Fun to Find out About Dolphins.Pdf

Classical Christian Community Fun to find out about DOLPHINS Dear Friends, Classical Conversations is pleased to offer this at-home curriculum in support of Dolphin Tale 2. Whether it’s teaching our kids and youth about friendship, stewardship, and hope, or igniting their interest in Table of Contents oceanography and dolphins, Dolphin Tale 2 is filled Introduction 3 with so many valuable and inspiring lessons. Biology 4 I remember when the first Dolphin Tale movie was released in 2011. Classical Conversations leaders and Physical Science 12 their families rallied and organized a Homeschool Day that involved buying tickets and attending the movie’s Geography 17 opening day matinees. Our community was so excited to support actors and fellow homeschoolers Nathan Language 26 Gamble and Cozi Zuehlsdorff, who starred as “Nathan” and “Hazel.” We were also thrilled that a family movie Math 32 finally gave us a leading homeschool character who was intelligent, funny, beautiful, and so charming. Literature 36 We are thrilled to partner with Warner Bros. and Alcon History 42 Entertainment in reaching out to our fellow homeschoolers for this sequel. It is our hope that Art 49 producers create more family entertainment that inspires curiosity while promoting values such as hope, Bible 59 courage, and the importance of family. Get Involved 65 Peace be with you, For Parents 69

Robert Bortins CEO, Classical Conversations, Inc.

2 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Introduction The love of learning comes from exploring a topic and discovering lots of new things related to it. Teaching your children to ask lots of good questions will help them experience the excite- ment of learning. Teach them to use a topic wheel to help generate questions and ignite their curiosity. This can be used with any age group because once you start asking questions and enjoying learning, you want to keep on learning, no matter how old you are!

This booklet was designed to go along with the movie Dolphin Tale 2. After watching the movie, use this booklet to inspire more learning and show your This is our topic wheel. We put the topic we want to learn more about children how much fun it is to learn. in the center, then go to each outer circle and ask questions to see what we can learn about with dolphins in each subject. After we use the topic wheel to generate lots of questions, we get to enjoy discovering all the answers!

DOLPHIN TALE 2 3 What is a Dolphin? is What HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM 4 When scientists want to describe an animal, they do what want to describe an animal, When scientists is called “classification.” it! things, too, without realizing classify probably You describe that friend. You you have. Now, Think of a friend - might specify wheth You start broadly. would probably might add an animal. You er your friend is a human or or a girl. Then, you might whether your friend is a boy hair You might describe your friend’s specific. get more last might even tell us his or shoe size. You height, color, is. name so we know who his family do! They start with the most This is exactly what scientists sci- there, From organism. general characteristic of an specific, and more and more specific, entists get more and named an individ- specific, until they have identified Classification systems go all the way back ual organism. Aristotle. Our modern philosopher system to the Greek Carl Linnaeus, who lived in dates back to a man named Sweden in the 1700s.

BIOLOGY much energy itneeds. even seals.Thedietdependsonthetypeofdolphinandhow ergy byeating.Dolphins eat awidevarietyoffish,squid,or of thekingdomAnimalia.Allmembersgeten- get energy from eatingthings.Thismeanstheyare amember thatdolphins,likeyouandme, behave, scientistsdetermined of livingthings.Afterstudyingdolphinsandwatchingthem is alive.)Scientistshaveidentifiedeitherfiveorsixkingdoms even earlier, withthequestionofwhether ornotanorganism the kingdom.(Somescientiststodaythinkweshouldbegin The traditionalclassificationsystembeginsatalevelcalled Kingdom You andIare mammals,too. . Youin theclassMammalia mightknowtheseas“mammals.” with whiskeryhairsaround their beaks.)Thismeanstheyare scriptions! (You mightnotknowthis,butdolphinsare born gory, theclassofanorganism. Dolphinsfitallofthesede- produces thenextcate- milkforitsbabies.Thisdetermines hashairatsomepointduringitslife,and warm-blooded, to gainenergy. Next,scientistsaskwhethertheanimalis Now weknowthatdolphinshaveaspinalcord andeat Class DOLPHIN TALE 2 only otherCetaceans are whalesandporpoises. means dolphinsfitinto theorder Cetacea.The to side.Thisisdifferent from howfishswim.This by movingtheirtailsupanddownrather thanside lungs andbreathe air, andtheypropel themselves they swimandhowbreathe. Dolphinspossess out dolphins’order, we havetothinkabouthow Scientists callthenextrankorder. To figure Order frogs, birds, dogs,anddolphins! called Chordata. Thisphylumincludesanimalslike a spinalcord, thescientistplacesitinphylum does have a livingthinginthekingdomAnimalia donothavethem.If mals, likejellyfishandworms, you cantell,theyare veryimportant!Someani- pick thingsup,walk,orfeelpaininyourbody. As from thebrainbackto body. Theytellyouto deliver messagesfrom thebodytobrain,and the brain.Thesenervesworklikeamailman.They fers toagroup ofnervesthatrunupthebackto mines thedolphin’s phylum.Thespinalcord re - whether dolphinshaveaspinalcord. Thisdeter After identifyingthekingdom,scientistsasked Phylum -

BIOLOGY BIOLOGY Family Next, scientists place dolphins into a family. A Genus dolphin’s family is called Delphinidae. (Some whales, Now, scientists narrow their list down to certain types like the killer whale, are also members of this family.) of dolphins. This next group is called the genus. The Delphinids have beaked mouths and twenty or more genus Tursiops refers to dolphins like Winter, which pairs of teeth. The members of this family are smart are recognizable by their short beaks and large brains. and swim in groups. They even hunt for food This genus includes only dolphins. together. Sometimes dolphins will surround a group of fish so the fish cannot get away, and then take turns diving in to eat.

Species Tursiops truncatus Kingdom: Animalia There are many different types, or species, of dolphins. Each has slight differences in size and color. Phylum: Chordata Some dolphins have stripes, or square-shaped heads, Class: Mammalia or spots. When scientists name something, they use Order: Cetacea a combination of its genus and its species. (Did you Family: Delphinidae know that the scientific name for humans is Homo Genus: Tursiops sapiens?) Winter is a Tursiops truncatus, also known Species: Truncatus as a common bottlenose dolphin. Now you know exactly how to classify a dolphin, just like a scientist.

6 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM an ______(animal/vegetable/mineral).” game beginswhentheanswerer says,“I’mthinkingof George Washington, acarrot, oradiamond.The the otherswhatitis.Thesubjectmightbeadolphin, 1. Theanswerer choosesasubjectbutdoesnottell the questioner(s). “Twenty Questions,”withatleast one otherfriend.Oneofyouwillbetheanswerer andtherest willbe Practice yournewclassificationskillsbyplaying“Animal, Vegetable, Mineral,”avariationofthegame Game: Animal,Vegetable,Mineral DOLPHIN TALE 2 with anewanswerer. out, theanswerer winsthatround andplaybegins twenty questions,theywin!Ifcannotfigure it If theycanguesstheidentityofsubjectwithin man?” or“Are youthinkingofafictionalcharacter?” subject. Theymightask,“Are youthinkingofahu- questions astheytrytoguesstheidentityof askingyes-or-no2. Thequestionerstaketurns

7 BIOLOGY Flukes Belly Back Dorsal Fin Flipper Blowhole HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Eye Diagram of Bottlenose Dolphin of Bottlenose Diagram Melon Beak 8

BIOLOGY Draw theDiagram DOLPHIN TALE 2

BIOLOGY BIOLOGY How do dolphins behave?

Scientists do not know exactly how Dolphins are also very social. They travel in “pods,” groups smart dolphins are, but they agree that of two to thirty animals, and they become sad if they are left dolphins are some of the smartest ani- alone for too long, just like Winter did in the movie. Even mals in the world. Scientists have discov- though they travel in large groups, each mother dolphin still ered that dolphins can solve problems takes care of her own child. The mother has only one child at and use tools. They even have bigger a time, and she raises that child for years until it is ready to be brains than humans! The dolphin’s brain on its own. has four parts, while the human brain has three. No one knows for sure why dolphins have an extra section in their brain. Why do you think this is? Think about the way dolphins interact with humans in the Dolphin Tale movies. What do you imagine Winter and Hope are thinking about?

10 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Coloring Page BIOLOGY

DOLPHIN TALE 2 11 PHYSICAL Dolphins can swim remarkably quickly. They use their SCIENCE Why was it important for Winter tails to propel themselves forward. They do not have to swim using her prosthetic tail? strong enough muscles to swim without the tail. When Winter lost her tail she tried to swim using her muscles instead. This created a huge problem! You In both Dolphin Tale 1 and Dolphin Tale 2, Winter be- see, God created the dolphin perfectly so that all the comes very sick. Do you remember why? She was sick muscles line up to keep the spine straight when the because without her tail she couldn’t swim properly. dolphin swims with her tail. But when the dolphin She swam by moving her whole body from side to side swims from side to side instead of up and down, the instead of up and down. Many fish can swim this way— muscles work differently. This pulls the spine in weird so why would it be bad for Winter to swim this way? ways, and when the spine gets pulled it bends and moves. This makes the spine curve. Eventually, this Answer: Winter isn’t a fish! Remember that she is a will damage the spine so much that it can no longer mammal and therefore has a spinal cord. When we send messages to the brain. talked about chordates in the classification section, we learned that the spine holds many nerves and allows Luckily, Dr. McCarthy was able to invent a prosthet- the brain to talk to the body. Without the spinal cord, ic tail so that Winter could swim normally. This was no chordate can survive. The spine is supposed to stay the first time anyone had made a prosthetic tail for a straight or it can cause pain and other problems. dolphin! No one had tried to do this before because a dolphin’s tail is so unique it is hard to replicate. It has to be both strong and flexible. Since no one knew how to create a prosthetic like that, Dr. McCa- rthy had to invent the proper material and make it just right for Winter!

12 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM DOLPHIN TALE 2 monthly updatesonitshealth. supporter aphotoofthedolphintheyare sponsoringand donations rangingfrom $30.00 to$150.00.CMAsendseach sors who“adopt”adolphinbypayingfor someofitscare with The workofClearwaterMarineAquarium issupportedbyspon- night untilitiswell. They continuetomonitorthehealthofdolphinbothdayand assess itshealthcare needsanddotheirbesttomeetthem. cal attention.Oncetheteamhasdolphinintheircare, they will comeimmediatelytopickuptheanimalandprovide medi- number thatpeoplecancallanytimedayornight,andaworker jured orparkrangers.CMAhasaphone byvisitors,fishermen, Most ofthedolphinsinCMA’s care were discovered sickorin- rescue andrehabilitateinjureddolphins? How doesClearwaterMarineAquarium

PHYSICAL SCIENCE

crest

trough

wavelength amplitude HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Soundwaves 14

The reason is that every time you make a sound, you are creating physical waves, just like ripples in the water that al- physical waves, just like ripples creating is that every time you make a sound, you are The reason and hum. of your throat the front them. Place your finger against around the molecules and stretch ternately compress If you vibration? different sing a song with your finger in the same place. Can you feel a Do you feel a vibration? Now every vibration because a different Every sound produces try again, and pay close attention. cannot feel the difference, Look at this diagram of a sound wave: physical waves. different sound produces To learn how echolocation works, you will need to understand a little bit about the properties of sound. Have you ever learn a little bit about the properties you will need to understand how echolocation works, To darkness. being in that kind of complete what it was like and remember or a tunnel? Close your eyes been in a cave loud surprisingly are louder than usual? Caves that every sound seemed see and hear? Did you notice What did you places. Dolphins spend most of their lives in dark or dimly lit oceans. Under water, seeing is not the most valuable sense. When sense. the most valuable seeing is not Under water, lit oceans. in dark or dimly of their lives spend most Dolphins can sense what is around in special ways so they develop the ability to hear they cannot see clearly, animals or people “echo” it is just the words but sounds long and fancy, is called echolocation. It special way of hearing them. A dolphin’s but it works so well that to see! This may seem crazy, dolphins use sounds In echolocation, put together. and “location” have learnedsome scientists how to use it, too. PHYSICAL SCIENCE Tale moviesoronline. find samplesofdolphins’clickingsounds intheDolphin order tofindexactlywhere hisfoodislocated. You can clicks (thewayyouaimtheballwhen throw it)in must beanobjectaround. Thedolphincanevenaimhis result, ifanyclicksbounce back,thedolphinknowsthere there isnothingforittohit, itwillnotbounceback.Asa to thebouncyball.Ifyouthrow itintoyourbackyard and there are nowallsfortheclickstobounceoff. Thinkback clicks toechobackthem.Sincetheyare intheocean, They makehigh-pitchedclickingsoundsandwaitforthe Dolphins usethisproperty ofsoundtolocatetheirprey. That’s whycavesandtunnelsseem soloud. walls andpeopleanimalsthenbounceback. exactly whatsoundwavesdoinacave.Theybounceoff could atthewall.Itwouldbounceeverywhere! Thatis would happenifyouthrew abouncyballashard asyou cave ortunnelyouimaginedearlier. Nowimaginewhat other objectsjustlikearubberballwould.Thinkofthe Since soundwavesare physical,theycanbounceoff DOLPHIN TALE 2

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PHYSICAL SCIENCE Activity: Practice Echolocation

Go into your garage or a small room in the house Animals like dolphins, whales, and bats use echoloca- and close your eyes. Now make different sounds, tion naturally. By studying these marvelous creatures, some loud and some quiet. Listen carefully. Do you scientists have discovered ways to do the same. In hear an echo? If you do hear an echo, explain why 1900, the U.S. Navy purchased the first functional you are hearing it. Now, go outside and close your submarine, a ship that could travel safely underwa- eyes. Make the same sounds that you made inside. ter and attack enemy ships without being seen. By Do they sound different? Why? If possible, ask some- World War II, engineers had developed something one to help you record a sound played outdoors called SONAR that would allow submarines to nav- and the same sound played indoors. Listen to both igate and find their targets beneath the waves. SO- recordings, and see if you can identify which one was NAR is an acronym that stands for “sound navigation recorded outside and which one was inside. Now you and ranging.” SONAR is based on the echolocation are using your other senses, just like a dolphin would! scientists saw bats using.

16 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM world combined. more waterthanalltheriversin This current transports100times for theworld’s largest oceancurrent. important becauseitisresponsible one ofthesmallestoceans,itisvery very coldanddeep.Eventhoughitis classified asadistinctocean.Itis Antarctica. Itwasonlyrecently lies inthesouth,bordering Not surprisingly, Ocean theSouthern The Southern: marine speciescannotlivehere. it iscovered iniceallyear, somany Eurasia. Thisoceanisverycoldand region aboveNorthAmericaand of thefiveandoccupiespolar The Arctic Oceanisthesmallest The Arctic: The OceansoftheWorld DOLPHIN TALE 2 (They alsoliveintheIndian Ocean.) the Indo-Pacificbottlenose dolphins. some ofWinter’s smaller cousins, variety ofseacreatures, including Atlantic, thePacificishometoawide Portuguese word pacifico).Likethe “peaceful” (derivedfrom the deep. Thisocean’s namemeans Trench, whichisalmost 36,000feet est pointintheworld:Mariana ocean, anditcontainsthedeep- Australia. Itistheworld’s largest the AmericasandeastofAsia The PacificOceanliestothewestof The Pacific: as atraderoute forcenturies. Africa andAsiahaveusedthisocean Ocean nearAntarctica.Southern Asia, andAustraliatouchesthe in theworld.ItliesbetweenAfrica, The IndianOceanisthethird largest The Indian: you read abouttheseoceans. one atatime.Followalongonmapas Atlantic, andPacific.Let’s lookatthem are calledtheArctic, Indian, Southern, Each oceanisdifferent! Thefiveoceans you travelfrom onearea tothenext. next, theoceanalsochangeswhen when youtravelfrom onecitytothe deep. Justlikethescenerychanges because theoceansare alsovery, very water. That’s alotofwater—especially and therest ofthehouse wouldbe about asmuchspaceyourbedroom, your house.Thelandwouldtakeup Imagine thattheworldwassizeof make up71%oftheearth’s surface! There are fiveoceansintheworld.They bottlenose dolphinslikeWinter! different species,includingcommon the fiveoceansandishometomany and Africa.Itisthesecondlargest of of theAmericasandwestEurope The AtlanticOceanliestotheeast The Atlantic:

GEOGRAPHY OCEAN PACIFIC AUSTRALIA ASIA OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN SOUTHERN EUROPE AFRICA OCEAN ARCTIC ANTARCTICA OCEAN ATLANTIC SOUTH World Map World AMERICA differences did you notice between them? did you differences NORTH HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM AMERICA Have you ever visited any of these oceans? If you have visited more than one, what these oceans? If you have visited more Have you ever visited any of OCEAN PACIFIC 18

GEOGRAPHY pelagic zone.Here thesunlightstarts called thetwilightzoneormeso- A bitdeeperisthesecondzone.It pressure. are uniquelydesignedtowithstandthis That isalotofpressure! Seacreatures more waterthanthatontopofyou! big bucketofwater. Nowimaginefar Water isveryheavy. Try pickingupa entists callthis“hydrostatic pressure.” start tofeelpressure from above.Sci- down inthesunlightzone,youwill live, thiszoneisfulloflife.Ifyoudive so manycreatures needsunlightto swim, youswiminthiszone.Because feet). Whenyougotothebeach about 200meters(approximately 650 and shallowestlayer, goingdown the epipelagiczone.Thisisfirst the sunlightzone,butitisalsocalled The firstzoneiscommonlyknownas Ocean Zones DOLPHIN TALE 2 the water, socreatures thatlivethere glowinthedarkordonotneedto see. shells thrivethere. Also,deepintotheocean,sunlightcannotshinethrough land andcouldkillacreature thatwasnotstrong enough,socreatures withhard ferent partoftheocean.Forinstance,nearshore, thewavescrashinto Sea creatures can’t justliveanywhere intheocean.Eachspeciesfitsintoadif- abyssopelagic zone.You guessedit— the bathypelagiczoneand zone. Itissometimesseparatedinto The third zoneiscalledthemidnight after afamousdiver, JimJarrett.) to swimhere. (JIMsuitsare named byastronautsworn inspace,order JIM suits,whichlookliketheones tense. Peopleneedspecialsuits,called hydrostatic pressure here isveryin- energy theyneeded.Also, the none ofthefoodwouldprovide the want toeatanythinghere because eat toacquire energy. Theywouldnot energy tosurvive.Remember, dolphins most ofthespecieshere require low ocean! Sincethere issolittlesunlight, not beabletoswimthisdeepinthe meters belowthewater. You would light. Thiszonegoestoabout1,000 to fadeawayjustlikeitdoesattwi- attract theirprey. some jellyfishcanlight upatwillto creatures like thevampire squidand something called“bioluminescence,” and cold.Forexample,using them tosurvivetheextreme pressure have specialcharacteristicsthatallow creatures that liveinthiszonemust extends more than6,000meters. The the PacificOcean’s Mariana Trench. It the oceanfloorindeeptrenches like zone orhadopelagic,liesbelow The verylastzone,calledthetrench we canonlyimagine. part oftheocean,andmanycreatures things westilldonotknowaboutthis to explore thiszone.There are many scientists haveonlyrecently beenable hydrostatic pressure issointense, cause the (more than4,000meters deep). Be- meters allthewaytoseafloor midnight zonegoesfrom about1,000 there isnosunlighthere atall!The

GEOGRAPHY layers of the ocean. Dolphins thrive off the fish off Dolphins thrive and squid that live near the and squid that live near the It is thezone! epipelagic you remember how dolphins you remember they need to live close to the they need to live close to the want to swim into the deeper want to swim into the deeper surface of the ocean. Also, do surface of the ocean. Also, surface. Dolphins would never surface. Dolphins would never air through their blowholes, so their blowholes, air through breathe? They have to swim to breathe? the surface regularly to breathe breathe to the surface regularly Did you figure it out? Did you photic aphotic hadal abyssopelagic zone epipelagic zone mesopelagic zone bathypelagic zone oceanic abyssal pelagic bathyal benthic HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM neritic

sublittoral

littoral

Which zone do you think dolphins live in? live dolphins think you zone do Which GEOGRAPHY Activity: Try drawingtheocean zonesonthispage.

DOLPHIN TALE 2 would needtosurvive. Think aboutwhatcharacteristicsit would liveatthebottomofocean? What kindofcreature doyouimagine

GEOGRAPHY Sometimes, dolphins migrate because their food their food migrate because dolphins Sometimes, to eat. have to follow it in order moves and they the the case of bottlenose dolphins, Other times, in to stay south in the winter in order animals move warm. HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM

22 Dolphins do not migrate all together at one time of the at one time all together do not migrate Dolphins when they geese or whales do. However, the way year, of a reason they do. Can you think need to migrate, would have to leave their homes? why dolphins

Do dolphins migrate? migrate? dolphins Do GEOGRAPHY Dolphin Habitats and Pacificoceans. Indian inthe name suggests,live dolphins,astheir bottlenose Indo-Pacific Ocean, whilethe Atlantic inthe live ter typically Win- dolphinslike bottlenose BlackSea.Common Sea andthe Mediterranean inthe even live poles.They andSouth North verycoldareasexcept the inthe everywhereThese dolphinslive Dolphins Bottlenose DOLPHIN TALE 2 that lives all over the world. overthe all lives that humans) than mammal (other only Itisthe Southern! and the Arctic oceans,eventhe of the This dolphincanbefoundinall are a typeofdolphin? actually whales killer Did youknowthat Whales Killer animals? to somanydifferent speciesof riverishome this do youthink Amazon Riveronamap.Why America!TraceSouth the found insixdifferent countriesin Amazon Riverdolphincanbe AmazonRiverissolong,the the fresh waterfoundinrivers. Since onlyinthe This dolphinlives Amazon RiverDolphins as well. as well. hasspots nose, andsometimes It haswhiteorpinkskin,along dolphins youare usedtoseeing. dolphin looksdifferent from the there are twodifferent ones.This oceans itinhabits.Here isahint: maptofindoutwhich on the east AsiaandIndonesia.Look - This dolphinstaysnearSouth Chinese WhiteDolphins might live near.might live they continents some ofthe a map,andseeifyoucanname Antarctic. asthe south Lookat globe,butnotasfar ofthe half bottom stayonthe means they warmwater. like cause they This Hemisphere Southern the be- onlyin This typeofdolphinlives Dusky Dolphins

GEOGRAPHY with both land and water access. Aquariums try to and water access. Aquariums with both land the original habitat of as closely as possible re-create to a tank big enough require each animal. Dolphins to keep noises in. The aquarium needs swim around have to a minimum because dolphins and vibrations over stressed hearing. They can become very sensitive normal. Every ani- might think are sounds that humans excrete must also be clean. Dolphins environment mal’s than humans, so it would become very much more cleaned! smelly and dirty if not properly HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM

The word “aquarium” comes from the Latin root for Latin root the from comes “aquarium” The word that lives to a home for anything “water” and refers the same. The most are Not all aquariums in water. States house to visit in the United popular aquariums These of sea creatures. kinds of different hundreds into the aquarium bring wild creatures aquariums either injured They may also rescue them in captivity. or breed safe. They do not species to keep them or endangered to the wild. The other kind their animals typically return animals until they or injured for sick of aquarium cares to the wild. Once the animals are to return ready are that is optimal for the an act they set them free, healthy, The Clearwater Marine ecosystem and for the animals. 2 is this type. They rescue, Dolphin Tale Aquarium from animals back into the wild. and release rehabilitate, turtles, dolphins, sea ot- Aquariums play host to sea penguins, polar bears, ters, octopuses, sharks, eels, animals, so many different are Because there and more! the right create to careful the trainers have to be very the animals for each animal and make sure environment do not bother one other. Aquarium Life Life Aquarium

GEOGRAPHY two hours. strengthen herspine.She cannotwearitalldaybecausedolphinsshedtheirskinevery her trainers.Foronehoureveryday, sheswimsaround withherartificialtailinorder to other. needsextrahelpwithhertail,itisevenmore importantforhertotrust SinceWinter dolphins acceptthemasfriends.Itisimportantforthetrainersandtotrust one visitors whocometoseethem.Thetrainersplaywiththedolphinsensure thatthe balls, floatonamat,orplaywitheachother. Theyalsoenjoyshowingoff forthemany good friendsandenjoyeachother’s company. Forthemajorityofdaytheyplaywith andHopeliveclosetoeachotherinthe ClearwaterMarineAquarium.Theyare Winter Winter andHope’slifeatClearwaterMarineAquarium thrive. the environments theyneedto of animalsthatlivethere and near youandresearch thekinds tofindanaquarium Internet aparent’sWith help,usethe Activity: DOLPHIN TALE 2

GEOGRAPHY If they are fighting another dolphin, another fighting are If they shape of an “s” with they make the may also do this their bodies. They When play-fighting. when they are may bump into each they they play, or slap their tails just as click, other, showing real they were they would if doing it in but they are aggression, sport. people Dolphins communicate with in similar ways. They use many signals to communicate with different humans, such as bobbing their moving heads, waving their flippers, or nudging with their jaws rapidly, currently their noses. Scientists are accurate more and developing more ways to understand and They communicate with dolphins. for have even developed a way toys dolphins to ask for their favorite using echolocation.

They also open and close their jaws close their jaws open and They also a clicking creating very quickly, is a sign of sound. This clicking intimidate an intended to aggression a threat. enemy or announce way dolphins The most common with each other is communicate is even touch. Their skin through than human skin! This sensitive more in injured means that if you or I were exactly the same way as a dolphin, the injury would hurt the dolphin also means that hugging or It more. to them. holding hands means a lot dolphins “hold hands” with each Yes, hands other! (Scientists call it holding with their fins when they swim around each other touching.) They also touch show softly on the face or body to friends. that they are not the only Sounds and touch are They ways dolphins communicate. also use body language. HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM

How do dolphins communicate with each other? each with communicate dolphins do How Dolphins also use their bodies to Dolphins also use their bodies water make sounds. They slap the flippers, with either their tails or their that which makes a very loud sound under water. distance travels a great Scientist do know that each dolphin Scientist do know that each has a unique whistling sound—like dolphins your fingerprint. The other know each other’s in the group or trouble sounds, so if one is ever in group lost, he can whistle, and the will be able to find him. Dolphins have their own language language have their own Dolphins whistles, clicks, comprised of chirps, and body squeaks, yelps, studying are language. Scientists in an attempt this complex language They think dolphins to decipher it. other about hunt- might talk to each their emo- or even ing, predators, tions!

LANGUAGE dolphin asanecho.Nowtheknowswhere hisorherprey islocated.You andyourfriendscandothistoo! catch theirprey bymakingaclickingsound.Thatsoundbouncesoff anyprey inthearea andcomesback tothe Catch yourfriendsthesamewaydolphinscatchtheirprey. First,let’s review theconceptofecholocation.Dolphins Echolocation Game Listen closelyandgoodluck! If youare tagged,youbecomethenextdolphin. Step 5:The“dolphin”chaseshisorherprey basedonthelocationofechoes andtriestotagsomeone. imitate thesoundexactly. Step 4:Theotherplayersmustrepeat thesameclickingsoundlikeanecho.Each playershouldtryto Step 3:The“dolphin”makesaclickingsound. (Be sure toplaythisgameinasafeplace.)Theotherplayerswillbetheprey. Step 2:Chooseonepersontobethe“dolphin,”andhave“dolphin”closeorblindfold hisorhereyes. Step 1:Gatheragroup ofoneormore friends. DOLPHIN TALE 2

LANGUAGE To summarize: you become “it” become “it” you summarize: To person makes your when another goal is to answer by sound. Your and then call on making your sound, by making his or her someone else - the person in the mid sound, before the pillow. dle hits you with Good luck! The second person has to answer by to answer person has The second sound, and then call making her own by making the oth- on someone else the person sound, before er person’s hits her with the pil- in the middle the person she If she succeeds, low. becomes “it” and the has called on If she is hit with the game continues. the person in she replaces pillow, the pillow. the middle and receives middle The person who was in the and the becomes part of the circle game starts over. - HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM

Activity: Play “Dolphin Tag” “Dolphin Play Activity: To play this game, you will need at you will need this game, play To Everyone sits in least four people. stands in and one person a circle, be- To a pillow. the middle holding each person chooses gin the game, sound will be your a sound. This just like a dolphin’s. unique name, your sound. Be One at time, make to each per to listen carefully sure This Choose one person to begin. first; then person will make his sound sound. he will make another person’s makes The person whose sound he is a will become “it.” Now there race! son’s sound. Once everyone knows sound. son’s sounds, the game be- each other’s gins. LANGUAGE Dolphins form very close bonds with their friends and families. When they are in the wild, they often stay in groups of 2–40 called “pods.” They never choose to be on their own. When they are with their pods they play, hunt, and swim together. When they are alone they become very sad. We cannot know for sure what they are feeling, but scientists guess they feel lonely. When they become sad like this they may stop eating, playing, or performing normal tasks. To prevent this, the LANGUAGE government has strict rules against keeping a dolphin all on its own. There must be at least two dolphins to keep each other company. If they are friends, they will play together, nudge each other playfully, or even sometimes “hold hands,” which is really holding fins.

How do you think Winter felt when Panama died?

(Answer: She probably felt abandoned and lonely. Why was it important that Playing with Sawyer meant she was accepting him as her friend again, and beginning to feel less de- Winter played with Sawyer in pressed. It was a sign of hope.) Dolphin Tale 2?

DOLPHIN TALE 2 29 Do you know which language is Do you know Latin? even older than A famous poet named Greek! It’s delphis word Homer used the in his epic poems The Iliad and anyone The Odyssey long before spoke Latin. When the Romans the word came along, they heard to and decided delphis in Greek it use it. Over time, they changed to delphinus to match the structure of their language. The Romans went on to conquer most of the known world before - defeated. As a re too, were they, Europe. all over sult, Latin spread other Over time, it changed into languages, such as Italian, Spanish, and French. Do you want to be a language de- Do you want to tective for a minute? why some of out try to figure Let’s and some similar are these words the ones First, look at different. are Do you see similar. not that are very them? Iruka and hai tun are everything else. So, from different set them aside. Now let’s for now, look at the Old English, Spanish, German, and Hungarian words. all shortened versions of These are Can you word? which language’s Latin! Delphinus it’s spot it? Yes, that for dolphin is the Latin word 2,000 would have been used over years ago in Rome, Italy. - HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Different languages use different words for “dolphin.” for words different use languages Different

iruka Chinese: hai tun delfin Japanese: German: delfin Hungarian: Spanish: delfin

dauphin Old English: delfin Italian:delfino delphis Latin: delphinus French: Greek:

30 Did you notice that they are very that they are Did you notice similar? languages People who study Linguists called “linguists.” are have noticed that some words even sound similar to each other differ though they come from two ent languages. How could countries that exist far apart other use the same each from special science tries to A words? answer this question. It is called etymology. to Etymologists study words people why different out figure are Linguists have similar words. detectives! language really

What’s the word for dolphin in different languages? languages? different in dolphin for the word What’s LANGUAGE Did youfigure itout?Nowyouare alanguagedetectivetoo! came from Greek? belong to.Lookcarefully atyourmap.WhydoyouthinkJapanandChinahavedifferent words fordolphinthantheonesthat On themapbelow, takethedifferent words for “dolphin” from theprevious pageandmatchthemupwiththecountriesthey Now, getoutamap. DOLPHIN TALE 2

LANGUAGE - - HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM

Have you ever become really tired in the after tired become really Have you ever

1. noon? What do you normallynoon? What do do to stop feeling a nap. Why does eat or take probably You tired? food has all Well, energy? eating give you more it. When you eat, your body takes the in energy and the food and uses it to stay awake from energy the amount of alert. Scientists can even measure you eat it. They call the the food before in energy If you eat something with 100 “calories.” energy would gain 100 units of calories in it for lunch, you 200 calories in it If you ate something with energy. would you gain energy much more how for dinner, than you did at lunch? subtraction problems, Skills: word

32 Math with Dolphins with Math

tant skills you can develop. In this section, we’ll see some of the ways that math relates to dolphins and their care. Let’s Let’s their care. to dolphins and that math relates we’ll see some of the ways can develop. In this section, tant skills you start simply: If you are interested in working with dolphins like Winter in working with dolphins interested to understand basic math other marine life, you still need or If you are most impor behind it is one of the and see the math equations of words able to look at a paragraph concepts. Being MATH Skills: word problems, comparison,logic eat foodthatishighincaloriesorlowcalories?Why? Since dolphinshavetohuntfortheirfood,woulditbebetterthem 2 which kindoffishyoushouldbuy. Howmuchwillitcosttoprovide lunchforyourdolphin? calories forlunch.You needtofindthe cheapestwaytofeedhimorher. Lookatthechartbelowanddetermine 3. Skills: word problems, comparison,division,multiplication squid cod mackerel . In the biology section, we learned thatdolphinseatforenergyIn thebiologysection,welearned too. Imagineyouare takingcare ofadolphinnamed______.Thisneedstoeat500 DOLPHIN TALE 2 40 calorieseach 20 calorieseach 80 calorieseach $1 each $2 each $1.25 each

MATH Imagine you are going diving in the ocean to observe the going Imagine you are HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM . 4 dolphins. You will need an oxygen tank so that you can stay dolphins. You you On the surface of the water, underwater for a long time. But when you go 10 units of air. can swim for 30 minutes with for each breath. air deeper you use more 33 feet below the swim deeper and deeper until you reach You you take. the air for every breath surface. Now you use twice need to put in your tank to swim How many units of air will you below the surface? What if you for 30 minutes while 33 feet an hour? wanted to stay at 33 feet for multiplication, finding an unknown, problems, Skills: word solving equations 34

MATH dolphin Winter! mathskillstohelpthereal Now let’suseyourpracticed Skills: decimals,addition,comparison,multiplication, unitconversions,averages • • • • • • Now, seehowmanyofthesemathquestionsyoucananswer. using thisinformation, For a final challenge, how much food does Winter eatinanaveragefeeding? For afinalchallenge,howmuchfooddoes eateveryday? Do youknowhowmanyouncesmakeup apound?HowmanyouncesoffooddoesWinter Winter’sIf youwere buyingfishfor aweekof meals,howmanypounds offishwouldyouneedtobuy? Does sheeatmore orin theafternoon? foodin themorning eatinafullday? How manypoundsoffooddoesWinter eat? How manytimesadaydoesWinter DOLPHIN TALE 2 6:00 pm-1.5lbsoffish 5:30 pm-1.5lbsoffish 4:30 pm-2lbsoffish 3:30 pm-1lboffish 3:15 pm-0.5lbsoffish 1:30 pm-1lboffish 1:15 pm-0.5lbsoffish 11:00 am-1lboffish 10:45 am-0.5lbsoffish 9:00 am-2lbsoffish 8:00 am-2lbsoffish Marine Aquarium: her dailymealschedule,according totheClearwater 5. (In measurements, “lb”istheabbreviation forapound.) Winter eatsmanytimesaday. Winter Here isasampleof

MATH • ALA Best Book for Young Adults • ALA Best Book for Young • Published by Scholastic Press, 1969 • 192 pages • Ages 12+ (grades 7+) is a novel The Music of Dolphins the story Hesse. It tells by Karen named Mila who of a young girl after being is raised by dolphins Caribbean as a stranded in the find humans later, child. Many years she first find her, When they her. cannot speak or act like a human. like She only knows how to behave Mila’s a dolphin. The book recounts socie- struggle to adjust to human Read the book to find out if she ty. to returns to the ocean or decides stay with other humans. Dolphins have inspired creative people to tell to people creative inspired have Dolphins The two as well as movies. in books their stories of examples excellent listed below are books dolphins. Read features that literature children’s aloud as a family. your own or them on Island of the is a Blue Dolphins novel Newbery award-winning a In this story, by Scott O’Dell. American girl is young Native the an island off abandoned on She Carolina. coast of South makes weap- builds a house, animals wild ons, and fends off to survive. After waiting alone she her, for someone to rescue attempts to sail away in a canoe. She does not get very far and As she to shore. has to return swim dolphins returns to shore, The dolphins en- alongside her. feel courage her and make her less alone, changing the course of her stay on the island. Read es- the book to find out if she the island. capes from HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM

Dolphins in Literature Dolphins Read, read aloud, or listen to one of these great books. Read, read aloud, or listen to one of • Ages 9–12 (grades 3–7) • 192 pages • Published by Houghton Mifflin, 1960 • Winner1961 of the Newbery Medal LITERATURE Who, What,When,Where,How? 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. with others: After reading oneorbothofthesenovels,answerthefollowingquestionsforyourself orinadiscussion Whowasitabout?(Identifythecharacters) What can you learn from Whatcanyoulearn thisbook?(Identifythe lessonormoral) Whatproblems didtheyface?(Identifytheconflict) How wastheproblem resolved? (Identifytheresolution) When andwhere doesittakeplace?(Identifythesetting) DOLPHIN TALE 2

LITERATURE 3. Now think back to the very beginning of the story. Write Write story. of the the very beginning think back to 3. Now of the triangle, that happens on the left point the first thing “boat like “battle,” Use key words A and B meet. where major events friend.” Now think of other crash,” or “new beginning and its climax. the story’s that occur between until you these events along line A for key words Write the climax. reach the last Write to the end of the story. 4. Now think back the triangle, where on the right point of thing that happens the events that occur be- C and B meet. Now think about key words its conclusion. Write climax and tween the story’s C. This is the “wrapping up” part for these events along line comes together and the con- everything of the story where done! almost You’re resolved. flict is to Try along line B, write the settings of the story. 5. Finally, on lines A and C, making line them up with the plot points events. When you finish, you the locations line up with the can use this dia- diagram! You now have a completed plot discuss the book, or report, gram to help you write a book the story so you can talk about it later. remember HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM

38 Do you know how to create a plot diagram? It may a plot diagram? how to create Do you know simple. first, but it is actually very sound scary at only five steps. are There a triangle that looks like this: 1. First, draw

2. Once you have drawn your triangle, think about 2. Once you have drawn your Can you identify the the story you have just read. when all of the conflict climax, the point in the story the climax at the top of the triangle, peaks? Write A and C meet. lines where Exercise: Plot Diagrams Plot Exercise: LITERATURE the afterlife. dolphins carrythedeadtotheirplacesin ancient cityofByzantium.There, hesees poem, Yeats imaginesarrivinginthe thology andhistoryinhispoetry. Inthis Yeats oftentalkedaboutancientmy- ButlerYeats.Irish poetnamedWilliam following poemwaswrittenbyafamous inspired towriteaboutdolphins? The Did youknowthatpoetshavealsobeen Dolphins in Poetry DOLPHIN TALE 2 Spirit afterSpirit!Thesmithiesbreak theflood. An agonyofflamethatcannotsingeasleeve. That dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea. thatgong-tormented That dolphin-torn, Astraddle onthedolphin’s mire andblood, The goldensmithiesoftheEmperor! Break bitterfuriesofcomplexity, Marbles ofthedancingfloor by William ButlerYeatsby William Those imagesthatyet Fresh imagesbeget, An agonyoftrance, Dying intoadance, Excerpt from “Byzantium”

LITERATURE LITERATURE

Learning about Read Yeats’s poem aloud, and then underline all of the rhyming words at the end of the lines. Notice how Yeats does not make every line rhyme? Here’s how you can find Rhyme in Poetry the rhyme scheme of a poem.

Assign the letter “A” to the first line of the poem, If the next line rhymes with it, give that line the like1. this: letter2. “A” as well. If it does not rhyme with the previous line, assign it the letter “B.” Does “trance” rhyme with A Dying into a dance, “dance”? It does! So, we assign it a letter “A” as well.

A An agony of trance,

3. Continue assigning letters to each line of the poem, using a new letter each time the last word has a new sound. All lines that share the same rhyme sound should have the same letter. “Sleeve” does not rhyme with “dance” and “trance,” so it gets the letter “B.” The next few are done for you.

B An agony of flame that cannot singe a sleeve. C Astraddle on the dolphin’s mire and blood, C Spirit after Spirit! The smithies break the flood.

See if you can do the same for the rest of the poem.

40 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Write your own poem with a dolphin in it. Remember what you have learned about dolphins and how they behave. You could use short, rhyming lines to tell a story in which a dolphin saves a person or plays in the surf. You could simply use lots of adjec- Activity tives to describe what a dolphin looks like and compare dolphins to other things, like the silvery sheen of the moon or a squeaky rubber ball. Like Yeats, you do not have to make every line rhyme. You could use the same rhyme scheme that Yeats does, or make up your own structure. Have fun! LITERATURE

DOLPHIN TALE 2 41

HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM

42 Dolphin Stories in History in Stories Dolphin Have you ever been on a boat so far away from shore that you could not see any land at all? If you have not had at all? If you have not had you could not see any land that shore from been on a boat so far away Have you ever know that below you lie you see is the ocean. You you look, all where try to imagine it. No matter this experience, what lives there. only dream of water so deep you can miles and miles you navigate. Does that any technology to help wooden boat and do not have in an old that you are Now imagine ocean so afraid of the time, people were so, too. For a very long The ancient civilizations thought sound scary? Okeanos. ocean-god, Greek the name of the comes from “ocean” word it was a god. In fact, the that they thought smart, kind, and that dolphins were lived near water had myths about dolphins. They saw that Almost all cultures they made up stories explain it, could have those traits. To and they could not understand how an animal funny, could be so amazing was by than just animals. They thought the only way dolphins about dolphins being more magic or the act of a god. dolphin who worked for Poseidon, the god of the believed in a god called Delphin. He was a The ancient Greeks to him. In order she had rejected Delphin convinced a woman to love Poseidon after to myth, ocean. According the constellation Delphinus. Poseidon created thank Delphin for his help,

HISTORY Activity: FindtheconstellationDelphinus DOLPHIN TALE 2 after sunset(about8 p.m.). down. Itisusuallyvisible notlong a diamondwithtail pointing is madeoffivestarsthatlooklike Hemisphere.ern Theconstellation Delphinus islocatedintheNorth- countered. any drowning persontheyen- with theresponsibility ofsaving fell. Dionysusthencharged them intodolphinsasthey they turned out oftheshiptoescapehim,and attacked hiscaptors.Theyjumped himselfintoalionand formed While outatsea,Dionysustrans- and waskidnappedbypirates. disguised himselfasamortalman dolphins. Oneday, Dionysus the godDionysusthatinvolved The Greeks alsohadamyth about tail ofDelphinus. tair. You shouldbelookingatthe measure onefisttotheleft ofAl- and eagle). Nowholdupyourarm of theconstellationAquila(the gle iscalledAltair, anditispart gle. Thebottomstarinthetrian- that makeuptheSummerTrian- high tofindthethree brightstars Start byfacingsouth.Lookup

HISTORY This only happened once every hundred once every hundred happened This only and anoth- Cook way, years! Along the named Joseph Banks er man on board and sea the many new plants recorded penguins, including they saw, creatures and dolphins! seals, coral, seaweed, January 3, is his journal entry from Here 1769: 3rd. Tuesday, and clear weather; under gales Fresh Saw some P.M. Single Reef Topsails. small red Whales and Porpoises and Caught. At Crawfish, some of which we of a light Grey Noon saw several Birds like Pidgeons, but smaller; these Colour, kind. Mother Carey’s of the are - in Tahi After completing their mission on to sail all went ti, Cook and his crew the world, taking notes the way around as they went. Their journals became an of information for the important source new field of marine biology. relatively - dolphin imag artists used Medieval speed, guidance, or es to symbolize the dolphins they love. Sometimes kind; other times, appeared drew fierce. of Explora- until the Age It wasn’t able to study the were tion that men life in detail. In oceans and marine James Cook was 1728, a boy named - born in England. When he was grow ca- ing up, exploring was a popular nations competed to European reer. around send their sailors all the way - the world, a feat called circumnaviga a fun fact: the first ship to tion. Here’s the world twice was circumnavigate named HMS Dolphin! and math So, Cook studied navigation and then he, too, be- as a teenager, In 1768, his skills earned came a sailor. for a him a position on HMS Endeavor a spe- voyage to the South Seas with Cook hoped Tahiti, cial purpose. From move to watch the planet Venus the face of the sun. across HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM The Origins of Marine Biology of Marine Origins The 44

The medieval world also valued dol- The medieval world also valued did not phins, and even though they or magical, gods think dolphins were a special they did believe dolphins had and guide travelers ability to rescue Pliny the them. The Roman historian who lived in the first century AD, Elder, for many of the myths was responsible about dolphins that persisted. One of the first men to study marine life to study marine the first men One of man named Aristotle, was a carefully might who was born BC.. You in 384 but philosopher, Greek know him as a and wrote Aristotle lectured before a biologist. he was about philosophy, marine biologist, He was the first-ever studies the life in the a scientist who noticed that dolphins ocean. Aristotle gave sea creatures and some other of laying birth to their babies instead for womb (where word eggs. The Greek inside her) the mother carries her baby thought is delphys. Since dolphins were called were of as fish with a womb, they to delphis, which eventually translated “dolphin.” HISTORY Activity: the lines. use apenciltotrace white paper over itand Place athinsheetof drawing? Can youcopyhis Janeiro, Brazil. coast ofRiode that hesawoff the a sketchofdolphins includedinhisjournal C aptain Cook DOLPHIN TALE 2 Or, ifyou’re feelingadventurous, trytocopyitfreehand.

HISTORY http://www.scottslastexpedition.org/expedition/ steaming-south/ Murray and a Scottish man named Sir Charles Sir Charles named man a Scottish and Murray spe- first designed was the Thomson, Wyville to gather informationcifically the ocean. about scientists in 1873. The set sail The Challenger new many discovered with Thomson traveling in the of life including the existence things, scientists this, the ocean. Before deep zones of the bottom of the ocean was had believed that years, they By the end of three uninhabitable. books’ worth of information.had collected fifty 4,717 new species! were In these books the British governmentThen, in 1901, spon- for the Antarctica a voyage to explore sored commanded by Discovery, first time. HMS Scott and accompanied by artist Robert Falcon A. Wilson, to Edward followed a similar route had taken. the one Cook, Darwin, and others Wilson “The peace of God that passes wrote, in these days. here, all understanding reigns a glimpse One only wishes one could bring unimaginable of it away with one, with all its was fascinated Wilson, in particular, beauty.” penguins he saw by marine life, especially the course of his near the South Pole. Over the many other he drew several trips to Antarctica, is as well, including dolphins. Here creatures Nova his Terra one of his dolphin sketches from on a 1910 expedition. sketchbook, gathered it to the Compare What do you notice about it? studied. other dolphin sketches we have One only wishes one One only wishes could bring a glimpse of could bring a passes all understanding all understanding passes its unimaginable beauty.” it away with one, with all it away with “The peace of God that peace of God “The reigns here, in these days. reigns here, in HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM 46

After Darwin’s return, Great Britain sent out an- return, Great After Darwin’s expedi- This other ship called HMS Challenger. John tion, led by a British man named Take a minute to compare Darwin’s style of Darwin’s a minute to compare Take What do they have in com- writing to Cook’s. you What can different? they mon? How are of them about observing the both learn from natural world? Whether whales feed on them I do not know; Whether whales feed on them but terns, of cormorants, and immense herds parts of unwieldy seals derive, on some great these from the coast, their chief sustenance swimming crabs. - del Fuego [Argenti Tierra In the sea around I the land, distance from na], and at no great of water of a bright red lines have seen narrow of crustacea, which the number from colour, prawns. The in form large somewhat resemble sealers call them whale-food. In the nineteenth century, interest in marine in marine interest century, nineteenth In the with the familiar be may You grew. biology that but did you know Darwin, name Charles In 1831, as a naturalist? his career he started explore HMS Beagle to a voyage on he joined - Darwin identi There, Islands. the Galapagos of unfamiliar animals and fied a wide variety many detail. He discovered studied them in and barnacles. His coral reefs things about the is a sample Here is still valued today. research his writings: from HISTORY what youwilldiscover. write downwhatyousee.You neverknow The importantthingistoobservecloselyand objects, buildingmodels,orwritingpoems. interesting things,creating maps,collecting see howthelightchanges.Try sketching same placeatdifferent timesofthedayand a room, thesky, orabodyofwater. the Visit You candrawaperson,ananimal,plant, per andapenciltorecord yourobservations. You candothistoo.Allyouneedisblankpa- became thebasisfortheirofficialbooks. they foundinteresting. then Thesejournals of thediscoveryandanyotherinformation they saw. They evenwrote downthelocation nals, andtheydrew andlabeledeverything All oftheseearlymarinebiologistskeptjour Activity: StartaNatureJournal DOLPHIN TALE 2 -

HISTORY HISTORY Activity: Create Your Own Timeline Place the information from the history lesson into this timeline. 384 BC 1768 1831

AD 1728

1873 2005 1901

48 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Dolphins in Art As you have already learned, dolphins have been loved by many different cultures and civilizations. Since so many people have ART loved dolphins, there are many works of art about these creatures. Some of the oldest art in the world contains dolphin images!

An ancient civilization called the Minoans lived on an island called Crete (near Greece) from about 2000 to 1500 BC. The Minoans were unique for many reasons. First, they loved nature and painted scenes of animals and plants—without people. (Many ancient cultures tended to make art that showed only people.) Second, their frescoes still exist today! Frescoes are very difficult to paint. Back then, people covered their walls with plaster to make them smooth and sturdy. Many walls today are still covered with plaster. Fresco of Dolphins, ca. 1600 BC, from Knossos, Crete To make a fresco, which comes from the Italian word for “fresh,” artists painted over wet plaster. When the plaster dried, the paint What do you think the Minoans painted in their dried into it. As a result, the paint did not chip off the surface as it nature scenes? Well, they lived on an island, so they aged. painted lots and lots of sea creatures! They especially liked to paint dolphins. Art historians believe Have you ever seen the paint chipping off a wall? Paintings do the Minoans painted these beautiful dolphin fres- that, too, if the artist is not careful. That is why the Minoans paint- coes somewhere between 1600 and 1500 BC. ed frescoes. If they had not used this difficult technique, their paintings would not have survived this long.

DOLPHIN TALE 2 49 ART Long after the Minoans died, other cultures continued to include dolphins in their art. Another example is the art of Rome, Italy. In order to understand why the Romans painted dolphins, you have to know about water in Rome. The ancient Romans brought water into Rome using aqueducts. These were like long bridges or gutters that carried water into the city for drinking and bathing. Aqueducts were extremely important to the Romans. Then people called the Goths and Vandals attacked Rome and destroyed the aqueducts. For many, many years, these systems did not work at all! Then, during the Renaissance, the Italians rebuilt their aqueducts. In order to honor this event, the best artists of the time made new fountains. And what appeared on those fountains? You guessed it—dolphins!

The famous artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini sculpted the fountain pictured above. It shows a scene from the ancient poet Ovid’s poem Metamorphosis in which King Triton commands the entire ocean to do his will. Even the dolphins obey him. By making this sculpture, Bernini is saying that the people of Rome now have command over the water again. The dolphins may also symbolize good fortune for the future of Rome—just as they did in The Island of the Blue Dol- phins and in ancient mythology.

50 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Try drawing your own version of the dolphin fresco here. ART

DOLPHIN TALE 2 51 - Have fun! The first example is a painting called “Breezing Up (A Fair Up (A “Breezing called is a painting first example The Wind)”nineteenth the from artist a famous American by in this includes people He named Winslowcentury Homer. the He makes in a story. a moment as if freezing painting, are what they came from, the boys wonder where viewer us wonder He also makes they will go. and where doing, about the storm and the sun Have they just passed clouds. they creeping after a long storm,is just now shining or are rain? By placing boys, about to pour down up behind the draws of the image, Homer to the front the boys so close the boys and the to the interaction between our attention ocean. an try to tell a story with piece of paper, On a separate Start by drawing the charac- ocean painting or drawing! animals on a boat. If you want ters in your story: people or draw them farther down on them to appear close to you, If you want them to appear farther the page and bigger. place them higher up and make them smaller. away, Is it dangerous want to create. Think about the mood you it a calm day? If it is danger to be out on the ocean? Is If it is calm, draw it level. Now ous, draw the ship slanted. the boat. If it is calm, put only draw in the waves around add big waves. Last, stormy, a few little waves, but if it is you have chosen. Make put in colors that fit the weather if the weather is calm and dark the colors bright and sunny if it is stormy. greens with more HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM

The dolphins’ habitat has an especially important The dolphins’ habitat has an history of art. Artists paint the sea in in the role a dif- ways, and each painting tells many different a Each story can have characters and story. ferent to solve, or it can simply portray a mood problem this section, we’ll focus such as peace or chaos. In ways of painting the ocean. on two different Oceans in Art Oceans

ART The second example of an ocean painting is “The Great Wave Off Kanagawa,” by a Japanese artist from the nineteenth century named Katsushika Hokusai. He created an image of the ocean as well, but he did it very differently. The Japanese valued grace, elegance, and balance in everything they did, es- ART pecially their art. By using long flowing lines for the water and short little lines for the foam at the tips of the waves, Hokusai makes the waves feel real.

Although both paintings depict the ocean, “The Great Wave” looks different from “Breezing Up” because Hokusai and Hom- er thought different things were important. Like “Breezing Up,” this painting tells a story, but you have to look carefully to see it. Do you see the ships sailing the seas? They are partly covered by the waves. Do you see the tiny mountain in the back- ground? That is probably Mount Fuji, the tallest mountain in Japan, and an active volcano. Because Hokusai hides the ships and the mountain behind the waves, he draws our attention to the power of the waves rather than the power of the volcano or the fishermen.

So how did Hokusai create this work of art? Believe it or not, this is not a painting. A famous form of Japanese art is called wood printing. The Japanese artists first set a picture on a wood plank. Then, they carved out the outlines. Next, they covered the plank in ink. Finally, they pressed the ink-covered wood onto paper, like a stamp, to produce the finished prod- uct, a mirror image of the original picture.

DOLPHIN TALE 2 53 Use shading techniques 5. to add dimension and further detail. - Add beak, blow Add last fin. hole, eye details. 2. 4. Step-by-step explanationStep-by-step dolphin. a to draw how of HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Add outer fins. Start by drawing Start by drawing 3.

1. the dolphin’s body. the dolphin’s

How to Draw to How

ART Step-by-step explanation ofhowtodrawadolphin. Step-by-step explanation Try drawing a dolphinhere. DOLPHIN TALE 2

ART HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM

Now you have a woodprint just like Hokusai’s “The Great Wave!” “The Great just likeNow you have a woodprint Hokusai’s While the ink is still wet, press a piece of paper on top of the wood. Then, carefully, remove the paper and remove of paper on top of the a piece carefully, wood. Then, Step 5: While the ink is still wet, press let it dry flat. Cover the wood in any color ink you want. I suggest blue since you are creating a woodprint of the ocean. of the a woodprint ocean. creating Step 4: Cover the blue since you are wood in any color ink you want. I suggest With an adult’s help and guidance, carve the help and guidance, outlines of the into the drawing wood. Step 3: With an adult’s Place your drawing face down onto theStep 2: Place your drawing wood, and rub it firmly with piece of back of a spoon. Make the onto the should appear lightly wood. The drawing on the wood to rub all over so the whole image presses sure the paper. when you remove On your paper, draw a picture of waves, a dolphin, or both! Use a No. 2 pencil or a softer pencil. You can can waves, a dolphin, or both! of a softer pencil. You Use a No. 2 pencil or draw a picture Step 1: On your paper, wave paintings thatyou can copy if either own image. The artist Hokusai or make up your copy has many more you do not like this one. First, ask an adult for help. This is a bit more complicated than a normal drawing or painting. You will a soft need complicated than a normal drawing or painting. You First, ask an adult This is a bit more for help. can find $10 at a craft store. these for about $5 to kind of ink. You carving tools, and some plank of wood, Wood Printing: Do you want to try? to you want Do Printing: Wood

ART Color afamilyofdolphins. DOLPHIN TALE 2

ART Draw your own version of a seascape here. ART

58 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Bible BIBLE What does the Bible tell us about dolphins? Genesis 1:20-23 says, “And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good. And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth. And the evening and the morning were the fifth day.”

Read the passage from Genesis with your family and answer these questions:

• What does this passage teach us about dolphins? • What does this passage teach us about God? • How do dolphins glorify God? • How can people glorify God in a way that involves dolphins? • How can we (as a family) glorify God using what we have just learned?

DOLPHIN TALE 2 59 BIBLE Are there any famous examples of Christians who cared for animals? In the late twelfth and early thirteenth century in Italy, And the young man, inspired by God, immediately gave there was a young man named Francis. Francis loved to them to St Francis, who, placing them in his bosom, party, drink, and spend lots of money. One day, he was addressed them thus sweetly: “O my little sisters the doves, kidnapped while fighting in a war. It took his father a so simple, so innocent, and so chaste, why did you allow whole year to ransom him back. During that year, Francis yourselves to be caught? I will save you from death, and became very sick, sad, and lonely. make your nests, that you may increase and multiply, according to the command of God.” Then St Francis made When he returned home, he was very different than he nests for them all, and they began to lay their eggs and had been when he had left, but he did not yet give up hatch them in presence of the brethren, and were as his luxurious ways. Then, as he was about to join another familiar and as tame with St Francis and the friars as if they army, he had a vision that God spoke to him. God told had been hens brought up amongst them, nor did they ever Francis to rebuild the church and devote his life to the go away until St Francis had given them his blessing. poor. So, Francis left his father and his money and became a monk, preaching and building up the church. —Ugolino Brunforte, “The Little Flowers of St. Francis of Assisi” Francis was so passionate about Christ that he even preached to the animals! He loved everything God Francis was later named a saint by the Catholic Church. You created, whether big or small. Here is a story that one might know him as Saint Francis of Assisi. After his death, biographer wrote about him in the 1300s: many more stories emerged about Francis’s love of animals. Pope John Paul II even named him the Patron of Ecology in A certain young man having caught one day a great num- 1979! ber of doves, as he was to sell them he met St Francis, On the next page is a prayer that Francis prayed for who always felt a great compassion for such gentle animals. You can pray this with your family or discuss it animals; and, looking at the doves with eyes of pity, he together. said to the young man: “O good man, I entreat thee to give me those harmless birds, emblems in Scripture of humble, pure, and faithful souls, so that they may not fall into cruel hands, which would put them to death.”

60 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Prayer of Saint Francis for Animals

God Our Heavenly Father, BIBLE You created the world to serve humanity’s needs and to lead them to You. By our own fault we have lost the beautiful relationship which we once had with all your creation. Help us to see that by restoring our relationship with You we will also restore it with all Your creation. Give us the grace to see all animals as gifts from You and to treat them with respect for they are Your creation.

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62 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Practice cursive writing: BIBLE

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64 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM In both Dolphin Tale movies, we saw lots of Working with Animals people working at the aquarium with the animals. Each volunteer and staff member had his or her own job to do. Do you want to work with animals Marine Biologist like Sawyer and Hazel did? If so, there are lots of There are many career options within marine biology. People who jobs you could do! Here are a few great career study sea life can be physicists, mathematicians, ecologists, biol- choices.

ogists, oceanographers, or chemists. Most marine biologists pick GET INVOLVED one species that interests them and study that species in depth. If you love dolphins, you might become a marine biologist spe- cializing in dolphins. This generally takes about six to eight years of school after high school. Some schools along the coast have special marine biology programs where you can study the ocean like Sawyer does in Dolphin Tale 2.

Luckily for you, there are plenty of ways to learn about the ocean even before you go to college. Go exploring next time you visit the ocean, and record your findings. Read a good book about the ocean, or even dissect a fish with your friends. The next important thing to do if you want to become a marine biologist is to meet one. Go online and search for a professor in a college near you and ask if you could meet. Often, they will say yes! Ask them what they like and dislike about their job. Then, study lots of biology in high school so you will be prepared for college.

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Veterinarian Veterinary Technician Veterinarians are animal doctors. To become a vet, you would A veterinary technician is like an animal attend a normal college and take pre-med classes such as bi- nurse. If you became a veterinary technician ology, chemistry, physics, and other maths and sciences. Then you would help the doctor. You might apply you would take classes about animals, including animal nutrition, a bandage, give a shot, or check the heart- zoology, animal biology, or others. You might volunteer at an ani- beat of an animal. To become a vet tech, mal hospital or watch a real vet work. Then, you would go on to a you have to go to a special school for two special four-year school for becoming a veterinarian. years after high school.

If you are considering a career in veterinary medicine, try it out first. Contact your local veterinarians and ask to visit their offices. They might allow you to shadow them (follow them for a day) or observe the animals. You might also be able to volunteer at a Veterinary Pathologist local animal shelter. Ask and find out! A veterinary pathologist studies animal diseases. They try to find the cures and If you decide you love the job, then you causes for mysterious diseases. If you should start learning everything you can love chemistry and looking at samples about animals. The first two years of medi- under a microscope, this may the job cal school focus on memorizing facts about for you! If you become a vet pathologist anatomy. You can do some of that now! you will spend most of your time in the Search your local library for a good book chemistry lab instead of out in the field on animals and animal anatomy: bones, with the animals. To become a vet pa- muscles, and organs. You could even keep thologist usually takes two years longer an animal journal, in which you write about than it does to become a normal veteri- and draw animals that interest you. narian.

66 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Animal Trainer Animal trainers do exactly what you might guess: they train animals. They do this in lots of different settings. It could be on a movie set, in a zoo, for private homes, or in an animal shelter. In Dolphin Tale 2 there GET INVOLVED were lots of animal trainers around the aquarium to help with the animals. There were probably even trainers on set to help with the dolphins during the making of Dolphin Tale 2. Animal Caregiver

Trainers might even train animals for ser- Animal caregivers take care of animals on a daily basis, unlike vet- vice. Service dogs serve people in vari- erinarians, who take care of animals only when they need attention. ous ways. They often guide blind or deaf Caregivers do many things to care for animals, including feeding, people. Service animals can also be dogs, cleaning, training, or exercising them. As an animal caregiver, you horses, or even dolphins that are used for could work at an animal shelter, a zoo, or a farm. You would also have to be very compassionate, kind, and patient. Most of the time, therapy to make sick people feel better. a college degree is not necessary to become a caregiver.

If you are interested in this career, start taking care of animals now. If you do not have a pet, or even if you do, you can volunteer at an animal shelter, a kennel, or a stable. You could even start your own business taking care of friends’ pets when they go out of town! Get creative and do not be afraid to ask for help.

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Zoologist A zoologist studies everything about animals in their natural habitat. This includes what they eat, where they sleep, how much exercise they need, etc. While many zoologists work in a zoo, some do not. They can work in the wild, in offices, or in laboratories. Wherever they work, they spend a lot of time watching animals to see how they behave. To become a zoologist, you have to go to college for at least four years and study biology or more advanced animal studies.

Animal Behaviorist An animal behaviorist helps animals that are behaving abnor- mally, like Winter. They watch them closely and try to figure out why they are acting differently, and then try to find a way to fix it. In Winter’s case, an animal behaviorist would notice that she was sad, decide that it was because she was all alone, and fix it by giving Winter a friend. If you want this career, you will have to do about the same amount of school as a veterinarian—eight years after high school. But you will get to work with animals while still in school.

68 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Free drawing page FOR PARENTS FOR

DOLPHIN TALE 2 69 FOR PARENTS Draw more dolphins!

70 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Write down what you know about dolphins here. Give your family a presentation on dolphins. FOR PARENTS FOR

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72 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM For Parents: If you enjoyed this type of learning, you might like classical, Christian education. A classical, Christian education teaches students to view the world as a whole, with all the subjects created by God and glorifying God, rather than the fragmented way that modern secular education teaches subjects.

Classical Conversations is an organization that exits to support homeschooling parents. We believe that every child is uniquely and wonderfully made and that parents are the best teachers for their children. We believe the purpose of PARENTS FOR education is to teach a child how to learn and that the pinnacle of education is to know God and to make Him known. We believe the practice of education is most fruitful in a supportive community. We believe in investing in free parent training and equipping. We support parents through free parent conferences and many online resources. One great resource for homeschooling parents or parents who want to supplement school work with additional learning is the “Articles” section of our website. A new article is posted each weekday. Topics range from encouragement to understanding the classical model of education. The following article was posted by veteran homeschooling parent Courtney Sanford.

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ABy Courtney Model Sanford for a Classical Conversation

The guide for today’s science seminar in Challenge I “Four oceans: Indian, Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific!” said, “Discuss Module 4.” Previous discussions with this class had been a bit boring, so I decided I needed a “74% of the earth is covered with water!” new model for discussions. I did not plan any questions or make an agenda about what they needed to know. I “Canals, channels, tributaries, rivers, all that stuff from went in with one idea in my mind: the topic wheel. Challenge A.”

The students had spent two weeks studying a chapter “So, channels were dug for what reason?” I asked. on water in the physical science textbook. They had completed labs, written lab reports, and answered study “People can move things on water…so it helps trade.” questions. In another circle on the board I wrote “Economics” and I drew a topic wheel on the whiteboard. A topic wheel inside, I wrote “Enables trade.” is simply one circle in the center and seven more circles surrounding it. I wrote “water” in the center circle. The “In what other ways does water affect economics?” I seven other circles are intended for other subjects. The prompted. idea is to provoke thought by having the group brain- storm about what different subjects have in common “We pay for city water at my house.” (I wrote “city with the central item. (This would be the topic of com- water” in the circle.) parison if you are familiar with the five common topics.) “We have a water purifier.” (“Products” goes in the In the top outside circle I wrote “Geography” and asked economics circle.) the class what geography and water have to do with each other.

“Four oceans: Indian, Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific!”

74 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Several other products related to water were men- Could cohesion have allowed water to form a sphere in tioned for economics. Then I asked, “What’s another space? Would it create its own gravity? What would that topic I could put in one of these circles? have been like?

“Science?” A very enthusiastic discussion followed, with students applying what they knew about water to this idea of a “What should we put in that circle?” sphere of water floating in space during the time of creation. “Let’s put all these facts in there like it takes two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom to make water.” I was thrilled that the study of physical science had led us PARENTS FOR to this point. Our minds were stretched by thinking this “Cohesion, that property where water attracts itself.” through and we stood amazed at the complexity of water and its wonderful creator. And I had not planned anything! We added circles for history, literature, and even art, I went in with one tool in mind and facilitated a discussion when one student said, “Water is beautiful!” We filled and these wonderfully created and creative students did the circles with many facts and figures. When we only a lot of thinking and arrived at this great realization that I had one circle left I asked what we should put there could not have explained to them if I had spent hours and one student suggested, “Put the Bible in that writing a lecture and doing research. one.” So we went around the room and had each person think of one mention of water in the Bible. I think this is what makes a classical education great: we We added the flood, baptism, turning water to wine, get together and we practice thinking and talking about parting the red sea, and so on. Then, the last student what we have studied, and we learn more about the Lord brought up creation and that water was created before because of it all. land. He wondered how that could be. How can you have an ocean without land forming the bottom of the That was a great classical conversation. ocean? This launched a discussion that went back to the properties of water listed in the science section.

DOLPHIN TALE 2 75 FOR PARENTS References http://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/zoologists-and-wildlife-biologists.htm http://www.marinecareers.net/field_marinebiology.php http://explorehealthcareers.org/en/Career/154/Animal_Behaviorist https://www.petfinder.com/helping-pets/careers-with-pets/careers-animals-job/ http://education-portal.com/articles/Veterinary_Pathologist_Job_Description_and_Education_Requirements.html http://www.ancient-greece.org/art/minoan-art.html Encyclopedia of Life, eol.org http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Chordata/, http://everythingdolphins.com/dolphin-species.html whalefacts.org dolphins-world.com http://marinebio.org/oceans/geography.asp http://animals.pawnation.com/migration-route-bottlenose-dolphin-9332.html http://www.extremescience.com/oceanography.htm http://www.meer.org/ebook/mbhist.htm http://marinebio.org/oceans/history-of-marine-biology.asp http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/darwin_charles.shtml http://www.theoi.com/Ther/Delphin.html http://www.dolphins-world.com/dolphins-in-mythology/ http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/DionysosWrath.html http://the-red-thread.net/genealogy/heraldry.html http://www.ukdivers.net/science/aircalc.htm http://www.dolphins-world.com/dolphins-in-mythology/ http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/DionysosWrath.html http://the-red-thread.net/genealogy/heraldry.html (http://www.theoi.com/Ther/Delphin.html) http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/delphinus-constellation/ http://www.space.com/9285-whale-dolphin-show-light-night-sky.html http://bestiary.ca/manuscripts/manu1020.htm http://www.meer.org/ebook/mbhist.htm http://marinebio.org/oceans/history-of-marine-biology.asp http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/darwin_charles.shtml http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/cook-james-1917 http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/02jun_jamescook/ http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks/e00043.html http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-DarJour-_N66499.html Darwin, C. R. ed. 1838. Mammalia Part 2 No. 1 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By George R. Waterhouse. Includes by Darwin: Geographical introduction (pp.i-v) and A notice of their habits and ranges. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co. F8.2 http://marinebio.org/oceans/history-of-marine-biology.asp http://www.edwardawilson.com/life http://www.churchyear.net/pets.html http://www.biography.com/people/st-francis-of-assisi-21152679#devotion-to-christianity&awesm=~oHEmIAUd9LYqeX

76 HOMESCHOOLMOVIECLUB.COM Image References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontana_del_Tritone http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Knossos_fresco_of_dolphins_in_queen’s_palace.JPG http://www.ancient.eu.com/article/390/ FOR PARENTS FOR

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