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Final OCHA Nepal Situation Overview-January 2008

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Final OCHA Nepal Situation Overview-January 2008 F OCHA Nepal Situation Overview Issue No. 20, covering the period 01 January -31 January 2008 Kathmandu, 31 January 2008 Highlights: • Date for Constituent Assembly Election (CA) Announced • Terai-based groups threaten to disrupt CA Polls if their demands are not met • Seven Party Alliance hold joint rallies, prepare for CA elections • Security concerns in the Terai persist with new reports of extortion, threats and abductions • Bomb explosions reported in several parts of the country • Government rescinds Petroleum products price hike following protests • Resignations by VDC Secretaries affect the ‘reach of state’ • Humanitarian and Development actors face access challenges • WFP and Humanitarian partners host Workshop series on Humanitarianism and Crisis Management • Surveillance on Nepal borders stepped up to forestall spread of Avian Flu CONTEXT Congress (NC) Party opposed to the creation of a federal republic. Nepal now has 30 Ministers and State Ministers. Politics and Major Developments On 11 January, the Council of Ministers (CoM) announced that On 13 January, the CPN-Maoist concluded its week-long Constituent Assembly (CA) elections will be held on 10 April. Central Committee Meeting. The CPN-Maoist confirmed the The CoM also reportedly agreed to appoint a number of party’s commitment to the CA elections and created several Madheshi 1 Chief District Officers (CDOs) to be deployed to the committees, including one to select candidates for the CA most troubled districts to help stabilize the security situation elections; draft an electoral manifesto; negotiate alliances there prior to the elections. On 14 January the Government and/or joint strategies with other political parties and consider appointed five Madheshi as CDOs or acting CDOs in Bara, the integration of CPN-Maoist into the Nepal Army. During the Kapilvastu, Baitadi, Kaski and Taplejung districts. This reporting period, the CPN-Maoist publicly reiterated that the development increased the total number of districts with party has given strict instructions to the Young Communist Madheshi CDOs from one to six out of a total of Nepal’s 75 League (YCL), one of its affiliate organizations, to refrain from districts. use violence. During the reporting period, the Seven-Party Alliance (SPA) On 16 January, the government made fresh calls to agitating declared that they would remain united in both the groups, especially those operating in the Terai region, to come implementation of the 23-point agreement of 23 December to the negotiating table and help create a conducive 2007 (which provides for among other things the declaration of environment for the CA elections. The Peace and a republic subject to implementation by the first meeting of the Reconstruction Minister appealed to opposition groups to come Constituent Assembly, a mixed electoral system and increase in for talks and presented a long list of achievements that the the number of CA seats to 601) as well as SPA commitment to government side had attained in realizing the demands of conduct CA elections on 10 April. The SPA announced that it marginalized groups. The Mahantha Thakur led Terai Madhesh would carry out seven joint public meetings across the country Loktantrik Party (TMLP) subsequently said that it would not sit to promote party unity ahead of the CA elections. Following an for talks with the government until the government clarifies its IED (improvised explosive device) blast that led to the injury of stand on the 11 point demand it had forwarded earlier. On 20 8 people after the first SPA rally held in Kathmandu on 14 January, three major political groups in the Terai, TMLP, January, security forces increased their presence at the venue Madhesi People’s Rights Forum (MPRF) and Nepal of subsequent rallies. However, low key protests, strikes and Sadbhavana Party (Mahato) announced a working alliance to explosions continued before and during such rallies. During spearhead a series of Madhesi protests to demand for changes the reporting period, SPA concluded the 7 planned joint rallies, to the electoral law, autonomy, as well as implementation of even though attendance was marred by security threats. past agreements that the government made with the Madhesi According to media reports, on 30 January an explosion at the groups. The Prime Minister later indicated his willingness to last of the seven SPA rallies injured 32 people, including the discuss the just demands of the Madhesi if they commit to the Chief District Officer (CDO) of Parsa District. CA elections. On 10 January, the Prime Minister expanded his Council of During the reporting period, the Government rolled back a Ministers by appointing three new ministers and five state steep hike in petroleum products it had proposed due to ministers. Five of the new appointees are from marginalized nationwide protests by political party-aligned student groups, to show commitment to integration. However, the organisations and public transport drivers on 23 January. The appointment of the Prime Minister’s daughter was criticized by reversal of this decision left the Government facing a continued many political actors who perceive the new minister as heavy monthly loss of revenue from its subsidisation of petrol representing the most conservative wing of the Nepali and kerosene prices and has, according to media reports, led to serious shortage of Kerosene and diesel supplies across the country. 1 Following the completion of the verification of the CPN-Maoist Madheshi refers to the population of the lowland Terai regions, inhabited by 48.5% of Nepal’s population. About 67 % of the total Terai combatants and the release of interim results by the UN population are Madheshi (2001 Population Census-CBS). Madheshi verification teams, the Chief of the Army Staff (CoAS) and the claim to have been marginalised by successive regimes in Nepal and Prime Minister indicated that they were against integrating the are currently advocating for reversal of this trend. OCHA Nepal Situation Overview, Issue No. 20/January 1 politically indoctrinated CPN-Maoist combatants into the with possible security threats before the planned SPA rallies, Nepal Army. These comments attracted criticism from the the deployment of 'Special Task Force' (STF) consisting of CPN-Maoist leadership. Nepal Police and Armed Police Force (APF) that had begun in December continued. Initial reports indicate that there were Conflict and Security security improvements in urban centres and other locations On 24 January, the government unveiled a special security plan where the STF had maintained a presence, including Mid which will be implemented in three phases to support the Western Region’s Banke district, where STF has been deployed forthcoming CA elections. According to the plan, the first phase since 3 January. of the plan would be implemented from 29 January to 19 February to precede the last date for registration of Bandhs (Strikes) and blockades called by various groups candidature for CA election while the second phase would be continued. Arguing that the Interim Parliament has no implemented from 20 February to April 10, the date set for CA authority to declare the country a republic, On 7 January, the elections. The third phase of the security plan would be Rastriya Prajatantra Party (RPP-Nepal), one of the political implemented from the CA election date and is anticipated to parties that supports the Monarchy, launched a strike cover rallies organised by the parties who emerge victorious in programme against the third amendment to the Interim Nepal the polls. The government also stated that it has set in place a Constitution which calls for the mandatory abolishment of the mechanism for the recruitment of 40,000 policemen, 22,000 monarchy subject to the approval of the newly elected CA. armed police personnel and 69,700 temporary police Similarly, on 24 January MPRF, NSP (Mahato) and other personnel to support the conduct of CA elections countrywide. groups announced a general Terai strike protesting that the youths affiliated with them were baton-charged in course of During the reporting period, indicative of deterioration in demonstrations in Janakpur. Daily life in parts of the volatile security situation, bombs and other explosive devices went off eastern and central Terai districts was affected. Security forces across the country. The prime targets of these explosions were and demonstrators confronted each other on 29 and 30 the towns where the SPA leaders had planned to hold joint January in Mahottari, Dhanusa and Bara districts. rallies. According to media reports over 30 IED incidents occurred in different parts of the country during the reporting Operational Space period. 9 IED incidents in Birgunj of Parsa District, 3 IED During the reporting period, different groups, notably Madhesi incidents in Kaliaya of Bara District, 5 in Biratnagar of Morang; Tigers, JTMM as well as CPN-Maoist continued to interfere 1 in Gol bazaar of Siraha and 6 in Banke district were reported. with the way development and humanitarian workers operate. On 14 January, at least eight people were injured when a bomb On 18 January, an I/NGO staff operating in Central region’s went off in Kathmandu, minutes after a mass gathering of the Mahottari District was abducted and subsequently released SPA concluded. Armed groups, particularly the various factions after a few days by JTMM (Jwala Singh). Similarly, following of the Jantantrik Terai Mukti Morcha (JTMM) and the continuous threats and interference in its programme by Madhesi Mukti Tigers (MMT) claimed responsibility for the JTMM and MMT cadres, an I/NGO opted not to extend its marked increase in IED attacks across the Terai. In a related programme in Saptari and Sunsari districts. In Kapilbastu incident, a JTMM faction claimed responsibility for a bus fire district, a UN funded project staff was abducted by JTMM on 20 January that killed eight passengers. While (Jwala Singh). A UN staff based in Parsa district also received a investigations are underway, there are conflicting reports about telephone call from unidentified group demanding money the incident with the police stressing it was an accident, while (extortion).
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