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Infesting Phaseolus Vulgaris Aziza, M.M

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Infesting Phaseolus Vulgaris Aziza, M.M Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (2): 339 - 351 Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Efficacy of predatory phytoseiid mites and biopesticides for controlling Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) infesting Phaseolus vulgaris Aziza, M.M. Abou-Zaid1; Samia, A. Yassin1 ; Mohamed, H. Mahgoub1 and Marwa, S. Kamel2 1Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt . 2Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University 41522, Ismailia, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO Abstract: Article History The kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. is one of Received: 8 / 4 / 2019 the most important economic vegetable crops cultivated Accepted:24 / 6 /2019 in Egypt and many countries of the world as a main _______________ source of protein. This study dealt with the efficiency of Keywords two predatory phytoseiid mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis Phaseolus vulgaris, Athias-Henriot, Typhlodromips swirskii (Athias- Tetranychus urticae, Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae); fungal pathogen Phytoseiulus persimilis, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) and the biopesticide Typhlodromips Abamectin 1.8 EC. + mineral oil Cable against the eggs, swirskii, biopesticide immature and adults of Tetranychus urticae Koch and Egypt. (Acari: Tetranychidae) infesting two cultivars of both P. vulgaris (Hama and Bolista) under net house conditions at Beheira Governorate during 2016 season. Highly reduction percentage was achieved by the predatory mite P. persimilis, the biopesticide Abamectin 1.8 EC. + mineral oil Cable and fungal pathogen B.bassiana , followed by the other predatory mite T. swirskii when compared with the untreated plants. Also, the results indicated that accarine pests are only a part of biological complex of which predacious mites, particularly phytoseiid group, could be of value in checking infestations. Introduction The kidney bean Phaseolus the cultivated area was about 73022 vulgaris L. is the popularity feddens with production 330257 tones of the crop originates from the fact that for green beans and 49639 feddens with it is relatively easy to produce, production 60794 tones for dry beans in lavorful and versatile and many Governorates for exportation and a good source of nutrition. According to local consumption. The kidney bean the report of economic affairs sector, plants are infested by many pests which Department of Agricultural Economics, cause a great damage in both quantity Ministry of Agriculture (2007), and quality. The spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: 339 Abou-Zaid et al., 2019 Tetranychidae) and some piercing The present study aims to sucking pests' viz. Thrips evaluate the efficiency of the predatory tabaci (Lindeman) (Thysanoptera: mits P. persimilis and T. swirskii as Thripidae), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) well as the fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the leaf and the biocide Abamectin+ mineral oil miner Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Cable on two varieties (Hama and Agromyzidae) are the majority pests Bolista) of kidney bean plants under infested kidney bean cultivars (El- controlled net house conditions against Saiedy et al., 2012). These pests cause the egg, immature stages and adults of great damage to the plant feeds on the T. urticae during 2016 plantation plant sap causing serious damage season at Behaira Governorate. varying according to the degree of Mateials and methods infestations (Habashy, 2000; Iskandar 1. Experimental design: et al., 2002; Mahgoub, 2006; Abd El To study the effect of different Gawwad, 2008 and El-Saiedy et al., types of biocontrol agents, four 2011). treatments were carried out on kidney The aforementioned pests have bean plants in Beheira Governorate , been rapidly developing resistance to a using the two predatory mites, P. series of pestisids and have recently persimilis and T. swirskii, the fungus, B. assumed a new aspect of multiple bassiana + mineral oil Cable oil, and resistances (Pree et al., 2002). The the biocide Abamectin 1.8EC + mineral extensive use of pesticides can promote oil Cable oil. The aforementioned negative impacts on human health and experimental treatments were compared on ecosystems, besides reducing the with untreated plants (control). number of species and density of Kidney beans (P. vulgaris) Hama natural enemies, developing resistance and Bolista cultivars seeds were planted and increasing production costs. To in the net house on 16th October, 2016. reduce these problems, it is necessary to The net house was divided into ten reduce the chemical control by equal plots. Each plot was divided into replacement of such pesticides by using three separated replicates (each one biocides with releasing predatory mites. represented by five rows about 25 m- Biological control means the control of long). The trail plots were arranged in pests with predators, parasitoids and randomized complete block design for pathogens. Successful biocontrol can be each treatment. All the experimental obtained in many cases (Messelink et plots received the standard cultivation al., 2006 and 2008). Phytoseiulus practices of that area including organic persimilis Athias-Henriot and and mineral fertilization, drip irrigation Typhlodromips swirskii (Athias- and mechanical control was applied to Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are a remove weeds. Pesticides were avoided polyphagous predators capable of entirely. preying on a number of spider mites 2. The efficiency of predators mites (Momen and El-Saway, 1993; and fungal pathogen to control Bolckmans et al., 2005; Van Houten et Tetranychus urticae: al., 2007; Abdallah et al., 2012; El- 2.1. Phytossulus persimilis and Kholy and El-Saiedy, 2009; Calvo et Typhlodrompis swirskii predators: al., 2011; Elmoghazy et al., 2011; 2.1.1. Prey culture: Dimetry et al., 2012; Abdallah et al., T. urticae, was reared on kidney 2014 and Abou-Awad et al., 2017). been plants, P. vulgaris planted in plastic pots at the rate of 20 seeds/pot 340 Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (2): 339 - 351 and put in isolated greenhouse of 2m supported with prey until the width, 2m length and 2.5m height populations of the predators become covered with a fine mesh (anti-virus) suitable for collecting. plastic net (500 holes/inch). When bean 2.1.4. Releasing of the predatory seedling were 7-10 days old inoculated mites: with leaves infested with T. urticae P. persimilis was released with collected from cucumber plants level 1:10 predators: prey one time, presented from Giza Governorate and while T. swirskii was released with when individuals of the T. urticae level 1:7 predators: prey two times moved to the new foliage of bean plant thought the experimental time (15th of the dried leaves of cucumber were February and 22nd of March). The removed 2 days later. Pots were planted required population numbers of and infested every 3-4 days to provide predatory mite individuals were continuous spider mite production. calculated according to the following 2.1.2. Predators rearing: formula (EI-Saiedy, 2003): The phytoseiid predators, P. Total no. of Tetranychus urticae in treatment X predator level persimilis and T. swirskii were reared Released number = using methods modified by (McMurtry Prey level and Seriven, 1965), large plastic box The infestation bean leaves with 25x25x10 cm were used, cotton pad the predatory mite were transferred in were put in the middle of each box on an ice-box to the greenhouse and then 2cm thick piece of sponge, leaving a distributed on infested kidney bean space provided with water as a barrier plants except the treatment which kept to prevent predatory mites from free from any controlling agents. escaping. Excised bean leaves highly 2.2. Beauveria bassiana spraying: infested with T. urticae were provided Also, B. bassiana was sprayed every other day as food source. The three times through the experiment The plastic boxes were kept in an incubator commercial pathogen compound biofly, at 25 ±1ºC and 70±5% R.H., water was B. bassiana was used at the rate of added daily to maintain suitable 75cc/100 liter of well water (free moisture for the predators rearing. chlorine). The fungal pathogen and 2.1.3. Mass rearing of the predatory Abamectin were sprayed thrice on 15th mites: of February, 22nd of March and 27th of Mass rearing was conducted in April 2016). two separated small greenhouses for 3. The efficiency of biopesticde to each predator with dimension 5m control Tetranychus urticae: width, 7m length and 2.5m height. Bean Abamectin 1.8 EC.: Formulation plants were cultivated as host plants and Type: Emulsifiable concentrate derived infested with two spotted spider mite T. from a soil actinomycete (Streptomyces urticae as a prey when the population avermitilis) and has strong insecticidal, of spider mite increased to suitable nematicidal and acaricidal activity population. Then, the predator mites (Wang and Wu, 2007) was also used at were transferred to each infested bean the rate of 100cc + 250cc mineral oil plants. The various subjects were Cable 2/100 liter of water. The fungal carried out at average temperature 25- pathogen and Abamectin were sprayed 30 ºC and relative humidity 65 ± 10%. thrice on 15th of February, 22nd of When the population of the predator March and 27th of April 2016). mites increased gradually where the rate of population investigated daily and 341 Abou-Zaid et al., 2019 4. Sampling Procedure: (pre-count) were harbored with For estimating the effect of four averages 9.80, 9.70, 9.75 and 9.80 treatments of two cultivars of kidney eggs/leaf of T. urticae , respectively and bean plants, samples of 30 leaves from 9.90 for untreated Bolista leaves while the three replicates of each treatment Hama leaves had 21.5, 21.4, 21.38, were randomly picked up just before 21.62 and 21.35 for the previously release were mite population were mentioned treatments, respectively . counted as pre-count. This procedure After one week, the obtained was repeated as post-counts. Samples results indicated reductions in number were also obtained from adjacent non- of the target pest in applied four released treatment (control) at weekly treatments on both cultivars, as T.
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