VOTERS’ PAMPHLET WASHINGTON STATE ELECTIONS

GENERAL ELECTION NOVEMBER 6

YOUR BALLOT WILL BE MAILED BY OCTOBER 19 2018 (800) 448-4881 | vote.wa.gov

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION 2

A message from Secretary of State Kim Wyman

Welcome to your 2018 General Election Voters’ Pamphlet!

This important election will decide local, state, and national races and issues. All 10 of Washington’s congressional seats and a statewide race for the U.S. Senate are on the ballot in this election, as are all 98 seats in the state House of Representatives and 25 of 49 seats in the state Senate. City and county elections will select judges, council members, and other officials who administer day-to-day government functions locally. Several statewide initiatives are on the ballot this year as well, with the potential to significantly affect public policy and Washingtonians’ lives. For more than a century, citizens have used petitions to place issues directly before the state’s voters, and the Voters’ Pamphlet has provided valuable information about what each proposal would do. Inside this edition of the Pamphlet, you’ll find explanations of each initiative, the impact each would have on state government finances, and arguments for and against. To participate in this election, you must be registered to vote in Washington. You may check your registration status anytime online at MyVote.wa.gov. If you are not yet registered to vote in this year’s General Election, you have until October 29th to register at your county’s elections office. This year, you and voters throughout the state will be able to return ballots by mail without using a stamp. This new convenience provides greater access to elections. Whether you use a mailbox or drop box, you can cast your vote postage-free. Voting is your opportunity to make your voice heard at the ballot box and make a difference in your community. Please take time to read through this Voters’ Pamphlet to learn about the important issues and political offices being decided this year, and then fill out your ballot and return it by November 6th by mail or in one of your county’s drop boxes. Thank you for your time and your participation in the political process. Make an impact in your community and our state by voting this fall!

Kim Wyman Secretary of State

/WASecretaryofState @secstatewa /WashingtonStateElections 3

November 6, 2018 General Election Table of contents Local Candidates and Measures

Voting in Washington State ...... 4 This pamphlet contains information for state candidates and measures. Accessible Pamphlets 5 Language Assistance ...... 6 You will receive a Local Voters’ Pamphlet from your county elections department with information on local candidates and issues. Measures If you do not receive a Local Voters’ Initiative Measure No. 1631 ...... 8 Pamphlet by the time you receive your Initiative Measure No. 1634 . . . . . 18 ballot, please call the King County Elections Department at (206) 296-8683. Initiative Measure No. 1639 . . . . . 21 Initiative Measure No. 940 27 You can also visit MyVote.wa.gov to view your online voters’ guide. Advisory Votes ...... 32

Candidates U.S. Senate ...... 37 Political parties U.S. House of Representatives . . . . 40 State Legislative Offices ...... 46 Washington State Democrats State Judicial Offices ...... 68 PO Box 4027 Seattle, WA 98194 (206) 583-0664 More information [email protected] Complete Text of Measures . . . . . 76 www.wa-democrats.org Contact Your County ...... 102 Washington State Republican Party 11811 NE 1st St, Ste A306 Bellevue, WA 98005 (425) 460-0570 [email protected] www.wsrp.org

Who donates to campaigns? View financial contributors for ? candidates and measures:

Public Disclosure Commission www.pdc.wa.gov Toll Free (877) 601-2828 4

Voting in Washington State

Qualifications You must be at least 18 years old, a U.S. citizen, a resident of Washington State, and not under Department of Corrections supervision for a Washington State felony conviction.

Register to vote & update your address

The deadline to update your voting address has passed. Contact your former county elections department to request a ballot at your new address. New voters may register in person until October 29 at your county elections department. Military voters are exempt from voter registration deadlines.

Cast Your Ballot Your ballot will be Vote your ballot Return it by mail or to an 1 mailed to the address 2 and sign your 3 official ballot drop box by you provide in your return envelope. 8 p.m. on November 6. voter registration. No stamp needed for this election!

vote by mail

WhereWhere is is my my ballot ballot?? View YourYour ballotballot willwill bebe mailedmailed byby OctoberOctober 2019.. Election Results IfIf youyou needneed aa replacementreplacement ballotballot,, contactcontact youryour countycounty electionselections departmentdepartment listedlisted VOTE.WA.GOV atat thethe endend ofof thisthis pamphletpamphlet.. or get the mobile app WA State Election Results 5

Accessible pamphlet available

Audio and plain text voters’ pamphlets available at vote.wa.gov.

No Internet access? To receive a copy on CD or USB drive, call (800) 448-4881. 6

Language assistance

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Se habla español Việt Nam được nói 中國口語 Todos los votantes del estado Tất cả cử tri ở Tiểu Bang de Washington tienen acceso 所有華盛頓州的選民都可在www.vote.wa.gov Washington có thể truy cập al folleto electoral y a los 網站 查 sách dành cho cử tri và đơn formularios de inscripción en 看中文選民手冊和選民登記 ghi danh cử tri bằng tiếng español por internet en 表 格。 www.vote.wa.gov. Việt trực tuyến tại www.vote.wa.gov. Adicionalmente, los votantes 此外，金郡選民也可登記在 de los condados de Yakima, 每次選舉前自動獲取中文選 Ngoài ra, cử tri ở Quận King Franklin y Adams recibirán su 票和選民手冊。 có thể đăng ký để tự động boleta y folleto electoral de 如果您或您認識的人需要語 nhận lá phiếu và sách dành forma bilingüe antes de cada cho cử tri bằng tiếng Việt trước (800)言協助，請致電 448-4881 elección. 。 mỗi cuộc bầu cử. Si usted o alguien que conoce Nếu quý vị hoặc người nào necesitan asistencia en quý vị biết cần trợ giúp ngôn español llame al ngữ, xin vui lòng gọi (800) 448-4881. (800) 448-4881.

The federal Voting Rights Act requires translated elections materials. 7

The Ballot Measure Process

The Initiative The Referendum Any voter may propose an initiative to Any voter may demand that a law create a new state law or change an proposed by the Legislature be referred to existing law. voters before taking effect. Initiatives to the People Referendum Bills are proposed laws submitted directly are proposed laws the Legislature has to voters. referred to voters.

Initiatives to the Legislature Referendum Measures are proposed laws submitted to the are laws recently passed by the Legislature. Legislature that voters have demanded be referred to the ballot.

Laws by the People

Before an Initiative to the People or an Before a Referendum Measure can appear Initiative to the Legislature can appear on the ballot, the sponsor must collect... on the ballot, the sponsor must collect...

129,811 VOTERS' SIGNATURES 4% of all votes in the last Governor’s race

259,622 Initiatives & Referenda VOTERS' SIGNATURES BECOME LAW 8% of all votes in the last with a simple Governor’s race MAJORITY VOTE 8 Initiative Measure No. 1631

Initiative Measure No. Initiative Measure No. 1631 concerns pollution. This measure would charge pollution fees on sources of greenhouse gas pollutants and use the revenue to reduce pollution, promote clean energy, and address climate impacts, under oversight of a public board. 1631 Should this measure be enacted into law? [ ] Yes [ ] No

Explanatory Statement 9 Fiscal Impact Statement 11 Arguments For and Against 17

The Secretary of State is not responsible for the content of statements or arguments (WAC 434-381-180). Initiative Measure No. 1631 9

The fee imposed on fossil fuels would be collected from Explanatory Statement various persons or companies. For motor vehicle fuel and Written by the Office of the Attorney General “special fuel” (diesel and certain other fuels), the fee would be collected from fuel licensees who currently pay the The Law as it Presently Exists motor vehicle fuel taxes on those fuels. For natural gas, the fee would be collected from natural gas public utilities or Under existing law, Washington has set goals to reduce entities that pay the state’s natural gas use tax. For refinery greenhouse gases emitted in Washington. Those facilities, the fee would be collected from the refinery for gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fossil fuels consumed or used by the refinery. The fee may hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, also be collected from a seller of fossil fuels to end users and other gases designated by the Department of Ecology. or consumers, a seller of fuel used for certain combined The goals are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the heat and power, or from other persons designated by the state to 1990 levels by 2020 and to continue reducing Department of Revenue. greenhouse gas emissions to achieve fifty percent of 1990 levels by 2050. The Department of Commerce is The fee imposed on electricity would be collected from responsible for developing a plan to reduce greenhouse importers of electricity generated using fossil fuels, gas emissions and reporting progress toward meeting importers of electricity generated from an unspecified the state’s goals. State agencies are required to reduce source, or a power plant located in Washington that greenhouse gas emissions by certain specified levels. generates electricity using fossil fuels. Various laws and state agency rules relate to the reduction The fee charged would be based on the amount of of greenhouse gas emissions. These include emission carbon content in the fossil fuels. In the case of electricity, standards for certain power plants, renewable fuel the fee would be based on the carbon content of the standards, building codes, requirements for utilities to use fossil fuels used to generate the electricity. “Carbon renewable resources, converting state vehicles to clean content” means the carbon dioxide equivalent released fuels, motor vehicle emission standards, and land use laws from burning or oxidation of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide such as the Growth Management Act, which encourage equivalent is a measure used to compare emissions efficient transportation systems. from various greenhouse gases based on their global warming potential. So the carbon content of a fossil fuel Under the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), state is a measure of the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse and local government must engage in a variety of public gases that are released when the fossil fuel is burned or processes to review, avoid, or minimize environmental otherwise consumed. For purposes of calculating the fee, impacts. These processes include analyzing greenhouse the Department of Ecology is responsible for determining gases and considering input from individuals and Indian the carbon content of fossil fuels or inherent in electricity. tribes concerning environmental impacts of state permitting or other action. Beginning January 1, 2020, the pollution fee is set at fifteen dollars per metric ton of carbon content. The fee The Effect of the Proposed Measure if Approved increases by two dollars per metric ton each year and is This measure would impose a pollution fee on large emitters also adjusted for inflation each year. The two-dollar annual of greenhouse gases. Money raised by the fee would be increases continue until the state’s existing greenhouse used for certain environmental programs and projects. gas reduction goal for 2035 is met and the state is on pace The measure would create a public oversight board to and likely to meet the 2050 greenhouse gas reduction goal. implement the measure and approve funding for programs At that time, the pollution fee will be fixed, except for the and projects. It also sets forth procedures for proposing annual inflation adjustments. and approving the programs and projects that could be The measure would not impose the fee in certain funded by money generated from the new fee. circumstances. For example, the fee would not apply to The pollution fee imposed by the measure would apply fossil fuels brought into Washington in the fuel supply tank to fossil fuels sold or used within this state and electricity of a motor vehicle, vessel, locomotive, or aircraft. It would generated within or imported into this state. Fossil fuels not apply to fossil fuels exported or sold for export outside include motor vehicle fuel and other petroleum products Washington. It would not apply to fossil fuels supplied to intended for combustion, natural gas, coal, coke, and any a light and power business for purposes of generating form of fuel created from these products. The pollution fee electricity. It would not apply to fossil fuels and electricity would be collected only one time on any particular unit of sold to and used by certain facilities designated by the fossil fuels or energy. This means that the fee would not Department of Commerce as within energy-intensive and have to be paid again by subsequent sellers or users of the trade-exposed industries. It would not apply to aircraft same fuel or energy. fuels, certain fuel used for agricultural purposes, and 10 Initiative Measure No. 1631 motor vehicle fuel or special fuel currently exempt from must cease upon request by an affected Indian tribe. taxation. It would not apply to Indian tribes and Indians in The measure would place all pollution fees collected in the circumstances where they are exempt from state taxation. state treasury in an account called the “clean up pollution The fee would not apply to facilities that generate electricity fund.” Expenditures from the fund would be limited to by burning coal, if those facilities are legally bound to close certain investments defined in the measure. The measure by 2025 or to comply with certain emission standards by includes certain criteria that must be considered when 2025. approving funding. The measure also allows for credits in certain circumstances. The measure would allow money from the clean up pollution For example, a fee-payer may receive a credit if the fossil fund to be used for reasonable administrative costs. After fuel or electricity is subject to a similar fee on carbon administrative costs, the clean up pollution fund must be content in another jurisdiction and the fee-payer receives used for certain categories of investments: seventy percent approval from the Department of Commerce. A light and of the clean up pollution fund must be spent on clean air power business or gas distribution business, also known and clean energy investments, twenty-five percent for clean as a utility, may receive a credit up to the full amount of water and healthy forest investments, and five percent for the fee for investments in programs, activities, or projects healthy communities investments. The board may allow consistent with a clean energy investment plan. But to different percentages in certain circumstances. receive that credit, the utility’s clean energy investment plan must be approved by the state Utilities and Transportation The measure defines clean air and clean energy investments Commission (for investor-owned utilities) or the Department as programs, activities, or projects that reduce pollution of Commerce (for consumer-owned utilities). or that assist affected workers or people with lower incomes. As noted above, seventy percent of the fund The measure would establish a public oversight board would be spent in this category. The measure identifies to implement the new law. The board would have fifteen some programs that fit this spending category, including voting members: the chair; the Commissioner of Public those that promote renewable energy such as solar and Lands; the directors of the Department of Commerce, wind power; that increase energy efficiency; that reduce the Department of Ecology, and the Recreation and transportation-related carbon emissions through use of Conservation Office; four at-large positions; and six co- electric vehicles or public transportation; and that promote chairs of three investment panels. The three investment the capturing and storing of carbon in water, soil, forests, panels would be created by the measure and would or other natural areas. At least fifteen percent of the clean provide advice and recommendations to the board and air and clean energy investments must be used to reduce assist in developing criteria for approving spending on the energy burden of people with lower incomes through certain projects. There would be certain requirements for programs such as assistance with paying energy bills, the at-large positions and the six co-chairs. promoting public or shared transportation, and reducing The board would have numerous powers and duties. It energy consumption. In addition, within four years, a would make decisions about which projects and programs minimum of $50 million would be set aside for a program to fund with the moneys raised by the pollution fee. It would to support fossil-fuel workers who are affected by the review and approve rules developed by other agencies that transition away from fossil fuels. The program may include set guidelines for the various programs required or funded wage replacement, health benefits, pension contributions, by the measure. The board would consult with other retraining costs, and other services. agencies and government bodies, Indian tribes, and others The Department of Commerce, in consultation with others, in developing projects. It would report to the Governor must propose rules and criteria for disbursing funds for and Legislature regarding progress and challenges in clean air and clean energy investments. The proposed rules implementing the measure. and criteria must be approved by the board. The measure The measure would require consultation with Indian tribes includes certain requirements for the rules and criteria for by any state agency implementing the law, or receiving disbursing funds and includes certain goals for reducing funding for projects, on decisions that may directly affect carbon emissions and global temperature increases. Indian tribes and tribal lands. The board could not approve The second spending category for the clean up pollution spending on projects that directly affect an Indian tribe’s fund is to address the impacts of climate change on the lands or usual and accustomed fishing areas without state’s waters and forests. Twenty-five percent of the fund first engaging in this formal consultation and following a will be spent in this category. Examples for this category mutually agreed timeline for the consultation. If a project is include spending to restore and protect state waters, funded without this consultation and directly affects lands to address ocean acidification, to reduce flood risk, to owned or controlled by an Indian tribe or affects lands reduce risk of wildfires, and to address other impacts of where a tribe has a significant interest, action on the project Initiative Measure No. 1631 11

climate change. Various state agencies are responsible for • Because the pollution fee will not be collected until proposing rules and criteria for eligible programs. The rules Jan. 1, 2020, it is assumed that all costs for state and criteria for these programs must be approved by the agencies, except the Utilities and Transportation board. Commission (UTC), to implement the initiative before Finally, the third spending category for the clean up pollution this date will be paid from the State General Fund. fund is to prepare communities for the impacts of climate UTC costs are paid from the Public Service Revolving change and to help certain populations who are particularly Account. affected by climate change. Five percent of the fund will • Estimates use the state’s fiscal year of July 1 through be spent in this category. In this category, funds can be June 30. Fiscal year 2019 is July 1, 2018, to June 30, used for wildfire prevention and preparedness, relocation 2019. of communities on tribal lands affected by sea level rise REVENUE and floods, and public school education about the impacts of climate change and ways to reduce pollution. A portion Local Revenue of this fund must be used to help communities participate The initiative will not impact local revenue. in carrying out the measure, such as help in preparing State Revenue proposals for projects. The initiative would generate an estimated $2,305,470,073 In addition to the spending requirements for these three over five fiscal years from the state pollution fee and UTC categories, the measure imposes other requirements on regulatory fees. spending. At least thirty-five percent of spending from the State Pollution Fee clean up pollution fund must provide direct and meaningful The initiative would impose a pollution fee on large emitters benefits to what the measure calls “pollution and health of fossil fuels based upon the carbon content of fossil fuels action areas.” The Department of Health designates sold or used within the state, electricity generated within those areas based on University of Washington analyses the state (including out-of-state sales) and electricity of vulnerable populations and environmental burdens. A imported for consumption in the state. Beginning Jan. 1, particular area partially or fully within Indian reservations 2020, the pollution fee is set at $15 per metric ton of carbon or other Indian lands would also qualify as a pollution and content. The fee would increase by $2 per metric ton each health action area. At least ten percent of funds must be year and is also adjusted for inflation each year. The $2 spent for projects formally supported by a resolution of an annual increases would continue until the state’s existing Indian tribe, and ten percent must be spent for projects greenhouse gas reduction goal for 2035 is met and the located in and benefiting a pollution and health action area. state is on pace and likely to meet the 2050 greenhouse gas reduction goal. At that time, the pollution fee would be Fiscal Impact Statement fixed, except for annual inflation adjustments. The initiative Written by the Office of Financial Management would provide exemptions from the fee for certain fossil For more information visit www.ofm.wa.gov/ballot fuels and facilities. FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY The initiative would allow qualifying light and power Initiative 1631 imposes a pollution fee on large emitters businesses or gas distribution businesses to claim credits of greenhouse gases. The fee will raise $2,295,785,000 up to 100 percent of the pollution fee for investments made during the first five fiscal years. The additional Utilities through clean energy investment plans that are approved by and Transportation Commission regulatory fee will raise the UTC for investor-owned utilities and by the Department $9,685,072 during the first five fiscal years. A public of Commerce for consumer-owned utilities. oversight board is established to supervise revenue All revenues from the pollution fee are deposited into the expenditures to reduce carbon pollution, promote clean Clean Up Pollution Fund. energy and address climate impacts to the environment and communities. Twelve state agencies and two higher STATE REVENUE ASSUMPTIONS education institutions are estimated to expend $27,178,592. Revenue estimates are based on: 1) the U.S. Energy The remaining expenditures cannot be estimated until the Information Agency (EIA) 2018 Annual Energy Outlook; public board approves investment plans. Local government 2) the IHS Markit June 2018 forecast of the Consumer expenditures are estimated to be $158,623,072. Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U); and 3) the Washington State Department of Commerce, State Energy GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS Office, Carbon Tax Assessment Model (CTAM) – version • The effective date of the initiative is Dec. 6, 2018. 3.5. The Department of Commerce periodically updates • The provisions of the initiative apply prospectively, not data in the CTAM. Any data updates to the CTAM made retroactively. 12 Initiative Measure No. 1631

between preparation and publication of this fiscal impact from this proposal could be approximately 1 percent statement are not reflected in the estimates displayed higher than modeled because the CTAM does not apply here. Although the initiative specifies that the US Bureau of a tax or fee to CO2 equivalents. Labor Statistic price index for all urban wage earners and • Five months of cash collections are reflected in fiscal clerical workers (CPI-W) is used to calculate the inflationary year 2020 due to the Jan. 1, 2020, effective date for the increase in the carbon fee, the Department of Revenue pollution fee. does not have access to a forecast for CPI-W so the CPI-U • No credits are granted for payment of a similar fee in is used instead. other jurisdictions. The following assumptions are made in the CTAM for • Qualifying light and power businesses or gas distribution modeling purposes: businesses are assumed to claim credit for 100 percent of the pollution fees for which they are liable. • Year one is set to calendar year 2020 to most closely correspond to the Jan. 1, 2020, effective date of the State Revenue Impacts proposed pollution fee. (See Table 1 on page 15) • The baseline reference energy forecast (option A) is specified, which corresponds to the EIA Annual Pollution Fee Revenues Distribution Assump- Energy Outlook 2018 reference case. tions and Descriptions • Marine fuels are exempted. Following deductions for administrative costs, 70 percent • Aircraft fuels are exempted. of the balance in the Clean Up Pollution Fund will be • “Transition coal,” i.e., power generated from coal deposited into the Clean Air and Clean Energy Account, plants scheduled to close by 2025, is exempted. 25 percent will be deposited into the Clean Water and • Power generated from Colstrip plants 1 and 2 are Healthy Forests Investments Account and 5 percent will be exempted since they are legally bound to cease deposited into the Healthy Communities Account. operations by Dec. 31, 2025. In addition, the initiative defines investor-owned utility- The following have been factored into the modeling to retained credits in the utilities’ Clean Energy Investment the extent possible: Account as gross operating revenue subject to UTC • An exemption for aircraft fuels. regulatory fees. This fee is equal to one-tenth of 1 percent • An exemption for maritime fuels. of the first $50,000 of gross operating revenue, plus two- • An exemption for pollution emissions from coal tenths of 1 percent of any gross operating revenue in closure facilities. excess of $50,000. In addition, each investor-owned utility • An exemption for the fossil fuels and electricity sold to must pay an annual fee of up to 1 percent of credited fees or used onsite by facilities with a primary activity that deposited into the Clean Energy Investment Account for falls into an Energy Intensive Trade Exposed (EITE) UTC administrative costs to implement the initiative. It sector. (Note that due to lack of available data, no is assumed that the fee is set annually at 1 percent and attempt has been made to model the impact of this excludes any amounts retained by consumer-owned exemption for qualifying support facilities.) utilities. These revenues would be deposited into the Public • Facility-specific emissions data has been drawn from the Service Revolving Account. Washington State Department of Ecology’s Greenhouse The initiative specifies that the Clean Up Pollution Fund Gas Reporting Program, which requires facilities that may be used to pay for reasonable administrative costs. emit at least 10,000 metric tons of CO2 per year in It is assumed that “administrative costs” include tax Washington to report. Note that facilities that emit fewer administration and other tasks necessary to implement the than 10,000 metric tons of CO2 per year in Washington initiative unless a state agency has a usual fund source for are not included in the data set used for estimating the the work required by the initiative. EITE exemption. (See Table 2 on page 15) • Emissions estimates have been adjusted to the extent possible to remove biogenic fuel emissions, non-CO2 STATE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES emissions and industrial process emissions. State Agency Implementation Cost Assump- • Zero growth is assumed for EITE facility emissions into tions the future. Because the pollution fee will not be collected until Jan. 1, • The initiative defines “carbon content to include both ˮ 2020, it is assumed that all costs for state agencies, except CO2 emissions and other CO2 equivalents (methane, UTC, to implement the initiative before this date will be paid nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, from the State General Fund. UTC costs are paid from the sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride) released through Public Service Revolving Account. the combustion or oxidation of fossil fuels. The revenue Initiative Measure No. 1631 13

The initiative would establish a public oversight board • The Office of the Governor would incur costs estimated (POB) to implement the new law. The POB adopts all at $8,326,874 for the staffing, operation, per diem programmatic policies, procedures and rules per the and compensation of the POB and three investment State Administrative Procedures Act for programs funded panels that would review and adopt through the through the Clean Air and Clean Energy Account, the rule-making process, as needed, plans, procedures, Clean Water and Healthy Forests Investments Account criteria and rules for the programs as well as conduct and the Healthy Communities Account. Utility investment effectiveness reviews. plans are approved by the Department of Commerce and • The Department of Commerce would incur costs UTC by Dec. 31, 2020, to allow utilities to obtain pollution estimated at $10,668,899 to draft the initial and final fee credits. pollution reduction investment plans as well as the POB activity is phased as follows: 1) formation and proposed rules for process and criteria to disburse organization; 2) programmatic rule makings and review funds from the Clean Air and Clean Energy Account. and approval of investment plans; 3) project approvals and In consultation with the Environmental and Economic updates to rules, policies and procedures; 4) appropriation Justice Panel, the department would incur costs to recommendations to the Legislature; and 5) tribal develop a plan for investments that directly reduce the consultations throughout. energy burden of people with lower incomes; design and implement comprehensive enrollment campaigns The POB would meet bimonthly in Olympia beginning to inform and enroll people with lower incomes in March 1, 2019. From March 2019 through January 2020, energy assistance programs; create a program and the POB would hold one-day meetings; from February provide assistance and support to workers in fossil 2020 through January 2021, each meeting would last two fuel industries affected by the transition to a cleaner days, with one-day meetings thereafter. energy economy; and develop draft procedures For each of the three Investment Advisory Panels, meeting and rules to provide community capacity grants to length, location and frequency would mirror that of the participate in implementing the initiative. The agency POB, except that panel meetings would start in July 2019. would participate in development of carbon emission standards, validate a facility’s EITE designation and The Department of Health would begin work on Jan. 1, review petitions by fee payers for credits for similar 2019, to designate pollution and health action areas and pollution fees imposed by other states. It would would complete this task by July 31, 2019. also conduct effectiveness reviews of programs in To meet the requirement that state agencies submit all achieving carbon reduction goals and implementing policies, procedures and rules related to expenditures from pollution reduction plans. the Clean Air and Clean Energy Account, the Clean Water • The Department of Health would incur estimated and Healthy Forests Investments Account and the Healthy costs of $631,000 to designate and update pollution Communities Account to the POB by Jan. 1, 2020, state and health action areas, participate on the POB and agency work would begin on Jan. 1, 2019. State agencies help support the Environmental and Economic Justice would also begin work on Jan. 1, 2019, to develop the Panel and other investment panels. initial pollution reduction investment plans and rules that • The Department of Ecology would incur both describe the processes and criteria to disburse funds from estimated costs and savings. Estimated costs of the Clean Air and Clean Energy Account, with review and $3,325,787 would be incurred to develop procedures, approval by the POB by Jan. 1, 2020. A permanent pollution criteria and rules for grant programs for increasing reduction investment plan and rule would be submitted to the ability to remediate and adapt to the impacts of the POB by Jan. 1, 2022. ocean acidification, reducing flood risk and restoring The Department of Ecology would begin work on Jan. 1, natural floodplain ecological function, increasing the 2019, and would adopt emergency rules by Nov. 1, 2019, sustainable supply of water and improving storm that specify the carbon content inherent in or associated water infrastructure from previously developed areas with covered fossil fuels and electricity. within an urban growth boundary. These costs would also enable Ecology to contribute to development STATE AGENCY EXPENDITURES of procedures, criteria and rules on restoring and State agency costs are estimated to be $27,178,592 protecting estuaries, fisheries and marine shoreline over five fiscal years to implement the initiative. Costs by habitats, and preparing for sea level rise. The agency agency are: would also adopt emergency rules specifying • The Department of Revenue would incur costs the basis for the carbon content of covered fossil estimated at $4,170,500 to administer pollution fee fuels and electricity, work in consultation with the collection activities. Department of Commerce to select a default emission 14 Initiative Measure No. 1631

factor for light and power businesses, and publish a • The Washington State Department of Agriculture default emissions factor for U.S. Bonneville Power would incur estimated costs of $485,000 to develop Administration sales of electricity in Washington proposed procedures, criteria and rules for a program state. Ecology would also serve as a voting member to increase soil sequestration and reduce emissions of the POB, engage investment advisory panels and from the loss and disturbance of soils. participate in conducting effectiveness reviews of • The UTC would incur estimated costs of $4,800,418 programs in achieving carbon reduction goals and to review and approve private utilities’ clean energy implementing pollution reduction plans. Ecology investment plans, review utilities’ annual reports on would incur estimated savings of $10,436,000 in implementing their clean energy investment plans, the State General Fund and the State Toxics Control conduct necessary rule making, support the POB and Account from adopting rules to eliminate the program the investment panels, undertake tribal consultation supporting the Clean Air Rule (Chapter 173-442 on clean energy investments and participate in Washington Administrative Code) and associated development of an effectiveness report. greenhouse gas emissions reporting (Chapter 173- • The University of Washington would incur estimated 441 Washington Administrative Code), for a net costs of $797,070 for its Department of Environmental estimated savings of $7,110,213 over the five-year and Occupational Health Sciences to assist the period. Department of Health in designating and updating • The Washington State Recreation and Conservation pollution and health action areas, and for the Climate Office would incur estimated costs of $534,272 to Impacts Group to provide technical assistance to develop proposed procedures, criteria and rules the Department of Natural Resources in developing for a grant program to prevent the conversion and programs and allocating funds for the clean water and fragmentation of working forests, farmland and healthy forest investments that increase resilience natural habitat that sequester carbon and provide from climate impacts on wildlife and forest health and additional ecological benefits and to participate in for investments to prepare communities for challenges the development of proposed procedures, criteria caused by climate change. and rules for clean water investments that improve • The Washington State University Energy Program resilience from climate impacts. The agency would would incur estimated costs of $525,000 to participate also participate as a voting member of the POB. in drafting the initial and final pollution reduction • The Department of Fish and Wildlife would incur investment plans. estimated costs of $423,600 to participate in • The Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction development of proposed procedures, criteria and would incur estimated costs of $80,000 for developing rules for clean water investments that improve and implementing education programs and teacher resilience from climate impacts. development programs to expand awareness of • The Puget Sound Partnership would incur estimated and increase preparedness for the environmental, costs of $272,772 to participate in the development social and economic impacts of climate change and of proposed procedures, criteria and rules for clean strategies to reduce pollution. water investments that improve resilience from (See Table 3 on page 16) climate impacts, review programs and projects for consistency with the Puget Sound Action Agenda, LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND SCHOOL DISTRICT and participate in conducting effectiveness reviews EXPENDITURES of programs in achieving carbon reduction goals and implementing pollution reduction plans. (See Table 4 on page 16) • The Department of Natural Resources would incur Cities, public utility districts, port districts and other local estimated costs of $2,573,400 to develop proposed governments that provide electricity and natural gas procedures, criteria and rules to sequester carbon services would potentially be required to pay the pollution through blue carbon projects, invest in healthy fee. It is estimated that 43 local governments would likely forests and enhance community preparedness and be impacted by the initiative. Publicly owned utilities could awareness of wildfires. Costs would also support tribal either pay the pollution fee or claim a credit for state- communities to suppress, prevent and recover from approved clean-energy investments. It is assumed that wildfires, and relocate tribal communities impacted publicly owned utilities operated by local governments by flooding and sea level rise. The agency would also would incur costs of $158,623,072 over four years, primarily participate in development of proposed procedures, for state-approved clean-energy investments made in lieu criteria and rules for clean water investments that of pollution fees for which they would be liable. improve resilience from climate impacts. Initiative Measure No. 1631 15

Key assumptions used to generate these estimates are: The Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction • Pollution fee estimates are based upon the Department estimates that there are approximately 30 school districts of Commerce’s 2016 Washington State Electric Utility that operate their own fueling distribution facilities that Fuel Mix Disclosure Report and the EIA 2016 data on service their school bus fleets. To the extent these districts natural gas utility deliveries. purchase fuel from out-of-state suppliers, they would be • All consumer-owned utilities will withhold 100 percent liable for the pollution fee. The source of fuel for these of pollution-fee liability as pollution-fee credits equal facilities is unknown, so no estimate is included of any to the value of clean-energy investments; however, potential costs to school districts. Similarly, the pollution the specific types of programmatic investments fee liability incurred by local governments operating their are unknown at this time. Jurisdictions choosing own fuel-distribution facilities supplied with fuel imported to participate in credit-eligible activities will incur directly from out of state is not known at this time. indeterminate costs related to developing clean energy investment plans, applying for credits and reporting on funding usage. • Neither the mix of fuels associated with electricity sources nor the demand for carbon-based fuels changes from 2016 reported levels. Local governments generally do not have the ability to modify their fuel mixes in the near term, and the impact of utility clean- energy investments on fuel mix and electricity demand are unknown at this time.

Table 1 – Pollution fee revenues deposited into the Clean Up Pollution Fund State Revenue FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 Impact Clean Up $0 $238,374,000 $610,047,000 $686,365,000 $760,999,000 Pollution Fund

Table 2 – State revenues State Revenue FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 Impact by Fund Clean Up Pollution Fund $0 $4,670,163 $6,495,803 $6,106,598 $4,840,946 (Administration) Clean Air and Clean Energy $0 $163,592,686 $422,485,838 $476,180,881 $529,310,638 Account Clean Water and Healthy Forest $0 $58,425,959 $150,887,799 $170,064,601 $189,039,514 Account Healthy Communities $0 $11,685,192 $30,177,560 $34,012,920 $37,807,903 Account Public Service Revolving $0 $996,266 $2,545,019 $2,898,850 $3,244,937 Account State Total $0 $239,370,266 $612,592,019 $689,263,850 $764,243,938 16 Initiative Measure No. 1631

Table 3 – State Expenditures from the State General Fund, the Clean Up Pollution Fund, the Public Service Revolving Account and the State Toxics Control Account Agency FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 Governor’s $174,180 $2,109,440 $2,031,220 $1,930,146 $2,081,888 Office Department of $0 $1,764,400 $819,700 $810,700 $775,700 Revenue Department of $2,452,979 $2,542,708 $1,657,286 $2,649,444 $1,366,482 Commerce Department of $315,000 $46,000 $162,000 $62,000 $46,000 Health Department of $(467,705) $(701,365) $(1,943,750) $(1,905,164) $(2,092,229) Ecology Recreation and Conservation $118,846 $261,226 $139,846 $7,177 $7,177 Office Department of $62,800 $191,000 $169,800 $0 $0 Fish and Wildlife Puget Sound $33,419 $33,420 $33,104 $93,098 $79,731 Partnership Department of Natural $650,700 $1,241,100 $648,800 $16,400 $16,400 Resources Department of $118,000 $224,000 $143,000 $0 $0 Agriculture Utilities and Transportation $253,294 $843,092 $1,111,404 $1,479,395 $1,113,233 Commission University of $208,518 $160,161 $142,797 $142,797 $142,797 Washington Washington $75,000 $175,000 $125,000 $100,000 $50,000 State University Office of Superintendent $0 $80,000 $0 $0 $0 of Public Instruction Total $3,995,031 $8,970,182 $5,240,207 $5,385,993 $3,587,179

Table 4 – Total local government expenditure impact FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 Publicly Owned $0 $18,811,545 $40,579,011 $46,552,927 $52,679,589 Utilities Local Government $0 $18,811,545 $40,579,011 $46,552,927 $52,679,589 Total Initiative Measure No. 1631 17 Argument for Argument against Building a Cleaner Healthier Future for Our Kids I-1631’s deeply flawed, unfair energy tax would force We have a responsibility to future generations to pass on a Washington families, small businesses and consumers to pay healthier place to live. Initiative 1631 is a sensible step that billions in higher costs for gasoline, electricity, heating and puts a fee on large polluters like big oil companies, making natural gas – while exempting the state’s largest polluters, and them pay when they pollute our air and water and invests in providing little accountability for spending. affordable clean energy and healthier communities. $2.3 Billion Energy Tax, Increases Every Year Holding Big Polluters Accountable to Protect our Air and The state’s analysis shows 1631 would cost consumers over Water $2.3 billion in the first five years alone. Higher electricity When big oil companies pollute they leave the rest of us to and natural gas bills would add hundreds of millions more pay the price with our health and environment. Initiative 1631 in consumer costs, and 1631’s escalating taxes would will make clean energy like wind and solar more affordable for automatically increase every year – with no cap. more people, reduce over 25 million tons of pollution annually, Largest Polluters Exempt and build new clean energy projects creating 41,000 good 1631 would exempt many of the state’s largest polluters, paying jobs across the state. including a coal-fired power plant, pulp and paper mills, aircraft Public Accountability and Transparency manufacturers and other large corporate emitters. Six of the All investments are overseen by a public board of experts state’s top 10 carbon emitters would be exempt from 1631, in science, business, health, and trusted community leaders while consumers and small businesses would pay billions. so that big oil companies and their lobbyists aren’t making Gasoline, Energy Prices Increase Annually With No Cap decisions about our future. Regular audits will ensure we’re Independent estimates show 1631 would increase gasoline reducing pollution and expanding clean energy. prices by up to fourteen cents more per gallon at first, Washington vs. Big Oil increasing annually, and quadrupling within 15 years, with Initiative 1631 is backed by the largest initiative coalition in no cap. Families, small businesses and farmers would also state history, including over 200 organizations and businesses pay higher costs for natural gas, heating fuel, electricity and like The Nature Conservancy, American Lung Association, transportation, costing households hundreds more per year, Union of Concerned Scientists, REI, Children’s Alliance, Sierra especially hurting those who could least afford it. Club, MomsRising, Physicians for Social Responsibility, Tulalip Lack of Accountability, No Guarantee Tribes, Washington Conservation Voters, OneAmerica, UFCW 1631’s unelected board would have broad authority to 21, and Latino Community Fund. disperse billions with little accountability and no specific By voting Yes we will build clean energy, create thousands of plan, no requirements to spend funds specifically to reduce jobs, and pass on a healthier future for our kids. greenhouse gases, and no guarantee of effectiveness. 1631 deserves a no vote. Rebuttal of argument against Five out-of-state oil companies are funding 99.9% of the Rebuttal of argument for opposition campaign. They will say anything to protect their I-1631’s deeply flawed approach to climate policy exempts billion-dollar profits. 1631 is a sensible step to reduce pollution Washington’s largest polluters, imposes a permanently today and leave a better future for our kids, by making big oil escalating tax on Washington families, and disproportionately companies pay for the pollution they create. It makes clean burdens those who can least afford it. I-1631 has no energy more affordable, creating over 41,000 good paying clear guidelines for how its unelected board of political jobs here in Washington. Let’s build our future on our terms. appointees would spend billions in taxpayer dollars, and no real accountability or likelihood of significantly reducing Written by greenhouse gases. Cliff Mass, Ph.D., atmospheric sciences Carrie Nyssen, American Lung Association, Vancouver; expert, represents his own opinions – not those of the Leonard Forsman, President, Affiliated Tribes of Northwest University of Washington. Indians, Suquamish; Ann Murphy, President, League of Women Voters of Washington, Spokane; Tony Lee, Co- Written by Chair, Asian Pacific Islander Coalition, Seattle;Bonnie Frye Dean Maxwell, Mayor of Anacortes 1993 – 2013; Anne Lawrence, Hemphill, Solar Installers of Washington, Seattle; Cenetra Board Member, Washington Farm Bureau, Family Farmer, Pickens, Registered Nurse, union member SEIU Healthcare Vancouver; Brian Sonntag, Washington State Auditor 1993 – 1199NW, Tacoma 2013; Sabrina Jones, Small Business Owner, Spokane; Mark Contact: (206) 535-6617; [email protected]; yeson1631.org Riker, Executive Secretary, Washington State Building Trades; Cliff Mass, Professor of Atmospheric Sciences, Seattle, Washington Contact: (877) 539-4443; [email protected]; VoteNOon1631.com 18 Initiative Measure No. 1634

Initiative Measure No. Initiative Measure No. 1634 concerns taxation of certain items intended for human consumption.

This measure would prohibit new or increased local taxes, fees, or assessments on raw or processed foods or beverages (with exceptions), or ingredients thereof, unless effective by January 15, 1634 2018, or generally applicable. Should this measure be enacted into law? [ ] Yes [ ] No

Explanatory Statement 19 Fiscal Impact Statement 19 Arguments For and Against 20

The Secretary of State is not responsible for the content of statements or arguments (WAC 434-381-180). Initiative Measure No. 1634 19

a classification related to groceries. Initiative 1634 would Explanatory Statement not prohibit a local tax, fee, or assessment on alcoholic Written by the Office of the Attorney General beverages, marijuana products, or tobacco. Initiative 1634 The Law as it Presently Exists would not restrict counties’ and cities’ existing authority to impose local sales and use taxes. Initiative 1634 would All local taxation must be authorized by state law. Current not restrict local governments’ existing authority to impose state law gives broad taxing authority to counties, cities, and other taxes on transactions involving non-grocery items. towns. The Washington Supreme Court has recognized that cities’ and towns’ taxing authority includes the authority to Fiscal Impact Statement tax retailers for the privilege of conducting a specific type of Written by the Office of Financial Management retail business within the city. Counties and cities also have For more information visit www.ofm.wa.gov/ballot authority to impose sales and use taxes within certain limits that the Legislature has set. For example, local sales or use FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY taxes can be imposed only when the state sales or use tax Initiative 1634 prohibits new or increased local taxes, fees is also due on a sale or item. or assessments on raw or processed foods, beverages or their ingredients, intended for human consumption except Local governments like cities and counties have relied on alcoholic beverages, marijuana products and tobacco, this broad local taxing authority to impose taxes related to unless they are generally applicable and meet specified specific products. For example, in 2017 the City of Seattle requirements. The initiative allows local government to adopted an ordinance imposing a privilege tax on the continue to collect revenue if the ordinance was in effect distribution of sweetened beverages like soda within the city by Jan.15, 2018. The revenue and expenditure impacts limits. The City of Seattle’s tax is calculated based on the cannot be determined because the potential lost revenue volume of sweetened beverages or concentrate distributed is based on volume of product sold within the jurisdiction. in the city. The State has imposed state sales and use taxes on the GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS retail sale of most items, but food and food ingredients are • The effective date of the initiative is Dec. 6, 2018. generally exempt from these state taxes. Nevertheless, state • The provisions of the initiative apply to taxes, fees or sales and use taxes are imposed on prepared food, alcoholic other assessments on groceries applied after Jan. 15, beverages, bottled water, and soft drinks. There are also 2018. additional state taxes on alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, • Estimates use the state’s fiscal year of July 1 through June tobacco products, and marijuana products. 30. Fiscal year 2019 is July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019. The Effect of the Proposed Measure if Approved REVENUE If adopted, Initiative 1634 would prevent local governments Local revenue impacts from imposing or collecting any new tax, fee, or other The initiative has an indeterminate impact on local revenue. assessment on certain grocery items after January 15, It would prohibit imposing or collecting any new tax or fee, 2018. This restriction would prohibit any new local tax, fee, or making an inflationary adjustment on taxes or fees on or assessment of any kind on the manufacture, distribution, certain grocery items after Jan. 15, 2018. sale, possession, ownership, transfer, transportation, The city of Seattle enacted a sweetened beverage privilege container, use, or consumption of certain groceries. Initiative tax prior to the effective date of the initiative. Seattle estimates 1634 would also prohibit any increase of existing local taxes, the tax will generate $23.378 million per year. Since the fees, or assessments on these grocery items after January imposition of the tax was started before Jan. 15, 2018, the 15, 2018. tax will remain in effect. However, the city of Seattle would Local governments covered by this initiative are counties, not be able to adjust the tax by inflation. cities, and towns, as well as other municipal corporations State revenue impacts assumptions and descrip- and local taxing districts. Covered grocery items would tion include any raw or processed food or beverage, or any The initiative would not have a state revenue impact because ingredient, intended for human consumption. This would it does not apply to state taxes, fees or other assessments. include, for example, meat, produce, grains, dairy products, nonalcoholic beverages, spices, and condiments, among EXPENDITURES other things. Covered groceries do not include alcoholic Local government expenditures beverages, marijuana products, or tobacco. The initiative would not have an expenditure impact on local Initiative 1634 would not prevent the State from imposing new governments because it prevents the future imposition of taxes on groceries. It would not prevent local governments local taxes or fees on groceries after Jan. 15, 2018. from imposing or collecting a new tax, fee, or assessment State government expenditures that is generally applicable to a broad range of businesses The initiative would not have an expenditure impact on state and business activity, so long as it does not impose a higher government because it does not apply to state taxes, fees tax rate on groceries or impose a higher tax rate based on or other assessments. 20 Initiative Measure No. 1634 Argument for Argument against Yes on I-1634 protects working families, farmers, and local Initiative 1634 takes away local control and gives it to the businesses. state I-1634 would ensure that our groceries – foods and beverages This confusing measure imposes a one-size-fits-all state that we consume every day – are protected from any new or law that takes power away from voters and hands it to the increased local tax, fee, or assessment. state, silencing our voice in local decision-making. Different Help keep groceries affordable. communities have unique needs and local voters deserve a The rising cost of living makes it harder for families to afford the say in how revenue decisions are made. This initiative is a basics. Special interest groups across the country, and here slippery slope toward greater state control at the expense of in Washington, are proposing taxes on groceries like meats, our cities, towns, and local communities. dairy and juices – basic necessities for all families. I-1634 Corporate special interests are spending millions to strip would prevent local governments from enacting new taxes away voter choices and protect profits on groceries. Higher grocery prices don’t hurt the wealthy I-1634 has nothing to do with keeping our food affordable. In elites but crush the middle class and those on fixed incomes, fact, tax prohibitions on everyday food items — from fruits and including the elderly. vegetables to milk and bread—are already reflected in voter approved state law. Instead, this measure is funded almost Take a stand for fairness. exclusively by the multi-billion-dollar soda industry. They are Washington has the most regressive tax system in the country only concerned with their profits and are spending millions on and places a larger tax burden on the backs of middle and this initiative—and misleading advertisements—that would fixed-income families than the wealthy. Taxes on groceries undermine local control. make our current tax structure even more unfair for those struggling to make ends meet. Reject Initiative 1634 to prevent future erosion of local powers by special interests Bipartisan and diverse support for I-1634 from citizens, I-1634 sets a dangerous precedent -- any special interest farmers, local businesses, and community organizations. could spend millions on a misleading initiative to limit our rights Organizations that represent Washington farmers (Washington as voters and our local autonomy. Voting no sends a clear Farm Bureau, Tree Fruit Association, State Dairy Federation), message that we value local control and will not be fooled by labor (Joint Council of Teamsters, International Association the political agenda of wealthy industries or outside groups. of Machinists, Seattle Building Trades), and business (Washington Beverage Association, Washington Food Industry Association, Washington Retail Association, Korean American Rebuttal of argument for Grocers Association) are united in supporting I-1634 to keep State law already precludes taxes on groceries. Initiative 1634 our groceries affordable. is funded by the soda industry to take away local choices from By voting yes on I-1634, you can take a stand for affordability our cities and towns. This confusing measure reduces local and fairness for Washington’s working families. options while increasing state control at a time when we are struggling to fund important community programs. Stand with doctors, teachers and community advocates in saying no to Rebuttal of argument against this blatant corporate power grab. I-1634 prohibits new, local taxes on groceries, period. It does not prevent voters from raising taxes on anything else to meet local needs. This is necessary to close a loophole allowing Written by municipalities to tax groceries, even though the state does not. Mary Ann Bauman, MD, American Heart Association; Kate That’s why thousands of Washington workers, farmers, small Burke, Spokane City Council; Jill Mangaliman, Got Green; businesses, and consumers support I-1634. It protects us Jim Krieger, MD, MPH Healthy Food America; Val Thomas- from taxation of everyday foods and beverages which raises Matson, Healthy King County Coalition; Carolyn Conner, prices, costs jobs and hurts working families. Nutrition First Contact: (360) 878-2543; [email protected]; Written by www.wahealthykidscoalition.org Jeff Philipps, Spokane civic leader, President of Rosauers Supermarkets; April Clayton, Farmer, Chelan/Douglas County Farm Bureau Vice President; Haddia Abbas Nazer, Yakima small businesswoman, Central Washington Hispanic Chamber President; Carl Livingston, Seattle community activist, lawyer, professor, and Pastor; Heidi Piper Schultz, Vancouver small businesswoman, Corwin Beverage Company Board President; Larry Brown, Auburn City Councilman, Aerospace Machinists 751 Legislative Director Contact: (425) 214-2030; [email protected]; yestoaffordablegroceries.com Initiative Measure No. 1639 21

Initiative Measure No. Initiative Measure No. 1639 concerns firearms. This measure would require increased background checks, training, age limitations, and waiting periods for sales or delivery of semiautomatic assault rifles; criminalize noncompliant storage upon unauthorized use; allow fees; and enact other provisions. 1639 Should this measure be enacted into law? [ ] Yes [ ] No

Explanatory Statement 22 Fiscal Impact Statement 24 Arguments For and Against 26

The Secretary of State is not responsible for the content of statements or arguments (WAC 434-381-180). 22 Initiative Measure No. 1639 Explanatory Statement The entry of restraining orders for harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner or child may make a person Written by the Office of the Attorney General ineligible to possess a firearm under some circumstances. Firearm rights can be restored under some circumstances. The Law as it Presently Exists People between the ages of 18 and 21 are generally allowed Washington law requires background checks for the sale to possess a pistol only in their residence, their place of or transfer of firearms, with exceptions. This background business, or property under their control. A person under check requirement applies to sales and transfers of firearms age 18 is generally prohibited from possessing a firearm. through firearms dealers, at gun shows, online, and State law allows a person under age 18 to possess a between unlicensed private individuals. This requirement firearm only under limited circumstances. These exceptions applies to most sales of firearms, as well as gifts or loans include, among others: while attending a firearms safety of firearms. The background check includes checking course, while practicing or target shooting at an approved with federal and state agencies for criminal convictions, range, while competing in an organized competition, while pending criminal charges or warrants, and certain mental hunting with a valid hunting license, or in certain instances health records. with parental permission. A sale or transfer of a firearm cannot take place if the Residents of other states may purchase rifles and shotguns background check shows that the buyer or recipient is in Washington if they are eligible to possess such weapons legally ineligible to possess it. The sale or transfer of a under federal law and the laws of both Washington and firearm may be completed if the result of a background the state in which they reside. Nonresidents are subject to check is not received within 10 business days. That 10 day the same background check requirements that apply to period is extended to 60 days if the buyer or recipient does Washington residents. not have a valid permanent Washington driver’s license or state identification card, or has not lived in Washington for State law does not currently require firearms safety training at least 90 days. It is a felony to deliver a firearm to any to possess a firearm. Hunter safety training may be required person reasonably believed to be prohibited from owning to obtain a hunting license. State law does not specifically or possessing a firearm. regulate firearms storage. The delivery of a pistol may be restricted based on an The Effect of the Proposed Measure if Approved outstanding warrant for a buyer’s arrest or certain other This measure would change state laws regarding firearms. charges or proceedings that might be pending against the Some of these changes would relate only to semiautomatic buyer. Certain recordkeeping requirements apply to the assault rifles, as defined. Other changes would apply to sale of a pistol that do not apply to other types of firearms. other types of firearms as well. A licensed firearm dealer must report to the state the buyer’s name, address, and other information. The state The initiative defines a “semiautomatic assault maintains records of the sales of pistols. The state does not rifle” to mean: maintain records of other transfers or a registry of firearms. any rifle which utilizes a portion of the energy State law requires that an application for the purchase of of a firing cartridge to extract the fired cartridge a pistol contain a warning about the possibility of criminal case and chamber the next round, and which prosecution for the illegal possession of firearms, and that requires a separate pull of the trigger to fire state and federal laws regarding possession of firearms each cartridge. differ. The initiative defines semiautomatic assault rifles not to State law makes it illegal to possess some kinds of firearms. include antique firearms, permanently inoperable firearms, These include machine guns, short-barreled shotguns, and or any firearm that is manually operated by bolt, pump, short-barreled rifles. Machine guns include firearms that lever, or slide action. do not require a separate trigger pull for each shot, and This initiative would add new requirements for the purchase can store ammunition in a separable device such as a clip of a semiautomatic assault rifle. Buyers would be required that can fire at the rate of five or more shots per second. to provide proof that they have completed a recognized There are exceptions to this prohibition. firearm safety training program within the past five years. State law prohibits certain people from possessing That training program must include instruction on: firearms. A person convicted of certain crimes or found not • Basic firearms safety rules; guilty by reason of insanity is ineligible to possess a firearm. The entry of a civil commitment order based on mental • Firearms and children, including secure gun storage health also makes a person ineligible to possess a firearm. and talking to children about gun safety; Initiative Measure No. 1639 23

• Firearms and suicide prevention; the firearm. Failure to securely store a firearm would only • Secure gun storage to prevent unauthorized access be a crime if certain other events happen. A person who and use; fails to securely store a firearm would be guilty of a felony if a person who is legally ineligible to possess a firearm • Safe handling of firearms; and uses it to cause personal injury or death. A person who • State and federal firearms laws, including prohibited fails to securely store a firearm would be guilty of a gross firearms transfers. misdemeanor if a person who is legally ineligible to possess a firearm discharges it, uses it in a way that shows intent This initiative would make it illegal for a person under 21 to intimidate someone or that warrants alarm for the safety years of age to buy a pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle. of others, or uses the firearm in the commission of a crime. It would make it illegal for any person to sell or transfer a semiautomatic assault rifle to a person under age 21. The initiative would not mandate how or where a firearm The initiative would prohibit a person between the ages of must be stored. But it would provide that the crimes 18 and 21 from possessing a semiautomatic assault rifle regarding unsecure storage would sometimes not apply. except in the person’s residence, fixed place of business, Those crimes would not apply if the firearm was in secure on real property under his or her control, or for other gun storage, meaning a locked box, gun safe, or other locked specified purposes. storage space that is designed to prevent unauthorized use or discharge of a firearm. The crimes also would not apply The initiative would require a dealer to wait at least 10 if the firearm was secured with a trigger lock or similar days before delivering a semiautomatic assault rifle to a device that is designed to prevent the unauthorized use buyer. It would also prohibit anyone who is not a resident or discharge of the firearm. The crimes would not apply if of Washington from buying a semiautomatic assault rifle in the person who gets the firearm is ineligible to possess it Washington. because of age but the access is with parental permission The initiative would change some laws that currently and under adult supervision. The crimes would not apply in apply only to pistols and apply them to both pistols and cases of self-defense. Finally, the crimes would not apply if semiautomatic assault rifles. These include restrictions on the person who is ineligible to possess a firearm obtains it delivery when a buyer has an outstanding warrant for his through unlawful entry, if the unauthorized access or theft or her arrest. This would also be true for situations in which is reported to law enforcement within five days of the time certain charges or proceedings are pending. Background the victim knew or should have known that the firearm had check and record keeping requirements that currently been taken. apply only to the purchase of pistols would also apply to The initiative would require every firearm dealer to offer the purchase of semiautomatic assault rifles. The same to sell or give the purchaser or transferee of any firearm requirements for collecting and maintaining information a secure gun storage device or trigger lock. It would also on purchases of pistols would apply to purchases of require every store, shop, or sales outlet where firearms semiautomatic assault rifles. are sold to post a warning sign advising buyers that The initiative would require a new warning on application they may face criminal prosecution if they store or leave forms for the purchase of a pistol or semiautomatic assault an unsecured firearm where a person prohibited from rifle. This new warning would read: possessing the firearm can get it. A similar written warning CAUTION: The presence of a firearm in must be delivered to firearm buyers and transferees. the home has been associated with an Violation of these requirements would be a civil infraction. increased risk of suicide, death during Finally, the initiative would require the development of a domestic violence incidents, and cost-effective and efficient process to verify that people unintentional deaths to children and who have acquired pistols or semiautomatic assault rifles others. remain eligible to possess a firearm under state and federal The initiative would allow the state to impose a fee of up to law. This process would provide for notice to local chiefs $25 on each purchaser of a semiautomatic assault rifle. This of police and sheriffs to take steps to ensure that persons fee would be used to offset certain costs of implementing legally ineligible to possess firearms are not illegally in the initiative. The fee would be adjusted for inflation. possession of firearms. The initiative would create new criminal offenses for the unsafe storage of a firearm if a person who cannot legally possess a firearm gets it and uses it in specified ways. These crimes would apply to a person who stores or leaves a firearm in a place where the person knows, or reasonably should know, that a prohibited person may gain access to 24 Initiative Measure No. 1639

background checks were conducted each year between Fiscal Impact Statement 2013 and 2017. Written by the Office of Financial Management For more information visit www.ofm.wa.gov/ballot Subtracting the number of mental health background checks for CPLs and handguns from the number of FISCAL IMPACT SUMMARY criminal checks for CPLs, hand guns and long guns yields an average estimate of 260,000 long gun criminal checks Initiative 1639 changes state laws regarding firearms. It per year. The state does not have data to determine what allows the state to collect a fee up to $25 for certain rifle percentage of the total long gun checks would meet the sales and transfers; however, the number of these rifle definition of SAR under the initiative. sales and transfers isn’t available. The initiative creates new criminal offenses for unsafe storage of a firearm. EXPENDITURES The state and local costs related to these criminal State Government Expenditures offenses cannot be determined as there is no data to estimate the number of cases filed or persons convicted Annual verification of eligibility to possess a each year. The cost for the annual verification cannot firearm be determined as the process has not been developed. The initiative would allow, but would not require, DOL, Therefore, the fiscal impacts cannot be determined. Washington State Patrol and other state and local law enforcement agencies to form a temporary group to General Assumptions advise on how to set up an efficient, cost-effective process • The effective date of the initiative is July 1, 2019, for annual verification of eligibility to possess a firearm. except Section 13, which takes effect Jan. 1, 2019. Whether such a group is formed, and what expenses it may • The provisions of the initiative apply prospectively, incur, are unknown and indeterminate. However, DOL has not retroactively. conducted similar work group activities that cost $15,000. • No data is available on the number of The initiative does not define the verification process, and semiautomatic rifles bought or transferred each DOL has not yet identified a likely option or set of options year in Washington. Federal law prohibits the for annual verifications. Therefore potential costs to state tracking of gun purchases (U.S.C. Title 18, Part 1, and local governments are indeterminate. Chapter 44, Sec. 926). • Fiscal estimates use the state’s fiscal year of July 1 Mental health background checks through June 30. Fiscal year 2019 is July 1, 2018, The initiative would require mental health background to June 30, 2019. checks for someone to purchase a SAR. Although data is not available to estimate the number of additional REVENUE mental health background checks that would need to be State Revenue performed, more work is likely for the Health Care Authority. The Department of Licensing (DOL) would be authorized One or more additional background check specialists to charge a fee of up to $25 for each semiautomatic could be hired at an annual cost of $83,000 each. assault rifle (SAR) sale or transfer. (The initiative includes Unsafe storage of a firearm crime a new definition for SAR.) The fee would be adjusted for The initiative would create a new class C felony of inflation. The initiative specifies the distribution of this Community Endangerment Due to Unsafe Storage of a revenue to state agencies and local law enforcement Firearm in the First Degree. It would be punishable by 0–12 agencies for record keeping and other related costs months in county jail (see local expenditure impacts). The they incur. Because data is not available to provide number of potential prosecutions and convictions of this an estimate on the number of SARs purchased, no new crime is unknown. estimate of state revenue is available. However, the state does have data on the number of background checks If an aggravated exceptional sentence were imposed, a conducted for concealed pistol licenses (CPLs) and sentence exceeding 12 months would result and be served sales of handguns and long guns (which would include at a state prison. The average cost of a state prison bed is SARs and other long guns). An average of 560,000 such $101 per day. background checks were conducted each year between There would be an indeterminate fiscal impact due 2013 and 2017. to additional filings or trial court proceedings to the Washington state law also requires mental health Administrative Office of the Courts as a result of any new background checks for all CPLs and handgun sales, but misdemeanor and/or felony charges. not long gun sales. An average of 300,000 mental health Dealers registered with DOL would be required to post Initiative Measure No. 1639 25 warning signs and provide a written warning to a purchaser about secure gun storage. DOL would incur minimal costs to print and mail the warning signs to dealers. Record keeping The initiative would require the Department of Licensing to keep records of CPL and SAR applications and transfers. The department already tracks CPL applications and transfers. The addition of SARs to record keeping, as required by the initiative, would increase the data input workload to its firearms database. (While online submission is available, DOL receives 60 percent of applications by mail, in paper form, from dealers and private gun sales.) The department would also incur costs to update forms and upgrade computer systems to add SAR records to its firearms database. DOL would experience rule-making, information services and administrative costs to implement this initiative. One-time costs would be at least $1.1 million and $500,000 annually thereafter. Additional staffing costs could be incurred, depending on the number of SAR records the agency processes. Local Government Expenditures Annual verification of eligibility to possess a firearm If a person is found ineligible to possess a pistol or SAR, the Department of Licensing is required to notify a chief of police or sheriff, who then takes steps to ensure that the person does not illegally possess one. Associated costs are indeterminate. Unsafe storage of a firearm crime The initiative would create a new class C felony (Community Endangerment Due to Unsafe Storage of a Firearm in the First Degree). As an unranked Class C felony offense, it is punishable by a standard range term of confinement of 0–12 months in jail. It also would create a new gross misdemeanor (Community Endangerment Due to Unsafe Storage of a Firearm in the Second Degree). As a gross misdemeanor offense, it is punishable by a standard range term of confinement of 0–364 days in jail. Average costs to prosecute and defend a comparable felony are $2,260 and, for a comparable misdemeanor, view ballot approximately $1,700. Sentences of less than one year in length are typically status served in county jails. The average cost of a county jail bed is $106 per day. According to local governments, it is unknown how many people may be charged, tried or convicted. Costs are indeterminate for city and county law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, indigent defense attorneys and county jails. 26 Initiative Measure No. 1639 Argument for Argument against Yes on I-1639: For Safer Schools and Communities I-1639 Removes Rights from Law-Abiding Adults Five of the last six school shooters used an assault weapon; Washington’s law-abiding adults aged 18-20 are responsible 80% of school shooters obtained guns from their own enough to vote, purchase a home, and serve in our military. home or that of a relative or friend. Over 187,000 students Yet I-1639’s proponents want you to believe these same adults have experienced school gun violence since 1999. Deadly cannot be trusted to defend themselves or their families and shootings, including Parkland, Las Vegas, Orlando, and even are attempting to use the crimes of a few as a justification to Mukilteo, involved assault weapons. Enough is enough. We curtail the rights of hundreds of thousands of Washingtonians. need to get serious about keeping firearms, especially assault I-1639 Makes Firearms Unavailable for Self-Defense weapons, out of the wrong hands. I-1639 would require gun owners to lock up their firearms or Assault Weapons are Made to Kill face criminal charges. This strict mandate renders firearms Assault weapons are not designed for hunting or protecting useless in self-defense situations by requiring them to be families from danger; they are military-grade weapons locked up. The United States Supreme Court invalidated designed to kill large numbers of people. These weapons a similar law as a violation of the Second Amendment, but belong in the hands of trained experts, not people who might I-1639’s proponents are nonetheless seeking to create this harm others. unconstitutional requirement in Washington. Commonsense Reforms I-1639’s Misguided Approach Will Not Impact Crime In the U.S. military, soldiers are not allowed to handle firearms Handguns- not rifles- are used in the majority of crimes without training. Yet, anyone in Washington can buy military- committed with a firearm in Washington. Targeting rifle grade weapons without training or additional screening. ownership will only restrict law-abiding adults from accessing This measure prevents anyone under the age of 21 from them for self-defense, home protection, and hunting. purchasing a semi-automatic assault rifle. It requires additional I-1639 is Another Extreme Seattle Agenda that Fails to background checks and mandatory training so people who Improve Safety buy these weapons use them safely. I-1639 requires securing I-1639 is bankrolled by a handful of Seattle billionaires that these and other deadly weapons, reducing how easily kids are more concerned with pushing failed California-style gun and prohibited users can access them. control than finding real solutions to make our schools and We Must Act to Reduce Gun Violence communities safe. This 33-page initiative requires firearm No law will stop every person intent on committing violence, registration, waiting periods, mandatory government training, but we must do something. Reducing access to assault firearm storage requirements, purchase tax, and more- none weapons and ensuring those who do own assault weapons of which will stop criminals or protect our Washington schools. have safety training is a commonsense reform we urgently need. Rebuttal of argument for I-1639 is not about “assault weapons”. I-1639 targets all semi- Rebuttal of argument against automatic rifles, including hunting rifles and target shooting The gun lobby has a long track record of trying to convince rifles. These are not fully automatic military grade weapons- Washingtonians there's nothing we can do to stop the plague these are commonly owned rifles used for self-defense, home of gun violence. They are wrong. This common sense measure protection and hunting. I-1639 places Washingtonians at risk requires the same standards for purchasing semi-automatic by restricting access to firearms for lawful self-defense, while assault rifles that are already required for handguns. It will doing nothing to increase security in schools or target violent not affect law-abiding, responsible gun owners, rather, it criminals. Don’t let I-1639 leave Washingtonians defenseless. will establish common sense safeguards to help prevent Vote No. dangerous, unlawful access to firearms. Written by Written by Brad Klippert, Deputy Sheriff, State Representative, Public Paul Kramer, Survivor, Mukilteo shooting; Ola Jackson, Safety Committee; Jane Milhans, Home Invasion Survivor, Student, Rainier Beach High School; Chris Reykdal, Women’s Self-Defense Trainer; Keely Hopkins, State Washington Superintendent of Public Instruction; Regina Director, National Rifle Association;Alan Gottlieb, Founder, Malveaux, Member, Washington State Women’s Commission, Second Amendment Foundation; Robin Ball, “Refuse to Be CEO YWCA Spokane; Mitzi Johanknecht, King County a Victim” Instructor, Spokane Region; Brian Blake, State Sheriff; Matt Vadnal, Mill Creek resident, Colonel United Representative, Democrat, 19th Legislative District States Army Reserve Contact: www.VoteNo1639.org Contact: (206) 718-3529; [email protected]; yeson1639.org Initiative Measure No. 940 27

Initiative Measure No. Initiative Measure No. 940 concerns law enforcement. This measure would require law enforcement to receive violence de-escalation, mental-health, and first-aid training, and provide first-aid; and change standards for use of deadly force, adding a "good faith" standard and independent investigation. 940 Should this measure be enacted into law? [ ] Yes [ ] No

Explanatory Statement 28 Fiscal Impact Statement 29 Arguments For and Against 31

The Secretary of State is not responsible for the content of statements or arguments (WAC 434-381-180). 28 Initiative Measure No. 940 Explanatory Statement In general, the new measure applies to “law enforcement officers,” which includes “law enforcement personnel” and Written by the Office of the Attorney General “peace officers.” So, like existing law, it applies to active police officers, Washington State Patrol officers, and The Law as it Presently Exists Department of Fish and Wildlife officers with enforcement State law sets forth when peace officers may use deadly powers. But it also applies to reserve officers and force in carrying out their duties. Peace officers include volunteers, or any other public employees whose primary active police officers, Washington State Patrol officers, and function is enforcement of criminal laws. Department of Fish and Wildlife officers with enforcement The measure would change the standard for when a powers. Under existing law, a peace officer is not criminally law enforcement officer may justifiably use deadly force. liable for using deadly force if the officer acts without It would adopt a “good faith” standard that permits a malice and with a good faith belief that deadly force is law enforcement officer to use deadly force only if: (1) a justifiable. The law recognizes certain circumstances where reasonable law enforcement officer, in light of all the facts deadly force could be justifiable. For example, it might be and circumstances known to the officer at the time, would justifiable if the force is necessary to overcome resistance. have believed that deadly force was necessary to prevent In addition, it might be justifiable if the peace officer death or serious physical harm to the officer or another believes deadly force is necessary to arrest a suspect who person; and (2) the particular officer intended to use deadly the officer reasonably believes has committed a felony; to force for a lawful purpose and sincerely and in good faith prevent escape or recapture an escapee from prison or believed that the use of deadly force was warranted under jail; or to suppress a riot involving a deadly weapon. In the the circumstances. In other words, to determine if the situation where a peace officer uses deadly force to arrest officer acted in “good faith,” the new law would examine a suspect who may have committed a felony, the officer not only what a particular officer’s intentions were, but must have probable cause to believe the suspect poses also what a reasonable officer would have done under the a threat of serious physical harm if not arrested. Evidence circumstances. The “good faith” test would apply in the that the suspect poses such a threat could include that specific situations listed under existing law as justifiable the suspect has threatened an officer with a weapon, or uses of deadly force (such as to prevent escape from a that there is probable cause to believe the suspect has prison), but also would determine whether an officer’s use committed a crime involving threatened or actual serious of deadly force is justifiable in any other potential situation physical harm. In such cases, deadly force may also be that might arise. An officer who uses deadly force would used if necessary to prevent the suspect’s escape after a not be criminally liable only if he or she meets the good warning has been issued, if possible. faith test. State law also provides for establishment of a Criminal To help determine whether the good faith test is met, the Justice Training Commission (the Commission) to provide measure would require an independent investigation any programs and set standards for training law enforcement time an officer’s use of deadly force results in death or personnel. Every new full-time law enforcement officer substantial or great bodily harm. The investigation would must take eight hours of crisis intervention training during be done by someone other than the agency whose officer their six months at the basic training academy, but there is was involved in the use of deadly force. If deadly force is no requirement that the Commission provide or that officers used on a tribal member, the investigation must include take any training specifically dealing with violence de- consultation with the member’s tribe and any appropriate escalation. And while the Commission must develop and information sharing. make mental health trainings available to law enforcement officers, state law does not require that officers take these The second change is that beginning in 2019, the measure trainings. would require all law enforcement officers in the state to take violence de-escalation and mental health trainings Existing state law does not contain any provision regarding developed by the Criminal Justice Training Commission. a law enforcement officer’s duty to render or facilitate first All existing law enforcement officers would be required to aid. take both trainings by a date to be set by the Commission, The Effect of the Proposed Measure if Approved and all new officers would need to take both trainings within fifteen months of starting employment. The initial This measure addresses three aspects of law enforcement. violence de-escalation training must educate officers on First, it addresses when law enforcement officers may use the good faith standard for use of deadly force. In addition deadly force. Second, it requires de-escalation and mental to the initial trainings, all law enforcement officers would health training for officers. Third, it requires officers to be required to periodically take continuing violence de- provide first aid in certain circumstances. escalation and mental health trainings to practice their Initiative Measure No. 940 29 skills, update their knowledge and training, and learn about new legal requirements. Fiscal Impact Statement Written by the Office of Financial Management The Commission would be required to consult with law For more information visit www.ofm.wa.gov/ballot enforcement agencies and community stakeholders to come up with a curriculum for the violence de-escalation FISCAL IMPACT and mental health trainings, and to set specific training requirements—for example, how many hours the trainings Initiative 940 requires all law enforcement officers in the will be and how officers will receive the trainings. In state to receive violence de-escalation and mental health addition, the Commission would set a requirement that training, as developed by the Criminal Justice Training officers take the trainings to maintain their certification. Commission. There will be costs for the state to develop the The Commission would be required to consider a number training and costs for state and local government certified of specific subjects to include in the curriculum, including: peace officers to take the training. The fiscal impacts patrol tactics to avoid escalating situations that lead to cannot be determined because the training has not been violence; alternatives to jail booking, arrests, or citations; developed at this time. implicit and explicit bias, cultural competency, and the GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS historical intersection of race and policing; de-escalation • The effective date of the initiative is Dec. 6, 2018. techniques for dealing with people with disabilities and/ • The provisions of the initiative apply prospectively, not or behavioral health issues; “shoot/don’t shoot” scenario retroactively. training; alternatives to the use of physical or deadly force • Estimates use the state’s fiscal year of July 1 through so that such force is only used as a last resort; mental June 30. Fiscal year 2019 is July 1, 2018, to June 30, health and policing; and using public service, including 2019. rendering first aid, to provide more opportunities for positive interactions with the community. For the mental REVENUE health trainings, the Commission would be allowed to use State revenue impacts the existing curriculum it currently offers on mental health This initiative will have an indeterminate state revenue and crisis intervention. impact. While the entity providing the training may charge The third change is that the measure would require law a reasonable fee, the initiative does not specify whether enforcement personnel to provide first-aid to save lives, and local governments or the state should pay for the training. require the Commission to consult with law enforcement Although the Criminal Justice Training Commission may agencies to adopt guidelines for implementing this duty. charge a fee if it provides the training, the fee has not been The guidelines must establish first aid training requirements; determined. assist agencies and law enforcement officers in balancing Local revenue impacts competing public health and safety duties; and establish Local governments may charge a fee for providing the that law enforcement officers have a paramount duty to training, which cannot be estimated at this time. preserve the life of persons they come into contact with, including providing or facilitating first aid as early as EXPENDITURES possible. State government expenditures The Commission may adopt any rules required to carry out The initiative would have an indeterminate state expenditure the objectives of the measure, and if it does adopt rules it impact. The Criminal Justice Training Commission would must seek input from the Attorney General, law enforcement consult with law enforcement agencies and community agencies, tribes, and community stakeholders. stakeholders to adopt rules for carrying out the initiative’s training requirements. The Commission estimates each law enforcement officer would require at least 40 hours of additional training to meet the requirements. The stakeholder advisory group may recommend more hours of training, but for the purposes of this analysis, 40 hours of initial training and two hours of refresher training each year thereafter are assumed. According to the Washington Association of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs’ publication 2017 Full Time Law Enforcement Employees Data, the Commission may have to train more than 10,000 law enforcement officers. This number includes state and local certified peace officers, but excludes tribal police officers. 30 Initiative Measure No. 940

The initiative allows the Commission, private parties or law Local government expenditures enforcement agencies to provide training. The cost of the The initiative would have an indeterminate local expenditure training is indeterminate because it is unknown who would impact. If, for example, the Commission were to require provide the training; however, the expenditure impacts an additional 40 hours of training for each certified peace above assume the Commission would provide the initial officer, the cost for training could have an expenditure training and refresher training spread out over multiple impact of more than $12 million. Refresher training, as years to all current certified peace officers. required by the Commission, may take two hours and To meet training requirements, the Commission would need could cost local governments $605,000 per year. This to hire a curriculum developer for the initial training and the expenditure impact assumes all certified peace officers refresher training. It would also require a program manager, would be trained in one year. Depending on who conducts administrative support staff, special skills instructors, the training and how long it takes to complete the training, firearm simulators, facility costs and other equipment. the $12 million could be spread over multiple years. Ongoing annual costs for the initial training and the two- The local government expenditure impact is also based on hour refresher training would be the same as the first year, the following: but would include online training. The Commission assumes • The cost assumptions above reflect the backfill or providing initial training to more than 1,300 officers a year. overtime pay to officers who attend training; they don’t The Commission estimates the first-year costs at $1.26 account for the cost of training. million and ongoing annual costs at $900,000. • Local police departments employed more than 9,000 Costs for taking training certified peace officers in 2017. The initiative would have an indeterminate state expenditure • The average hourly salary for certified peace officers is impact for those agencies with state certified peace officers $33.61. taking the training. However, if the Commission were to • The subsequent fiscal year assumptions don’t include require an additional 40 hours of training for each state training costs for any new hires because it is unknown certified peace officer, the expenditure amount could be $2 how many peace officers would be hired by local million. Annual impacts for the two-hour refresher training law enforcement agencies and when they may start could impact state agencies that employ commissioned training. certified peace officers, up to $107,000. The expenditure All certified peace officers, as required in the Washington impacts are based on the following assumptions: Administrative Code 139-05-300, must receive continuing • The costs above reflect the backfill or pay overtime to education and training that includes crisis intervention officers who attend training; they don’t account for the training. The current training may partially meet the actual cost of training. Commission’s requirements, which could reduce • The state employed 1,585 certified peace officers in the expenditure impacts to local governments. If the 2017. Commission conducts the estimated 40 hours of initial and • The average hourly salary for certified peace officers is the two-hour refresher training, the annual costs for training $33.61. could be $900,000 a fiscal year. These costs are already • The subsequent fiscal year assumptions don’t include reflected in the Commission’s expenditure impact above. training costs for new hires because it is unknown how many state certified peace officers will be hired by the affected state agencies and when they may start training. All certified peace officers, as required in the Washington Administrative Code 139-05-300, must receive continuing education and training that includes crisis intervention training. The current training may partially meet the Commission’s requirements, which could reduce the expenditure impacts to local governments. If the Commission requires an extra 40 hours of training, annual costs for state and local law enforcement could be $900,000 a fiscal year, as reflected in the state expenditure impact for the Commission. Initiative Measure No. 940 31 Argument for Argument against Washington ranks fifth in the nation in number of deaths from Public Safety Opposes I-940 police use of force. The loss of life is devastating for families Vote no and officers. Our state law makes it virtually impossible to I-940 is a complex proposal that will create confusion and prosecute an officer. I-940 creates a fair process to determine could compromise public safety. if an officer acted reasonably, uses a good faith standard in place in twenty-seven states, and requires independent Washington’s first responders fundamentally believe that investigations so police do not investigate themselves, which portions of I-940 are bad public policy, costly to implement, will build trust. fail to provide funding or resources to improve training, will erode public safety, and will not reduce violent interactions I-940 will save lives. between members of the public and law enforcement. I-940 940 mandates de-escalation and mental health training and pits the public against law enforcement. I-940 divides rather requires first aid at the scene. This is common sense. The than unites. focus on prevention will help save lives. Washington’s peace officers are well trained and sensitive I-940 protects people experiencing mental health crises. to the needs of the community. During the 2018 Legislative Up to a third of those killed by police in Washington State have session an historic collaboration between the authors signs of mental illness. I-940 improves mental health training and supporters of I-940 and law enforcement resulted in so officers can handle difficult situations and keep people with a comprehensive effort to review and reform some areas mental illness safe. addressed in the initiative. A continuation of that effort needs I-940 acknowledges the tensions driven by racial and to occur. economic differences. Initiative 940, as written, would force police officers to hesitate People with disabilities, people of color, youth, Native in performing their responsibilities putting the public and Americans, LGBTQ+, and people in poverty are sometimes officers’ lives at risk. Please vote no on I-940 now and allow misunderstood in a crisis. I-940 provides modern training to the 2019 Legislature to pass the comprehensive changes that help officers communicate with people from all walks of life, address every component of the necessary reforms. These to better understand the people they serve, making everyone reforms must include adequate financial funding, community safer. input, and legislative review to insure all concerns are fully I-940 is supported by both community organizations and addressed. I-940 falls far short in achieving these goals. law enforcement leaders. The training in I-940 is effective in police departments across Please join all law enforcement in voting “no” on I-940. the country, and is why local law enforcement leaders as well as OneAmerica, Children’s Alliance, Equal Rights Washington, Rebuttal of argument for Moms Rising, ACLU, and the League of Women Voters support Law enforcement is unified in its belief that I-940 is bad public I-940. policy that will be costly to implement, will fail to provide funding or resources to improve training, will erode public Rebuttal of argument against safety, and will not reduce violent interactions between the Since 1986, state law has shielded officers who unnecessarily public and law enforcement. I-940 divides more than it unites. kill people by requiring proof of “malice,” or evil intent, a For these reasons, law enforcement stands in opposition to subjective standard virtually impossible to prove. Washington I-940. We ask you to join us and vote no. is the only state with this standard. Since 2005, police have killed over 300 Washingtonians, up to a third showing Written by signs of mental illness. Only one officer was charged, and Mike Solan, Council of Metropolitan Police and Sheriffs; acquitted. Washington’s families deserve an objective Teresa Taylor, Washington Council of Police & Sheriffs; standard, independent investigations, and better training— James Schrimpsher, Washington Fraternal Order of Police;; improvements that will increase community safety. Jeff Merrill, Washington State Patrol Troopers Association; Mike Padden, State Senator (R), Spokane Valley Written by Contact: 206-247-8889; Lisa Earl, mother of Jackie Salyers, Puyallup Tribe member; http://coalitionforasaferwashington.com/ Katrina Johnson, cousin of Charleena Lyles; Mitzi Johanknecht, King County Sheriff; Larry Sanchez, Retired Grant County Deputy Sheriff; Lauren Simonds, Washington National Alliance on Mental Illness; Mark Stroh, Executive Director Disability Rights Washington Contact: (360) 453-7898; [email protected]; https://www.deescalatewa.org/ 32

ADVISORY VOTES

What’s an advisory vote? Advisory votes are non-binding. The results will not change the law.

Repeal or maintain? You are advising the Legislature to repeal or maintain a tax increase.

Repeal - you don’t favor the tax increase. Maintain - you favor the tax increase.

Want more info? Contact your legislator. Their contact information is on the following pages. View the complete text of the bill at www.vote.wa.gov/completetext. View additional cost information at www.ofm.wa.gov/ballot.

Advisory votes are the result of Initiative 960, approved by voters in 2007. Advisory Votes 33 Ten-Year Projection Advisory Vote No. Provided by the Office of Financial Management For more information visit www.ofm.wa.gov/ballot

Engrossed Second Substitute Senate Bill 6269 (E2SSB 6269) Fiscal Oil Spill Oil Spill Total 19 Year Administration Tax Response Tax 2018 $ 224,000 $ 56,000 $ 280,000 Engrossed Second 2019 1,344,000 28,000 $ 1,372,000 Substitute Senate Bill 6269 2020 1,344,000 $ 1,344,000 The legislature expanded, without a 2021 1,344,000 $ 1,344,000 vote of the people, the oil spill response 2022 1,344,000 308,000 $ 1,652,000 and administration taxes to crude oil 2023 1,344,000 336,000 $ 1,680,000 or petroleum products received by 2024 1,344,000 28,000 $ 1,372,000 pipeline, costing $13,000,000 over ten 2025 1,344,000 $ 1,344,000 years for government spending. 2026 1,344,000 $ 1,344,000 2027 1,344,000 308,000 $ 1,652,000 This tax increase should be: Total: $ 12,320,000 $ 1,064,000 $ 13,384,000 [ ] Repealed Final Votes Cast by the Legislature [ ] Maintained Senate: Yeas, 42; Nays, 7; Absent, 0; Excused, 0 House: Yeas, 62; Nays, 35; Absent, 0; Excused, 1 Final Votes Cast by Each Legislator District 1 District 3 District 5 District 7 Sen. Guy Palumbo Sen. Andy Billig Sen. Mark Mullet Sen. Shelly Short (D, Snohomish), (360) 786-7600 (D, Spokane), (360) 786-7604 (D, Issaquah), (360) 786-7608 (R, Addy), (360) 786-7612 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay Rep. Derek Stanford Rep. Marcus Riccelli Rep. Jay Rodne Rep. Jacquelin Maycumber (D, Bothell), (360) 786-7928 (D, Spokane), (360) 786-7888 (R, Snoqualmie), (360) 786-7852 (R, Republic), (360) 786-7908 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay Rep. Shelley Kloba Rep. Timm Ormsby Rep. Paul Graves Rep. Joel Kretz (D, Kirkland), (360) 786-7900 (D, Spokane), (360) 786-7946 (R, Fall City), (360) 786-7876 (R, Wauconda), (360) 786-7988 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay

District 2 District 4 District 6 District 8 Sen. Randi Becker Sen. Mike Padden Sen. Michael Baumgartner Sen. Sharon Brown (R, Eatonville), (360) 786-7602 (R, Spokane Valley), (360) 786-7606 (R, Spokane), (360) 786-7610 (R, Kennewick), (360) 786-7614 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay Rep. Andrew Barkis Rep. Matt Shea Rep. Mike Volz Rep. Brad Klippert (R, Olympia), (360) 786-7824 (R, Spokane Valley), (360) 786-7984 (R, Spokane), (360) 786-7922 (R, Kennewick), (360) 786-7882 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay Rep. J.T. Wilcox Rep. Bob McCaslin Rep. Jeff Holy Rep. Larry Haler (R, Yelm), (360) 786-7912 (R, Spokane Valley), (360) 786-7820 (R, Cheney), (360) 786-7962 (R, Richland), (360) 786-7986 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay

Initiative 960, approved by voters in 2007, requires a list of every Legislator, their party preference, hometown, contact information, and how they voted on each bill resulting in an Advisory Vote. 34 Advisory Votes

District 9 District 13 District 17 District 21 Sen. Mark Schoesler Sen. Judy Warnick Sen. Lynda Wilson Sen. Marko Liias (R, Ritzville), (360) 786-7620 (R, Moses Lake), (360) 786-7624 (R, Vancouver), (360) 786-7632 (D, Everett), (360) 786-7640 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Mary Dye Rep. Tom Dent Rep. Vicki Kraft Rep. Strom Peterson (R, Pomeroy), (360) 786-7942 (R, Moses Lake), (360) 786-7932 (R, Vancouver), (360) 786-7994 (D, Edmonds), (360) 786-7950 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Joe Schmick Rep. Matt Manweller Rep. Paul Harris Rep. Lillian Ortiz-Self (R, Colfax), (360) 786-7844 (R, Ellensburg), (360) 786-7808 (R, Vancouver), (360) 786-7976 (D, Mukilteo), (360) 786-7972 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Excused E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea

District 10 District 14 District 18 District 22 Sen. Barbara Bailey Sen. Curtis King Sen. Ann Rivers Sen. Sam Hunt (R, Oak Harbor), (360) 786-7618 (R, Yakima), (360) 786-7626 (R, La Center), (360) 786-7634 (D, Olympia), (360) 786-7642 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Norma Smith Rep. Norm Johnson Rep. Brandon Vick Rep. Laurie Dolan (R, Clinton), (360) 786-7884 (R, Yakima), (360) 786-7810 (R, Vancouver), (360) 786-7850 (D, Olympia), (360) 786-7940 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Dave Hayes Rep. Gina Mosbrucker Rep. Liz Pike Rep. Beth Doglio (R, Camano Island), (360) 786-7914 (R, Goldendale), (360) 786-7856 (R, Camas), (360) 786-7812 (D, Olympia), (360) 786-7992 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea

District 11 District 15 District 19 District 23 Sen. Bob Hasegawa Sen. Jim Honeyford Sen. Dean Takko Sen. Christine Rolfes (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7616 (R, Sunnyside), (360) 786-7684 (D, Longview), (360) 786-7636 (D, Bainbridge Island), (360) 786-7644 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Zack Hudgins Rep. Bruce Chandler Rep. Jim Walsh Rep. Sherry Appleton (D, Tukwila), (360) 786-7956 (R, Granger), (360) 786-7960 (R, Aberdeen), (360) 786-7806 (D, Poulsbo), (360) 786-7934 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Steve Bergquist Rep. David Taylor Rep. Brian Blake Rep. Drew Hansen (D, Renton), (360) 786-7862 (R, Moxee), (360) 786-7874 (D, Aberdeen), (360) 786-7870 (D, Bainbridge Island), (360) 786-7842 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea

District 12 District 16 District 20 District 24 Sen. Brad Hawkins Sen. Maureen Walsh Sen. John Braun Sen. Kevin Van De Wege (R, East Wenatchee), (360) 786-7622 (R, College Place), (360) 786-7630 (R, Centralia), (360) 786-7638 (D, Sequim), (360) 786-7646 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Cary Condotta Rep. Bill Jenkin Rep. Richard DeBolt Rep. Mike Chapman (R, Wenatchee), (360) 786-7954 (R, Prosser), (360) 786-7836 (R, Chehalis), (360) 786-7896 (D, Port Angeles), (360) 786-7916 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Mike Steele Rep. Terry Nealey Rep. Ed Orcutt Rep. Steve Tharinger (R, Chelan), (360) 786-7832 (R, Dayton), (360) 786-7828 (R, Kalama), (360) 786-7990 (D, Sequim), (360) 786-7904 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea

Don’t know which legislative district you live in? ? Call the legislative hotline at (800) 562-6000 or visit www.leg.wa.gov. Advisory Votes 35

District 25 District 29 District 33 District 37 Sen. Hans Zeiger Sen. Steve Conway Sen. Karen Keiser Sen. Rebecca Saldaña (R, Puyallup), (360) 786-7648 (D, Tacoma), (360) 786-7656 (D, Des Moines), (360) 786-7664 (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7688 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Melanie Stambaugh Rep. David Sawyer Rep. Tina Orwall Rep. Sharon Tomiko Santos (R, Puyallup), (360) 786-7948 (D, Tacoma), (360) 786-7906 (D, Des Moines), (360) 786-7834 (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7944 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Joyce McDonald Rep. Steve Kirby Rep. Mia Gregerson Rep. Eric Pettigrew (R, Puyallup), (360) 786-7968 (D, Tacoma), (360) 786-7996 (D, SeaTac), (360) 786-7868 (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7838 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea

District 26 District 30 District 34 District 38 Sen. Jan Angel Sen. Mark Miloscia Sen. Sharon Nelson Sen. John McCoy (R, Port Orchard), (360) 786-7650 (R, Federal Way), (360) 786-7658 (D, Vashon), (360) 786-7667 (D, Tulalip), (360) 786-7674 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Jesse Young Rep. Mike Pellicciotti Rep. Eileen Cody Rep. June Robinson (R, Gig Harbor), (360) 786-7964 (D, Federal Way), (360) 786-7898 (D, West Seattle), (360) 786-7978 (D, Everett), (360) 786-7864 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Michelle Caldier Rep. Kristine Reeves Rep. Joe Fitzgibbon Rep. Mike Sells (R, Port Orchard), (360) 786-7802 (D, Federal Way), (360) 786-7830 (D, West Seattle), (360) 786-7952 (D, Everett), (360) 786-7840 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea

District 27 District 31 District 35 District 39 Sen. Jeannie Darneille Sen. Phil Fortunato Sen. Tim Sheldon Sen. Keith Wagoner (D, Tacoma), (360) 786-7652 (R, Kent), (360) 786-7660 (D, Shelton), (360) 786-7668 (R, Sedro-Woolley), (360) 786-7676 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Laurie Jinkins Rep. Drew Stokesbary Rep. Dan Griffey Rep. Dan Kristiansen (D, Tacoma), (360) 786-7930 (R, Auburn), (360) 786-7846 (R, Allyn), (360) 786-7966 (R, Snohomish), (360) 786-7967 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Jake Fey Rep. Morgan Irwin Rep. Drew MacEwen Rep. Carolyn Eslick (D, Tacoma), (360) 786-7974 (R, Enumclaw), (360) 786-7866 (R, Union), (360) 786-7902 (R, Sultan), (360) 786-7816 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay

District 28 District 32 District 36 District 40 Sen. Steve O’Ban Sen. Maralyn Chase Sen. Reuven Carlyle Sen. Kevin Ranker (R, Tacoma), (360) 786-7654 (D, Edmonds), (360) 786-7662 (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7670 (D, Deer Harbor), (360) 786-7678 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Dick Muri Rep. Cindy Ryu Rep. Noel Frame Rep. Kristine Lytton (R, Steilacoom), (360) 786-7890 (D, Shoreline), (360) 786-7880 (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7814 (D, Anacortes), (360) 786-7800 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Christine Kilduff Rep. Ruth Kagi Rep. Gael Tarleton Rep. Jeff Morris (D, University Place), (360) 786-7958 (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7910 (D, Ballard), (360) 786-7860 (D, Mount Vernon), (360) 786-7970 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea

Don’t know which legislative district you live in? Initiative 960, approved by voters in 2007, requires a list of every Legislator, their party preference, hometown, Call the legislative hotline at (800) 562-6000 or visit www.leg.wa.gov. contact information, and how they voted on each bill resulting in an Advisory Vote. 36 Advisory Votes

District 41 Rep. Nicole Macri Rep. Larry Springer District 48 Sen. Lisa Wellman (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7826 (D, Kirkland), (360) 786-7822 Sen. Patty Kuderer (D, Mercer Island), (360) 786-7641 [email protected] [email protected] (D, Bellevue), (360) 786-7694 [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Frank Chopp Rep. Tana Senn District 46 Rep. Vandana Slatter (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7920 Sen. David Frockt (D, Mercer Island), (360) 786-7894 [email protected] (D, Bellevue), (360) 786-7936 (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7690 [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Judy Clibborn District 44 Rep. Joan McBride (D, Mercer Island), (360) 786-7926 Sen. Steve Hobbs Rep. Gerry Pollet (D, Kirkland), (360) 786-7848 [email protected] (D, Lake Stevens), (360) 786-7686 (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7886 [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea District 42 Rep. John Lovick Rep. Javier Valdez District 49 Sen. Doug Ericksen (D, Mill Creek), (360) 786-7804 (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7818 Sen. Annette Cleveland (R, Ferndale), (360) 786-7682 [email protected] [email protected] (D, Vancouver), (360) 786-7696 [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Mark Harmsworth Rep. Luanne Van Werven District 47 Rep. Sharon Wylie (R, Mill Creek), (360) 786-7892 Sen. Joe Fain (R, Lynden), (360) 786-7980 [email protected] (D, Vancouver), (360) 786-7924 (R, Auburn), (360) 786-7692 [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea Rep. Vincent Buys District 45 Rep. Monica Jurado Stonier (R, Lynden), (360) 786-7854 Sen. Manka Dhingra Rep. Mark Hargrove (D, Vancouver), (360) 786-7872 [email protected] (D, Redmond), (360) 786-7672 (R, Covington), (360) 786-7918 [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Nay District 43 Rep. Roger Goodman Rep. Pat Sullivan Sen. Jamie Pedersen (D, Kirkland), (360) 786-7878 (D, Covington), (360) 786-7858 (D, Seattle), (360) 786-7628 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea E2SSB 6269 (AV19): Yea

Address confidentiality for crime survivors Keep your voting address confidential The Address Confidentiality Program can register participants to vote without creating a public record. To be eligible: •  you must be a survivor of domestic violence, sexual assault, trafficking or stalking, or be employed in criminal justice and a target of felony harassment on the job •  you must meet with a victim advocate who can assist with threat assessment, safety planning, and the program application •  you should have recently moved to a new location that is unknown to the offender and undocumented in public records Call (800) 822-1065 or visit www.sos.wa.gov/acp. 37

Federal Qualifications & Responsibilities Except for the President and Vice President, all federal officials elected in Washington must be registered voters of the state. Only federal offices have age requirements above and beyond being a registered voter.

Congress The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives have equal responsibility for declaring war, maintaining the armed forces, assessing taxes, borrowing money, minting currency, regulating commerce, and making all laws and budgets necessary for the operation of government. U.S. Senator Senators must be at least 30 years old and citizens of the U.S. for at least nine years. Senators serve six- year terms. The Senate has 100 members; two from each state. The Senate has several exclusive powers, including consenting to treaties, confirming federal appoint- ments made by the President, and trying federal officials impeached by the House of Representatives. U.S. Representative Representatives must be at least 25 years old and citizens of the U.S. for at least seven years. Representatives are not required to be registered voters of their district, but must be registered voters of the state. Representatives serve two-year terms. The House of Representatives has 435 members, all of whom are up for election in even-numbered years. Each state has a different number of members based on population. After the 2010 Census, Washington was given a 10th Congressional District.

Who donates to campaigns? View financial contributors for federal candidates: Candidate statements are printed exactly Federal Election Commission as submitted. The Office of the Secretary of State does not make corrections of any www.fec.gov kind or verify statements for truth or fact. Toll Free (800) 424-9530 38 United States Senator | 6-year term

Maria Cantwell (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Statement U.S. Senate 2001-present, U.S. House of Representatives Maria fights to do what’s right for Washingtonians. She 1993-1995, Washington State Legislature 1987-1993. knows too many Washington families struggle to get by. Other Professional Experience Maria has worked to help create family-wage jobs and Real Networks, Vice President of Marketing & Senior Vice prepare America’s workforce for 21st century innovation. President of the Consumer Products Division 1995-2000. She has passed laws to help our agriculture, aviation, maritime, fishing, and bustling port economies. Education First in her family to graduate college with the help of Housing costs are skyrocketing. That’s why Maria financial aid. Received B.A. in Public Administration from successfully worked across the aisle to increase federal Miami University. incentives to build more affordable housing. She fought to save the Affordable Care Act. Maria kept her promise Community Service to protect Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. Maria is an avid hiker and outdoorswoman who has She supported new laws to ensure veterans receive the summited Mt. Rainier, Mt. Adams, Grand Teton, Kilimanjaro, healthcare they deserve. Maria believes prescription drugs and hopes to tackle more of our nation’s highest peaks. should be affordable and pharmaceutical companies should be held accountable for flooding communities with addictive painkillers and she helped secure increased funding for law enforcement and treatment. Making the dream of college education more affordable, Maria supports increasing Pell grants, allowing students to refinance loans, and she helped pass a 21st Century GI Bill to expand educational opportunities for veterans. Washington leads in aerospace and manufacturing trades. That’s why Maria’s bipartisan legislation creates the first federal tax incentive for apprenticeships - retraining veterans and laid-off workers at community colleges. Maria helps grow Washington’s tech industry by fighting for Net Neutrality and cybersecurity. First responders are heroes who need support. Maria fought for wildfire funding focusing on prevention, protecting lives, and growing rural jobs. A vibrant outdoor economy supports rural communities. Maria led the charge to stop fee hikes in our National Parks and prevented oil exploration off Washington’s coasts. She believes in state tax deductibility. Congress, like small business, needs to live within its means. Maria believes PAYGO measures fight our deficit. Our American values are being challenged. We need to keep Maria in the other Washington fighting for our Washington values. Contact (206) 682-7328; [email protected]; www.cantwell.com continue United States Senator | 6-year term 39

Susan Hutchison (Prefers Republican Party)

Elected Experience Statement Chairman, Washington State Republican Party 2013-18; Our people deserve better than an ineffective Senator Winner, 2009 County Executive Primary, Seattle Times seeking an undeserved 4th term. We need a Senator who endorsement truly cares about the concerns of this Washington, not the Other Professional Experience other. Unlike her, I’ve been in every county and corner of 20 years TV News Journalist KIRO(CBS)-Five Emmys; the state these last 5 years--and I’ve heard you! You are 10 years Executive Director, Simonyi Fund for Arts and fed up with Seattle’s harmful policies which she accepts Sciences and supports--polices that jeopardize our future. You want a Senator who votes your pocketbook, not hers. You want Education big change now and so do I. In this election, I’m fighting for Bachelor of Science, University of Florida; Certificate, you. And I need your vote. National Security Forum, USAF Air University My ties here actually began before I was born--when my Community Service German and Norwegian immigrant grandparents settled in Seattle Colleges Advisory Board; Mayor Nickels Good Tacoma. While I moved a lot as a military daughter and Neighbor Award; Seattle Children’s Hospital Foundation; wife, my husband and I returned to the Puget Sound as Seattle Symphony Chair; King County Elections Task soon as we finished Marine Corps active duty. We raised Force-Ron Sims appointee; Salvation Army NW Board; our two boys, investing time in things that matter: our kids’ Governor’s A+ Education Commission-Gary Locke teachers, schools, and teams; our work (my husband at appointee; Young Life Chair; Woodrow Wilson International Boeing); our church--serving UW students; and many Center for Scholars-Presidential appointee; Smithsonian significant community needs. We also enjoyed hiking Air and Space Museum Trustee mountains, whale watching and helping visitors pronounce Puyallup. But all the while I was fighting for you. Against a state income tax, against reckless spending of your taxes. For children’s health, for public schools, for fair elections in King County. Unlike my opponent, I would have voted for working-family tax cuts, for our military, for the first woman to head the CIA. I will champion Washington’s farms that feed the world. I can bring home vital infrastructure dollars, which she cannot. And be assured, when President Trump is good for Washington State, I’ll support him. When he’s not, I can talk to him. I’ll be your voice. I’ll fight for you. Let’s win this together! Contact (206) 880-1820; [email protected]; www.susan4senate.com

end 40 United States Representative | District 7 | 2-year term

Pramila Jayapal (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Statement United States Representative, 2017-current; Washington I am so proud to represent Washington’s 7th District in the State Senator, 2015-2016 United States Congress. I came to United States when I Other Professional Experience was 16 years old by myself, and I have been a resident of Founder/Executive Director, OneAmerica; Director, PATH Seattle for nearly thirty years. As your U.S. Representative, Fund for Technology Transfer; Financial Analyst; Author I am focused on ensuring everyone has access to quality healthcare, making college debt-free, protecting our Education environment, welcoming immigrants, ensuring pay equity BA in English & Economics, Georgetown University; MBA, and reproductive rights, and ensuring everyone can retire Northwestern University with dignity. Community Service During my first term, I have held more than a dozen town 2013 White House Champion of Change Awardee; First halls to hear from you and fight for your priorities, including Vice-Chair, Congressional Progressive Caucus; Vice- more affordable housing as well as robust public transit Chair, Democracy Reform Task Force; Co-Chair, United for and infrastructure. I secured the passage of $2.5 million Climate and Environmental Justice Task Force; Co-Chair, in funding to address our opioid crisis and cosponsored Women’s Working Group on Immigration Reform; Former legislation to create tuition-free college nationwide, Board Chair, API Chaya; Member, City of Seattle Income Medicare for All, and transition to a 100% renewable Inequality Advisory Committee – enacting path to $15 energy future. Through diligent casework, I have helped minimum wage constituents – including veterans and seniors – get back over $800,000 in federal benefits. As Vice Ranking Member of the Budget Committee and Member of the Judiciary Committee, I will continue to stand up against attempts to divide and scapegoat, to ensure that we get money out of politics, and to build an economy of shared responsibility that takes care of the most vulnerable among us, instead of giving more tax giveaways to those who don’t need them. Our district is rich in innovation, diversity, natural resources and compassion. I’m proud to represent you and I would be honored to have your vote. Endorsements: King and Snohomish County Democrats, Washington State Young Democrats, Alliance for Gun Responsibility, Planned Parenthood Northwest, Washington State Labor Council, IAF 27 Seattle Firefighters, Sierra Club, 11th, 21st, 36th, 37th, 46th District Democrats and the Congressional Progressive Caucus Contact (541) 993-9185; [email protected]; www.pramilaforcongress.com

continue United States Representative | District 7 | 2-year term 41

Craig Keller (Prefers Republican Party)

Elected Experience Statement Precinct committee officer, 24 years. With the voters’ trust I Time to Drain the Swamp in D.C. and Seattle! Time to dump hope to serve them in Congress after having interned there Marxist attempts at wealth redistribution and racial division long ago (1984). that are degrading our cities. Yes, it is time to resist the job- Other Professional Experience killing “head tax” advocated by the incumbent and others I represent manufacturers of earthquake protection devices who conjure “class” warfare. proudly made in the U.S.A. I manage investment portfolios Also unlike that opposite ballot choice, I will vote mandatory for retirees. I helped save Seattle Sorbets and even picked E-verify to halt SSN theft committed by illegal aliens. E-verify apples one fall. already is the taxpayer’s most effective remedy against Education unlawful employment and used by our most responsible B.A. Hillsdale College, Economics; Chartered Financial local employers such as Boeing, Starbucks and Costco. Analyst Once employers take 15 minutes to enroll they become equipped to detect fraudulent name-SSN combinations. Community Service Illegal aliens will migrate back to their country of work PTA CoPresident. Cofounded RespectWashington.us authorization and may reenter with valid visa. defending citizens and legal immigrants against politicians who exploit immigration fraud. Successful “sanctuary” Not only do drug cartels profit from sale of fake ID, but they repeal petitions in Spokane and Burien. Cofounded prostitute children. Twice now the incumbent has voted SaveOurChoice.us defending consumer choice (petitions against bills (HR1761, HR1865) that strengthen prosecution to repeal soda tax, bag ban and job-killing wage). of human traffickers and pornographers. HR1865 was supported by both U.S. Senators, The Seattle Times and signed by President Trump. With your vote I will protect children. You can also depend upon me to support maximum prosecution of assassination attempts upon our police officers. On May 16th the incumbent voted against HR5698 which President Trump will soon sign to empower federal prosecution of assassins. If you hire me to Congress I will never betray our seniors by voting amnesty for 10-20 million illegals. The incumbent, however, would vote illegal aliens an amnesty “pathway” to your Social Security and thereby blow up an already insolvent Old-Age and Survivors and Disability Insurance program. That’s insurance fraud! Help me help you block such theft. I ask for your vote. Also, please join me in voting for Seattle police captain and U.S. Senate candidate Keith Swank. Contact (206) 932-2243; [email protected]; www.Keller4America.us

end 42 United States Representative | District 8 | 2-year term

Dino Rossi (Prefers GOP Party)

Elected Experience Statement State Senator representing East King County from 1996 to Congress has too many people yelling, and too few people 2003. Reappointed to the State Senate unanimously by the solving problems. As the son of a public schoolteacher King County Council in 2012 and 2016 and beautician, I want every family to live the American Other Professional Experience Dream like my family did. I worked my way through college As a successful businessman and State Senator, I built with jobs in construction and as a janitor. Later, I became coalitions of people from all walks of life and worked across successful in commercial real estate, where I learned to party lines to solve problems. In the State Senate, I wiped work constructively with others to fix problems and help out a multibillion dollar budget deficit while maintaining everyone succeed. strong protections for the most vulnerable As a State Senator, I stayed true to those principles and Education built coalitions of people from all walks of life, writing award- Bachelor of Arts in Business Management, Seattle winning bipartisan balanced budgets. I closed deficits while University protecting funding for seniors, people with developmental disabilities or mental illnesses, and increasing school Community Service funding, all without a general tax increase. I passed laws to Board Chair, Special Olympics for Washington; Board keep child molesters in prison for life and to stop chronic Member, Mountains-to-Sound Greenway Trust; Deans DUI offenders from driving. Advisory Board Member, Seattle University School of Business Every life has value, and I have always worked to honor the dignity of all people. The developmental disabilities community has given me eight awards for my success in defending them in Olympia. I also had the honor of chairing the Special Olympics of Washington. I am a fiscal conservative with a social conscience and will always defend the most vulnerable. My wife Terry and I have four wonderful children, and we want to leave this country better than we found it. But most of D.C. is absorbed in scoring political points rather than meeting our challenges. As your Congressman, my door will always be open to anyone who will work in good faith. I am asking for your vote to help our country solve problems again. Endorsements: Washington State Troopers Association, Washington Fraternal Order of Police, Washington Farm Bureau, over 150 Republican, Democratic, and nonpartisan local elected officials, and hundreds of community leaders across the 8th District Contact (425) 651-6333; [email protected]; www.dinorossi.com

continue United States Representative | District 8 | 2-year term 43

Kim Schrier (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Statement I am not a career politician and will bring a new voice to I’ve spent my career listening to and solving problems with Congress. thousands of patients and families across the 8th District. Other Professional Experience I will bring that same dedication and understanding to my Pediatrician in Issaquah for 16 years; Voted Best work as your representative in Congress. Pediatrician by parents in the greater Seattle area (Parent Healthcare has always been my passion. I was diagnosed Map Magazine, 2013) with Type 1 diabetes as a teenager, inspiring me to become Education a pediatrician to treat children and their families. I know Pediatric residency at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, firsthand what it means to worry about health insurance Stanford University, 2000; University of California, Davis and rising costs. I decided to run for Congress after Trump School of Medicine, 1997; University of California, Berkeley, and House Republicans tried to strip away protections for B.A. in Astrophysics, Phi Beta Kappa, 1991 preexisting conditions like my own and deny affordable healthcare to 32,500 8th District residents. Community Service Volunteer at Snoqualmie Springs School; volunteer at Healthcare is a right. I will make healthcare more affordable Bellevue College Early Learning Center; volunteer instructor by strengthening the Affordable Care Act and reversing at Virginia Mason; advocate to protect critical wetlands and damage done by Trump and the GOP Congress; letting endangered salmon in Sammamish. everyone buy into Medicare as an affordable option; and allowing Medicare to negotiate lower drug prices. There are no women doctors in Congress. I will provide a vital missing voice as Congress debates women’s healthcare, reproductive rights, and children’s health. I’m the daughter of an elementary school teacher and an aerospace engineer, and the product of public education. Our son attends public school. I will improve our schools so every student graduates with the skills they need to succeed. I will work to build a middle-class centered economy so everyone who works hard benefits, and I will strengthen Social Security and Medicare. My first job was at the EPA, so I will keep our air and water clean and transition to a clean energy economy to combat climate change. Endorsements: EMILY’s List, Washington State Labor Council, IAM, AFSCME, AFT Washington, LiUNA, IUPAT, Young Democrats of Washington, King County Young Democrats, National Women’s Political Caucus, Win With Women, elected officials across the district. Contact (425) 395-4775; [email protected]; www.drkimschrier.com

end 44 United States Representative | District 9 | 2-year term

Adam Smith (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Statement United States Representative, 1997-current; Washington I grew up in the city of SeaTac, and have lived my entire life State Senator, 1991-1997 in the 9th District. My wife Sara and I raise our two children Other Professional Experience here, where they both attend public schools. This district is Prosecutor, City of Seattle, 1993-1995; Attorney, Cromwell, a tremendously diverse community that values hard work, Mendoza and Belur and I am very proud to represent it. As a Prosecutor, State Senator, Congressman, and member of our community, I Education have lived the values my parents taught me—integrity, hard J.D., University of Washington, 1990; B.A., Fordham work, and respect for your community. University, 1987, Tyee High School, 1983 I am focused on strengthening the middle class, equity Community Service for all, and investing in our future. We must provide a UW Evans School Honorary Advisory Board member; PTA progressive path forward where everyone can thrive. member Issaquah High School and Issaquah Middle Working class families, like the one I grew up in, do not School; Issaquah High School Booster Member; Borgen have the same opportunities as previous generations. This Project Board of Directors member; former volunteer must change. coach, Issaquah Soccer Club; former member, Northeast Tacoma Elementary PTA where my wife, Sara, served as We must grow from the middle out, increase economic PTA President for 2 years; former member, Federal Way opportunities by raising the minimum wage, making college Kiwanis Club; former member, Tom Lantos Human Rights more affordable and accessible and providing good paying Commission jobs, and ensure that all people have healthcare no matter their background. As the top-ranked Democrat on the House Armed Services Committee, I have also prioritized making sure that our servicemembers and their families, many of whom live in the 9th District, receive the support they need and deserve. I work hard every day to make sure every person in our district has access to the best this country has to offer; not only because it’s the right thing to do, but also because this is my home—it’s personal to me, just like the prosperity of our community is personal to you. I am passionate about serving our community and I ask for your vote. Contact (253) 572-6125; [email protected]; www.electadamsmith.com

continue United States Representative | District 9 | 2-year term 45

Sarah Smith (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Statement Precinct Committee Officer, 37th Legislative District I am a candidate exclusively funded by people, supported by Other Professional Experience people, and running to represent the regular working people Liability and Injury Negotiator, Paralegal, Executive Assistant of Washington’s 9th District. I will never take corporate money and believe that we must eliminate the corrupting influence Education of money in politics. I am a working class woman who B.A. Classical Studies, University of Arizona budgets for groceries, who pays nearly half of her housing Community Service costs in student loans every month, and who has had to Organizer - ChickTech - Women in STEM conference, have a job throughout our campaign to survive. I believe that Community Organizer for previous employers, support in the wealthiest country in the history of the world, we can volunteer for Iskashitaa Refugee Network, Animal Foster achieve universal single-payer healthcare, public childcare, for FAIR Animal Rescue, and free public education, pre-K to graduate school. With a Green New Deal, we can train millions of skilled workers while building the transportation and energy infrastructure of the future and taking urgent steps to combat climate change. We can have transparent, publicly-financed elections. We can establish community policing with citizen oversight, end interventionist wars, and protect the rights of women, the LGBTQ+ community, and racial and religious communities. We are at a crossroads as a nation and we must act now. Greed and corruption have siezed control of our government. People are dying without healthcare and find themselves bankrupt because of an illness, corporations receive billions of dollars in tax cuts while working class Americans find themselves unable to buy homes, payrent, or feed their children. Students are saddled with debt that they cannot afford and will never be able to pay back. Yet we find billions of dollars available for our military to wage needless wars, bomb innocent civilians, and steal from the mouths of our countrymen. We can win this fight against corruption together and have a country that works for everyday Americans. Contact (206) 452-5037; [email protected]; www.votesarahsmith.com

end 46

Legislative Qualifications & Responsibilities

Legislators must be registered voters of their district.

Legislature Legislators propose and enact public policy, set a budget, and provide for the collection of taxes to support state and local government.

State Senator The Senate has 49 members; one from each legislative district in the state. Senators are elected to four-year terms, and approximately one-half the membership of the Senate is up for election each even-numbered year. The Senate’s only exclusive duty is to confirm appointments made by the governor.

State Representative The House of Representatives has 98 members; two from each legislative district in the state. Representatives are elected to two-year terms, so the total membership of the House is up for election each even-numbered year.

Candidate statements are printed exactly as submitted. The Office of the Secretary of State does not make corrections of any kind or verify statements for truth or fact. State Representative | District 5 Position 1 | 2-year term 47

Legislative Qualifications Bill Chad Ramos Magendanz & Responsibilities (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers Republican Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience Issaquah City Councilmember, 2015-present Elected to WA House of Representatives in 2012 & 2014; Other Professional Experience Served on Education (Ranking Member), Higher Education, Owns and operates an Issaquah-based small business, The Technology & Economic Development, Rules, and Common Good, specializing in developing transportation Appropriations committees; Appointed to five bipartisan and public transit projects. Previously, worked for the US school funding and quality task forces; Former Issaquah Department of Transportation’s Federal Transit Administration School Board President as a Community Planner, as well as for the US Forest Service Other Professional Experience in North Bend as Director of Forest Management, Recreation Software developer for Microsoft, Nike, Panasonic and and Public Services, and Ecosystem Management. Owned other high tech companies; U.S. Navy submarine officer small dance business in North Bend for nearly 20 years. (12 years); Microsoft manager (10 years) with over 20 Education patent awards BS, Humboldt University. Certificates in Forest Engineering Education and Recreation Management. Electrical & Computer Engineering, Cornell University Community Service Community Service Served on Issaquah’s Economic Vitality Commission, TEALS computer science teacher; PTA Outstanding Planning and Policy Commission, and Human Service Advocate; Kiwanis; American Legion; Tiger Mountain Commission. resident with wife Galen (29 years); Father of two CS majors Statement at MIT and Utah There is more that unites us than not. By working together, Statement we can tackle our traffic problems and get people home with In a world of increasingly partisan politics, Chad has earned their families sooner. We can support and improve public a reputation for building bridges. An education champion schools, giving all our children the opportunity to succeed. in Olympia, he led negotiations to double school funding We can keep our kids safe, inside and outside of schools, while reducing property tax rates in 44% of districts. He with common sense gun safety. We can make government formed bipartisan coalitions to pass landmark legislation on work for us, strengthening Olympia’s accountability and computer science education, innovative schools, electric transparency, ending partisan games. vehicles, and cybercrime. I would be honored to have your vote. Endorsed by Eastside When endorsed for his previous House races, The Seattle Fire & Rescue, Maple Valley Firefighters, Washington Times called Chad “one of the clearest thinkers in the Conservation Voters, our teachers, school board members, Legislature” who “brings much-needed moderation unions and more. and intellectual rigor to Olympia”. Having received only Contact “Outstanding” ratings in past Municipal League candidate (425) 208-5882; [email protected]; voteramos.org evaluations, he’s earned our vote. Contact (425) 395-4895; [email protected]; www.Vote4Chad.com 48 State Representative | District 5 Position 2 | 2-year term

Lisa Paul Callan Graves (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers Republican Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience Currently a school board director with the Issaquah School State Representative, 2016-present. District, previously serving as its board president. Other Professional Experience Other Professional Experience General Counsel at Oak Harbor Freight Lines. Attorney at Former lead engineer and project manager for Boeing. Perkins Coie. Law Clerk for Washington Supreme Court Former consultant managing large scale software Justice James Johnson. development programs for businesses. Education Education Law Degree, Duke University; M.A. Philosophy, Duke Bachelor of Science in mathematics with an emphasis in University; B.A. Western Washington University. computer science from Northern Arizona University. Community Service Community Service King County Court-Appointed Special Advocate program: Board member with the Eastside Human Services Forum pro bono attorney (named pro bono attorney of the year). and Influence the Choice Drug Prevention Alliance for Hopelink: board member. Mountains to Sound Greenway Youth. Active leader and volunteer with the PTSA, Kiwanis, Trust: board of advisors member. Snoqualmie Valley Rotary: and Issaquah Chamber of Commerce. Former loaned active member. Excel Public Charter School: founding executive to the United Way of King County. board member. Andy Hill public service award recipient. Statement Statement As a mom and school board director, our public schools As your Representative, I have worked in a bipartisan, are my top priority. With new investments headed our way, thoughtful manner for excellent schools; traffic relief; we need elected leaders with firsthand experience working low, stable taxes; and open government. Through hard in our schools to ensure students and teachers have the work we prioritized school funding and accelerated the resources they need to be safe and successful. I’ll fight for 18/90 interchange fix by six years. I was the only Eastside our community in Olympia, working across the aisle to find legislator to vote against a bill that would shield legislative traffic solutions that move us around quickly and safely and records from public review. Based on my votes, I was reduce the property tax burden for you and your family. named the most independent Representative. I will always Endorsed by Senator Patty Murray, State Superintendent fight for our community. Chris Reykdal, State Senator Mark Mullet, Washington Endorsements: Congressman Dave Reichert; Councilmembers Conservation Voters, our teachers, and many more. Kathy Lambert and Reagan Dunn; Mayors of Sammamish, Contact North Bend, Maple Valley, and Black Diamond; many others. (425) 260-4878; [email protected]; lisacallan.org Contact (206) 818-5607; [email protected]; www.paulgraveswa.com State Representative | District 11 Position 1 | 2-year term 49

Zack Hudgins Unopposed (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience House of Representatives 2002-2018 Other Professional Experience Worked at Amazon.com, Microsoft, and United Way of King County. Education BA - University of Notre Dame Community Service Founding board member, and board President - VA Puget Sound Fisher House that helps veteran’s families. Former board member for Domestic Abuse Women’s Network. Former instructor for Highline Community College’s Global Leadership Development Program. South Seattle President’s Advisory Committee. Renton Chamber of Commerce. Former member of Legislative Veterans and Military Affairs Committee, Committee on Job Outsourcing, and the Washington State Arts Commission. State Information Technology Services Board, Legislative IT Projects and Oversight Committee, NCSL CyberSecurity Task Force. Statement My wife and I want all the kids in our son’s first grade class to have a bright future, where a good education and a decent living aren’t out of reach. I spent my career helping families by building stronger communities. I’ve fought for educational funding for our schools, environmental protections, an inclusive voting system, consumer credit protection, better health care, more efficient government, and support for our children, veterans, immigrants, and elders. I’ve been endorsed by: State Labor Council, Conservation Voters, King/Young/11th Democrats, Firefighters, and voters like you. Thank you for your vote. Contact [email protected]; www.zackhudgins.com 50 State Representative | District 11 Position 2 | 2-year term

Steve Bergquist Unopposed (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience State Representative Other Professional Experience History/Social Studies Teacher in the Renton School District; Also, until recently, Small Business Owner of Aces Tennis, running the City of Renton Parks and Recreation Tennis Programs Education Hazen High School, Renton; Bachelors Degree, Political Science and History double major, University of Washington; Masters Degree in Teaching, Western Washington University Community Service Volunteer Tennis Tournament Director for Renton River Days. Led a successful community effort to save all of the Renton School District high school golf teams and many volunteering experiences at Habitat for Humanity, Salvation Army Renton Food Bank, Ronald McDonald House, and Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust. Statement As a father of two young children, and one of the few active teachers serving in the legislature, I provide a very important perspective to the legislature helping our students and families have ample opportunites to learn and grow. I will continue to be a hard worker and strong leader for our community thanks to your support! I am proud to be endorsed by teachers, your firefighters, the 11th District Democrats, and many more. Contact (425) 390-4527; [email protected]; www.steve4house.com State Senator | District 30 | 4-year term 51

Mark Claire Miloscia Wilson (Prefers Republican Party) (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience State Senator 2014-present; State Representative, 99-13; Federal Way School Board 2011 - present; Vice President Commissioner, Lakehaven Utility District, 96-99 and Legislative Liaison 2015 - 2017; President 2017 - present Other Professional Experience Other Professional Experience Substitute Teacher with Auburn, FW Public, and Catholic 35 year educator in classrooms working on family Schools; Volunteer Examiner (auditor) for the Baldrige engagement, early learning administration, and governance; National Quality Program; USAF B-52 Pilot; Tacoma Goodwill WIC Project Director; small business owner. It’s been my Director. life’s work to help children, young parents, and immigrant Education families learn and succeed. BS, Engineering, USAF Academy; MBA, University ND; MS, Education Clinical Psychology, Chapman University Washington State University; University of Northern Colorado Community Service Community Service FW Boys and Girls Club Board; Lake Dolloff PTA VP; FW Extensive volunteer experience in South King County Community Caregiving Network Board President; Recipient including PTA, Mentor and Me Program, Sidekick Collective, of: Auburn Chamber’s Legislator of the Year Award, Washington State School Directors Association, Citizens The Performance Excellence Award; Coalition for Open for Federal Way Schools, Building Better Futures Board, Government’s Ballard-Thompson Award; King County Washington Family Engagement Trust. Family Coalition/Arc of King County Award; Housing Hero Statement Award I have spent my career helping children and families access Statement education and opportunity. As a classroom educator, family I am honored to serve you as your State Senator. I will engagement manager, early learning administrator, and continue to work across party lines to improve our schools, School Board Director, I’ve helped Federal Way and other cut government waste, and increase accountability. We must regional schools improve graduation rates and expand fight for real improvement and results in the dysfunctional career training and college preparedness. homeless and drug abuse programs that currently threaten We need legislators with that same commitment to helping our community’s safety. We can be both compassionate people - whether children and parents seeking quality and competent helping those in need, while cutting high education and affordable housing, or seniors in need of safe property taxes and car tabs that hurt seniors, families, and neighborhoods and tax relief. Instead, we’ve got partisanship small businesses. and finger pointing. We need change in the State Senate to As Senator, I helped pass ground-breaking legislation that get better results for our families and communities. cut college tuition and local property taxes, passed family I’ve never run for partisan office; I’m focused on our families sick leave, fully funded public schools, and insured equal and priorities, not special interests. With your vote, I’ll work pay for women. This year, I loudly opposed both party’s to fully fund education, expand early learning programs, leaders and helped defeat efforts to hide legislative records fight for health care access and affordability, pass gun laws from the public. that keep our schools and neighborhoods safe, prioritize Meschell and I raised our three children and helped raise our South King County transportation and transit projects, and grandchildren here in south King County. Our community, invest in real solutions for the complex crises of addiction and your family’s future prosperity and safety are my top and homelessness - without the harmful new taxes on local priorities. We need effective, bipartisan solutions that join families and businesses. labor and businesses together and unite communities, rather I’m proudly endorsed by Washington Conservation Voters, than the dangerous and ineffective policies and higher taxes Planned Parenthood Votes, Federal Way Mayor Jim Ferrell promoted by some in Seattle. and Councilmember Jesse Johnson, and Representatives I would appreciate your vote. Please vote for Experienced, Reeves and Pellicciotti. Compassionate, Common Sense Leadership. Contact Contact (253) 237-4799; [email protected]; (253) 839-7087; [email protected]; markmiloscia.com www.claireforsenate.com 52 State Representative | District 30 Position 1 | 2-year term

Mike Linda Pellicciotti Kochmar (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers GOP Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience Your State Representative since 2016. Not a career 30th District State Representative, Position 1, from 2012 politician. – 2015, Federal Way City Council Member from 1997 – Other Professional Experience 2011, Federal Way Deputy Mayor 2000-2001 & 2004-2005, Fighting to keep our community safe as a state prosecutor Federal Way Mayor 2010, Federal Way Community Council and former King County prosecutor, Mike led cases against 1979. sex trafficking and domestic violence in South King County. Other Professional Experience As Assistant Attorney General, Mike combated elder abuse Nationally Certified Risk Manager (ARM); Association of and corporate healthcare fraud, returning $30 million to Washington Cities Certified Municipal Leader; taxpayers. Education Education B.A. Degree Marylhurst University 1968; Coursework Law Degree (Gonzaga); Master’s (Fulbright Scholar, toward Masters in Public Administration, Seattle University economic development); Bachelor’s (Business) Community Service Community Service Kiwanis Foundation Board, Multi Service Center Federal Way Human Services Commission. Federal Way Board, Communities in Schools Advisory Board, Federal Chamber of Commerce. As Equal Justice Coalition Chair, Way Incorporation Committee. National Catholic Education advocated for homeowners unlawfully foreclosed upon, Association Distinguished Graduate, Soroptomists Women veterans denied benefits, and predatory lending victims. St. of Distinction, 2016 Outstanding Legislator of the Year- Theresa’s Church parishioner. Sewer/Water Association Statement Statement I refuse corporate campaign contributions because I work As your former State Representative, Federal Way City for you, not special interests. I’m leading the fight to lower Council Member, and Federal Way Mayor, I have served your car tabs by $780 million. I voted against all property you, the citizens of the 30th District, with integrity and tax increases and voted for property tax cuts. dedication for almost two decades. We must reform government. I was one of only 14 Politics has become too divisive. I am running because the representatives who voted against the Legislature’s problems facing our district and state cry out for action and attempt to hide public records. I passed a law to get “dark common-sense solutions. I am deeply concerned about money” out of politics, and I’m fighting to close the lobbyist higher taxes, crime prevention, job creation, improving “revolving door.” The son of educators and endorsed by the our schools, affordable housing, and traffic congestion. State Labor Council, I’ll always put our working families’ When I am elected, my heart and soul, my experience and needs first. determination will represent you our hard working families! Contact I ask for your vote. (253) 237-2838; [email protected]; Contact www.electmikep.com (253) 839-7419; [email protected]; LindaKochmar.com State Representative | District 30 Position 2 | 2-year term 53

Kristine M. Mark Reeves Greene (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers G.O.P. Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience Proudly serving my first term as your State Representative. I’ve been active in politics, intermittently, for 42 years; I’m a Other Professional Experience politician, but have no elected experience. Currently serving as the Director of Economic Development Other Professional Experience for the Military and Defense sector for the State of U.S. Marine Corps (Veteran), 1972 - 1974; Legal Assistant Washington’s Department of Commerce. Kristine also for two decades; have priorly worked for law firms or owns a small, Federal Way-based business. independently. Education Education High School Diploma, Moses Lake High School; Bachelor’s Inver Hills College, Minnesota, AAS Degree degree, Washington State University (Pullman); Master’s Community Service degree, Gonzaga University (Spokane). Have run the Commoner Local Affairs Committee, under Community Service that or affiliated names, since 2004: helped thousands of Served as Statewide Veterans Constituency Coordinator citizens in Washington with voter registration, government and Kitsap, Olympic & South Sound Regional Director outreach & political affairs. Additionally, organized the Party in Senator Patty Murray’s office. Member, Zeta Phi Beta of Commons shortly thereafter (name’s similar to the House Sorority; Volunteer, March of Dimes. of Commons) -- working politically on behalf of common Statement citizens, as name would indicate. As a working mom and economic developer, Kristine knows Statement how to get the job done. As our state Representative, she The incumbent said she’s not a politician (2016 pamphlet), works tirelessly to expand access to affordable childcare, but I’ve never seen such an orchestrated, grand “puffing improve our public schools, and build a local economy up” of a non-politician’s political acts, like her reported that works for our families. In her day-job, she helps small statement, circa 2014, “We’re not necessarily interested in businesses across the state create and maintain over whether nuclear weapons are good or bad,” while trying to 60,000 jobs for veterans and military families. Whether it’s keep the Sound chock full of them. If anything crystallizes cutting property taxes, creating jobs or funding our schools, differences between us, philosophically, it’s that quote. Kristine puts problem-solving and people over partisanship. Reeves has sponsored multiple “selective morality” bills Endorsed by Senator Patty Murray, Congressman Adam which rational people may disagree on (like her $4 fee- Smith, City Councilmember Jesse Johnson, and many per-attendance for adult erotic dance clubs bill). Contrarily, more. I’ll defend liberty - Constitution - natural rights, which Contact government must respect. (253) 347-6198; [email protected]; Contact ElectKristineReeves.com (253) 838-1838; [email protected]; www.brandnewelections.us 54 State Senator | District 31 | 4-year term

Phil Immaculate Fortunato Ferreria (Prefers Republican Party) (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience 31st District State Senator appointed and elected 2017; After years of community service, this is my first run for 31st District State Representative elected 2016; 47th State Office. I will bring a fresh perspective and bipartisan District State Representative 1998-2000. spirit to the State Legislature. Other Professional Experience Other Professional Experience Environmental training and consulting. International trade Tacoma Urban League; Puget Sound Educational Service in Europe and Asia. Owner of small contracting business. District; Family-owned and operated businesses; Vinum Founding Director and first President of the PNW Erosion Coffee and Wine Lounge, and Soul Restaurant Control Association. Education Education Renton Technical College, A.A.S. Office Technology; Rutgers University, Cook College of Agriculture; Landscape Russell Family Foundation-Jane’s Fellowship Program, Architecture. Community At Work-Facilitation Training Community Service Community Service Phil has been married for 42 years with 5 children, three Community Health Worker Collaboration Coalition –Co- of whom are decorated US Marines. Knights of Columbus Chairperson; Family Support Partnership Advisory Board; - 4th Degree, Sons of Italy, Eagles. Supports community Pierce County Project Access Executive Board of Directors; issues like; Sweats for Vets, Coats for Kids, Special Communities for Families Coalition, Project Child Success, Olympics, Project Rachel. Children’s Alliance, Washington State Parent Ambassador Statement Statement As your Senator, I am proud to have introduced Born and raised on a small family farm in the Sumner Constitutional Amendments to Ban an Income Tax (SJR Valley, I appreciate the challenges and opportunities in our 8204) and Protect our Right to Hunt and Fish (SJR 8206) rural communities. As an advocate for equity, I’ve worked and to have sponsored legislation to reduce or eliminate in Olympia to make a difference and understand the property taxes for seniors on fixed incomes. I will fight legislature and public policy from the ground up. against more taxes on your income and the out-of-control As your State Senator, I will bring a style of leadership that property taxes and will fight a mileage tax with my dying is inclusive, compassionate, and collaborative. I will ensure breath. I am leading the efforts to rein in Sound Transit that your voice is heard at the State Capitol. I am prepared gouging people on our car tabs and will work to give us an to reach across party lines to enact practical solutions that elected Sound Transit Board, to allow our communities to will improve the quality of life for all residents of the 31st opt out of ST3, and to force Sound Transit to go back to the Legislative District. people when projects are over budget. As a small business owner, I recognize when our small I am a member of the Veterans and Military Affairs businesses succeed our entire community benefits. I Committee, and the father of three US Marines, and I know understand the value of your hard-earned tax dollars, the importance of supporting veterans. and have a clear set of priorities for our district. I will I will fight against the constant efforts to limit our gun rights focus on public safety, protection of our environment, and and to fight to make sure your tax dollars are spent wisely. ensuring that residents have access to equal educational I ask for your continued support to fight for your rights and opportunities. I will work diligently for residents of the 31st prosperity, and against more taxes and endless government District to ensure state government meets its responsibility growth. to help our citizens lead healthy and productive lives. Contact Please cast your vote for positive change. I humbly ask for (253) 680-9545; [email protected]; your support. Thank you. www.VoteFortunato.org Contact (253) 391-6138; [email protected]; www.votersforimmaculate.com State Representative | District 31 Position 1 | 2-year term 55

Drew Victoria Stokesbary Mena (Prefers Republican Party) (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience State Representative, 2015-present (Minority Floor Leader; I am a first time candidate Assistant Ranking Member on House Appropriations Other Professional Experience Committee; member of House Finance and Education Policy Director and Development Strategist for Colectiva Committees) Legal del Pueblo. Policy lead with the Washington Immigrant Other Professional Experience Solidarity Network. Policy researcher and teaching assistant Managing Attorney at Stokesbary PLLC (advising startups at the University of Washington, and research assistant at and small businesses on corporate and securities law Harvard University. matters) Education Education Master of Public Policy and Governance, Evans School J.D., cum laude, University of Notre Dame; B.S. in at the University of Washington; BA in Political Science, Economics, Duke University minor in Family, Youth and Community Science, University Community Service of Florida. Member of Auburn Valley YMCA Board of Directors, Office Community Service of Civil Legal Aide Oversight Committee, and Financial Long time volunteer for multiple nonprofits. Co-founder Education Public-Private Partnership; United Way VITA of the Washington Immigrant Solidarity Network, Friends volunteer tax preparer; provider of pro bono legal counsel of Adelanto Detainees, Gainesville Interfaith Alliance for to local nonprofits Immigrant Justice and the Florida Immigrant Youth Network. Statement Statement I’m honored to represent you in Olympia and am running During the past ten years of working in the non-profit and for reelection to keep the Legislature’s focus on issues private sectors, I have witnessed working people and the that matter to our community: a strong economy, excellent poor ignored and left behind by government time and time education, and safe neighborhoods. again. Every person deserves a living wage, good schools, I’ve helped defeat billions of dollars in new taxes so quality healthcare, and safe communities. families can keep more of their money. Instead of higher As your representative in Olympia, I will fight for you, taxes, we should better prioritize spending, which is why your family and our communities, as I have fought for our I’ve consistently advocated to send public schools our first immigrant, homeless and LGBTQI communities. As your dollar, not our last dime. Lastly, I’ve led the fight to keep State Representative, I am determined to strengthen public heroin injection sites out of our community and won’t stop education, fight for affordable healthcare and housing, until they are as illegal as heroin itself. ensure we have a strong economy and address climate Contact change. (253) 501-1756; [email protected]; Contact drewstokesbary.com (253) 332-1659; [email protected]; www.victoriamena.org 56 State Representative | District 31 Position 2 | 2-year term

Morgan Mark Irwin Boswell (Prefers Republican Party) (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience Elected to the State House of Representatives 2017. Prior First time running for State Representative. to that I served on the Enumclaw City Council (2014-2017). Other Professional Experience Other Professional Experience Active duty as officer in US Navy for 6+ years and retired Northwest Farm Credit Services-Capital Markets Division; from US Naval Reserve. 30 years as an engineer (SPEEA) The Foundation Group- Commercial Broker; Columbia and project manager Bank- Commercial Loan Officer; Seattle Police Department- Education Patrol Officer BS Mechanical Engineering, US Naval Academy (Annapolis); Education Variety of post graduate courses in systems engineering, Bachelor’s of Science in Agricultural Business from project management and data resource management Washington State University Community Service Community Service Assisted in educational activities, Home Owner Association Farm Bureau, FFA Alumni Association, Cascade Foothills Officer, Grange member and officer and active in Democratic Soccer Coach, Knights of Columbus. Married 10 years with Party for 31st LD since 2000 in numerous positions 3 children under the age of 8. Statement Statement I have lived and raised a family in the 31st LD over the last As your Representative, I have expanded protections for 30 years. I am running for State Representative because victims of sexual assault, voted to expand access to mental I feel a deep commitment to the people of this district. health services, fought to lower our out-of-control car tabs Our children and grandchildren deserve opportunities costs, and sponsored a bill to exempt hardworking parents to create their future both within our district, but also from paying sales tax on school supplies. anywhere their vision and effort takes them. This requires But we still face many hurdles in state government. I quality infrastructure, a healthy environment, good will continue prioritizing a world-class education for our public education, and many solid small and medium size children, efficient transportation systems that give families businesses. The state government should help provide more time at home, keeping our communities safe by these, including a leveling of the tax and regulation playing supporting our first responders, and fighting crippling and field between small/medium firms and large corporations. unnecessary tax increases. I would be honored to have Contact your vote! (253) 545-1297; [email protected]; Contact www.votemarkboswell.com (509) 339-3363; [email protected]; www.MorganForWashington.com State Senator | District 33 | 4-year term 57

Karen Kun Keiser Wang (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers Ind. Republican Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience Current State Senator, 33rd Legislative District No information submitted Other Professional Experience Other Professional Experience Communications Director, Washington State Labor Council, Local Business Owner; Owned and Managed Restaurants; Journalist and news producer at KMGH-TV, KSTW-TV Import/Export Manager KGW-TV, Trustee Highine College Education Education No information submitted Graduate of Rancho Alamitos High School, Garden Grove, Community Service CA., Earned BA from University of California, Berkeley with No information submitted Bachelor’s in Political Science and Master’s in Journalism. Phi Beta Kappa Attended John F. Kennedy Schoo, Harvard Statement University, Executive Education Program. Kun Wang (known as Kwan to his friends and family) was born in Sing Tao, China and became a US Citizen in 2011. Community Service Understanding business at a young age, Kwan opened and I serve on the Judson Park Retirement Community Advisory managed his first restaurant at 23. Kwan is self-employed Board, the Board of the Economic Opportunity Institute, and operates a family business. Kwan lives in Des Moines as a member of the Highline AAUW branch and of Grace is married and has a little boy. Lutheran Church in Des Moines. Kwan’s story is an American story—he believes you’ll be Statement successful if you’re willing to take the risks, do the work, I ask for your support to re-elect me to the state Senate and keep smiling. It is the American Dream, and despite because I work hard for you and always put the concerns rumors of its demise, it’s alive and well. of my constituents first. As Chair of the Senate Labor and Commerce committee, I focus on ways to improve the lives Kwan is running because he feels the American dream is of working families in our communities. It was a privilege threatened and is slipping away for so many. Not because to negotiate and adopt the Equal Pay Act this year, to pass they aren’t working hard, but because government is the best paid Family and Medical Leave Insurance program passing policies that put communities at risk. High property in the country last year, and to pass bills expanding taxes, job taxes, inflated car tabs and tolls are driving folks apprenticeship opportunities to provide good jobs for our to the point they can’t afford to live in our community. youth. Kwan will fight against higher taxes and he will get tough As a member of the Senate budget committee, it’s an on the homelessness crisis that’s devastating so many. honor to help find funding for the Des Moines marina, the Kwan will not treat businesses as a public enemy but as Kent YMCA, the new Glacier middle school in SeaTac and job creators that must be nurtured to help put more people new classrooms at Highline College. to work. I also have real concern for our seniors, including long term Contact care issues. Washington state is rated first in the nation (209) 237-9127; [email protected] because we have created and funded a high-quality system of home care and services for seniors. I will continue to fight for senior services and security. With your vote I will continue to help our communities strive for good jobs, excellent education, health care and housing. Contact (206) 399-0801; [email protected]; www.karenkeiser.org 58 State Representative | District 33 Position 1 | 2-year term

Tina L. Orwall Unopposed (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience State Representative, Speaker/Deputy Speaker Pro- Tempore, serving on Public Safety, Higher Education, Veterans’ and Military Affairs, Judiciary and Rules Committees. Other Professional Experience Adjunct Instructor, University of Washington; Consultant/ grant writer; 20 years experience working with local, state, and federal agencies and foundations. Focus on promoting use of innovative and best practices to help government be more responsive and effective addressing the needs of our community. Education Master’s Degree, Social Work Administration, University of Washington; Bachelor’s of Psychology, University of Washington Community Service NCSL Task Force on Military & Veterans Affairs Co-chair, Kent Chamber, Judson Retirement Community Board, United Way Impact Council Statement Orwall’s intellectual curiousity and hard work make her one of the strongest lawmakers in Olympia- Seattle Times, 9/15/14. Tina works collaboratively to find solutions to complex issues including suicide prevention, child trafficking, foreclosure, and student loan debt. Her legislation requiring rape kit testing and tracking has been nationally recognized. She has secured resources to address airport impacts including air quality and noise. In addition, she is currently advocating for property tax relief. I am honored to serve you in Olympia. With your help I will continue supporting our veterans, those most in need, and opportunity for all. Contact (206) 409-3038; [email protected]; www.electtinaorwall.com State Representative | District 33 Position 2 | 2-year term 59

Mia Su-Ling Anthony L. Gregerson Lamb (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers Republican Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience Mia served on the SeaTac City Council and as SeaTac After many years of living here, I’m running for office as Mayor. She has served two terms in the State House of a first time candidate because I’m concerned about the Representatives growing problems in our district and state Other Professional Experience Other Professional Experience Over 20 years of experience as a mid-level care provider Employed Full-Time providing technical assistance in the and a business manager in the dental field. aerospace industry. I’ve learned to work as a team and get Education things done. Previously, I was an independent contractor, A.A., Business, Highline College; B.A., History, University so I understand what business owners need. of Washington. Education Community Service Pacific Lutheran University, B.S. in Biology She spends much of her time visiting constituents, Community Service community based groups and business partners to learn Currently, I’m the PCO for my precinct in Kent. I’m also an about regional and local issues. active member at my church, River of Life Fellowship. Statement Statement I believe my job is focusing on the basics: championing Are you fed up with higher property taxes and car tab fees? public schools, making our economy work for I am too and will also vote against the job-killing Head Tax families, improving transportation and ensuring Olympia and state income tax. is accountable with your tax dollars. That’s why I helped It would be nice to add a state holiday on Good Friday. pass “Breakfast after the Bell” so kids aren’t hungry at I support School Choice for parents wanting a better school, voted for new transportation investments including education for their children. This can be done at a lower finishing 509, increased civic participation by sponsoring cost to taxpayers. We need family friendly policies. More the Voting RIghts Act, passed a bill to give families more needs to be done about the drug addiction, homelessness, child care options, and secured funding for the new Kent and violent crime in our communities. I’m asking for your YMCA, Crime Victim Compensation Program. vote, because you deserve better results. Endorsed: State Labor Council, Congressmember Adam Contact Smith, Councilmember Dave Upthegrove and more... [email protected]; Contact www.AnthonyLamb2018.com (206) 795-1950; [email protected]; www.peopleformia.org 60 State Senator | District 37 | 4-year term

Rebecca Beth Saldaña Broadway (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers Republican Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience 37th LD State Senator since 2016. Majority Whip and Vice- No information submitted Chair, Transportation Committee. Ranking Member, Labor Other Professional Experience & Commerce and State Government, Tribal Relations & Internationally renowned Hebrew teacher of hundreds of Elections. students ages 4 to 84 Other Professional Experience Education Former Executive Director, Puget Sound Sage; Community Earned MA in Jewish History, Hebrew University of Liaison, Congressman Jim McDermott; and Union Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, 2014 Organizer, SEIU Local 6 Community Service Education Volunteers in various Seattle-area synagogues BA, Theology and Humanities, Seattle University Statement Community Service Beth Broadway is a centrist candidate who stands for Board member with the Rainier Beach Action Coalition and restoring common sense and fiscal responsibility. If elected the Fair Work Center. Formerly served as a board member she will work to ban Head Taxes and reduce car tabs and of the Alliance for Jobs and Clean Energy and the Latino property taxes. Economic growth depends on more job Community Fund of Washington. opportunities, not less. Statement Beth believes that rewriting the state budget will allow I am honored to represent our diverse and vibrant community current tax money to be used more efficiently to fund in Olympia. I grew up in Delridge and raise my family in education, parks, vital road repairs, and law enforcement. Rainier Beach – I am deeply connected to our community Mental health/ addiction treatment is a more effective and committed to ensuring everyone has a strong voice. way to solve homelessness than continuing to fund failed As your State Senator, I have advocated for economic, programs. Beth backs the enforcement of existing drug, social and racial justice. This session, with our Democratic gun, camping, and vandalism laws. majority, I led the fight to increase voting rights, address Beth proposes moving our primary dates to earlier in sexual harassment in the workplace and improve gun the year, so that we receive a valid voice in selecting safety. presidential candidates. She supports equal rights and I am proud of the work we have accomplished, but there is religious freedom for every person. She opposes deporting so much more to do. My priorities are to focus on affordable law-abiding DACA residents, illegal state income taxes, housing, a transportation system that works for all of us, “safe injection sites,” and illegal I-405 tolling. and a fair economy that holds the wealthiest among us Beth’s opponent voted no four times on $1 billion in property accountable. tax relief and refused to fix dishonest car tab values. Beth I look forward to working with you to move our community will be a Senator who takes care of the people’s biggest - and our state - forward. Thank you for your support. I am concerns rather than ignoring them. Please exercise your proudly endorsed by: Lt. Governor Cyrus Habib, Senator democratic rights and vote for Beth Broadway. Manka Dhingra, Seattle City Attorney Pete Holmes, the Contact 37th Legislative District Democrats, King County Young (206) 643-3857; [email protected]; Democrats, the Washington State Labor Council, the broadwayforsenate.org Alliance for Gun Responsibility, Washington Conservation Voters, Planned Parenthood Votes, and many more listed on my website. Contact (206) 823-1956; [email protected]; www.rebeccasaldana.com State Representative | District 37 Position 1 | 2-year term 61

Sharon Tomiko Santos Unopposed (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Washington State Representative, 37th District, Position 1 (1998-present) Other Professional Experience Previous work experience in the banking industry, on staff to local public elected officials including Mike Lowry and Gary Locke, and in senior management positions for non- profit organizations. Education B.A., The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA; M.A., Northeastern University, Boston, MA Community Service Church Council of Greater Seattle, King County Women’s Political Caucus, Puget Sound Public Radio (KUOW 94.9 FM), United Way of King County Seattle Community Council, Wing Luke Asian Museum, YMCA Youth and Government Statement I am honored to serve our diverse communities where I learned that our nation’s founding ideals require careful attention and constant vigilance to flourish. This is why I am committed to improving public education for all students, creating an economy that benefits everyone, and safeguarding our universal civil rights. I champion efforts to raise equity and excellence for students and schools. I believe in affirmative action to create equal opportunities. I hold public agencies accountable for protecting our privacy and us. I am proud to represent these 37th District principles and ask for the continued privilege to represent you. Contact (206) 326-9042; [email protected] 62 State Representative | District 37 Position 2 | 2-year term

Eric Tamra Pettigrew Smilanich (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers Independent Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience Elected to Washington State House of Representatives, Neighborhood Association Chair, Precinct Officer, Past November 2002-Present; Majority Caucus Chair, Legislative District Chair, Past Legislative District Caucus 2011-Present Chair Other Professional Experience Other Professional Experience Policy Specialist, The Children’s Alliance; Deputy Chief Contractor in public and private schools. Negotiator of of Staff for Public Safety, Mayor Norman Rice; Director of housing contracts. Worked for Parks and Recreation; Emergency Management, City of Seattle Atlantic Street Center (non profit). Business Manager. Education Education Oregon State University – BS, Sociology, Counseling BA Sociology and Social Welfare UW, AAS Shoreline Psychology; University of Washington – MSW, Business Community College with criminal justic emphasis. Educated Administration Certification on Agenda 21 and Redevelopment Vision 2040. Training Community Service in Code of Ethics, Energy Star; Green Energy; Sustainable 2016 Public Citizen of the Year – National Association of Development, WA Building Code Council Social Workers-WA Chapter; 2011 Angels in Adoption Community Service Award; Board member, ACT Theatre; 2009 Champion for Community board member; courtsey citizen tour docent of Children Award, Children’s Alliance; President, Rainier State Legislature, volunteer educator of civil/constituional Chamber of Commerce; 2007 Urban League Spirit Award; rights, interscholastic athletics coach/official, citizen Ike Ikeda Public Service Award respondent in government hearings. Statement Statement As your State Representative, I put the interests of the I agree with Democrats; Education, Transportation, Wages people in our district above all else. I supported legislation are important; there are better solutions though. School to fully-fund all public education and make college curriculum should teach Absolutes-“Common Core” affordable because all students deserve a real opportunity erodes this. I support “Lessons Taught” to students rather to succeed. I’m working to make housing affordable, transit than “Testing to Remember”. better, and grow jobs in our district, for our district. I’ll keep Why are legislators voting to take money from the poor, listening to you and fighting for what’s right, no matter what again? I don’t support road user fees-this hurts a large special interests say. I’m determined to make everyday life percentage of our population. Olympia has assisted Electric easier and the future brighter for everyone in this district. Companies to implement peak hour rates on you Smart I’m honored to serve you and I ask for your vote. Meters will do this. State Income Tax Dream=Individuals Contact with money Can Dontate to State Fund that helps others. (206) 979-5999; [email protected]; hdcc.org Your choice for better solutions, vote with vision! Contact (253) 880-9200; [email protected] State Representative | District 41 Position 1 | 2-year term 63

Tana Tim Senn Cruickshank (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers Republican Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience State Representative 41st Legislative District, former First-time candidate for the legislature. Mercer Island City Councilmember Other Professional Experience Other Professional Experience Honorably served 25 years as a highly decorated US Navy Twenty years experience as a communications and SEAL and Medical Service Corp Officer, retiring at the government relations professional for nonprofits and rank of Lieutenant Commander. Liaison to NATO Special foundations Operations Forces, Head Quarters. Officer in Charge and Education Navy Dean to the Joint Special Operations Medical Training Master of Public Policy and Administration from Columbia Center. University. Bachelor’s in education from Washington Education University in St. Louis. Graduate of Kennedy Catholic High School. Bachelor of Community Service Science and Masters of Physician Assistant Studies from Hopelink board member. Served on Island Park Elementary the University of Nebraska. Bachelor of Science from PTA, Mercer Island Youth and Family Services Foundation, Regents College, NY. Jewish Federation of Greater Seattle, and National Breast Community Service Cancer Coalition boards. Legislative Representative on Eastside Catholic Booster Club, Mercer Island VFW, the State Building Code Council. Children’s Mental Health Advisor to NSW Kids and Stronger Families (Non-profit), Workgroup Co-Chair. Board member of the National Veteran Advocate. Association of Jewish Legislators. Statement Statement Politicians claim they need to continually increase your I’ve served as your state representative to help make taxes but tax fatigue is taking its toll - car tabs for ST3, life better for families. With two kids in public schools, I 10% sales tax, increasing property taxes, threats of an know the importance of high-quality education from early income tax and now a head tax. Lack of results, fiscal learning through higher education. My recently passed mismanagement, and identity politics are polarizing and equal pay legislation will have a positive impact on women endangering our state. Enough is enough. There is an urgent and families. Expanding children’s mental health in schools need for proven, disciplined leadership on issues facing the and reducing gun violence are issues I will continue to Eastside: quality schools, reducing traffic, support for small champion. I ask for your vote to again represent you and businesses and lower taxes. I’m running to be your next your family in Olympia. Endorsed by NARAL, Alliance for state legislator because we need mission focused, goal Gun Responsibility, King County Realtors, Washington driven positive disruption in Olympia. Conversation Voters, State Labor Council, Dow Constantine, Contact more... (425) 442-7569; [email protected]; Contact www.votecruickshank.com (206) 369-1253; [email protected]; ElectTanaSenn.org 64 State Representative | District 41 Position 2 | 2-year term

My-Linh Michael Thai Appleby (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers Republican Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience President, Bellevue School District Board; Vice President, Precinct Committee Officer Washington State School Board Directors Association Other Professional Experience Other Professional Experience Current Small Business Owner; Retired Regional Vice Pharmacist; built Wyoming first pediatric neurology practice President, Prudential Financial, 19 years; Machinist, 11 from the ground up; Refugee Advocate, King County Public years, UAW. Health; Instructor, Viet-nam Nursing Master Program Education Education University of Bridgeport, CT, Bachelor of Science, Business BS, Pharmacy, University of Washington; Federal Way High Economics, Finance minor; BH Technical High School. School Community Service Community Service Board Member, Tillicum Middle School PTA; President, Board of Directors, Vietnamese Scholarship Foundation; Cougar Crest HOA; supporter and volunteer for local School Board Liaison: Bellevue School Foundation, non-profit groups, including Jubilee Reach. Charitable YouthLink, Eastside Pathways; recipient, Washington State activity: Childhaven, Imagine Housing, Hopelink, Eastside PTA Outstanding Advocate Award Academy, Vision House, Union Gospel Mission. Statement Statement As a young Vietnamese refugee, I learned the value of hard Our families deserve the best quality of life at a price work from my parents and the importance of education everyone can afford, with an education system for our from outstanding teachers. As Bellevue School Board children second to none. That requires transparency, President, I strive to give every child opportunities to reach government efficiency, and a commitment to equality. It their full potential. also requires active leadership, which comes from firsthand As your Representative, I will seek equitable school funding, experience. As a member of the Tillicum PTA Board, I see advance Public Health and safety, and bring innovative the critical needs in our schools. As a businessperson, I solutions to address traffic, affordability and our regressive value a transportation system that keeps traffic moving. tax code. Sole Endorsements: 41st LD Democrats; King With a family of my own, I know what’s required to live County Democrats; NARAL Pro-Choice WA; Attorney within a budget. I commit to these shared values, and I ask General Bob Ferguson; Senators Wellman and Dhingra; for your vote. former Representative Maxwell; County Councilmember Contact Balducci; local elected leaders; and many more! (425) 623-0330; [email protected]; Contact www.voteappleby.com (425) 749-1864; [email protected]; www.my-linhthai.com State Senator | District 47 | 4-year term 65

Joe Mona Fain Das (Prefers Republican Party) (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience State Senate (elected 2010) I’m not a career politician – I was inspired to run for office Other Professional Experience for the first time this year to step up and help make our Healthcare attorney; Economic Development Director, community the best place to live, work, and raise a family. University of Washington (CoMotion); Deputy Prosecutor, Other Professional Experience King County; Adjunct Political Science Faculty, Highline Founder of MOXY Mortgage, a mortgage business located College; Chief of Staff, King County District 7 in Renton focused on educating and empowering first- Education time homebuyers and connecting people with affordable MBA, JD; Seattle University; BA; University of Washington housing opportunities. Community Service Education Boards: Sports in Schools; Auburn Youth Resources B.A., Psychology, University of Cincinatti; MBA, Presidio (Nexus); Auburn Public Schools Foundation, and others; Graduate School Awards: Spirit of Community, Kent PTA; Transportation Community Service Champion, Association of Washington Cities; Legislator of Former Boardmember, Women’s Business Exchange; the Year - Humane Society, Metropolitan Police & Sheriffs, Former Boardmember, Women’s Network for a Sustainable Kent Chamber; Champion for Children, Children’s Alliance; Future Crayon Award, Early Learning Alliance; Sunshine Award, Statement League of Women Voters; Leader on Developmental I run a mortgage business that works with families all over Disabilities, ARC. South King County. Over 40 percent of my customers are Statement first time homebuyers. For many of these families, their first My wife, Steffanie, and I just welcomed our second child home will be the investment that lifts them into the middle and we know families like ours need safe, affordable class. But I’ve also seen the impact that rising housing communities with strong schools and reasonable taxes. costs have on our community and how it’s harder and As a former coach and the son of two educators, I realize harder for families to make ends meet. our schools need both the resources to help every child My opponent voted for big property tax increases in 2017, succeed and the accountability to make sure our tax dollars then voted against the plan in 2018 to reduce them. His plan are spent efficiently. I’ve helped lead the largest investment hurt new homeowners and seniors on fixed incomes. I’m in schools in state history while lowering tuition at our state running for Senate because working families and seniors in colleges. South King County deserve a champion in Olympia. I am supported by Independents, Democrats, Republicans, We’ll create jobs in South King County so people can work business and labor groups because I listen to and respect here instead of commute to Seattle, ease traffic congestion everyone regardless of party affiliation. Together, we’ve so we spend less time in traffic and more time with our increased access to family leave, expanded our freeways families, and keep housing affordable as skyrocketing and transit options, built local parks, and passed a 4-year prices continue to creep into South King County. I’m balanced budget reform to force government to prioritize excited to be your voice and your advocate in Olympia as its most important duties while pushing back against the your next Senator. continual call for higher taxes. Yet there is more work ahead Endorsed by Win With Women, Senator Karen Keiser, to reduce traffic, control property and car tab taxes, and Sheriff Mitzi Johanknecht, Planned Parenthood Votes, King keep our communities and families safe. I’m asking for your County Young Democrats, and more. vote to continue this important work. Please contact me and let me know how I can serve you better! Contact (503) 419-8010; [email protected]; Contact www.electmona.com (253) 293-5633; [email protected]; www.votefain.com/ 66 State Representative | District 47 Position 1 | 2-year term

Mark Debra Hargrove Entenman (Prefers Republican Party) (Prefers Democratic Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience State Representative 2011 – Present First-time candidate with a long history of community Other Professional Experience advocacy. United States Air Force (8 years) – Transport Pilot, Math Other Professional Experience Instructor USAF Academy Prep School. The Boeing For 12 years, Debra has worked in South King County Company (31 years) – Flight Training Instructor and 737, for U.S. Representative Adam Smith. Currently, District 747, 757, 767, 777, 787 Instructor Pilot, Founding Member Director, Debra has worked her way up by holding a and Secretary/Treasurer of the Boeing Instructor Pilots variety of roles including community outreach and policy Union development. Education Education Bachelor of Science in Engineering Mechanics, United Bachelor’s Degree, Seattle University. States Air Force Academy Community Service Community Service Appointed to Renton Technical College Board of Directors Terry Home board member (traumatic brain injuries), Lake by Governor Inslee in 2015. Member of the Urban League Sawyer Christian Church, Bible Study Fellowship and of Metropolitan Seattle. Previously served on the boards of Young Life leader, Prison Fellowship, Make a Difference Neighborhood House and Kent Youth & Family Services. Day, PTSA, classroom volunteer, math tutor, Kent Parks Statement coach, personally visited 51,000 homes in our community I’ve dedicated my career to serving our South King Statement County communities. I believe that everyone deserves the Mark has been married to Sandy for 39 years, 31 of those opportunity to succeed. That opportunity starts with strong in this community, has two married daughters and five public schools, a growing economy that supports small grandchildren. He’s passionate that parents have excellent businesses, property tax relief, and better transportation school choices, preparing their children for careers or systems. I bring the experience necessary to ensure that all affordable higher education. His mission is to build hope of our voices are heard in Olympia. and opportunities for our families. As your Representative, I’ll work every day to ensure that Mark is adamant about reining in out-of-control car tab all of our voices are represented on policies that impact fees, gas taxes and tolling and insists property taxes our lives. I ask for your vote. Endorsed by Senator Patty decrease as promised. He is committed to ensuring Murray, Congressman Adam Smith, Washington State businesses have every opportunity to thrive, keeping you Labor Council, and many more. employed, spending your own money. Call Mark’s personal Contact cell (253)632-0736 anytime. (206) 375-6298; [email protected]; Contact www.electdebraentenman.com (253) 632-0736; [email protected]; www.MarkHargrove.org State Representative | District 47 Position 2 | 2-year term 67

Pat Ted Sullivan Cooke (Prefers Democratic Party) (Prefers Republican Party)

Elected Experience Elected Experience Pat has served as a City Councilmember and Mayor of PCO 2009 to present, COV 3244, COV 1127; previous Covington and currently is our State Representative in director Timberlane Home Owners Association, Covington. Olympia. He was elected by his peers to serve as House Other Professional Experience Majority Leader. Senior Software Tester, Lab Manager Other Professional Experience Education Pat has experience as a legislative assistant at the local, Bachelor of Theology, Beacon University, 2000 regional and state level. He also served as chair of his local economic development commission. Community Service Past director for Portable Academic Lapdesk (African Education education non-profit), Generational Hope Church Young Pat has a BA from the University of Washington. Adults Leader; Earth Day volunteer; short term missions Community Service including: building a school in Waspam, Nicaragua, college Pat has a long history of involvement in his community instruction in Suva, Fiji, cleanup on the Colville Indian serving as a youth sports coach, PTA President, service Reservation; past volunteer for charities including: Vine organization member and on a number of community and Maple Place women’s shelter, Union Gospel Mission, Maple nonprofit organization boards. Valley Food Bank; former Royal Ranger leader, former WSU Statement Women’s Intramural Football Coach. Pat Sullivan is running for State Representative because Statement he has a sincere commitment to making government more Devoted husband, father of five, senior software tester and efficient, effective and accountable. He refuses to send 30+ year community volunteer. I’ve known the poverty of taxpayer funded newsletters and opposes out of state travel starting out and prosperity of working to see dreams come and junkets. Pat’s leadership was crucial to improving our true. I’m putting lessons learned to work for you. education system and funding our schools. He continues I support education choice for parents, charters and fighting to lower property taxes and B&O taxes for small vouchers; right to work for workers; only one state business businesses. tax, based on profitability; new roads and congestion Pat believes that leadership means working with members relief over boutique rail; two thirds majority to raise taxes; of both parties to solve problems and not being afraid to cross-state insurance competition; eliminating road tolling; say no to your friends. Innovation, common sense and a second amendment rights; protecting all human life; bipartisan approach is how he gets things done. expanding conventional energy; equal treatment under the Contact law. (253) 740-6772; [email protected]; Contact www.votepatsullivan.com (206) 779-8495; [email protected]; www.tedcooke.org 68

Judicial Qualifications & Responsibilities Washington judges are nonpartisan. Judicial candidates must be in good standing to practice law in Washington and are prohibited from statements that appear to commit them on legal issues that may come before them in court. Judges must be registered Washington voters.

State Supreme Court Justice The Washington Supreme Court is the highest judiciary in the state. State Supreme Court justices hear appeals and decide cases from Courts of Appeals and other low- er courts. Nine justices are elected statewide to serve six-year terms. Court of Appeals Judge Court of Appeals judges hear appeals from Superior Courts. A total of 22 judges serve three divisions headquartered in Seattle, Tacoma, and Spokane. Each division is further split into three districts. Court of Appeals judges serve six-year terms. Superior Court Judge Superior Courts hear felony criminal cases, civil matters, divorces, juvenile cases, and appeals from the lower courts. Superior Courts are organized by county into 30 districts. Superior Court judges serve four-year terms.

Candidate statements are printed exactly as submitted. The Office of the Secretary of State does not make corrections of any kind or verify statements for truth or fact. Supreme Court Justice | Position 2 | 6-year term 69

Susan Owens Unopposed (Nonpartisan)

Legal/Judicial Experience Washington State Supreme Court Justice; former District Court Judge, Western Clallam County; former Chief Judge, Quileute Tribe; former Chief Judge, Lower Elwha S’Klallam Tribe Other Professional Experience Member, Rules Committee, Bench-Bar-Press Committee, and the Board for Judicial Administration Education BA, Duke University; JD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Community Service Justice Owens has trained judges nationally from Anchorage to Albuquerque on domestic violence issues, and participated in the writing of the Northwest Tribal Judges Domestic Violence Manual. She has also lectured at the National College of Prosecuting Attorneys’ Domestic Violence Conference, and is committed to this very important area of law. Statement “I bring diverse judicial experience and a commitment to upholding our laws and Constitution to my job as a Supreme Court Justice. I’m a proud, independent voice for common sense rulings that respect our rights and communities.” Supreme Court Justice Susan Owens has served with integrity, independence and a strong commitment to our Constitutional rights. Prior to being elected to the Supreme Court in 2000, Justice Owens served on the Clallam County District Court for nearly two decades. An advocate for crime victims and families, she earned a national reputation teaching judges how to enforce tougher domestic violence laws. One of the most productive Justices, authoring numerous important opinions on complex cases, Justice Owens has served with honor and the respect of her peers. Her plain interpretations of the law are rooted in common sense, free of bias, and seek to respect your rights and privacy. A seasoned judge when she joined the court, she has earned the respect and endorsements of judges statewide, advocates for women, crime victims, working families and law enforcement. Re-elect Justice Susan Owens. Contact (360) 866-6052; [email protected]; www.reelectjusticesusanowens.com 70 Supreme Court Justice | Position 8 | 6-year term

Nathan Steve Choi Gonzalez (Nonpartisan) (Nonpartisan)

Legal/Judicial Experience Legal/Judicial Experience Practicing Attorney since 1999. Licensed in Multiple Current Supreme Court Justice. Ten years as King County Jurisdictions. Practiced in Multiple Countries. Hawaii Superior Court Judge. Former Assistant US Attorney, Supreme Court Annexed Arbitrator from 2003-2009 Domestic Violence Prosecutor, and business lawyer. Other Professional Experience Other Professional Experience Professor of Accounting-Hawaii Business College; Merrill Chair, statewide Access to Justice Board and Interpreter Lynch (Once World’s Largest Brokerage) Midmarkets Commission. Chair, Traveling Court and Court Security Securities Trading Desk; Developed Numerous Real Estate Committees. National instructor on prosecuting international Projects; Housing Association Director; Chief Executive terrorism. State Constitutional Law Instructor at Gonzaga Office (Private Equity/Non-Profit Charitable Organizations) University. Real Estate Principal Broker Education Education JD, UC Berkeley. BA with Honors, Pitzer College. Rotary Juris Doctor and Masters of Business Administration- International Scholar in Economics. Honorary Doctorates University of Hawaii Bachelor’s Degree in Real Estate and from Gonzaga and University of Puget Sound. Accounting-University of Hawaii Community Service Community Service Board member, Washington Leadership Institute, Northwest Donated Numerous Generous Scholarships; Funded Minority Job Fair. Regularly teaches civics in schools across Multiple Missionary/Humanitarian Organizations; Conducted Washington, and mentors students. Free Legal Seminars for Immigrants and other less privileged Statement members of society Justice Steve Gonzalez is a husband and father with a Statement distinguished career serving the people of Washington and The 2 most important qualities of a Judge in order of protecting the integrity of our judicial system. He writes clear importance 1:Fairness 2: Real world experience. Nathan opinions that support our rights and the rule of law. Choi owes no political party or special interest Quid Pro He spent a decade as a King County Superior Court Judge Quo. This is the cause of the current constitutional crisis and earned a reputation as a fierce advocate for judicial in our Nation’s Capital. Why else does one judge rule in access and fairness. As a lawyer, he prosecuted terrorism, opposite of another under identical written laws? I am a hate crimes, and domestic violence. He was also a business Patriot. My allegiance is to you. attorney and regularly did free work for people who could not Nathan Choi is the most experienced candidate to resolve pay. current vital issues in Washington. The housing problem can Justice Gonzalez was named “Outstanding Judge of the Year” be resolved with proper interpretation and implementation by several organizations, including the Washington State Bar. of laws. The Supreme Court is in the special position to He is rated “Exceptionally Well Qualified” by ten professional interpret legislative laws to positively impact the public. and civic organizations, including the Veterans Bar, Joint Asian The Judiciary needs Real World Experience how rulings Bar, and Washington Women Lawyers. affect developers, business, and the public. I have litigated and developed housing and know exactly how they create Justice Gonzalez has bipartisan support. He is endorsed by his or eliminate affordable housing and other legal problems. Supreme Court colleagues, Attorney General Bob Ferguson, former Attorney General Rob McKenna, Congresswomen The Judiciary needs an understanding of economics, tax Pramila Jayapal and Suzan DelBene, former Governor regulations and the ripple effects of their decisions. I am Gary Locke, Secretary of State Kim Wyman, Senator Bob the only candidate who has successfully developed Real Hasegawa, Representative Sharon Tomiko Santos, former Estate and understands the Macro Economics of legal Representative Velma Veloria, former King County Executive decisions and will apply the law without bias and for the Ron Sims, judges statewide; State Labor Council, State Fire benefit of the public. Learn more at WAjudicialwatchdog. Fighters, State Patrol; legislative districts across the state. org. Contact Contact (206) 707-9239; [email protected]; (425) 691-6559; [email protected]; justicegonzalez.com www.nathanchoiforjudge.org Supreme Court Justice | Position 9 | 6-year term 71

Sheryl Gordon McCloud Unopposed (Nonpartisan)

Legal/Judicial Experience Supreme Court Justice since 2012; nearly 30 years as an accomplished trial and appellate lawyer; former adjunct professor, Seattle University School of Law Other Professional Experience Chair, Gender & Justice Commission; member, State Bar Association’s Council on Public Defense; Washington Women Lawyers President’s Award recipient. Prior to service on the Court, recipient of William O. Douglas Award presented by the Washington Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers for “extraordinary courage and dedication” to justice Education J.D., University of Southern California Law Center; B.A., State University of New York at Buffalo, cum laude Community Service Frequent speaker at school, community, and court-related events Statement Justice McCloud was elected to the Supreme Court in 2012 after a long career fighting for constitutional and individual rights, often for people who could not afford a lawyer. Now, she is an experienced Supreme Court Justice. Her fairness, hard work, clear writing, and intellect have earned her awards, endorsements, and “exceptionally well qualified” ratings from groups with varying points of view across the state. She is endorsed by Democrats, Republicans, Independents, and community leaders – all who believe in the importance of an independent judiciary. Justice McCloud remains dedicated to equal rights and access to justice for all. She believes this is a time when all of us, regardless of our political views, must stand together in defending our right to a fair and independent judiciary – a right vital to our democracy. Endorsements: Attorney General Bob Ferguson; former Attorney General Rob McKenna; former U.S. Attorneys Mike McKay and John McKay; 12 current & former Supreme Court justices and over 150 judges statewide; National Women’s Political Caucus of Washington; Washington State Labor Council; State Patrol Troopers Association; State Council of Firefighters; King County Democrats; See more: www.justicesherylmccloud.com; Rated “Exceptionally Well Qualified” by 10 independent Bar Associations Contact (425) 466-0619; [email protected]; www.justicesherylmccloud.com 72 Court of Appeals Judge | Division 1 District 1 Position 4 | short & 6-year term

Beth M. Andrus Unopposed (Nonpartisan)

Legal/Judicial Experience Appointed by Gov. Jay Inslee to the Washington Court of Appeals, effective June 1, 2018; King County Superior Court Judge (2010-2018); attorney in private practice (1989-2010); federal law clerk (1988-1989). Judge Andrus has extensive experience in criminal, civil, family law, employment, commercial, and construction cases. Other Professional Experience Mental health worker in private psychiatric hospital while attending college (1981-1985). Education B.A., Wayne State University (1985); J.D., University of Minnesota (1988); Masters of Judicial Studies, University of Nevada, Reno (2016). Community Service No information submitted Statement Judge Andrus was appointed by Governor Christine Gregoire to the King County Superior Court in 2010 following a 21-year career in private practice. In 2018, Gov. Inslee appointed her to a seat on the Court of Appeals. Judge Andrus is respected for her commitment to the rule of law, excellence in judicial decisions, her calm demeanor, intelligence, impartiality, and her work ethic on the bench. In appointing Judge Andrus to the Court of Appeals, Gov. Inslee said, “Beth has a range of legal experience that will serve the community well. She is known as a problem solver who can find a path forward through even the most complicated challenges.” Notably, in 2016, Judge Andrus was nominated by President Obama to be a federal judge in the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington; however, her nomination expired without Senate action when President Obama’s term in office ended. Judge Andrus has remained a highly regarded judge in the courts of Washington State and now serves on the Court of Appeals. Judge Andrus has been endorsed by more than 100 other judges statewide and dozens of attorneys who are familiar with her work. Contact (425) 466-0619; [email protected]; www.judgeandrus.com Court of Appeals Judge | Division 1 District 1 Position 7 | 6-year term 73

Marlin Appelwick Unopposed (Nonpartisan)

Legal/Judicial Experience Judge, Court of Appeals, 1998-present; Attorney, private practice, 1980-1998; State Representative, 46th Legislative District, 1983-1998 Other Professional Experience Washington Uniform Laws Commission, 1985-present; Board for Judicial Administration, 2006-2012; Council on Public Legal Education, co-chair, 1999-present; Gender & Justice Commission, 1998-2007; Access to Justice Board, 1993-1999; President’s Award, Washington State Bar Association, 2011; Access to Justice Leadership Award, ATJ Board 2008 Education Juris Doctor, University of Washington School of Law, 1979; Bachelor of Science/Arts, Minnesota State University- Mankato, 1976 Community Service Seattle-Lake City Lions Club; Lawforwa.org Board; Faith Lutheran Church Statement Thank you for the privilege of serving on the Court of Appeals for the past 20 years. Your right of appeal to a three-judge panel of the Court of Appeals is a critical part of the safety net that protects your rights. The large volume of cases and tremendous variety of civil and criminal issues makes the job very challenging. My experience while a lawyer in private practice and during 16 years in the legislature prepared me well for the breadth of issues. I have thoroughly enjoyed working with the other members of the court to make just decisions. I strive to write opinions that are clear and persuasive. I believe a judge should serve the community in ways beyond the decisions made on the bench. I work hard on court budget matters and participate actively in judicial administration. I remain committed to making information about the law more accessible to the public. And, I will continue to promote public awareness of our civic rights and responsibilities through the Council on Public Legal Education. I ask for your vote of confidence and the opportunity to serve you for another term. Contact [email protected] 74

Coming July 2019

Voter registration laws will change in time for next year’s Primary.

Starting July 2019... New Voter Registration Deadlines 8 days before Election Day: To register by mail or online, your application must be received no later than 8 days before Election Day.

Election Day: Visit a local voting center to register or update your address in person no later than 8 p.m. on Election Day.

Future Voter Sign-up Also starting in July 2019, sixteen and seventeen year olds can sign up as Future Voters and will be registered to vote when they turn eighteen.

Automatic Voter Registration Applicants who meet all qualifications will be registered to vote when receving or renewing an enhanced driver’s license or identicard, unless they opt out. Starting July 2019.

For full bill information visit app.leg.wa.gov/billinfo SSB 6021, 2SHB 1513, and E2SHB 2595 75

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Share your story! vote.wa.gov/vet 76 Initiative Measure No. 1631

increase economic opportunity, enhance economic and How do I read measure text? environmental sustainability, and create and support fami- Language in double parentheses with a ly-sustaining jobs across the state. The business commu- line through it is existing state law; it will nity will play a critical role in leading this transition and in be taken out of the law if this measure is reducing pollution. approved by voters. (5) Both pollution itself and transitioning to a society that prioritizes clean air, clean energy, clean water, healthy for- ((sample of text to be deleted)) ests, and healthy communities disproportionately impact some people, workers, and communities more than oth- Underlined language does not appear in ers, including communities within pollution and health ac- current state law but will be added to the law tion areas. The use of a pollution fee to offset and alleviate if this measure is approved by voters. those impacts is appropriate to ensure a successful and sample of text to be added just transition. (6) The investments authorized in this chapter constitute the purchase of pollution reduction and the protection of Washington’s clean air, clean water, healthy forests, and Complete Text healthy communities. Initiative Measure No. 1631 NEW SECTION. Sec. 2. SHORT TITLE. This act may be AN ACT Relating to reducing pollution by investing in known and cited as the Protect Washington Act. clean air, clean energy, clean water, healthy forests, and NEW SECTION. Sec. 3. CLEAN UP POLLUTION FUND. healthy communities by imposing a fee on large emitters (1) The clean up pollution fund is created in the state trea- based on their pollution; and adding a new chapter to Title sury. All receipts collected from the pollution fee imposed 70 RCW. by this chapter must be deposited in the fund. The depart- BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ment of revenue is authorized to create subfunds or subac- WASHINGTON: counts as may be necessary or appropriate to implement NEW SECTION. Sec. 1. FINDINGS AND DETERMINA- the purposes of this chapter. Receipts collected from the TIONS. The people of the state of Washington make the pollution fee imposed by this chapter may only be spent following findings and determinations: after appropriation into the clean up pollution fund. (1) The intent of this chapter is to protect Washington for (2) After reasonable administrative costs: our children, our grandchildren, and future generations by (a) Seventy percent of total expenditures under this act quickly and effectively reducing pollution and addressing must be used for the clean air and clean energy invest- its negative impacts. ments authorized under section 4 of this act; (2) Fossil fuel consumption and related pollution contrib- (b) Twenty-five percent of total expenditures under this ute directly to climate change and the regional effects of act must be used for the clean water and healthy forests global warming, which harm Washington’s health, econ- investments authorized under section 5 of this act; and omy, natural resources, environment, and communities. (c) Five percent of total expenditures under this act must This harm includes, but is not limited to, intensified storms, be used for the healthy communities investments autho- droughts, sea level rise, increased flooding, more frequent rized under section 6 of this act. and severe wildfires, and other adverse impacts to forests, (3) The board may authorize deviation from the alloca- agriculture, wildlife, fisheries, rivers, and the marine envi- tions in subsection (2) of this section if there are an insuffi- ronment. cient number of interested or eligible programs, activities, (3) Investments in clean air, clean energy, clean water, or projects seeking funding or if the board otherwise deter- healthy forests, and healthy communities will facilitate the mines that variance from the prescribed allocation is criti- transition away from fossil fuels, reduce pollution, and cre- cally important to achieve the purposes of this chapter. ate an environment that protects our children, families, and (4) Compliance with the allocations required in subsec- neighbors from the adverse impacts of pollution. Funding tion (2) of this section may be calculated based upon the these investments through a fee on large emitters of pol- average expenditures from the fund over any four-year pe- lution based on the amount of pollution they contribute is riod. fair and makes sense. A pollution fee offsets and alleviates (5) In addition to the requirements of subsection (2) of this burdens to which those emitters directly contribute. section, each year the total investments made under this (4) The transition to the clean energy economy will have chapter must meet the following requirements: tremendous economic and job growth benefits. Washing- (a) A minimum of thirty-five percent of total investments ton’s tradition of innovation and technology development authorized under this chapter must provide direct and combined with the funding available under this chapter will meaningful benefits to pollution and health action areas. Initiative Measure No. 1631 77

(b) A minimum of ten percent of the total investments clean up pollution fund created in section 3 of this act must authorized under this chapter must fund programs, activ- be deposited in the account. Money in the account must ities, or projects that are located within the boundaries of be used for programs, activities, or projects that yield or and provide direct and meaningful benefits to pollution and facilitate verifiable reductions in pollution or assist affected health action areas. An investment that meets the require- workers or people with lower incomes during the transition ments of both this subsection (5)(b) and of (a) of this sub- to a clean energy economy, including but not limited to: section may count towards the requisite minimum percent- (a) Programs, activities, or projects that deploy eligible age for both subsections. renewable energy resources, such as solar and wind pow- (c) A minimum of ten percent of the total investments au- er; thorized under this chapter must be used for programs, ac- (b) Programs, activities, or projects, including self-direct- tivities, or projects formally supported by a resolution of an ed investments, that increase the energy efficiency or re- Indian tribe, with priority given to otherwise qualifying proj- duce carbon emissions of industrial facilities, including but ects directly administered or proposed by an Indian tribe. not limited to proposals to implement combined heat and An investment that meets the requirements of both this power, district energy, or on-site renewables, such as solar subsection (5)(c) and of (a) of this subsection may count and wind power, to upgrade existing equipment to more ef- towards the requisite minimum percentage for both sub- ficient models, to reduce process emissions, and to switch sections. However, investments under this subsection (5)(c) to less carbon-intensive fuel sources, especially converting are in addition to, and may not count towards, the requisite fossil fuel sources of energy to nonfossil fuel sources; minimum percentage for (b) of this subsection. Programs, (c) Programs, activities, or projects, including self-direct- activities, or projects for which credits are authorized pur- ed investments, that increase energy efficiency in new and suant to section 4(6) of this act may, but are not required to, existing buildings, with a goal of creating carbon neutral count towards the requisite minimum percentage for this buildings across the state; subsection (5)(c). (d) Programs, activities, or projects that reduce transpor- (d) For the purposes of this subsection, “benefits” means tation-related carbon emissions, including but not limited investments or activities that: to programs, activities, or projects that: (i) Reduce vulnerable population characteristics, environ- (i) Accelerate the deployment of zero-emission fleets and mental burdens, or associated risks that contribute signifi- vehicles, including off-road and maritime vehicles, cre- cantly to the cumulative impact designation of the pollution ate zero-emission vehicle refueling infrastructure, or de- and health action area; ploy grid infrastructure to integrate electric vehicles and (ii) Meaningfully protect the pollution and health action charging equipment; area from, or support community response to, the impacts (ii) Reduce vehicle miles traveled or increase public trans- of climate change; or portation, including investing in public transit, transporta- (iii) Meet a community need identified by vulnerable tion demand management, nonmotorized transportation, members of the community that is consistent with the in- affordable transit-oriented housing, and high-speed rural tent of this chapter and endorsed by the environmental and broadband to facilitate telecommuting options such as economic justice panel. telemedicine or online job training; or (6) The expenditure of moneys under this chapter must (iii) Increase fuel efficiency in vehicles and vessels where be consistent with applicable federal, state, and local laws, options to convert to zero-emissions, low-carbon fuels, or and treaty rights, including but not limited to prohibitions public transportation are cost-prohibitive and inapplicable on uses of public funds imposed by the state Constitution. or unavailable; (7) Public entities, including but not limited to state agen- (e) Programs, activities, or projects that improve energy cies, municipal corporations, and federally recognized efficiency, including programs, activities, or projects related tribes, and not-for-profit and for-profit private entities are to developing the demand side management of electricity, eligible to receive investment funds authorized under this district energy, or heating and cooling, and investments in chapter. market transformation of energy efficiency products; (8) Funding under this chapter and credits authorized un- (f) Programs, activities, or projects that replace the use of der section 4(6) of this act may be invested in pilot tests natural gas with gas not derived from fossil fuels, including and other market and technology development projects but not limited to biomethane and synthetic gas. Programs, that are designed to test the effectiveness of the proposed activities, or projects may include investments that address project, program, or technology. the incremental cost of nonfossil fuel gas or investments NEW SECTION. Sec 4. CLEAN AIR AND CLEAN ENER- that expand the manufacture or delivery of nonfossil fuel GY INVESTMENTS. gas; (1) The clean air and clean energy account is created in the (g) Programs, activities, or projects that deploy distribut- state treasury. All moneys directed to the account from the ed generation, energy storage, demand side management technologies, and other grid modernization projects; or 78 Initiative Measure No. 1631

(h) Programs, activities, or projects that result in seques- (3)(a) For investments authorized under subsection (1)(h) tration of carbon, including but not limited to sequestration of this section: in aquatic marine and freshwater natural resources, agricul- (i) The department of natural resources shall develop pro- tural lands and soils, terrestrial, riparian, and aquatic habi- posed procedures, criteria, and rules for a program to se- tats, and working forests. Funding under this subsection (1) quester carbon through blue carbon projects. (h) may not fund legally required land management respon- (ii) The department of agriculture shall develop proposed sibilities, such as requirements under the forest practices procedures, criteria, and rules for a program to increase act or other pertinent land use regulations. soil sequestration and reduce emissions from the loss and (2)(a) The department of commerce, working with the disturbance of soils, including the conversion of grassland panels, the Washington State University extension energy and cropland soils to urban development. program, the department of transportation, and in con- (iii) The recreation and conservation office shall develop sultation with the utilities and transportation commission, proposed procedures, criteria, and rules for a grant pro- investor-owned and consumer-owned utilities, and oth- gram that funds projects to prevent the conversion and er experts and agencies, and after review of other states’ fragmentation of working forests, farmland, and natural plans to reduce carbon pollution or investment strategies habitats of all types; expands habitat and working forest for greenhouse gas reduction, shall develop pollution re- connectivity; promotes reforestation; funds the acquisition duction investment plans and proposed rules that describe of permanent conservation easements or fee simple title the process and criteria to disburse funds from the clean air with deed restrictions that result in increased forest carbon and clean energy account in compliance with this section. sequestration through the implementation of improved for- All investment plans and proposed rules required by this est management practices that safeguard ecological ben- subsection must follow this same process. efits, protect habitat, and provide sustainable jobs in rural (i) The department of commerce shall propose and sub- communities; and supports management activities that mit to the board for approval an initial investment plan, improve landscape-scale ecological functions to protect processes, and procedures for investments made under water, soils, and habitat for fish, wildlife, and plants and this section, which the board shall review and approve by reduce potential for emissions of greenhouse gases. The January 1, 2020. The investment plan, processes, and pro- program must prioritize and rank projects that effectively cedures govern investments made under this section un- capture and store carbon and provide a diversity of addi- til the permanent investment plan required by (a)(ii) of this tional ecological benefits. subsection is adopted by rule. (b) Procedures and criteria for the programs, activities, or (ii) By January 1, 2022, the department of commerce projects created under (a)(ii) and (iii) of this subsection must shall draft and submit to the board a permanent invest- retain sufficient flexibility to serve as a source of matching ment plan and proposed rules for the board to review and funds from other sources and to allow for a portion of the approve through the rule-making process. Upon adoption funds awarded to provide for the long-term costs of stew- of the final rules by the board, the adopted investment plan ardship obligations on lands protected under those pro- supersedes the initial investment plan authorized under (a) grams, activities, or projects. (i) of this subsection. (c) The proposed procedures, criteria, and rules for the (iii) The department of commerce shall propose updates programs, activities, or projects created under (a)(ii) and (iii) to the permanent investment plan and proposed rules ev- of this subsection must be developed in consultation with ery four years for review and approval by the board through the panels and must be submitted to the board for final the rule-making process. review and approval by January 1, 2020. (b) The investment plans must prescribe a competitive (4)(a) There must be sufficient investments made from the project selection process that results in a balanced portfo- clean air and clean energy account to prevent or eliminate lio of investments containing a wide range of technology, the increased energy burden of people with lower incomes sequestration, and emission reduction solutions that effi- as a result of actions to reduce pollution, including the pol- ciently and effectively reduce the state’s carbon emissions lution fees collected from large emitters under this chapter. from 2018 levels by a minimum of twenty million metric At a minimum, fifteen percent of the clean air and clean tons by 2035 and a minimum of fifty million metric tons by energy account is dedicated to investments that directly re- 2050 while creating economic, environmental, and health duce the energy burden of people with lower incomes. Ad- benefits. The emission reductions to be achieved under ditional funds from the clean air and clean energy account the plan should, in combination with reductions achieved must be allocated for program development, recruitment, under other state policies, achieve emissions reductions enrollment, and administration to achieve the intent of this that are consistent with the state’s proportional share of subsection. Investments are in addition to programs, activ- global carbon reductions that will limit global temperature ities, or projects funded through credits authorized under increases to two degrees centigrade and preferably below subsection (6) of this section. After the first effectiveness one and one-half degrees centigrade. report is issued, the environmental and economic justice Initiative Measure No. 1631 79 panel may make recommendations to the board on mea- tions for every worker with at least one year of service for sures to better achieve the intent of this subsection. each year of service up to five years of service; wage insur- (b) The department of commerce or, for credits autho- ance for up to five years for workers reemployed who have rized pursuant to subsection (6) of this section, a light and more than five years of service; up to two years of retraining power business or gas distribution business shall: costs including tuition and related costs, based on in-state (i) In meaningful consultation with people with lower in- community and technical college costs; peer counseling comes and with the environmental and economic justice services during transition; employment placement ser- panel, develop a draft plan that identifies programs, activ- vices, prioritizing employment in the clean energy sector; ities, or projects that achieve the intent of this subsection relocation expenses; and any other services deemed nec- and maximize the number of people with lower incomes essary by the environmental and economic justice panel. benefiting at levels appropriate to need. The draft plan must (b) The department of commerce, in consultation with the be submitted to the board for final review and approval. environmental and economic justice panel, shall develop (ii) Prioritize programs, activities, and projects that create draft rules, procedures, and criteria, to identify affected the following sustained energy burden reductions: workers and administer this program. These draft rules, (A) Energy affordability through bill assistance programs procedures, and criteria must be submitted to the board for and other similar programs; final review and approval through the rule-making process. (B) Reductions in dependence on fossil fuels used for (6)(a) A qualifying light and power business or gas distri- transportation, including public and shared transportation bution business may claim credits for up to one hundred for access and mobility; percent of the pollution fees for which it is liable under this (C) Reductions in household energy consumption, such chapter. Credits may be authorized for, and in advance of, as weatherization; and investment in programs, activities, or projects consistent (D) Community renewable energy projects that allow with a clean energy investment plan that has been ap- qualifying participants to own or receive the benefits of proved by the utilities and transportation commission, for those projects at reduced or no cost. investor-owned utilities and gas distribution businesses, or (iii) In consultation with community-based nonprofit or- the department of commerce, for consumer-owned utili- ganizations and Indian tribes as appropriate, design and ties. implement comprehensive enrollment campaigns that are (b) Clean energy investment plans must be developed by language and culturally appropriate to inform and enroll a qualifying light and power business or gas distribution people with lower incomes in the assistance programs au- business in meaningful collaboration with stakeholders, thorized under this subsection. The campaign must also including the board and the panels. The qualifying light inform people with lower incomes of other energy cost re- and power business or gas distribution business shall so- duction programs for which they may be eligible. The cam- licit public input and submit the clean energy investment paign should strive to achieve enrollment of one hundred plan for review and approval by the commission, for inves- percent of people with lower incomes. The department of tor-owned utilities and gas distribution businesses, or the commerce may contract with third parties to carry out the department, for consumer-owned utilities. requirements of this subsection. (c) To receive approval, the clean energy investment plan (c) Programs, activities, or projects that count toward the must: expenditures required by section 3(5)(a) of this act may not (i) Identify investments aligned with the pollution reduc- be counted toward the minimum expenditures required by tion investment plan, targets, and goals authorized under this subsection. and identified in subsection (2) of this section. Eligible in- (5) Within four years of the effective date of this section, vestments include: a minimum balance of fifty million dollars of the clean air (A) Those categories listed in subsection (1)(a) through (g) and clean energy account must be set aside, replenished of this section; annually, and maintained for a worker-support program for (B) A customer education and outreach program to pro- bargaining unit and nonsupervisory fossil fuel workers who mote widespread participation by consumers and busi- are affected by the transition away from fossil fuels to a nesses; clean energy economy. The department of commerce, in (C) The accelerated depreciation of a fossil fuel-fired consultation with the environmental and economic justice generator owned by a light and power business, limited to panel, may allocate additional moneys from the fund if nec- thirty percent of credits authorized under a clean energy essary to meet the needs of eligible workers in the event of investment plan, if: unforeseen or extraordinary amounts of dislocation. (I) The accelerated depreciation schedule includes recov- (a) Worker support may include but is not limited to full ery of all plant-in-service costs of the light and power busi- wage replacement, health benefits, and pension contribu- ness that owns or controls the plant associated with the tions for every worker within five years of retirement; full fossil fuel-fired generator; wage replacement, health benefits, and pension contribu- (II) The plant is replaced with renewable resources or de- 80 Initiative Measure No. 1631 mand side resources that emit no greenhouse gases; and (vii) Describe methods of addressing shortfalls of previ- (III) The accelerated depreciation schedule and replace- ous plans in achieving the requirements set forth in this ment power plan is included in a clean energy investment subsection (6)(c). plan approved by the commission; (d) The department and the commission may choose to (D) Replacing all or a part of the debt financing portion approve the entire plan or only parts of a plan and authorize of a capital investment made in the development of eligi- credits only for the approved segments. The department, ble renewable energy resources if doing so lowers the cost the commission, and the board may confer with and pro- of financing and the construction of the capital investment vide recommendations to one another prior to the approval commences after the effective date of this section; of a clean energy investment plan. The department and the (E) For a qualifying gas distribution business, purchas- commission may make determinations based on the effi- ing alternative carbon reduction units. Alternative carbon cacy of the plan, including appropriate comparison to car- reduction units are available only if a gas distribution busi- bon reduction and other outcomes that are projected to be ness demonstrates in its clean energy investment plan that achieved under the state’s pollution reduction investment it has pursued all other available investment opportunities. plan developed under subsection (2) of this section, results No more than ten percent of the pollution fee owed in a giv- of the effectiveness report developed under section 12 of en year may be reduced by purchasing alternative carbon this act, and other criteria they adopt. reduction units. A qualifying gas distribution business must (e) A light and power business or gas distribution business demonstrate that any carbon reduction unit it purchased authorized to receive credits under this subsection must verifiably reduced carbon emissions within the state, creat- establish and maintain a separate clean energy investment ed benefits, as defined in section (3)(5)(d) of this act, within account into which it must deposit amounts equal to the pollution and health action areas, and was developed in credits authorized under this section. Funds deposited into meaningful consultation with vulnerable populations. Alter- this account must be expended during the year in which native carbon reduction units are available only during the the funds were collected from customers, the preceding ten years immediately following the effective date of this year, or any of the three subsequent years, after which they section; must be remitted to the clean air and clean energy account. (ii) Identify sufficient investments to eliminate net increas- (f) Upon approval of a clean energy investment plan, es in energy burden of customers that are people with a qualifying light and power business or gas distribution lower incomes as a result of actions to reduce pollution, business must expend moneys from its clean energy in- including the requirements of this act. At a minimum, fif- vestment account in accordance with the approved clean teen percent of credits must be dedicated to investments energy investment plan, with the oversight of the com- that directly reduce energy burden on people with lower mission or department. A light and power business or gas incomes. Additional funds must be allocated for program distribution business must submit annual reports to the development, recruitment, enrollment, and administration commission or department that include, at a minimum, the to achieve the intent of this subsection. These investments status of the plan and an evaluation of whether its invest- must be consistent with subsection (4) of this section; ments have achieved the performance metrics identified in (iii) Demonstrate how the requirements of section 3(5)(a) the clean energy investment plan. of this act have been met and the criteria in section 7 of this (g) If the commission or the department determines that act, excluding subsection (1)(d) of that section, have been a plan did not meet a performance metric, the commission given priority in the development of the plan; or department may require the light and power business or (iv) Describe a long-term strategy to eliminate any fee ob- gas distribution business to remit remaining credits ded- ligation imposed by this chapter on electricity and minimize icated for the nonperforming plan or components to the any fee obligation on natural gas; clean air and clean energy account and may deny future (v) Provide performance metrics, including performance plans unless they meet the requirements of this subsection. metrics designed to measure pollution reduction achieved, (h) To maintain eligibility to receive a credit for fees, a energy burden reduction benefits supplied, and other indi- qualifying light and power business or gas distribution cators of progress in achieving the purposes of this chap- business must submit and receive approval of an updated ter. Performance metrics must cover the life of the plan; clean energy investment plan every two years. (vi) Demonstrate that expenditures in the plan are in ad- (i) An investor-owned light and power business or gas dition to existing programs and expenditures necessary to distribution business may not earn a rate of return from the meet other emissions reduction, energy conservation, low portion of investments paid for with credits under this sec- income, or renewable energy requirements in the absence tion. of this chapter and incremental to investments or expendi- (j) Credits may not support programs, activities, or proj- tures that the light and power business or gas distribution ects that are otherwise legally required by federal, state, or business would have pursued in the absence of the plan local laws, or that are required as a result of a legal settle- and the requirements of this chapter; and ment or other action binding on the potential recipient of Initiative Measure No. 1631 81 the funds. Credits may not be used to supplant existing forests account is created in the state treasury. All moneys funding for related programs. directed to the account from the clean up pollution fund (k) A qualifying light and power business or gas distri- created in section 3 of this act must be deposited in the bution business is authorized to use a reasonable portion account. Moneys in the account are intended to increase of credits for necessary administrative costs related to the the resiliency of the state’s waters and forests to the im- requirements of this subsection, including the development pacts of climate change. Moneys in the account must be and implementation of an approved clean energy invest- spent in a manner that is consistent with existing and future ment plan. assessment of climate risks and resilience from the scien- (l) For the purposes of this subsection, a qualifying light tific community and expressed concerns of and impacts to and power business or gas distribution business may re- pollution and health action areas. quest that within one hundred twenty days the department (2) Moneys in the account may be allocated for the fol- of health designate additional pollution and health action lowing purposes: areas located in the service area of the qualifying light and (a) Clean water investments that improve resilience from power business or gas distribution business. climate impacts. (m) Credited fees in the clean energy investment account (i) Funding under this subsection (2)(a) must be used to: are considered gross operating revenue for the purpose (A) Restore and protect estuaries, fisheries, and marine of RCW 80.24.010, and may not be considered gross in- shoreline habitats, and prepare for sea level rise; come for the purposes of chapters 82.04 and 82.16 RCW. (B) Increase the ability to remediate and adapt to the im- In addition to fees paid pursuant to RCW 80.24.010 on pacts of ocean acidification; credited fees in the clean energy investment account, each (C) Reduce flood risk and estorer natural floodplain eco- investor-owned utility must pay an annual fee set by the logical function; commission annually through order of up to one percent (D) Increase the sustainable supply of water and improve of credited fees deposited in the clean energy investment aquatic habitat, including groundwater mapping and mod- account to pay for the commission’s reasonable cost of ad- eling; or ministering this subsection. (E) Improve infrastructure treating stormwater from pre- (n) The commission and department must adopt rules viously developed areas within an urban growth boundary concerning the process, timelines, reporting, committees, designated under chapter 36.70A RCW, with a preference standards, and documentation required to ensure proper given to projects that use green stormwater infrastructure. implementation of this subsection. These rules must allow (ii) Funding under this subsection (2)(a) proposed for proj- for stakeholder contribution to the clean energy investment ects in the Puget Sound basin must be reviewed by the plans and establish requirements for review, approval, per- Puget Sound partnership for consistency with the Puget formance metrics, and independent monitoring and evalu- Sound action agenda authorized under chapter 90.71 ation of a clean energy investment plan of a light and power RCW. This review must be conducted in a manner that business or gas distribution business. does not delay the approval of programs, activities, or proj- (o) The amount of credits authorized and spent under this ects under this subsection. subsection counts towards the minimum percentage of in- (iii) The departments of ecology, natural resources, fish vestments required by section 3(2)(a) of this act. and wildlife, the Puget Sound partnership, and the recre- (p) The definitions in this subsection (6)(p) apply through- ation and conservation office must jointly develop draft out this subsection unless the context clearly requires oth- procedures, criteria, and rules for the program authorized erwise. under this subsection (2)(a). (i) “Commission” means the utilities and transportation (b) Healthy forests investments to improve resilience from commission. climate impacts. (ii) “Department” means the department of commerce. (i) Funding under this subsection (2)(b) must be used for (7) Funding made available for programs, activities, or projects and activities that will: projects under this section must be additive to existing (A) Increase resilience to wildfire in the face of increased funding and may not supplant funding otherwise available. temperature and drought; or (8) The expenditures of funds under this section may not (B) Improve forest health and reduce vulnerability to support programs, activities, or projects that are otherwise changes in hydrology, insect infestation, and other impacts legally required by federal, state, or local laws, or that are of climate change. required as a result of a legal settlement or other legal ac- (ii) The department of natural resources may consider tion or court order binding on the potential recipient of the supporting cross laminated timber and other mass timber funds. technologies in support of this work. NEW SECTION. Sec. 5. CLEAN WATER AND HEALTHY (iii) The department of natural resources must develop FORESTS INVESTMENTS. (1) The clean water and healthy draft procedures, criteria, and rules for the program autho- rized under this subsection (2)(b). Funding priority must be 82 Initiative Measure No. 1631 given to programs, activities, or projects prioritized pursu- treaty. ant to RCW 76.06.200 and 79.10.530 across any combina- (3) The department of natural resources, in consultation tion of local, state, federal, tribal, and private ownerships. with the environmental and economic justice panel, shall (iv) The department of natural resources must adopt develop draft procedures, criteria, and rules for the pro- rigorous performance-based criteria and objectives for grams authorized in subsection (1)(a) through (c) of this funding decisions under this subsection (2)(b), such as the section. The procedures, criteria, and rules for the program number of acres burned or thinned or otherwise treated to authorized in subsection (1)(a) of this section must prioritize improve forest health, acres of forest for which wildland programs, activities, or projects that benefit communities fire prevention measures have been implemented, and the with limited English proficiency and other vulnerable popu- number of communities in the wildland urban interface for lations in communities at risk from wildfires. which wildfire resilience and defense measures have been (4) The superintendent of public instruction shall develop implemented. draft procedures, criteria, and rules for the program autho- (3) Draft procedures, criteria, and rules required under rized in subsection (1)(d) of this section. this section must be developed in consultation with the (5) Twenty percent of the healthy communities account clean water and healthy forests panel and must be submit- must be reserved for developing community capacity to ted to the board for final review and approval subject to the participate in the implementation of this chapter, including rule-making process. the preparation of funding proposals. Funds for this com- (4) Moneys in the account may not be used for projects munity capacity program must be allocated through a com- that would violate tribal treaty rights or result in significant petitive process with a preference for projects proposed by long-term damage to critical habitat or ecological func- vulnerable populations in pollution and health action areas tions. Investments from this account must result in long- and rural communities. Any Indian tribe that applies must term environmental benefit and increased resiliency to the receive up to two hundred thousand dollars per year to impacts of climate change. build tribal capacity to participate in the implementation of (5) Funding made available for projects under this sec- this chapter. The department of commerce shall work with tion should be considered additive to existing funding and the environmental and economic justice panel to develop is not intended to supplant funding otherwise available for draft procedures, criteria, and rules for this program. such projects. (6) Proposed procedures, criteria, and rules prepared un- NEW SECTION. Sec. 6. HEALTHY COMMUNITIES IN- der this section must be sent to the board for final adoption, VESTMENTS. (1) The healthy communities account is cre- including through the rule-making process as appropriate. ated in the state treasury. All moneys directed to the ac- NEW SECTION. Sec. 7. INVESTMENT CRITERIA. (1) Af- count from the clean up pollution fund created in section 3 ter applying the account-specific criteria in sections 4, 5, of this act must be deposited in the account. Moneys in the and 6 of this act, preference must be given to investments account must be used for programs, activities, or projects authorized under section 3 of this act and credits autho- to prepare communities for challenges caused by climate rized under section 4(6) of this act that meet one or more of change and to ensure that the impacts of climate change the following investment criteria: are not disproportionately borne by certain populations. In- (a) Procurement and use of materials and content that vestments from this account may be used for the following have lower carbon emissions associated with their trans- purposes, with first priority given to programs, activities, portation and manufacturing, as determined through the or projects eligible for funding under (a), (b), and (c) of this best available reporting and assessment tools; subsection: (b) Support of high quality labor standards, prevailing (a) Enhancing community preparedness and awareness wage rates determined by local collective bargaining, ap- before, during, and after wildfires; prenticeship and preapprenticeship utilization and pre- (b) Developing and implementing resources to support ferred entry standards, community workforce agreements fire suppression, prevention, and recovery for tribal com- with priority local hire, procurement from women, veteran, munities impacted or potentially impacted by wildfires; and minority-owned businesses, procurement from and (c) Relocating communities on tribal lands that are im- contracts with entities that have a history of complying with pacted by flooding and sea level rise; and federal and state wage and hour laws and regulations, and (d) Developing and implementing education programs other related labor standards; and teacher professional development opportunities at (c) Reduction of worker and public exposure to emis- public schools to expand awareness of and increase pre- sions of air pollutants regulated under chapter 70.94 RCW, paredness for the environmental, social, and economic im- discharges of pollutants regulated under chapter 90.48 pacts of climate change and strategies to reduce pollution. RCW, or releases of hazardous substances under chapter (2) Funding under this section may not supplant federal 70.105D RCW; and funding or federal obligations otherwise required by law or (d) Reduction of pollution through strategies that reduce Initiative Measure No. 1631 83 vehicle miles traveled, including by reducing travel distanc- unduly burden the ability of a light and power business or es for people with lower incomes. gas distribution business to transact with the market. (2) Projects that satisfy multiple criteria in subsection (1) (8) The department of revenue is directed to collect the of this section receive first preference under this section. fee and is authorized to take actions it deems necessary to NEW SECTION. Sec. 8. POLLUTION FEE. (1) A pollution collect the pollution fee. fee is imposed on and must be collected from large emit- (9) To carry out the purposes of this chapter, the state ters based on the carbon content of: is authorized to issue general obligation or revenue bonds (a) Fossil fuels sold or used within this state; and within the limitations now or hereafter prescribed by the (b) Electricity generated within or imported for consump- laws of this state, and may use, and is authorized to pledge, tion in the state. the moneys collected under this section for repayment of (2) The fee must be levied only once on a particular unit those bonds. of fossil fuels or electricity. (10) The pollution fee owed by a large emitter may be (3) Beginning January 1, 2020, the pollution fee on large assumed by a light and power business when it purchases emitters is equal to fifteen dollars per metric ton of car- electricity from that large emitter. bon content. Beginning January 1, 2021, the pollution fee (11) When a large emitter purchases power from the Bon- on large emitters increases by two dollars per metric ton neville power administration, the larger emitter must as- of carbon content each January 1st. The annual increase sume the pollution fees, if any. shall adjust for inflation each year. The pollution fee is fixed NEW SECTION. Sec. 9. EXEMPTIONS. (1) To ensure and no longer increases, except for annual increases for consistency with existing state and federal law and to facil- inflation, when the state’s 2035 greenhouse gas reduction itate the timely, feasible, and effective reduction of pollution goal is met and the state’s emissions are on a trajectory under this chapter, the pollution fee imposed on large emit- that indicates that compliance with the state’s 2050 goal is ters does not apply to and may not be collected for: likely, as those goals exist or are subsequently amended, (a) Fossil fuels brought into this state in the fuel supply as determined by the board. tank of a motor vehicle, vessel, locomotive, or aircraft; (4) In order to calculate the pollution fee on large emitters (b) Fossil fuels that are exported or sold for export out- imposed by this chapter, by November 1, 2019, the depart- side of Washington. Export to a federally recognized Indian ment of ecology must, in consultation with the department tribal reservation located within this state is not considered of revenue, adopt emergency rules specifying the basis for export outside of Washington; the carbon content inherent in or associated with covered (c) Fossil fuels directly or eventually supplied to a light fossil fuels and electricity. In developing these rules, the de- and power business for purposes of generating electricity; partment of ecology may consider, among other resources, (d) Motor vehicle and special fuel currently exempt from the carbon dioxide content measurements for fossil fuels taxation under RCW 82.38.080; from the federal energy information administration and the (e) Fossil fuels and electricity sold to and used onsite by federal environmental protection agency. The department facilities with a primary activity that falls into an EITE sec- of ecology may periodically update the rules specifying the tor, including any facility primarily supporting one or more carbon content of fossil fuels and electricity. facilities falling into one or more EITE sectors such as ad- (5) For the generation or import of electricity from an un- ministrative, engineering, or other office facilities, after the specified source, the department of ecology, in consulta- department of commerce has validated a facility’s designa- tion with the department of commerce, must select a de- tion within such sector or its supporting facility status in an fault emission factor that maximizes the incentive for light EITE sector; and power businesses to specify power sources without (f) Aircraft fuels as defined in RCW 82.42.010 and mari- also unduly burdening the ability to purchase electricity time fuels; from the market. (g) Activities or property of Indian tribes and individual (6) For power generated or imported by the Bonneville Indians that are exempt from state taxation as a matter power administration, the department of ecology must of federal law and state law, whether by statute, rule, or publish a default emissions factor for sales into Washing- compact, including but not limited to the exemptions listed ton state. in WAC 458-20-192. For motor vehicle fuel or special fuel (7) A credit for the fee owed may be authorized as provid- sold on tribal lands, the fee may be included in any agree- ed in section 4(6) of this act. The utilities and transportation ments under RCW 82.38.310; commission and the department of commerce shall ensure (h) Diesel fuel, biodiesel fuel, or aircraft fuel when these that resources are not reallocated between customers, fuels are used solely for agricultural purposes by a farm fuel customer classes, or geographies for the purposes of arti- user, as those terms are defined in RCW 82.08.865; ficially reducing the application of this fee without reducing (i) Pollution emissions from a coal closure facility. For the actual pollution emissions and, in doing so, must also not purpose of this chapter, a “coal closure facility” is any facili- 84 Initiative Measure No. 1631 ty that generates electricity through the combustion of coal (e) Review and approve procedures, criteria, and rules as of the effective date of this section and: developed under the provisions of this chapter, the pollu- (i) Is legally bound to comply with emissions performance tion reduction investment plan developed under section 4 standards as set forth in RCW 80.80.040 by December 31, of this act, and the effectiveness report required by section 2025; or 12 of this act; (ii) Is legally bound to cease operation by December 31, (f) Develop a tribal consultation process for programs, 2025. activities, or projects proposed for funding under this chap- (2) For any electricity or fossil fuels subject to the fee ter consistent with subsection (9) of this section; imposed by this chapter that are also subject to a similar (g) Confer with the governor and the legislature regarding fee on carbon content imposed by another jurisdiction, the implementation of this chapter; and payer may take a credit against the fee imposed by this (h) Carry out such other duties necessary for implemen- chapter up to the amount of the similar fee paid to the other tation of this chapter or that are delegated to the board. jurisdiction if the payer petitions to and receives approval (4) The board must be led by the chair of the board. The for the credit from the department of commerce. chair is a full-time staff person appointed by the governor (3) For electricity generated in Washington that is sold and should be housed in the office of the governor. The out of state to a jurisdiction that has a similar fee on car- chair should have experience in management and admin- bon content, a large emitter may receive a credit equal to istration and expertise in and a demonstrated commitment the amount of the fee in the receiving jurisdiction up to the to reducing pollution and transitioning to a clean energy amount of the fee owed under this chapter if the payer pe- economy. titions to and receives approval for the credit from the de- (5) In addition to leading the board, the chair has, without partment of commerce. limitation, the following duties and authorities: NEW SECTION. Sec. 10. PUBLIC OVERSIGHT BOARD (a) Drive implementation of programs, activities, or proj- AND CONSULTATION. (1) The public oversight board is es- ects in a manner that achieves timely and effective pollu- tablished within the executive office of the governor. The tion reduction and the other purposes of this chapter; purpose of the board is to ensure timely, effective, and ef- (b) Solicit analysis from any state agency or office on ficient implementation of this chapter. The board must en- matters related to implementation of this chapter; sure robust public involvement, accountability, and trans- (c) Convene and preside over a climate subcabinet, con- parency in the implementation of this chapter. sisting of representatives of the agencies with responsibili- (2) The board has fifteen voting members, including the ty to implement portions of this chapter and the cochairs of chair, the six cochairs of the panels, four at-large positions, the panels; the commissioner of public lands, and the directors of the (d) Periodically brief the governor and legislative leaders department of commerce, the department of ecology, and regarding progress, challenges, and obstacles in imple- the recreation and conservation office. The governor shall menting this chapter; and appoint the chair and the four at-large positions, one of (e) Hire staff as necessary to support the work of the chair which must be a tribal representative and one of which and the board. must represent vulnerable populations in pollution and (6) Members of the board who are not state employees health action areas, to achieve an overall board member- must be compensated in accordance with RCW 43.03.240 ship with appropriate expertise in pollution reduction. The and are entitled to reimbursement individually for travel ex- at-large positions must serve staggered four-year terms. penses incurred in the performance of their duties as mem- The department of health, the department of transporta- bers of the board in accordance with RCW 43.03.050 and tion, and the superintendent of public instruction are non- 43.03.060. voting members of the board. (7) All state agencies shall cooperate with and support (3) The board has the following powers and duties: the board as it implements this chapter. All state agencies (a) Develop budget recommendations pursuant to the shall complete their duties under this chapter and other- process set forth in chapter 43.88 RCW; wise drive its implementation with a sense of urgency. (b) Work with appropriate state agencies to utilize, where (8) To ensure timeliness, efficiency, and effectiveness, the feasible, existing programs to deliver funding made avail- board and the joint legislative audit and review committee able under this chapter; shall jointly develop a schedule for periodic review and re- (c) Evaluate the funding proposals developed by the state porting regarding the implementation of this chapter. agencies and the panels and provide final approval of fund- (9) In furtherance of strengthening partnerships between ing for programs and projects under this chapter at a public the state and Indian tribes, achieving the goals set forth in hearing; this chapter, and to ensure mutual respect for the rights, (d) Adopt rules under chapter 34.05 RCW as necessary interests, and obligations of each sovereign, this chapter to carry out the purposes of this chapter; must be construed to recognize and affirm the inherent sovereignty of Indian tribes, and to further the govern- Initiative Measure No. 1631 85 ment-to-government relationships between Indian tribes of this subsection, upon a request by an Indian tribe, all and the state as follows: further action on the project must cease until consultation (a) Any state agency acting under the authority of this with the Indian tribe is complete. chapter or receiving funding under this chapter must con- (e) Nothing in this subsection precludes a panel or the sult with Indian tribes on all decisions that may directly af- board from evaluating similar programs, activities, or proj- fect Indian tribes and tribal lands including but not limited ects as a group or using existing programs, activities, or to activities such as rule making. That consultation must projects to provide preliminary funding recommendations. follow the agency’s protocol for consultation with Indian (f) Informal and early consultation between an Indian tribe tribes developed pursuant to the centennial accord and and a project proponent is encouraged. must occur independent of any public participation pro- (g) The utilities and transportation commission shall com- cess required by state law or by the agency, regardless ply with this subsection in exercising its authority under of whether the agency receives a request for consultation section 4 of this act. from an Indian tribe. NEW SECTION. Sec. 11. INVESTMENT ADVISORY PAN- (b) Any project proposed for funding under this chapter ELS. (1) Three panels are created to provide detailed rec- that directly impacts tribal lands or usual and accustomed ommendations to the board and state agencies regarding fishing areas must be subject to meaningful formal con- implementation of this chapter, including the development sultation with Indian tribes before the board approves dis- of proposed rules, criteria, procedures, and other program bursement of investment moneys for the project. Consul- elements. The governor shall appoint members of each tation must include all consultation required under state or panel for four-year, staggered terms. At least one-third of federal law and the provisions of this section. The goal of the membership of each panel must be representatives consultation is to share information regarding the project of the interests of vulnerable populations in pollution and to ensure a complete understanding of the project and to health action areas. identify and address tribal concerns. The process for con- (2) The clean air and clean energy panel must be co- sultation must be as follows: chaired by one business interest and a stakeholder that (i) Consultation with Indian tribes must be initiated when represents a statewide labor organization that represents a project is being evaluated for funding by a panel. a broad cross-section of workers. The panel may have (ii) Consultation is initiated upon receipt of a letter from no more than nine members, representing tribal, environ- the board or panel to the person identified by Indian tribes mental, business, and labor communities and pollution under RCW 43.376.050. If an Indian tribe does not respond and health action areas outside of tribal lands. The panel’s within forty-five days of receipt of the letter, the board may membership must have expertise in carbon reduction pro- conclude that the Indian tribe has declined consultation on grams, activities, and technologies. The panel shall work the project. The board shall provide notice in a manner that with appropriate state agencies to identify existing state ensures actual receipt by the tribe and provides clarity as programs that can be utilized to provide preliminary evalu- to the commencement of the forty-five day period outlined ations of grant applications, develop criteria and processes herein. for evaluating programs, activities, or projects proposed (iii) Where an Indian tribe responds to the letter, the board that cannot be evaluated under existing programs, and must utilize the consultation process established by the prepare funding and other recommendations to the board board, including a mutually agreed timeline for completion for expenditures from the clean air and clean energy ac- of consultation. The consultation process runs concurrent- count, created in section 4 of this act. The clean air and ly with the panels’ and board’s evaluation of the project clean energy panel may also develop, as needed, and rec- and must be completed prior to the date determined by the ommend rules for the board’s consideration. board to complete final funding decisions. (3) The clean water and healthy forests panel must be (iv) The board and the Indian tribe must work in good cochaired by one tribal leader and one stakeholder that faith during the consultation process to reach consensus represents statewide environmental interests. The panel on whether the project should be funded. may have no more than nine members, representing tribal, (c) For programs, activities, or projects that directly im- environmental, business, and labor communities and pol- pact tribal lands, the goal of the consultation process is lution and health action areas outside of tribal lands. The to obtain free, prior, and informed consent for the project. panel shall work with appropriate state agencies to iden- For these programs, activities, or projects, consultation is tify existing state programs that can be utilized to provide complete when the Indian tribe’s government provides the initial evaluations of grant applications, develop funding board with a written resolution providing consent or with- criteria and processes for programs, activities, or projects holding consent by the deadline set for completion of the that cannot be evaluated under existing programs, and consultation process. prepare funding and other recommendations to the board (d) If any project that directly impacts tribal lands is fund- for expenditures from the clean water and healthy forests ed under this chapter without complying with (b) and (c) 86 Initiative Measure No. 1631 account, created in section 5 of this act. The panel may justice panel may receive financial support from organi- also recommend rules for the board’s consideration. zations and the governments of Indian tribes through ap- (4) The environmental and economic justice panel must proved community capacity grants awarded under section be cochaired by one tribal leader and one person that is a 6(5) of this act. representative of the interests of vulnerable populations in NEW SECTION. Sec. 12. EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW AND pollution and health action areas outside of tribal lands. In POLLUTION MAPPING. (1)(a) By December 10, 2022, and addition to the cochairs, the panel consists of two mem- every four years thereafter, the department of commerce, bers representing union labor with expertise in economic with support from relevant agencies and in consultation dislocation, clean energy economy, or energy-intensive with the panels, the board, academic institutions, and oth- and trade-exposed industries and five members, including er experts as appropriate, and taking into account scientific at least one tribal leader and at least two nontribal leaders and community assessments of climate impacts, risks, and representing the interest of vulnerable populations in pollu- resilience needs, must develop and submit to the board a tion and health action areas. The purpose of the panel is to: draft effectiveness report for final review and approval by (a) Prepare funding recommendations to the board for the board. expenditures from the healthy communities account, cre- (b) The effectiveness report must describe progress in ated in section 6 of this act; achieving the purposes of this chapter, including progress (b) Develop draft procedures, criteria, and rules for eval- made in achieving the carbon reduction goals established uating programs, activities, or projects for review and ap- in section 4(2)(b) of this act and in developing and imple- proval by the board and make funding recommendations menting the pollution reduction plans and clean energy regarding people with lower incomes, affected workers, investment plans under section 4 of this act. In addition, vulnerable populations, and pollution and health action ar- the effectiveness report must also include information re- eas; garding the impact of the implementation of this chapter (c) Make recommendations regarding preventing or elim- upon employment and jobs, including the number and na- inating any increased energy burden of people with lower ture of jobs created, worker hours, job quality, job access incomes as a result of actions to reduce pollution, including and demographics, cobenefits secured, and other employ- the pollution fees collected from large emitters under this ment and economic information as deemed appropriate. chapter; The effectiveness report must also identify and evaluate (d) Define meaningful consultation with pollution and outcomes, risks, and recommendations for vulnerable health action areas, vulnerable populations, and people populations, pollution and health action areas, people with with lower incomes, and provide opportunities for vulner- lower incomes, Indian tribes, and affected workers. The ef- able populations to consult on the implementation of this fectiveness report must recommend improvements to the chapter; implementation of this chapter. (e) Evaluate compliance with the investment criteria in (2) By July 31, 2019, the department of health shall des- section 7 of this act; ignate pollution and health action areas. This designation (f) Define qualifying events and workers for the allocation must be at a minimum resolution of census tract scale and of funds authorized under section 4(5) of this act; be based on the cumulative impact analysis of vulnerable (g) Review and comment on the analyses required under populations and environmental burdens conducted by the section 12 of this act and identify and recommend oppor- University of Washington’s department of environmental tunities and measures to reduce burdens identified in the and occupational health sciences. The designation and cumulative impact designation of pollution and health ac- ranking of census tracts in the cumulative impacts analy- tion areas pursuant to section 12(2) of this act, to increase sis and underlying data must be available for public review economic opportunities, and to decrease risks, such as and may be integrated with or build upon other population displacement; and tracking resources. The designation of pollution and health (h) Administer, in cooperation with the department of action areas and the cumulative impact analysis of vul- commerce, the community capacity grants authorized un- nerable populations and environmental burdens must be der section 6(5) of this act. periodically evaluated and updated by the department of (5) Relevant state agencies shall cooperate with and sup- health after meaningful consultation with vulnerable popu- port the panels as they implement this chapter. lations, the environmental and economic justice panel, and (6) Any single individual may serve on more than one the University of Washington’s department of environmen- panel. Members of the panels who are not state employees tal and occupational health sciences. must be compensated in accordance with RCW 43.03.240 and are entitled to reimbursement individually for travel ex- NEW SECTION. Sec. 13. DEFINITIONS. The definitions penses incurred in the performance of their duties as mem- in this section apply throughout this chapter unless the bers of the panel in accordance with RCW 43.03.050 and context clearly requires otherwise. 43.03.060. Members of the environmental and economic (1) “Alternative carbon reduction unit” means a credit for Initiative Measure No. 1631 87 one metric ton reduction in pollution that substitutes for an (b) With its principal governmental office located within equivalent emission reduction in a qualifying gas distribu- the geographical boundaries of the state of Washington or tion business’s operations and is real, permanent, enforce- with treaty-reserved rights retained within the geographical able, verifiable, and additional to business as usual. The boundaries of the state of Washington. unit must derive from an action that reduces pollution. (15) “Inflation” means the percentage change in the con- (2) “Board” or “oversight board” means the public over- sumer price index for all urban wage earners and clerical sight board created in section 10 of this act. workers for the United States as published for the most re- (3) “Carbon content” means the carbon dioxide equiva- cent twelve-month period by the bureau of labor statistics lent that is released through the combustion or oxidation of of the federal department of labor by September 30th of a fossil fuel, or that is associated with the combustion or the year before the fees are payable. oxidation of a fossil fuel, used to generate electricity. (16) “Investor-owned utility” has the same meaning as in (4) “Carbon dioxide equivalent” has the same meaning as RCW 19.29A.010. provided in RCW 70.235.010. (17) “Large emitter” means: (5) “Consumer-owned utility” has the same meaning as in (a) For electricity: RCW 19.29A.010. (i) An importer of electricity that was generated using fos- (6) “Eligible renewable energy resource” has the same sil fuels or is subject to a default emissions factor under meaning as in RCW 19.285.030. section 8 of this act; or (7) “Energy burden” is the percentage of household in- (ii) A power plant located in the state of Washington that come spent on road transportation and home energy bills. generates electricity using fossil fuels. (8) “Energy-intensive and trade-exposed sectors” and (b) For motor vehicle fuel and special fuel, entities re- “EITE sectors” mean: quired to pay the tax specified in RCW 82.38.030(9). (a) Those sectors identified under “EITE covered party” in (c) For natural gas, entities required to pay the tax spec- WAC 173-442-020(1)(m) as of April 22, 2017; and ified in chapter 82.16 RCW, or, if the fee is not paid by a (b) Other sectors the department of commerce desig- gas distribution business under chapter 82.16 RCW, by the nates that have, on average across all facilities belonging person required to pay tax as provided in RCW 82.12.022 to the sector in the state, both a greater energy intensity (1) through (3) and (8) through (10). of production and a greater trade share of goods than the (d) For other petroleum products, persons as designated corresponding averages for any other EITE sector. by rule by the department of revenue. (9) “Environmental burdens” refers to the cumulative risks (e) A seller of fossil fuels to end users or consumers. to communities caused by historic and current: (f) A seller of fossil fuels sold for combined heat and pow- (a) Exposure to conventional and toxic hazards in the air, er as defined in RCW 19.280.020. water, and land, and; (g) A refinery facility for crude oil, crude oil derivatives and (b) Adverse environmental effects, which are environ- other fossil fuels consumed by or in a refinery facility. mental conditions caused or made worse by contamination (18) “Light and power business” has the same meaning or pollution or that create vulnerabilities to climate impacts. as provided in RCW 82.16.010, and includes a light and (10) “Fossil fuel” means petroleum products that are in- power business owned or operated by a municipality. tended for combustion, natural gas, coal or coke of any (19) “Maritime fuels” means diesel, gasoline, and biofu- kind, or any form of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel derived el-blend fuels sold from fuel docks for use in vessels and from these products including but not limited to motor ve- bunker and other fuels sold for use in ships for interstate hicle fuel, special fuel, aircraft fuel, marine fuel, still gas, and international transportation. propane, and petroleum residuals such as bunker fuel. For (20) “Motor vehicle fuel” has the same meaning as pro- purposes of imposing the pollution fee on the carbon con- vided in RCW 82.38.020. tent of fossil fuels consumed by a refinery facility during (21) “Panel” or “panels” means any or all of the panels the process of refining fossil fuels, “fossil fuel” also means established in section 11 of this chapter. crude oil and petroleum. (22) “Person” means the state of Washington, political (11) “Fund” means the clean up pollution fund estab- subdivision of the state of Washington, municipal corpo- lished under section 3 of this chapter. ration, the United States, and any individual, receiver, ad- (12) “Gas distribution business” has the same meaning ministrator, executor, assignee, trustee in bankruptcy, trust, as provided in RCW 82.16.010. estate, firm, partnership, joint venture, club, company, joint (13) “Greenhouse gas” and “greenhouse gases” have the stock company, business trust, corporation, limited liability same meaning as provided in RCW 70.235.010(6). company, association, society, or any group of individuals (14) An “Indian tribe” is an Indian nation, tribe, band, acting as a unit, whether mutual, cooperative, fraternal, community, or other entity: nonprofit, or otherwise. (a) Recognized as an Indian tribe by the federal depart- (23) “People with lower incomes” means: ment of the interior; and (a) All Washington residents with an annual income, ad- 88 Initiative Measure No. 1631 justed for household size, which is at or below the greater NEW SECTION. Sec. 16. All departments and agencies of: named in this chapter may adopt rules, develop guidance, (i) Eighty percent of the area median income as reported and create forms and other documents necessary to effec- by the federal department of housing and urban develop- tuate the provisions and purposes of this chapter. ment; or NEW SECTION. Sec. 17. As of the effective date of this (ii) Two hundred percent of the federal poverty line; and section, chapter 173-442 WAC and associated amend- (b) Members of an Indian tribe who meet the in- ments to chapter 173-441 WAC previously adopted by come-based criteria for existing other means-tested bene- the department of ecology may not be enforced by the fits through formal resolution by the governing council of an department of ecology. If this chapter is invalidated, the Indian tribe. department of ecology is directed to enforce chapter 173- (24) “Petroleum product” means hydrocarbons that are 442 WAC and associated amendments to chapter 173-441 the product of the fractionation, distillation, or other refining WAC. or processing of crude oil that are used as, usable as, or may be refined as a fuel or fuel blend stock. NEW SECTION. Sec. 18. If any provision of this chapter (25) “Pollution” means, for purposes of this chapter only, or its application to any person or circumstance is held in- the presence of or introduction into the environment of valid, the remainder of the chapter or the application of the greenhouse gases. provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected. (26) “Pollution and health action areas” are those com- If any provision of this chapter or its application to any per- munities designated by the department of health based on son or circumstance is held unconstitutional or unlawful, the cumulative impacts analysis required by section 12(2) this chapter shall be construed to provide for the maximum of this chapter and census tracts that are fully or partially application of the pollution fee and investments authorized on “Indian Country” as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1151. in this chapter. Each exemption in section 9 of this act is (27) “Power plant” has the same meaning as in RCW severable and, if any exemption is held unconstitutional or 80.80.010. unlawful, the remainder of the chapter is not affected. (28) “Special fuel” has the same meaning as provided in NEW SECTION. Sec. 19. The findings and determinations RCW 82.38.020 and includes fuel that is sold or used to in section 1 of this act are an integral part of this chapter. propel vessels. The provisions of this chapter are to be liberally construed (29) “Supplier” means a person that produces, refines, to effectuate the policies and purposes of this chapter. imports, sells, or delivers fossil fuels in or into the state for NEW SECTION. Sec. 20. The people find and determine use or processing within the state. that the pollution fee imposed in this chapter is not a tax (30) “Tribal lands” means “Indian Country” as defined in in light of the purposes, benefits, and use of the fee. Nev- 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1151, lands owned by or held in trust for an ertheless, if a court of final jurisdiction determines that the Indian tribe, and sensitive tribal areas. For the purposes of pollution fee imposed in this chapter is a tax, then that tax this chapter, “sensitive tribal areas” are areas in which an shall be deemed authorized, imposed, and exempt from Indian tribe has a significant interest, such as sacred sites, the provisions of RCW 82.32.805 and 82.32.808. traditional cultural properties, and burial grounds protected under chapter 27.44 RCW. NEW SECTION. Sec. 21. Sections 1 through 19 of this (31) “Tribal leaders” means persons identified by Indian act constitute a new chapter in Title 70 RCW. tribes under RCW 43.376.050 or other designee formally --- END --- appointed by the Indian tribe. (32) “Usual and accustomed fishing area” is any area ad- judicated to have been reserved for fishing by one or more Indian tribe(s) through treaties as recognized by United States v. Washington, 20 F. Supp. 3d 899 (2008). For pur- poses of this chapter only, “usual and accustomed fishing area” refers to waterways only and not nearby uplands. (33) “Vulnerable populations” are communities that ex- perience high cumulative risk from environmental burdens due to: (a) Adverse socioeconomic factors, such as unemploy- ment, high housing and transportation costs relative to in- come, and linguistic isolation; and (b) Sensitivity factors, such as low birth weight and higher rates of hospitalization. Initiative Measure No. 1634 89

NEW SECTION. Sec. 4. KEEPING GROCERIES TAX Complete Text FREE—PROTECTING TRADITIONAL LOCAL REVENUE Initiative Measure No. 1634 STREAMS—CONTINUED AUTHORITY. AN ACT Relating to the taxation of groceries; and adding Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary: a new chapter to Title 82 RCW. (1) Except as provided in subsections (2) through (4) of BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF this section, a local governmental entity may not impose or WASHINGTON: collect any tax, fee, or other assessment on groceries. (2) Nothing in this section precludes the continued col- NEW SECTION. Sec. 1. SHORT TITLE. This chapter may lection of any existing tax, fee, or other assessment on be known and cited as the “keep groceries affordable act groceries as is in effect as of January 15, 2018; but no ex- of 2018.” isting tax, fee, or other assessment on groceries may be NEW SECTION. Sec. 2. KEEPING GROCERIES AF- increased in rate, scope, base, or otherwise after January FORDABLE: FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS. 15, 2018, except as provided in subsections (3) and (4) of (1) Whereas access to food is a basic human need of this section. every Washingtonian; and (3) Nothing in this section prohibits the imposition and (2) Whereas keeping the price of groceries as low as pos- collection of a tax, fee, or other assessment on groceries if: sible improves the access to food for all Washingtonians; (a) The tax, fee, or other assessment is generally applica- and ble to a broad range of businesses and business activity; (3) Whereas taxing groceries is regressive and hurts low- and and fixed-income Washingtonians the most; and (b) The tax, fee, or other assessment does not establish (4) Whereas working families in Washington pay a greater or rely on a classification related to or involving groceries or share of their family income in state and local taxes than a subset of groceries for purposes of establishing or other- their wealthier counterparts; now, therefore, wise resulting in a higher tax rate due to such classification. (5) The people of the state of Washington find and declare (4) Nothing in this section prohibits the imposition and that no local governmental entity may impose any new tax, collection of a local retail sales and use tax pursuant to fee, or other assessment that targets grocery items. RCW 82.14.030 on those persons taxable by the state un- der chapters 82.08 and 82.12 RCW. NEW SECTION. Sec. 3. DEFINITIONS. NEW SECTION. Sec. 5. IMPLEMENTATION. For purposes of this chapter: (1) “Alcoholic beverages” has the same meaning as provided in RCW 82.08.0293. Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary: (2) “Groceries” means any raw or processed food or bev- (1) This chapter applies to any tax, fee, or other assess- erage, or any ingredient thereof, intended for human con- ment on groceries first imposed, increased, or collected by sumption except alcoholic beverages, marijuana products, a local governmental entity on or after January 15, 2018. and tobacco. “Groceries” includes, but is not limited to, (2) The provisions of this chapter are to be construed lib- meat, poultry, fish, fruits, vegetables, grains, bread, milk, erally so as to effectuate their intent, policy, and purposes. cheese and other dairy products, nonalcoholic beverages, NEW SECTION. Sec. 6. SEVERABILITY. kombucha with less than 0.5% alcohol by volume, con- (1) If any provision of this act or its application to any diments, spices, cereals, seasonings, leavening agents, person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the eggs, cocoa, teas, and coffees whether raw or processed. act or the application of the provision to other persons or (3) “Local governmental entity” has the same meaning as circumstances is not affected. provided in RCW 4.96.010. (2) The people of the state of Washington hereby de- (4) “Marijuana products” has the same meaning as pro- clare that they would have adopted this chapter, and each vided in RCW 69.50.101. and every portion, section, subsection, clause, sentence, (5) “Tax, fee, or other assessment on groceries” includes, phrase, word, and application not declared invalid or un- but is not limited to, a sales tax, gross receipts tax, busi- constitutional without regard to whether any portion of this ness and occupation tax, business license tax, excise tax, chapter, or application thereof, would be subsequently de- privilege tax, or any other similar levy, charge, or exaction clared invalid. of any kind on groceries or the manufacture, distribution, sale, possession, ownership, transfer, transportation, con- NEW SECTION. Sec. 7. Sections 1 through 5 of this act tainer, use, or consumption thereof. constitute a new chapter in Title 82 RCW. (6) “Tobacco” has the same meaning as provided in RCW --- END --- 82.08.0293. 90 Initiative Measure No. 1639

step the people wish to take to increase public safety. Complete Text Finally, firearms taken from the home by children or other Initiative Measure No. 1639 persons prohibited from possessing firearms have been at AN ACT Relating to increasing public safety by imple- the heart of several tragic gun violence incidents. One study menting firearm safety measures, including requiring shows that over eighty-five percent of school shooters ob- enhanced background checks, waiting periods, and in- tained the firearm at their home or from a friend or relative. creased age requirements for semiautomatic assault ri- Another study found that more than seventy-five percent of fles and secure gun storage for all firearms; amending firearms used in youth suicide attempts and unintentional RCW 9.41.090, 9.41.092, 9.41.094, 9.41.097, 9.41.0975, injuries were stored in the residence of the victim, a relative, 9.41.110, 9.41.113, 9.41.124, 9.41.240, 9.41.129, and or a friend. Secure gun storage requirements for all firearms 9.41.010; adding new sections to chapter 9.41 RCW; cre- will increase public safety by helping ensure that children ating new sections; prescribing penalties; and providing and other prohibited persons do not inappropriately gain effective dates. access to firearms, and notice requirements will make the potential dangers of firearms clear to purchasers. BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF Therefore, to increase public safety for all Washingtonians, WASHINGTON: in particular our children, this measure would, among oth- NEW SECTION. Sec. 1. INTENT. Gun violence is far too er things: Create an enhanced background check system common in Washington and the United States. In particu- applicable to semiautomatic assault rifles similar to what is lar, shootings involving the use of semiautomatic assault required for handguns, require that individuals complete a rifles have resulted in hundreds of lives lost, devastating in- firearm safety training course and be at least twenty-one juries, and lasting psychological impacts on survivors, their years of age to purchase or possess such weapons, enact families, and communities. Semiautomatic assault rifles a waiting period for the purchase of such weapons, and es- are specifically designed to kill quickly and efficiently and tablish standards for the responsible storage of all firearms. have been used in some of the country’s deadliest mass NEW SECTION. Sec. 2. SHORT TITLE. This act may be shootings, including in Newtown, Connecticut; Las Vegas, known and cited as the public safety and semiautomatic Nevada; and Parkland and Orlando, Florida, among others. assault rifle act. Semiautomatic assault rifles have also been used in deadly shootings in Washington, including in Mukilteo and Taco- Sec. 3. ENHANCED BACKGROUND CHECKS. RCW ma. 9.41.090 and 2018 c 201 s 6003 are each amended to read The impacts of gun violence by assault weapons fall heav- as follows: ily on children and teenagers. According to one analysis, (1) In addition to the other requirements of this chapter, more than two hundred eight thousand students attending no dealer may deliver a pistol to the purchaser thereof until: at least two hundred twelve schools have experienced a (a) The purchaser produces a valid concealed pistol li- shooting on campus since the Columbine mass shooting cense and the dealer has recorded the purchaser’s name, in 1999. Active shooter drills are normal for a generation license number, and issuing agency, such record to be of American schoolchildren, instilling at a young age the made in triplicate and processed as provided in subsection sad and unnecessary realization that a mass shooting can (((5))) (6) of this section. For purposes of this subsection (1) happen in any community, in any school, at any time. (a), a “valid concealed pistol license” does not include a Enough is enough. The people find and declare that it is temporary emergency license, and does not include any crucial and urgent to pass laws to increase public safety license issued before July 1, 1996, unless the issuing agen- and reduce gun violence. cy conducted a records search for disqualifying crimes un- Implementing an enhanced background check system der RCW 9.41.070 at the time of issuance; for semiautomatic assault rifles that is as strong as the one (b) The dealer is notified in writing by(i) the chief of po- required to purchase a handgun and requiring safety train- lice or the sheriff of the jurisdiction in which the purchaser ing and a waiting period will help ensure that we keep these resides that the purchaser is eligible to possess a pistol weapons out of dangerous hands. Further, federal law pro- under RCW 9.41.040 and that the application to purchase hibits the sale of pistols to individuals under the age of is approved by the chief of police or sheriff; or (ii) the state twenty-one and at least a dozen states further restrict the that the purchaser is eligible to possess a firearm under ownership or possession of firearms by individuals under RCW 9.41.040, as provided in subsection (3)(b) of this sec- the age of twenty-one. This makes sense, as studies show tion; or that eighteen to twenty year olds commit a disproportion- (c) The requirements or time periods in RCW 9.41.092 ate number of firearm homicides in the United States and have been satisfied. research indicates that the brain does not fully mature until (2) In addition to the other requirements of this chapter, a later age. Raising the minimum age to purchase semi- no dealer may deliver a semiautomatic assault rifle to the automatic assault rifles to twenty-one is a commonsense purchaser thereof until: (a) The purchaser provides proof that he or she has com- Initiative Measure No. 1639 91 pleted a recognized firearm safety training program within electronic database and with other agencies or resources the last five years that, at a minimum, includes instruction as appropriate, to determine whether applicants are ineligi- on: ble under RCW 9.41.040 to possess a firearm.)) (i) Basic firearms safety rules; (((3))) (4) In any case under this section where the appli- (ii) Firearms and children, including secure gun storage cant has an outstanding warrant for his or her arrest from and talking to children about gun safety; any court of competent jurisdiction for a felony or mis- (iii) Firearms and suicide prevention; demeanor, the dealer shall hold the delivery of the pistol (iv) Secure gun storage to prevent unauthorized access or semiautomatic assault rifle until the warrant for arrest and use; is served and satisfied by appropriate court appearance. (v) Safe handling of firearms; and The local jurisdiction for purposes of the sale, or the state (vi) State and federal firearms laws, including prohibited pursuant to subsection (3)(b) of this section, shall confirm firearms transfers. the existence of outstanding warrants within seventy-two The training must be sponsored by a federal, state, coun- hours after notification of the application to purchase a ty, or municipal law enforcement agency, a college or uni- pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle is received. The local versity, a nationally recognized organization that customar- jurisdiction shall also immediately confirm the satisfaction ily offers firearms training, or a firearms training school with of the warrant on request of the dealer so that the hold may instructors certified by a nationally recognized organization be released if the warrant was for an offense other than an that customarily offers firearms training. The proof of train- offense making a person ineligible under RCW 9.41.040 to ing shall be in the form of a certification that states under possess a ((pistol)) firearm. the penalty of perjury the training included the minimum (((4))) (5) In any case where the chief or sheriff of the local requirements; and jurisdiction, or the state pursuant to subsection (3)(b) of this (b) The dealer is notified in writing by (i) the chief of po- section, has reasonable grounds based on the following cir- lice or the sheriff of the jurisdiction in which the purchaser cumstances: (a) Open criminal charges, (b) pending crimi- resides that the purchaser is eligible to possess a firearm nal proceedings, (c) pending commitment proceedings, (d) under RCW 9.41.040 and that the application to purchase an outstanding warrant for an offense making a person in- is approved by the chief of police or sheriff; or (ii) the state eligible under RCW 9.41.040 to possess a ((pistol)) firearm, that the purchaser is eligible to possess a firearm under or (e) an arrest for an offense making a person ineligible RCW 9.41.040, as provided in subsection (3)(b) of this sec- under RCW 9.41.040 to possess a ((pistol)) firearm, if the tion; or records of disposition have not yet been reported or en- (c) The requirements or time periods in RCW 9.41.092 tered sufficiently to determine eligibility to purchase a ((pis- have been satisfied. tol)) firearm, the local jurisdiction or the state may hold the (3)(a) Except as provided in (b) of this subsection, in de- sale and delivery of the pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle termining whether the purchaser meets the requirements up to thirty days in order to confirm existing records in this of RCW 9.41.040, the chief of police or sheriff, or the des- state or elsewhere. After thirty days, the hold will be lifted ignee of either, shall check with the national crime infor- unless an extension of the thirty days is approved by a local mation center, including the national instant criminal back- district court, superior court, or municipal court for good ground check system, provided for by the Brady Handgun cause shown. A dealer shall be notified of each hold placed Violence Prevention Act (18 U.S.C. Sec. 921 et seq.), the on the sale by local law enforcement or the state and of Washington state patrol electronic database, the health any application to the court for additional hold period to care authority electronic database, and with other agen- confirm records or confirm the identity of the applicant. cies or resources as appropriate, to determine whether the (((5))) (6)(a) At the time of applying for the purchase of applicant is ineligible under RCW 9.41.040 to possess a a pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle, the purchaser shall firearm. sign in triplicate and deliver to the dealer an application (b) The state, through the legislature or initiative process, containing: may enact a statewide firearms background check system (i) His or her full name, residential address, date and place equivalent to, or more comprehensive than, the check re- of birth, race, and gender; quired by (a) of this subsection to determine that a pur- (ii) The date and hour of the application; chaser is eligible to possess a firearm under RCW 9.41.040. (iii) The applicant’s driver’s license number or state iden- Once ((the)) a state system is established, a dealer shall use tification card number; the state system and national instant criminal background (iv) A description of the pistol or semiautomatic assault check system, provided for by the Brady Handgun Vio- rifle including the make, model, caliber and manufacturer’s lence Prevention Act (18 U.S.C. Sec. 921 et seq.), to make number if available at the time of applying for the purchase criminal background checks of applicants to purchase fire- of a pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle. If the manufac- arms. ((However, a chief of police or sheriff, or a designee turer’s number is not available at the time of applying for of either, shall continue to check the health care authority’s the purchase of a pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle, the 92 Initiative Measure No. 1639 application may be processed, but delivery of the pistol or requirements of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 922. semiautomatic assault rifle to the purchaser may not occur (((6))) (7)(a) To help offset the administrative costs of im- unless the manufacturer’s number is recorded on the appli- plementing this section as it relates to new requirements cation by the dealer and transmitted to the chief of police for semiautomatic assault rifles, the department of licens- of the municipality or the sheriff of the county in which the ing may require the dealer to charge each semiautomatic purchaser resides, or the state pursuant to subsection (3) assault rifle purchaser or transferee a fee not to exceed (b) of this section; ((and)) twenty-five dollars, except that the fee may be adjusted (v) A statement that the purchaser is eligible to purchase at the beginning of each biennium to levels not to exceed and possess a ((pistol)) firearm under ((RCW 9.41.040)) the percentage increase in the consumer price index for state and federal law; and all urban consumers, CPI-W, or a successor index, for the (vi) If purchasing a semiautomatic assault rifle, a state- previous biennium as calculated by the United States de- ment by the applicant under penalty of perjury that the ap- partment of labor. plicant has completed a recognized firearm safety training (b) The fee under (a) of this subsection shall be no more program within the last five years, as required by subsec- than is necessary to fund the following: tion (2) of this section. (i) The state for the cost of meeting its obligations under (b) The application shall contain ((a)) two warnings sub- this section; stantially stated as follows: (ii) The health care authority, mental health institutions, (i) CAUTION: Although state and local laws do not differ, and other health care facilities for state-mandated costs federal law and state law on the possession of firearms dif- resulting from the reporting requirements imposed by RCW fer. If you are prohibited by federal law from possessing a 9.41.097(1); and firearm, you may be prosecuted in federal court. State per- (iii) Local law enforcement agencies for state-mandated mission to purchase a firearm is not a defense to a federal local costs resulting from the requirements set forth under prosecution; and RCW 9.41.090 and this section. (ii) CAUTION: The presence of a firearm in the home has (8) A person who knowingly makes a false statement re- been associated with an increased risk of death to self and garding identity or eligibility requirements on the applica- others, including an increased risk of suicide, death during tion to purchase a ((pistol)) firearm is guilty of false swearing domestic violence incidents, and unintentional deaths to under RCW 9A.72.040. children and others. (((7))) (9) This section does not apply to sales to licensed The purchaser shall be given a copy of the department dealers for resale or to the sale of antique firearms. of fish and wildlife pamphlet on the legal limits of the use Sec. 4. WAITING PERIOD. RCW 9.41.092 and 2018 c of firearms((,)) and firearms safety((, and the fact that local 145 s 4 are each amended to read as follows: laws and ordinances on firearms are preempted by state (1) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter and ex- law and must be consistent with state law)). cept for semiautomatic assault rifles under subsection (2) (c) The dealer shall, by the end of the business day, sign of this section, a licensed dealer may not deliver any fire- and attach his or her address and deliver a copy of the ap- arm to a purchaser or transferee until the earlier of: plication and such other documentation as required under (((1))) (a) The results of all required background checks are subsections (1) and (2) of this section to the chief of police known and the purchaser or transferee (((a))) (i) is not pro- of the municipality or the sheriff of the county of which the hibited from owning or possessing a firearm under federal purchaser is a resident, or the state pursuant to subsection or state law and (((b))) (ii) does not have a voluntary waiver (3)(b) of this section. The triplicate shall be retained by the of firearm rights currently in effect; or dealer for six years. The dealer shall deliver the pistol or (((2))) (b) Ten business days have elapsed from the date semiautomatic assault rifle to the purchaser following the the licensed dealer requested the background check. How- period of time specified in this chapter unless the dealer is ever, for sales and transfers of pistols if the purchaser or notified of an investigative hold under subsection (((4))) (5) transferee does not have a valid permanent Washington of this section in writing by the chief of police of the munic- driver’s license or state identification card or has not been ipality ((or)), the sheriff of the county, or the state, whichever a resident of the state for the previous consecutive ninety is applicable, ((denying)) or of the denial of the purchaser’s days, then the time period in this subsection shall be ex- application to purchase and the grounds thereof. The ap- tended from ten business days to sixty days. plication shall not be denied unless the purchaser is not (2) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a li- eligible to purchase or possess ((a pistol)) the firearm under censed dealer may not deliver a semiautomatic assault rifle ((RCW 9.41.040)) state or ((9.41.045, or)) federal law. to a purchaser or transferee until ten business days have (d) The chief of police of the municipality or the sheriff of elapsed from the date of the purchase application or, in the the county, or the state pursuant to subsection (3)(b) of this case of a transfer, ten business days have elapsed from the section, shall retain or destroy applications to purchase a date a background check is initiated. pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle in accordance with the NEW SECTION. Sec. 5. SECURE GUN STORAGE. A new Initiative Measure No. 1639 93 section is added to chapter 9.41 RCW to read as follows: (1) When selling or transferring any firearm, every dealer (1) A person who stores or leaves a firearm in a location shall offer to sell or give the purchaser or transferee a se- where the person knows, or reasonably should know, that cure gun storage device, or a trigger lock or similar device a prohibited person may gain access to the firearm: that is designed to prevent the unauthorized use or dis- (a) Is guilty of community endangerment due to unsafe charge of the firearm. storage of a firearm in the first degree if a prohibited person (2) Every store, shop, or sales outlet where firearms are obtains access and possession of the firearm and causes sold, that is registered as a dealer in firearms with the de- personal injury or death with the firearm; or partment of licensing, shall conspicuously post, in a prom- (b) Is guilty of community endangerment due to unsafe inent location so that all patrons may take notice, the fol- storage of a firearm in the second degree if a prohibited lowing warning sign, to be provided by the department of person obtains access and possession of the firearm and: licensing, in block letters at least one inch in height: (i) Causes the firearm to discharge; WARNING: YOU MAY FACE CRIMINAL PROSECUTION (ii) Carries, exhibits, or displays the firearm in a public IF YOU STORE OR LEAVE AN UNSECURED FIREARM place in a manner that either manifests an intent to intimi- WHERE A PERSON WHO IS PROHIBITED FROM POS- date another or that warrants alarm for the safety of other SESSING FIREARMS CAN AND DOES OBTAIN POSSES- persons; or SION. (iii) Uses the firearm in the commission of a crime. (3) Every store, shop, or sales outlet where firearms are (2)(a) Community endangerment due to unsafe storage of sold that is registered as a dealer in firearms with the de- a firearm in the first degree is a class C felony punishable partment of licensing, upon the sale or transfer of a firearm, according to chapter 9A.20 RCW. shall deliver a written warning to the purchaser or transfer- (b) Community endangerment due to unsafe storage of a ee that states, in block letters not less than one-fourth inch firearm in the second degree is a gross misdemeanor pun- in height: ishable according to chapter 9A.20 RCW. WARNING: YOU MAY FACE CRIMINAL PROSECUTION (3) Subsection (1) of this section does not apply if: IF YOU STORE OR LEAVE AN UNSECURED FIREARM (a) The firearm was in secure gun storage, or secured with WHERE A PERSON WHO IS PROHIBITED FROM POS- a trigger lock or similar device that is designed to prevent SESSING FIREARMS CAN AND DOES OBTAIN POSSES- the unauthorized use or discharge of the firearm; SION. (b) In the case of a person who is a prohibited person on (4) Every person who violates this section is guilty of a the basis of the person’s age, access to the firearm is with class 1 civil infraction under chapter 7.80 RCW and may the lawful permission of the prohibited person’s parent or be fined up to two hundred fifty dollars. However, no such guardian and supervised by an adult, or is in accordance fines may be levied until thirty days have expired from the with RCW 9.41.042; time warning signs required under subsection (2) of this (c) The prohibited person obtains, or obtains and dis- section are distributed by the department of licensing. charges, the firearm in a lawful act of self-defense; or Sec. 7. RCW 9.41.094 and 2018 c 201 s 6004 are each (d) The prohibited person’s access to the firearm was ob- amended to read as follows: tained as a result of an unlawful entry, provided that the A signed application to purchase a pistol or semiauto- unauthorized access or theft of the firearm is reported to matic assault rifle shall constitute a waiver of confidentiality a local law enforcement agency in the jurisdiction in which and written request that the health care authority, mental the unauthorized access or theft occurred within five days health institutions, and other health care facilities release, of the time the victim of the unlawful entry knew or reason- to an inquiring court or law enforcement agency, informa- ably should have known that the firearm had been taken. tion relevant to the applicant’s eligibility to purchase a pis- (4) If a death or serious injury occurs as a result of an al- tol or semiautomatic assault rifle to an inquiring court or leged violation of subsection (1)(a) of this section, the pros- law enforcement agency. ecuting attorney may decline to prosecute, even though technically sufficient evidence to prosecute exists, in situa- Sec. 8. RCW 9.41.097 and 2018 c 201 s 6005 are each tions where prosecution would serve no public purpose or amended to read as follows: would defeat the purpose of the law in question. (1) The health care authority, mental health institutions, (5) For the purposes of this section, “prohibited person” and other health care facilities shall, upon request of a means a person who is prohibited from possessing a fire- court, ((or)) law enforcement agency, or the state, supply arm under state or federal law. such relevant information as is necessary to determine the (6) Nothing in this section mandates how or where a fire- eligibility of a person to possess a ((pistol)) firearm or to be arm must be stored. issued a concealed pistol license under RCW 9.41.070 or to purchase a pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle under NEW SECTION. Sec. 6. AVAILABILITY OF SECURE GUN RCW 9.41.090. STORAGE. A new section is added to chapter 9.41 RCW to (2) Mental health information received by: (a) The depart- read as follows: ment of licensing pursuant to RCW 9.41.047 or 9.41.173; (b) 94 Initiative Measure No. 1639 an issuing authority pursuant to RCW 9.41.047 or 9.41.070; amended to read as follows: (c) a chief of police or sheriff pursuant to RCW 9.41.090 or (1) No dealer may sell or otherwise transfer, or expose 9.41.173; (d) a court or law enforcement agency pursuant for sale or transfer, or have in his or her possession with to subsection (1) of this section; or (e) the state pursuant to intent to sell, or otherwise transfer, any pistol without being RCW 9.41.090, shall not be disclosed except as provided licensed as provided in this section. in RCW 42.56.240(4). (2) No dealer may sell or otherwise transfer, or expose for Sec. 9. RCW 9.41.0975 and 2009 c 216 s 7 are each sale or transfer, or have in his or her possession with intent amended to read as follows: to sell, or otherwise transfer, any firearm other than a pistol (1) The state, local governmental entities, any public or without being licensed as provided in this section. private agency, and the employees of any state or local (3) No dealer may sell or otherwise transfer, or expose for governmental entity or public or private agency, acting in sale or transfer, or have in his or her possession with intent good faith, are immune from liability: to sell, or otherwise transfer, any ammunition without being (a) For failure to prevent the sale or transfer of a firearm licensed as provided in this section. to a person whose receipt or possession of the firearm is (4) The duly constituted licensing authorities of any city, unlawful; town, or political subdivision of this state shall grant licens- (b) For preventing the sale or transfer of a firearm to a es in forms prescribed by the director of licensing effective person who may lawfully receive or possess a firearm; for not more than one year from the date of issue permitting (c) For issuing a concealed pistol license or alien firearm the licensee to sell firearms within this state subject to the license to a person ineligible for such a license; following conditions, for breach of any of which the license (d) For failing to issue a concealed pistol license or alien shall be forfeited and the licensee subject to punishment firearm license to a person eligible for such a license; as provided in RCW 9.41.010 through 9.41.810. A licensing (e) For revoking or failing to revoke an issued concealed authority shall forward a copy of each license granted to pistol license or alien firearm license; the department of licensing. The department of licensing (f) For errors in preparing or transmitting information as shall notify the department of revenue of the name and ad- part of determining a person’s eligibility to receive or pos- dress of each dealer licensed under this section. sess a firearm, or eligibility for a concealed pistol license or (5)(a) A licensing authority shall, within thirty days after alien firearm license; the filing of an application of any person for a dealer’s li- (g) For issuing a dealer’s license to a person ineligible for cense, determine whether to grant the license. However, if such a license; or the applicant does not have a valid permanent Washington (h) For failing to issue a dealer’s license to a person eligi- driver’s license or Washington state identification card, or ble for such a license. has not been a resident of the state for the previous con- (2) An application may be made to a court of competent secutive ninety days, the licensing authority shall have up jurisdiction for a writ of mandamus: to sixty days to determine whether to issue a license. No (a) Directing an issuing agency to issue a concealed pis- person shall qualify for a license under this section without tol license or alien firearm license wrongfully refused; first receiving a federal firearms license and undergoing fin- (b) Directing a law enforcement agency to approve an ap- gerprinting and a background check. In addition, no person plication to purchase a pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle ineligible to possess a firearm under RCW 9.41.040 or in- wrongfully denied; eligible for a concealed pistol license under RCW 9.41.070 (c) Directing that erroneous information resulting either shall qualify for a dealer’s license. in the wrongful refusal to issue a concealed pistol license (b) A dealer shall require every employee who may sell a or alien firearm license or in the wrongful denial of a pur- firearm in the course of his or her employment to undergo chase application for a pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle fingerprinting and a background check. An employee must be corrected; or be eligible to possess a firearm, and must not have been (d) Directing a law enforcement agency to approve a convicted of a crime that would make the person ineligible dealer’s license wrongfully denied. for a concealed pistol license, before being permitted to The application for the writ may be made in the county in sell a firearm. Every employee shall comply with require- which the application for a concealed pistol license or alien ments concerning purchase applications and restrictions firearm license or to purchase a pistol or semiautomatic as- on delivery of pistols or semiautomatic assault rifles that sault rifle was made, or in Thurston county, at the discretion are applicable to dealers. of the petitioner. A court shall provide an expedited hearing (6)(a) Except as otherwise provided in (b) of this subsec- for an application brought under this subsection (2) for a tion, the business shall be carried on only in the building writ of mandamus. A person granted a writ of mandamus designated in the license. For the purpose of this section, under this subsection (2) shall be awarded reasonable at- advertising firearms for sale shall not be considered the torneys’ fees and costs. carrying on of business. (b) A dealer may conduct business temporarily at a lo- Sec. 10. RCW 9.41.110 and 2009 c 479 s 10 are each Initiative Measure No. 1639 95 cation other than the building designated in the license, if triplicate the dealer shall retain for six years. the temporary location is within Washington state and is (10) Subsections (2) through (9) of this section shall not the location of a gun show sponsored by a national, state, apply to sales at wholesale. or local organization, or an affiliate of any such organiza- (11) The dealer’s licenses authorized to be issued by tion, devoted to the collection, competitive use, or other this section are general licenses covering all sales by the sporting use of firearms in the community. Nothing in this licensee within the effective period of the licenses. The de- subsection (6)(b) authorizes a dealer to conduct business in partment shall provide a single application form for dealer’s or from a motorized or towed vehicle. licenses and a single license form which shall indicate the In conducting business temporarily at a location other type or types of licenses granted. than the building designated in the license, the dealer shall (12) Except as provided in RCW 9.41.090, every city, comply with all other requirements imposed on dealers by town, and political subdivision of this state is prohibited RCW 9.41.090, 9.41.100, and ((9.41.110)) this section. The from requiring the purchaser to secure a permit to purchase license of a dealer who fails to comply with the require- or from requiring the dealer to secure an individual permit ments of RCW 9.41.080 and 9.41.090 and subsection (8) for each sale. of this section while conducting business at a temporary Sec. 11. RCW 9.41.113 and 2017 c 264 s 2 are each location shall be revoked, and the dealer shall be perma- amended to read as follows: nently ineligible for a dealer’s license. (1) All firearm sales or transfers, in whole or part in this (7) The license or a copy thereof, certified by the issuing state including without limitation a sale or transfer where authority, shall be displayed on the premises in the area either the purchaser or seller or transferee or transferor is in where firearms are sold, or at the temporary location, where Washington, shall be subject to background checks unless it can easily be read. specifically exempted by state or federal law. The back- (8)(a) No pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle may be sold: ground check requirement applies to all sales or transfers (i) In violation of any provisions of RCW 9.41.010 through including, but not limited to, sales and transfers through a 9.41.810; nor (ii) may a pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle licensed dealer, at gun shows, online, and between unli- be sold under any circumstances unless the purchaser is censed persons. personally known to the dealer or shall present clear evi- (2) No person shall sell or transfer a firearm unless: dence of his or her identity. (a) The person is a licensed dealer; (b) A dealer who sells or delivers any firearm in violation (b) The purchaser or transferee is a licensed dealer; or of RCW 9.41.080 is guilty of a class C felony. In addition to (c) The requirements of subsection (3) of this section are met. any other penalty provided for by law, the dealer is subject (3) Where neither party to a prospective firearms transac- to mandatory permanent revocation of his or her dealer’s tion is a licensed dealer, the parties to the transaction shall license and permanent ineligibility for a dealer’s license. complete the sale or transfer through a licensed dealer as (c) The license fee for pistols shall be one hundred twen- follows: ty-five dollars. The license fee for firearms other than pistols (a) The seller or transferor shall deliver the firearm to a shall be one hundred twenty-five dollars. The license fee for licensed dealer to process the sale or transfer as if it is sell- ammunition shall be one hundred twenty-five dollars. Any ing or transferring the firearm from its inventory to the pur- dealer who obtains any license under subsection (1), (2), or chaser or transferee, except that the unlicensed seller or (3) of this section may also obtain the remaining licenses transferor may remove the firearm from the business prem- without payment of any fee. The fees received under this ises of the licensed dealer while the background check is section shall be deposited in the state general fund. being conducted. If the seller or transferor removes the (9)(a) A true record in triplicate shall be made of every firearm from the business premises of the licensed dealer pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle sold, in a book kept for while the background check is being conducted, the pur- the purpose, the form of which may be prescribed by the chaser or transferee and the seller or transferor shall return director of licensing and shall be personally signed by the to the business premises of the licensed dealer and the purchaser and by the person effecting the sale, each in the seller or transferor shall again deliver the firearm to the li- presence of the other, and shall contain the date of sale, censed dealer prior to completing the sale or transfer. the caliber, make, model and manufacturer’s number of the (b) Except as provided in (a) of this subsection, the li- weapon, the name, address, occupation, and place of birth censed dealer shall comply with all requirements of federal of the purchaser, and a statement signed by the purchaser and state law that would apply if the licensed dealer were that he or she is not ineligible under ((RCW 9.41.040)) state selling or transferring the firearm from its inventory to the or federal law to possess a firearm. purchaser or transferee, including but not limited to con- (b) One copy shall within six hours be sent by certified ducting a background check on the prospective purchas- mail to the chief of police of the municipality or the sheriff er or transferee in accordance with federal and state law of the county of which the purchaser is a resident, or the requirements ((and)), fulfilling all federal and state record- state pursuant to RCW 9.41.090; the duplicate the dealer keeping requirements, and complying with the specific re- shall within seven days send to the director of licensing; the 96 Initiative Measure No. 1639 quirements and restrictions on semiautomatic assault rifles firearms as a part of the performance; (iv) to a person who in this act. is under eighteen years of age for lawful hunting, sporting, (c) The purchaser or transferee must complete, sign, and or educational purposes while under the direct supervision submit all federal, state, and local forms necessary to pro- and control of a responsible adult who is not prohibited cess the required background check to the licensed dealer from possessing firearms; (v) under circumstances in which conducting the background check. the transferee and the firearm remain in the presence of the (d) If the results of the background check indicate that the transferor; or (vi) while hunting if the hunting is legal in all purchaser or transferee is ineligible to possess a firearm, places where the person to whom the firearm is transferred then the licensed dealer shall return the firearm to the seller possesses the firearm and the person to whom the firearm or transferor. is transferred has completed all training and holds all li- (e) The licensed dealer may charge a fee that reflects the censes or permits required for such hunting, provided that fair market value of the administrative costs and efforts any temporary transfer allowed by this subsection is per- incurred by the licensed dealer for facilitating the sale or mitted only if the person to whom the firearm is transferred transfer of the firearm. is not prohibited from possessing firearms under state or (4) This section does not apply to: federal law; (a) A transfer between immediate family members, which (h) A person who (i) acquired a firearm other than a pistol for this subsection shall be limited to spouses, domestic by operation of law upon the death of the former owner of partners, parents, parents-in-law, children, siblings, sib- the firearm or (ii) acquired a pistol by operation of law upon lings-in-law, grandparents, grandchildren, nieces, neph- the death of the former owner of the pistol within the pre- ews, first cousins, aunts, and uncles, that is a bona fide gift ceding sixty days. At the end of the sixty-day period, the or loan; person must either have lawfully transferred the pistol or (b) The sale or transfer of an antique firearm; must have contacted the department of licensing to notify (c) A temporary transfer of possession of a firearm if such the department that he or she has possession of the pistol transfer is necessary to prevent imminent death or great and intends to retain possession of the pistol, in compli- bodily harm to the person to whom the firearm is trans- ance with all federal and state laws; or ferred if: (i) A sale or transfer when the purchaser or transferee is a (i) The temporary transfer only lasts as long as immedi- licensed collector and the firearm being sold or transferred ately necessary to prevent such imminent death or great is a curio or relic. bodily harm; and Sec. 12. RCW 9.41.124 and 2015 c 1 s 7 are each amend- (ii) The person to whom the firearm is transferred is not ed to read as follows: prohibited from possessing firearms under state or federal Residents of a state other than Washington may pur- law; chase rifles and shotguns, except those firearms defined (d) A temporary transfer of possession of a firearm if: (i) as semiautomatic assault rifles, in Washington: PROVIDED, The transfer is intended to prevent suicide or self-inflicted That such residents conform to the applicable provisions great bodily harm; (ii) the transfer lasts only as long as rea- of the federal Gun Control Act of 1968, Title IV, Pub. L. 90- sonably necessary to prevent death or great bodily harm; 351 as administered by the United States secretary of the and (iii) the firearm is not utilized by the transferee for any treasury: AND PROVIDED FURTHER, That such residents purpose for the duration of the temporary transfer; are eligible to purchase or possess such weapons in Wash- (e) Any law enforcement or corrections agency and, to ington and in the state in which such persons reside: AND the extent the person is acting within the course and scope PROVIDED FURTHER, That such residents are subject to of his or her employment or official duties, any law enforce- the procedures and background checks required by this ment or corrections officer, United States marshal, member chapter. of the armed forces of the United States or the national guard, or federal official; Sec. 13. RCW 9.41.240 and 1994 sp.s. c 7 s 423 are each (f) A federally licensed gunsmith who receives a firearm amended to read as follows: solely for the purposes of service or repair, or the return of (1) A person under twenty-one years of age may not pur- the firearm to its owner by the federally licensed gunsmith; chase a pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle, and except (g) The temporary transfer of a firearm (i) between spous- as otherwise provided in this chapter, no person may sell es or domestic partners; (ii) if the temporary transfer oc- or transfer a semiautomatic assault rifle to a person under curs, and the firearm is kept at all times, at an established twenty-one years of age. shooting range authorized by the governing body of the (2) Unless an exception under RCW 9.41.042, 9.41.050, jurisdiction in which such range is located; (iii) if the tempo- or 9.41.060 applies, a person at least eighteen years of rary transfer occurs and the transferee’s possession of the age, but less than twenty-one years of age, may possess a firearm is exclusively at a lawful organized competition in- pistol only: volving the use of a firearm, or while participating in or prac- (((1))) (a) In the person’s place of abode; ticing for a performance by an organized group that uses (((2))) (b) At the person’s fixed place of business; or Initiative Measure No. 1639 97

(((3))) (c) On real property under his or her control. tions in this section apply throughout this chapter. (3) Except in the places and situations identified in RCW (1) “Antique firearm” means a firearm or replica of a fire- 9.41.042 (1) through (9) and 9.41.060 (1) through (10), a arm not designed or redesigned for using rim fire or con- person at least eighteen years of age, but less than twen- ventional center fire ignition with fixed ammunition and ty-one years of age, may possess a semiautomatic assault manufactured in or before 1898, including any matchlock, rifle only: flintlock, percussion cap, or similar type of ignition system (a) In the person’s place of abode; and also any firearm using fixed ammunition manufactured (b) At the person’s fixed place of business; in or before 1898, for which ammunition is no longer manu- (c) On real property under his or her control; or factured in the United States and is not readily available in (d) For the specific purpose of (i) moving to a new place the ordinary channels of commercial trade. of abode; (ii) traveling between the person’s place of abode (2) “Barrel length” means the distance from the bolt face and real property under his or her control; or (iii) selling or of a closed action down the length of the axis of the bore transferring the firearm in accordance with the require- to the crown of the muzzle, or in the case of a barrel with ments of this chapter; provided that in all of these situa- attachments to the end of any legal device permanently tions the semiautomatic assault rifle is unloaded and either attached to the end of the muzzle. in secure gun storage or secured with a trigger lock or sim- (3) “Bump-fire stock” means a butt stock designed to be ilar device that is designed to prevent the unauthorized use attached to a semiautomatic firearm with the effect of in- or discharge of the firearm. creasing the rate of fire achievable with the semiautomatic Sec. 14. RCW 9.41.129 and 2005 c 274 s 203 are each firearm to that of a fully automatic firearm by using the en- amended to read as follows: ergy from the recoil of the firearm to generate reciprocating The department of licensing ((may)) shall keep copies or action that facilitates repeated activation of the trigger. records of applications for concealed pistol licenses pro- (4) “Crime of violence” means: vided for in RCW 9.41.070, copies or records of applica- (a) Any of the following felonies, as now existing or here- tions for alien firearm licenses, copies or records of appli- after amended: Any felony defined under any law as a class cations to purchase pistols or semiautomatic assault rifles A felony or an attempt to commit a class A felony, criminal provided for in RCW 9.41.090, and copies or records of solicitation of or criminal conspiracy to commit a class A pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle transfers provided for felony, manslaughter in the first degree, manslaughter in in RCW 9.41.110. The copies and records shall not be dis- the second degree, indecent liberties if committed by forc- closed except as provided in RCW 42.56.240(4). ible compulsion, kidnapping in the second degree, arson in the second degree, assault in the second degree, assault NEW SECTION. Sec. 15. A new section is added to of a child in the second degree, extortion in the first de- chapter 9.41 RCW to read as follows: gree, burglary in the second degree, residential burglary, (1) Within twelve months of the effective date of this sec- and robbery in the second degree; tion, the department of licensing shall, in conjunction with (b) Any conviction for a felony offense in effect at any time the Washington state patrol and other state and local law prior to June 6, 1996, which is comparable to a felony clas- enforcement agencies as necessary, develop a cost-effec- sified as a crime of violence in (a) of this subsection; and tive and efficient process to: (c) Any federal or out-of-state conviction for an offense (a) Verify, on an annual or more frequent basis, that per- comparable to a felony classified as a crime of violence sons who acquired pistols or semiautomatic assault rifles under (a) or (b) of this subsection. pursuant to this chapter remain eligible to possess a fire- (5) “Curio or relic” has the same meaning as provided in arm under state and federal law; and 27 C.F.R. Sec. 478.11. (b) If such persons are determined to be ineligible for any (6) “Dealer” means a person engaged in the business of reason, (i) notify and provide the relevant information to the selling firearms at wholesale or retail who has, or is required chief of police or the sheriff of the jurisdiction in which the to have, a federal firearms license under 18 U.S.C. Sec. purchaser resides and (ii) take steps to ensure such per- 923(a). A person who does not have, and is not required sons are not illegally in possession of firearms. to have, a federal firearms license under 18 U.S.C. Sec. (2) The department of licensing, where appropriate, may 923(a), is not a dealer if that person makes only occasion- consult with individuals from the public and private sec- al sales, exchanges, or purchases of firearms for the en- tor or ask the individuals to establish a temporary advisory hancement of a personal collection or for a hobby, or sells committee to accomplish the purposes in subsection (1) of all or part of his or her personal collection of firearms. this section. Members of such an advisory committee are (7) “Family or household member” means “family” or not entitled to expense reimbursement. “household member” as used in RCW 10.99.020. Sec. 16. RCW 9.41.010 and 2018 c 7 s 1 are each amend- (8) “Felony” means any felony offense under the laws of ed to read as follows: this state or any federal or out-of-state offense comparable Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the defini- to a felony offense under the laws of this state. 98 Initiative Measure No. 1639

(9) “Felony firearm offender” means a person who has therefrom at the rate of five or more shots per second. previously been convicted or found not guilty by reason of (19) “Nonimmigrant alien” means a person defined as insanity in this state of any felony firearm offense. A per- such in 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(15). son is not a felony firearm offender under this chapter if (20) “Person” means any individual, corporation, compa- any and all qualifying offenses have been the subject of an ny, association, firm, partnership, club, organization, soci- expungement, pardon, annulment, certificate, or rehabili- ety, joint stock company, or other legal entity. tation, or other equivalent procedure based on a finding of (21) “Pistol” means any firearm with a barrel less than the rehabilitation of the person convicted or a pardon, an- sixteen inches in length, or is designed to be held and fired nulment, or other equivalent procedure based on a finding by the use of a single hand. of innocence. (22) “Rifle” meansa weapon designed or redesigned, (10) “Felony firearm offense” means: made or remade, and intended to be fired from the shoul- (a) Any felony offense that is a violation of this chapter; der and designed or redesigned, made or remade, and in- (b) A violation of RCW 9A.36.045; tended to use the energy of the explosive in a fixed metallic (c) A violation of RCW 9A.56.300; cartridge to fire only a single projectile through a rifled bore (d) A violation of RCW 9A.56.310; for each single pull of the trigger. (e) Any felony offense if the offender was armed with a (23) “Sale” and “sell” mean the actual approval of the de- firearm in the commission of the offense. livery of a firearm in consideration of payment or promise of (11) “Firearm” means a weapon or device from which a payment. projectile or projectiles may be fired by an explosive such (24) “Secure gun storage” means: as gunpowder. “Firearm” does not include a flare gun or (a) A locked box, gun safe, or other secure locked stor- other pyrotechnic visual distress signaling device, or a age space that is designed to prevent unauthorized use or powder-actuated tool or other device designed solely to be discharge of a firearm; and used for construction purposes. (b) The act of keeping an unloaded firearm stored by such (12) “Gun” has the same meaning as firearm. means. (13) “Law enforcement officer” includes a general author- (25) “Semiautomatic assault rifle” means any rifle which ity Washington peace officer as defined in RCW 10.93.020, utilizes a portion of the energy of a firing cartridge to extract or a specially commissioned Washington peace officer as the fired cartridge case and chamber the next round, and defined in RCW 10.93.020. “Law enforcement officer” also which requires a separate pull of the trigger to fire each includes a limited authority Washington peace officer as cartridge. defined in RCW 10.93.020 if such officer is duly authorized “Semiautomatic assault rifle” does not include antique by his or her employer to carry a concealed pistol. firearms, any firearm that has been made permanently in- (14) “Lawful permanent resident” has the same meaning operable, or any firearm that is manually operated by bolt, afforded a person “lawfully admitted for permanent resi- pump, lever, or slide action. dence” in 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(20). (26) “Serious offense” means any of the following felonies (15) “Licensed collector” means a person who is federally or a felony attempt to commit any of the following felonies, licensed under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923(b). as now existing or hereafter amended: (16) “Licensed dealer” means a person who is federally (a) Any crime of violence; licensed under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923(a). (b) Any felony violation of the uniform controlled sub- (17) “Loaded” means: stances act, chapter 69.50 RCW, that is classified as a (a) There is a cartridge in the chamber of the firearm; class B felony or that has a maximum term of imprisonment (b) Cartridges are in a clip that is locked in place in the of at least ten years; firearm; (c) Child molestation in the second degree; (c) There is a cartridge in the cylinder of the firearm, if the (d) Incest when committed against a child under age firearm is a revolver; fourteen; (d) There is a cartridge in the tube or magazine that is (e) Indecent liberties; inserted in the action; or (f) Leading organized crime; (e) There is a ball in the barrel and the firearm is capped (g) Promoting prostitution in the first degree; or primed if the firearm is a muzzle loader. (h) Rape in the third degree; (18) “Machine gun” means any firearm known as a ma- (i) Drive-by shooting; chine gun, mechanical rifle, submachine gun, or any oth- (j) Sexual exploitation; er mechanism or instrument not requiring that the trigger (k) Vehicular assault, when caused by the operation or be pressed for each shot and having a reservoir clip, disc, driving of a vehicle by a person while under the influence of drum, belt, or other separable mechanical device for stor- intoxicating liquor or any drug or by the operation or driving ing, carrying, or supplying ammunition which can be load- of a vehicle in a reckless manner; ed into the firearm, mechanism, or instrument, and fired (l) Vehicular homicide, when proximately caused by the driv- Initiative Measure No. 1639 | Initiative Measure No. 940 99 ing of any vehicle by any person while under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug as defined by RCW 46.61.502, Complete Text or by the operation of any vehicle in a reckless manner; Initiative Measure No. 940 (m) Any other class B felony offense with a finding of AN ACT Relating to law enforcement; amending RCW sexual motivation, as “sexual motivation” is defined under 9A.16.040; adding new sections to chapter 43.101 RCW; RCW 9.94A.030; adding new sections to chapter 36.28A RCW; and creat- (n) Any other felony with a deadly weapon verdict under ing new sections. RCW 9.94A.825; BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF (o) Any felony offense in effect at any time prior to June 6, WASHINGTON: 1996, that is comparable to a serious offense, or any fed- eral or out-of-state conviction for an offense that under the PART I laws of this state would be a felony classified as a serious TITLE AND INTENT offense; or NEW SECTION. Sec. 1. This act may be known and cit- (p) Any felony conviction under RCW 9.41.115. ed as the law enforcement training and community safety (((25))) (27) “Short-barreled rifle” means a rifle having one act. or more barrels less than sixteen inches in length and any NEW SECTION. Sec. 2. The intent of the people in en- weapon made from a rifle by any means of modification if acting this act is to make our communities safer. This is such modified weapon has an overall length of less than accomplished by requiring law enforcement officers to twenty-six inches. obtain violence de-escalation and mental health training, (((26))) (28) “Short-barreled shotgun” means a shot- so that officers will have greater skills to resolve conflicts gun having one or more barrels less than eighteen inches without the use of physical or deadly force. Law enforce- in length and any weapon made from a shotgun by any ment officers will receive first aid training and be required means of modification if such modified weapon has an to render first aid, which will save lives and be a positive overall length of less than twenty-six inches. point of contact between law enforcement officers and (((27))) (29) “Shotgun” means a weapon with one or more community members to increase trust and reduce con- barrels, designed or redesigned, made or remade, and in- flicts. Finally, the initiative adopts a “good faith” standard tended to be fired from the shoulder and designed or rede- for officer criminal liability in those exceptional circum- signed, made or remade, and intended to use the energy stances where deadly force is used, so that officers using of the explosive in a fixed shotgun shell to fire through a deadly force in carrying out their duties in good faith will smooth bore either a number of ball shot or a single projec- not face prosecution. tile for each single pull of the trigger. (((28))) (30) “Transfer” means the intended delivery of a PART II firearm to another person without consideration of pay- REQUIRING LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS TO ment or promise of payment including, but not limited to, RECEIVE VIOLENCE DE-ESCALATION TRAINING gifts and loans. “Transfer” does not include the delivery of a NEW SECTION. Sec. 3. A new section is added to firearm owned or leased by an entity licensed or qualified to chapter 43.101 RCW to read as follows: do business in the state of Washington to, or return of such (1) Beginning one year after the effective date of this a firearm by, any of that entity’s employees or agents, de- section, all law enforcement officers in the state of Wash- fined to include volunteers participating in an honor guard, ington must receive violence de-escalation training. Law for lawful purposes in the ordinary course of business. enforcement officers beginning employment after the ef- (((29))) (31) “Unlicensed person” means any person who fective date of this section must successfully complete is not a licensed dealer under this chapter. such training within the first fifteen months of employ- NEW SECTION. Sec. 17. This act takes effect July 1, ment. The commission shall set the date by which oth- 2019, except for section 13 of this act which takes effect er law enforcement officers must successfully complete January 1, 2019. such training. (2) All law enforcement officers shall periodically receive NEW SECTION. Sec. 18. The director of the department continuing violence de-escalation training to practice of licensing may take the necessary steps to ensure that their skills, update their knowledge and training, and learn this act is implemented on its effective date. about new legal requirements and violence de-escalation NEW SECTION. Sec. 19. If any provision of this act or its strategies. application to any person or circumstance is held invalid (3) The commission shall set training requirements or preempted by federal law, the remainder of the act or through the procedures in section 5 of this act. the application of the provision to other persons or circum- PART III stances is not affected. REQUIRING LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS TO --- END --- RECEIVE MENTAL HEALTH TRAINING 100 Initiative Measure No. 940

NEW SECTION. Sec. 4. A new section is added to chap- (f) Alternatives to the use of physical or deadly force so ter 43.101 RCW to read as follows: that deadly force is used only when unavoidable and as a (1) Beginning one year after the effective date of this sec- last resort; tion, all law enforcement officers in the state of Washing- (g) Mental health and policing, including bias and stigma; ton must receive mental health training. Law enforcement and officers beginning employment after the effective date of (h) Using public service, including rendering of first aid, this section must successfully complete such training with- to provide a positive point of contact between law enforce- in the first fifteen months of employment. The commission ment officers and community members to increase trust shall set the date by which other law enforcement officers and reduce conflicts. must successfully complete such training. (3) The initial violence de-escalation training must edu- (2) All law enforcement officers shall periodically receive cate officers on the good faith standard for use of deadly continuing mental health training to update their knowledge force established by this act and how that standard ad- about mental health issues and associated legal require- vances violence de-escalation goals. ments, and to update and practice skills for interacting with (4) The commission may provide trainings, alone or in people with mental health issues. partnership with private parties or law enforcement agen- (3) The commission shall set training requirements cies, authorize private parties or law enforcement agencies through the procedures in section 5 of this act. to provide trainings, or any combination thereof. The entity PART IV providing the training may charge a reasonable fee. TRAINING REQUIREMENTS SHALL BE SET IN PART V CONSULTATION WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT AND ESTABLISHING LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS’ COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS DUTY TO RENDER FIRST AID NEW SECTION. Sec. 5. A new section is added to chap- NEW SECTION. Sec. 6. A new section is added to chap- ter 43.101 RCW to read as follows: ter 36.28A RCW to read as follows: (1) Within six months after the effective date of this sec- (1) It is the policy of the state of Washington that all law tion, the commission must consult with law enforcement enforcement personnel must render first aid to save lives. agencies and community stakeholders and adopt rules for (2) Within one year after the effective date of this section, carrying out the training requirements of sections 3 and 4 the Washington state criminal justice training commission, of this act. Such rules must, at a minimum: in consultation with the Washington state patrol, the Wash- (a) Adopt training hour requirements and curriculum for ington association of sheriffs and police chiefs, organiza- initial violence de-escalation trainings required by this act; tions representing state and local law enforcement officers, (b) Adopt training hour requirements and curriculum for health providers and/or health policy organizations, tribes, initial mental health trainings required by this act, which and community stakeholders, shall develop guidelines for may include all or part of the mental health training curricu- implementing the duty to render first aid adopted in this la established under RCW 43.101.227 and 43.101.427; section. The guidelines must: (a) Adopt first aid training re- (c) Adopt training hour requirements and curricula for quirements; (b) assist agencies and law enforcement offi- continuing trainings required by this act; cers in balancing competing public health and safety du- (d) Establish means by which law enforcement officers ties; and (c) establish that law enforcement officers have a will receive trainings required by this act; and paramount duty to preserve the life of persons whom the (e) Require compliance with this act’s training require- officer comes into direct contact with while carrying out ments as a condition of maintaining certification. official duties, including providing or facilitating immediate (2) In developing curricula, the commission shall consider first aid to those in agency care or custody at the earliest inclusion of the following: opportunity. (a) De-escalation in patrol tactics and interpersonal com- PART VI munication training, including tactical methods that use ADOPTING A “GOOD FAITH” STANDARD FOR LAW time, distance, cover, and concealment, to avoid escalating ENFORCEMENT OFFICER USE OF DEADLY FORCE situations that lead to violence; (b) Alternatives to jail booking, arrest, or citation in situa- Sec. 7. RCW 9A.16.040 and 1986 c 209 s 2 are each tions where appropriate; amended to read as follows: (c) Implicit and explicit bias, cultural competency, and the (1) Homicide or the use of deadly force is justifiable in the historical intersection of race and policing; following cases: (d) Skills including de-escalation techniques to effective- (a) When a public officer applies deadly force ((is acting)) ly, safely, and respectfully interact with people with disabil- in obedience to the judgment of a competent court; or ities and/or behavioral health issues; (b) When necessarily used by a peace officer meeting the (e) “Shoot/don’t shoot” scenario training; good faith standard of this section to overcome actual re- sistance to the execution of the legal process, mandate, Initiative Measure No. 940 101 or order of a court or officer, or in the discharge of a legal (d) Where the use of deadly force results in death, sub- duty((.)); or stantial bodily harm, or great bodily harm, an independent (c) When necessarily used by a peace officer meeting the investigation must be completed to inform the determina- good faith standard of this section or person acting under tion of whether the use of deadly force met the objective the officer’s command and in the officer’s aid: good faith test established by this section and satisfied (i) To arrest or apprehend a person who the officer rea- other applicable laws and policies. sonably believes has committed, has attempted to commit, (6) For the purpose of this section, “law enforcement is committing, or is attempting to commit a felony; officer” means any law enforcement officer in the state (ii) To prevent the escape of a person from a federal or of Washington, including but not limited to law enforce- state correctional facility or in retaking a person who es- ment personnel and peace officers as defined by RCW capes from such a facility; ((or)) 43.101.010. (iii) To prevent the escape of a person from a county or (7) This section shall not be construed as: city jail or holding facility if the person has been arrested (a) Affecting the permissible use of force by a person act- for, charged with, or convicted of a felony; or ing under the authority of RCW 9A.16.020 or 9A.16.050; or (iv) To lawfully suppress a riot if the actor or another par- (b) Preventing a law enforcement agency from adopt- ticipant is armed with a deadly weapon. ing standards pertaining to its use of deadly force that are (2) In considering whether to use deadly force under sub- more restrictive than this section. section (1)(c) of this section, to arrest or apprehend any PART VII person for the commission of any crime, the peace officer MISCELLANEOUS must have probable cause to believe that the suspect, if not apprehended, poses a threat of serious physical harm NEW SECTION. Sec. 8. The provisions of this act are to to the officer or a threat of serious physical harm to oth- be liberally construed to effectuate the intent, policies, and ers. Among the circumstances which may be considered purposes of this act. Nothing in this act precludes local ju- by peace officers as a “threat of serious physical harm” are risdictions or law enforcement agencies from enacting ad- the following: ditional training requirements or requiring law enforcement (a) The suspect threatens a peace officer with a weapon officers to provide first aid in more circumstances than re- or displays a weapon in a manner that could reasonably be quired by this act or guidelines adopted under this act. construed as threatening; or NEW SECTION. Sec. 9. Except where a different timeline (b) There is probable cause to believe that the suspect is provided in this act, the Washington state criminal justice has committed any crime involving the infliction or threat- training commission must adopt any rules necessary for ened infliction of serious physical harm. carrying out the requirements of this act within one year Under these circumstances deadly force may also after the effective date of this section. In carrying out all rule be used if necessary to prevent escape from the officer, making under this act, the commission shall seek input from where, if feasible, some warning is given, provided the offi- the attorney general, law enforcement agencies, tribes, and cer meets the good faith standard of this section. community stakeholders. The commission shall consider (3) A public officer ((or peace officer)) covered by subsec- the use of negotiated rule making. The rules must require tion (1)(a) of this section shall not be held criminally liable that procedures under RCW 9A.16.040(5)(d) be carried out for using deadly force without malice and with a good faith completely independent of the agency whose officer was belief that such act is justifiable pursuant to this section. involved in the use of deadly force; and, when the deadly (4) A law enforcement officer shall not be held criminally force is used on a tribal member, such procedures must liable for using deadly force if such officer meets the good include consultation with the member’s tribe and, where faith standard adopted in this section. appropriate, information sharing with such tribe. Where (5) The following good faith standard is adopted for law this act requires involvement of community stakeholders, enforcement officer use of deadly force: input must be sought from organizations advocating for: (a) The good faith standard is met only if both the objec- Persons with disabilities; members of the lesbian, gay, bi- tive good faith test in (b) of this subsection and the subjec- sexual, transgender, and queer community; persons of col- tive good faith test in (c) of this subsection are met. or; immigrants; non-citizens; native Americans; youth; and (b) The objective good faith test is met if a reasonable formerly incarcerated persons. officer, in light of all the facts and circumstances known NEW SECTION. Sec. 10. If any provision of this act or its to the officer at the time, would have believed that the use application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, of deadly force was necessary to prevent death or serious the remainder of the act or the application of the provision physical harm to the officer or another individual. to other persons or circumstances is not affected. (c) The subjective good faith test is met if the officer in- tended to use deadly force for a lawful purpose and sin- NEW SECTION. Sec. 11. For constitutional purposes, cerely and in good faith believed that the use of deadly the subject of this act is “law enforcement.” force was warranted in the circumstance. --- END --- 102

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GENERAL ELECTION NOVEMBER 6

Residential Customer EDITION 7

King County 98001, 98002, 98003, 98010, 98030, 98031, 98032, 98035, 98038, 98042, 98051, 98055, 98056, 98057, 98058, 98059, 98063, 98064, 98071, 98089, 98093, 98198 King County Carrier Routes Only: 98022, 98023, 98047, YOUR BALLOT WILL BE MAILED BY OCTOBER 19 98092, 98354, 98422 2018 (800) 448-4881 | vote.wa.gov

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