, F. W. peridinin and chlorophyll c. The chloroplast genome Department of Biology, California State University, of these organisms is cryptic. Genes that have been Fresno, Fresno CA 93740 attributed to the chloroplast are encoded on mini- circles that contain one or two genes. Phylogenetic The Dasycladales is an ancient order of tropical analysis using these genes suggests that the peridinin benthic marine green algae, unique in their radially chloroplast was derived from haptophytes. Since arranged unicellular thalli and well-preserved fossil these minicircle genes have an extreme rate of change record due to extensive calcification of the thallus. phylogenetic methods may produce misleading re- The inference of an accurate phylogeny for the sults. Statistical tests were used to test the quality of Dasycladales is important in order to better under- phylogenetic methods given these data, particularly stand stratigraphy, character evolution, and classifi- the maximum likelihood model. To find plastid asso- cation. Previous analyses (rbcL and 18S rDNA) ciated genes with more reasonable evolutionary rates suggested that the Family Acetabulariaceae is mono- an expressed sequence tag survey was begun. Among phyletic, but that the Family Dasycladaceae is a basal these sequences many typically plastid encoded genes paraphyletic assemblage. However, the two data sets were found including six genes that are exclusively disagreed regarding genus- and species-level rela- plastid encoded in other eukaryotes. These data tionships within the Dasycladales. For example, the suggest massive chloroplast to nucleus gene transfer placement of the genera, Halicoryne, Bornetella and in dinoflagellates, and fits well with the small Cymopolia were incongruent. Given the conflicting complement of minicircle genes. Phylogenetic ana- results of these previous analyses, the current project lyses using these typically plastid encoded genes was examined a third highly conserved nuclear-encoded also performed. It is now possible to directly test gene, 26S rDNA. Aligned 26S rDNA sequences were hypotheses of plastid origin within dinoflagellates and analyzed with parsimony and model-based methods the chlorophyll c containing algae. and compared to previous results based on18S and rbcL sequences. Family-level relationships based on 6 26S rDNA were congruent with previous studies: the DOES TEMPERATURE RESTRICT THE LATI- Acetabulariaceae is monophyletic while the Dasycla- daceae is paraphyletic. In addition, acetabulariacean TUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF SYMBIOTIC genera are not monophyletic, suggesting that the ZOOXANTHELLAE WITHIN THE SEA ANE- presence of a corona inferior or calcification
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Matters for Inorganic Carbon Acquisition in 38 Species Of
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations August 2013 Habitat Matters for Inorganic Carbon Acquisition in 38 Species of Red Macroalgae (Rhodophyta) from Puget Sound, Washington, USA Maurizio Murru University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Murru, Maurizio, "Habitat Matters for Inorganic Carbon Acquisition in 38 Species of Red Macroalgae (Rhodophyta) from Puget Sound, Washington, USA" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 259. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/259 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HABITAT MATTERS FOR INORGANIC CARBON ACQUISITION IN 38 SPECIES OF RED MACROALGAE (RHODOPHYTA) FROM PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON, USA1 by Maurizio Murru A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee August 2013 ABSTRACT HABITAT MATTERS FOR INORGANIC CARBON ACQUISITION IN 38 SPECIES OF RED MACROALGAE (RHODOPHYTA) FROM PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON, USA1 by Maurizio Murru The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2013 Under the Supervision of Professor Craig D. Sandgren, and John A. Berges (Acting) The ability of macroalgae to photosynthetically raise the pH and deplete the inorganic carbon pool from the surrounding medium has been in the past correlated with habitat and growth conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Pryscilla Denise Almeida Da Silva
    PRYSCILLA DENISE ALMEIDA DA SILVA TAXONOMIA E ECOLOGIA DE DIATOMÁCEAS ARRAFÍDEAS (FRAGILARIALES, BACILLARIOPHYTA) NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. São Paulo 2017 PRYSCILLA DENISE ALMEIDA DA SILVA TAXONOMIA E ECOLOGIA DE DIATOMÁCEAS ARRAFÍDEAS (FRAGILARIALES, BACILLARIOPHYTA) NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. São Paulo 2017 PRYSCILLA DENISE ALMEIDA DA SILVA TAXONOMIA E ECOLOGIA DE DIATOMÁCEAS ARRAFÍDEAS (FRAGILARIALES, BACILLARIOPHYTA) NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. DENISE DE CAMPOS BICUDO Co-orientador: Drº. EDUARDO ANTONIO MORALES Dedico essa tese aos meus pais Odete e Chico que com amor me abriram todas as portas da vida ao meu companheiro Aluísio Jr. meu amor é teu, mas dou-te mais uma vez to my mentor Eduardo A. Morales who
    [Show full text]
  • BIOLOGICAL FIELD STATION Cooperstown, New York
    BIOLOGICAL FIELD STATION Cooperstown, New York 49th ANNUAL REPORT 2016 STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE AT ONEONTA OCCASIONAL PAPERS PUBLISHED BY THE BIOLOGICAL FIELD STATION No. 1. The diet and feeding habits of the terrestrial stage of the common newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Raf.). M.C. MacNamara, April 1976 No. 2. The relationship of age, growth and food habits to the relative success of the whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and the cisco (C. artedi) in Otsego Lake, New York. A.J. Newell, April 1976. No. 3. A basic limnology of Otsego Lake (Summary of research 1968-75). W. N. Harman and L. P. Sohacki, June 1976. No. 4. An ecology of the Unionidae of Otsego Lake with special references to the immature stages. G. P. Weir, November 1977. No. 5. A history and description of the Biological Field Station (1966-1977). W. N. Harman, November 1977. No. 6. The distribution and ecology of the aquatic molluscan fauna of the Black River drainage basin in northern New York. D. E Buckley, April 1977. No. 7. The fishes of Otsego Lake. R. C. MacWatters, May 1980. No. 8. The ecology of the aquatic macrophytes of Rat Cove, Otsego Lake, N.Y. F. A Vertucci, W. N. Harman and J. H. Peverly, December 1981. No. 9. Pictorial keys to the aquatic mollusks of the upper Susquehanna. W. N. Harman, April 1982. No. 10. The dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata: Anisoptera and Zygoptera) of Otsego County, New York with illustrated keys to the genera and species. L.S. House III, September 1982. No. 11. Some aspects of predator recognition and anti-predator behavior in the Black-capped chickadee (Parus atricapillus).
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1 Table A1
    OIK-00806 Kordas, R. L., Dudgeon, S., Storey, S., and Harley, C. D. G. 2014. Intertidal community responses to field-based experimental warming. – Oikos doi: 10.1111/oik.00806 Appendix 1 Table A1. Thermal information for invertebrate species observed on Salt Spring Island, BC. Species name refers to the species identified in Salt Spring plots. If thermal information was unavailable for that species, information for a congeneric from same region is provided (species in parentheses). Response types were defined as; optimum - the temperature where a functional trait is maximized; critical - the mean temperature at which individuals lose some essential function (e.g. growth); lethal - temperature where a predefined percentage of individuals die after a fixed duration of exposure (e.g., LT50). Population refers to the location where individuals were collected for temperature experiments in the referenced study. Distribution and zonation information retrieved from (Invertebrates of the Salish Sea, EOL) or reference listed in entry below. Other abbreviations are: n/g - not given in paper, n/d - no data for this species (or congeneric from the same geographic region). Invertebrate species Response Type Temp. Medium Exposure Population Zone NE Pacific Distribution Reference (°C) time Amphipods n/d for NE low- many spp. worldwide (Gammaridea) Pacific spp high Balanus glandula max HSP critical 33 air 8.5 hrs Charleston, OR high N. Baja – Aleutian Is, Berger and Emlet 2007 production AK survival lethal 44 air 3 hrs Vancouver, BC Liao & Harley unpub Chthamalus dalli cirri beating optimum 28 water 1hr/ 5°C Puget Sound, WA high S. CA – S. Alaska Southward and Southward 1967 cirri beating lethal 35 water 1hr/ 5°C survival lethal 46 air 3 hrs Vancouver, BC Liao & Harley unpub Emplectonema gracile n/d low- Chile – Aleutian Islands, mid AK Littorina plena n/d high Baja – S.
    [Show full text]
  • Protocols for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms for Sustainable Aquaculture and Coastal Fisheries in Chile (Supplement Data)
    Protocols for monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms for sustainable aquaculture and coastal fisheries in Chile (Supplement data) Provided by Kyoko Yarimizu, et al. Table S1. Phytoplankton Naming Dictionary: This dictionary was constructed from the species observed in Chilean coast water in the past combined with the IOC list. Each name was verified with the list provided by IFOP and online dictionaries, AlgaeBase (https://www.algaebase.org/) and WoRMS (http://www.marinespecies.org/). The list is subjected to be updated. Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Ochrophyta Bacillariophyceae Achnanthales Achnanthaceae Achnanthes Achnanthes longipes Bacillariophyta Coscinodiscophyceae Coscinodiscales Heliopeltaceae Actinoptychus Actinoptychus spp. Dinoflagellata Dinophyceae Gymnodiniales Gymnodiniaceae Akashiwo Akashiwo sanguinea Dinoflagellata Dinophyceae Gymnodiniales Gymnodiniaceae Amphidinium Amphidinium spp. Ochrophyta Bacillariophyceae Naviculales Amphipleuraceae Amphiprora Amphiprora spp. Bacillariophyta Bacillariophyceae Thalassiophysales Catenulaceae Amphora Amphora spp. Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Nostocales Aphanizomenonaceae Anabaenopsis Anabaenopsis milleri Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Coleofasciculaceae Anagnostidinema Anagnostidinema amphibium Anagnostidinema Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Coleofasciculaceae Anagnostidinema lemmermannii Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Microcoleaceae Annamia Annamia toxica Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Nostocales Aphanizomenonaceae Aphanizomenon Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic and Molecular Phylogenetic Studies in The
    Taxonomic and molecular phylogenetic studies in the Scytosiphonaceae (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) [an abstract of Title dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) Santiañez, Wilfred John Eria Citation 北海道大学. 博士(理学) 甲第13137号 Issue Date 2018-03-22 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/70024 Rights(URL) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Type theses (doctoral - abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Wilfred_John_Eria_Santiañez_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨) Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation Degree requested Doctor of Science Applicant’s name Wilfred John Eria Santiañez Title of Doctoral Dissertation Taxonomic and molecular phylogenetic studies in the Scytosiphonaceae (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) 【カヤモノリ科（褐藻綱シオミドロ目）の分類学的および分子系統学的研究】 The systematics of the brown algal family Scytosiphonaceae poses an interesting question due to the inconsistencies between the taxonomies and molecular phylogenies of its members. The complexity of the Scytosiphonaceae is also highlighted in the discovery of several new species possessing morphological characters that were intermediate to at least two genera, consequently blurring generic boundaries. As such, it has been widely accepted that traditional characters used to define genera in the family (e.g., thallus morphology, thallus construction, and shape and nature of plurangial sori) were unreliable. In this study, I attempted to resolve some of the glaring problems in the taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of several genera in the Scytosiphonaceae by integrating information on their morphologies, molecular phylogenies, and life histories. I focused my studies on the relatively under-examined representatives from tropical to subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacific as most studies have been conducted on the subtropical to temperate members of the family.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Macroalgal Biodiversity of Northern Madagascar: Morpho‑Genetic Systematics and Implications of Anthropic Impacts for Conservation
    Biodiversity and Conservation https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02156-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Marine macroalgal biodiversity of northern Madagascar: morpho‑genetic systematics and implications of anthropic impacts for conservation Christophe Vieira1,2 · Antoine De Ramon N’Yeurt3 · Faravavy A. Rasoamanendrika4 · Sofe D’Hondt2 · Lan‑Anh Thi Tran2,5 · Didier Van den Spiegel6 · Hiroshi Kawai1 · Olivier De Clerck2 Received: 24 September 2020 / Revised: 29 January 2021 / Accepted: 9 March 2021 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021 Abstract A foristic survey of the marine algal biodiversity of Antsiranana Bay, northern Madagas- car, was conducted during November 2018. This represents the frst inventory encompass- ing the three major macroalgal classes (Phaeophyceae, Florideophyceae and Ulvophyceae) for the little-known Malagasy marine fora. Combining morphological and DNA-based approaches, we report from our collection a total of 110 species from northern Madagas- car, including 30 species of Phaeophyceae, 50 Florideophyceae and 30 Ulvophyceae. Bar- coding of the chloroplast-encoded rbcL gene was used for the three algal classes, in addi- tion to tufA for the Ulvophyceae. This study signifcantly increases our knowledge of the Malagasy marine biodiversity while augmenting the rbcL and tufA algal reference libraries for DNA barcoding. These eforts resulted in a total of 72 new species records for Mada- gascar. Combining our own data with the literature, we also provide an updated catalogue of 442 taxa of marine benthic
    [Show full text]
  • Ectocarpus: an Evo‑Devo Model for the Brown Algae Susana M
    Coelho et al. EvoDevo (2020) 11:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-020-00164-9 EvoDevo REVIEW Open Access Ectocarpus: an evo-devo model for the brown algae Susana M. Coelho1* , Akira F. Peters2, Dieter Müller3 and J. Mark Cock1 Abstract Ectocarpus is a genus of flamentous, marine brown algae. Brown algae belong to the stramenopiles, a large super- group of organisms that are only distantly related to animals, land plants and fungi. Brown algae are also one of only a small number of eukaryotic lineages that have evolved complex multicellularity. For many years, little information was available concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying multicellular development in the brown algae, but this situation has changed with the emergence of Ectocarpus as a model brown alga. Here we summarise some of the main questions that are being addressed and areas of study using Ectocarpus as a model organism and discuss how the genomic information, genetic tools and molecular approaches available for this organism are being employed to explore developmental questions in an evolutionary context. Keywords: Ectocarpus, Life-cycle, Sex determination, Gametophyte, Sporophyte, Brown algae, Marine, Complex multicellularity, Phaeoviruses Natural habitat and life cycle Ectocarpus is a cosmopolitan genus, occurring world- Ectocarpus is a genus of small, flamentous, multicellu- wide in temperate and subtropical regions, and has been lar, marine brown algae within the order Ectocarpales. collected on all continents except Antarctica [1]. It is pre- Brown algae belong to the stramenopiles (or Heter- sent mainly on rocky shores where it grows on abiotic okonta) (Fig. 1a), a large eukaryotic supergroup that (rocks, pebbles, dead shells) and biotic (other algae, sea- is only distantly related to animals, plants and fungi.
    [Show full text]
  • Lateral Gene Transfer of Anion-Conducting Channelrhodopsins Between Green Algae and Giant Viruses
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.042127; this version posted April 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 5 Lateral gene transfer of anion-conducting channelrhodopsins between green algae and giant viruses Andrey Rozenberg 1,5, Johannes Oppermann 2,5, Jonas Wietek 2,3, Rodrigo Gaston Fernandez Lahore 2, Ruth-Anne Sandaa 4, Gunnar Bratbak 4, Peter Hegemann 2,6, and Oded 10 Béjà 1,6 1Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. 2Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, Berlin 10115, Germany. 3Present address: Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann 15 Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. 5These authors contributed equally: Andrey Rozenberg, Johannes Oppermann. 6These authors jointly supervised this work: Peter Hegemann, Oded Béjà. e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] 20 ABSTRACT Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are algal light-gated ion channels widely used as optogenetic tools for manipulating neuronal activity 1,2. Four ChR families are currently known. Green algal 3–5 and cryptophyte 6 cation-conducting ChRs (CCRs), cryptophyte anion-conducting ChRs (ACRs) 7, and the MerMAID ChRs 8. Here we 25 report the discovery of a new family of phylogenetically distinct ChRs encoded by marine giant viruses and acquired from their unicellular green algal prasinophyte hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • 2004 University of Connecticut Storrs, CT
    Welcome Note and Information from the Co-Conveners We hope you will enjoy the NEAS 2004 meeting at the scenic Avery Point Campus of the University of Connecticut in Groton, CT. The last time that we assembled at The University of Connecticut was during the formative years of NEAS (12th Northeast Algal Symposium in 1973). Both NEAS and The University have come along way. These meetings will offer oral and poster presentations by students and faculty on a wide variety of phycological topics, as well as student poster and paper awards. We extend a warm welcome to all of our student members. The Executive Committee of NEAS has extended dormitory lodging at Project Oceanology gratis to all student members of the Society. We believe this shows NEAS members’ pride in and our commitment to our student members. This year we will be honoring Professor Arthur C. Mathieson as the Honorary Chair of the 43rd Northeast Algal Symposium. Art arrived with his wife, Myla, at the University of New Hampshire in 1965 from California. Art is a Professor of Botany and a Faculty in Residence at the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory of the University of New Hampshire. He received his Bachelor of Science and Master’s Degrees at the University of California, Los Angeles. In 1965 he received his doctoral degree from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Over a 43-year career Art has supervised many undergraduate and graduate students studying the ecology, systematics and mariculture of benthic marine algae. He has been an aquanaut-scientist for the Tektite II and also for the FLARE submersible programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Chlorophyta, Chlorococcales, Oocystaceae) Outside East Asia
    Fottea 10(1): 141–144, 2010 141 First report of Makinoella tosaensis OKADA (Chlorophyta, Chlorococcales, Oocystaceae) outside East Asia František HINDÁK & Alica HINDÁKOVÁ Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK–84523 Bratislava, Slovakia; e–mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: The morphology of Makinoella tosaensis Okada 1949, a chlorococcalean coenobial alga described from Japan and since then observed only in Korea, has been studied under the LM from field material and in laboratory cultures. Its collection from a small fountain in the campus park of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, Slovakia, is the first record outside East Asia. The morphology of coenobia and cells in this material is in agreement with published data of the species. Key words: Chlorococcales, coenobial green algae, morphology, taxonomy, Slovakia Introduction & FOTT 1983). Outside of Japan (cf. http:// protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/chlorophyta/ In the algal flora of Slovakia project, special Makinoella/index.html), it was observed only in attention was paid to small artificial water bodies Korea (he g e w a l d et al. 1999). The strain SAG such as urban fountains. The diversity of algae 28.97, isolated by Hegewald from Korea, is kept was investigated in several fountains within the at the Algal Collection in Göttingen, Germany. city limits of Bratislava (HINDÁK 1977, 1980 a, b, The ultrastructure of this culture was investigated 1984, 1988, 1990, 1996; HINDÁK & HINDÁKOVÁ in detail by sc h n e p f & he g e w a l d (2000). This 1994, 1998; HINDÁKOVÁ & HINDÁK 1998), strain was also used for molecular analyses and including a small basin located at the campus compared with some other representatives of the of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS) at Oocystaceae (he p p e r l e et al.
    [Show full text]