An Overview of Land Tenure in the Near East Region
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Farmland Investments and Water Rights: the Legal Regimes at Stake
Farmland Investments and Water Rights: The legal regimes at stake Makane Moïse Mbengue Susanna Waltman May 2015 www.iisd.org/gsi www.iisd.org © 2015 The International Institute for Sustainable Development Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development. International Institute for Sustainable Development The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change and energy, and management of natural and social capital, as well as the enabling role of communication technologies in these areas. We report on international negotiations and disseminate knowledge gained through collaborative projects, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity building in developing countries, better networks spanning the North and the South, and better global connections among researchers, practitioners, citizens and policy-makers. IISD’s vision is better living for all—sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Government of Canada, provided through the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and from the Province of Manitoba. The Institute receives project funding from numerous governments inside and outside Canada, United Nations agencies, -
Table of Contents 1.0
Land Rights Policy Approved by the Land Commission, Republic of Liberia on May 21, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................. 3 2.0. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 3 3.0. BACKGROUND: THE NEED FOR A LAND RIGHTS POLICY ............................................ 5 4.0. LAND RIGHTS PRINCIPLES ...................................................................................................... 6 5.0. GOVERNMENT LAND AND PUBLIC LAND ........................................................................... 7 5.1. Definitions .................................................................................................................................... 7 5.2. Transfers ...................................................................................................................................... 9 5.3. Government Acquisition........................................................................................................... 11 5.4. Failure to Pay Applicable Land Taxes .................................................................................... 11 6.0. CUSTOMARY LAND .................................................................................................................. 15 6.1. Principles .................................................................................................................................. -
Irbid Development Area
Where to Invest? Jordan’s Enabling Platforms Elias Farraj Advisor to the CEO Jordan Investment Board Enabling Platforms A. Development Areas and Zones . King Hussein Business Park (KHBP) . King Hussein Bin Talal Development Area KHBTDA (Mafraq) . Irbid Development Area . Ma’an Development Area (MDA) B. Aqaba Special Economic Zone C. Qualified Industrial Zones (QIZ) D. Industrial Estates E. Free Zones Development Area Law • The Government of Jordan Under the Development Areas Law (GOJ) enacted new Income Tax[1] 5% On all taxable income from Development Areas Law in activities within the Area 2008 that provides a clear Sales Tax 0% On goods sold into (or indicator of the within) the Development Area for use in economic Government’s commitment activities to the success of Import Duties 0% On all materials, instruments, development zones. machines, etc to be used in establishing, constructing and equipping an enterprise • This law aims to provides in the Area further streamlining and Social Services Tax 0% On all income accrued within enhance quality-of-service the Area or outside the in the delivery of licensing, Kingdom Dividends Tax 0% On all income accrued within permits and the ongoing the Area or outside the procedures necessary for the Kingdom operations of site manufacturers and 1 No income tax on profits from exports exporters. Areas Under the Development Areas Law Irbid Development King Hussein Bin Area (IDA) Talal Development Area KHBTDA (Mafraq) ICT, Healthcare Middle & Back Offices, and Research and Industrial Production, Development. -
LAND TENURE and RIGHTS for Improved Land Management and Sustainable Development
GLOBAL LAND OUTLOOK WORKING PAPER LAND TENURE AND RIGHTS for Improved Land Management and Sustainable Development Prof. Emmanuel Kasimbazi September 2017 DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by UNCCD in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the authors or contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNCCD. CONTENTS Acronyms 03 Executive Summary 04 1. General Introduction 06 1.1 Introduction 06 1.2 Objectives and Scope of the Paper 06 1.3 Structure of the Paper 07 2. Context and Background 07 3. Land Tenure Systems 08 3.1 Definition of the term land tenure 08 3.2 Types of Tenure 08 4. Land Policy and Regulatory Framework 11 5. Land Rights and Gender 14 6. Customary Land Rights 15 7. Land Administration and Institutions 15 7.1 Institutions at the international level 16 7.2 Institutions at the regional level 16 7.3 Institutions at National level 16 8. Land Registration and Titling Systems 18 9. Sustainable Land Management 19 10. -
Policy Makers Guide to Women's Land, Property and Housing Rights Across the World
POLICY MAKERS GUIDE TO WOMEN’S LAND, PROPERTY AND HOUSING RIGHTS ACROSS THE WORLD UN-HABITAT March 2007 POLICY MAKERS GUIDE TO WOMEN’S LAND, PROPERTY AND HOUSING RIGHTS ACROSS THE WORLD 1 Copyright (C) United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), 2006 All Rights reserved United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 7621 234 Fax: +254 20 7624 266 Web: www.unhabitat.org Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, or its Member States. Acknowledgements: This guide is written by M. Siraj Sait, Legal Officer, Land, Tenure and Property Administration Section, Shelter Branch, UN-HABITAT and is edited by Clarissa Augustinus, Chief, Land, Tenure and Property Administration Section, Shelter Branch. A fuller list of credits appears as an appendix to this report. The research was made possible through support from the Governments of Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and Norway. Further Information: Clarissa Augustinus, Chief Land, Tenure and Property Administration Section, Shelter Branch, United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) P.O. Box 30030 Nairobi 00100, Kenya E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.unhabitat.org 2 POLICY MAKERS GUIDE TO WOMEN’S LAND, PROPERTY AND HOUSING RIGHTS ACROSS THE WORLD TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY OF TERMS ..................................................................................................................................... -
Greening the Agriculture System: Morocco's Political Failure In
Greening the Agriculture System: Morocco’s Political Failure in Building a Sustainable Model for Development By Jihane Benamar Mentored by Dr. Harry Verhoeven A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Honors in International Politics, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Spring 2018. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 2 • THE MOROCCAN PUZZLE .................................................................................................... 5 • WHY IS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IMPORTANT FOR MOROCCO? .............................. 7 • WHY THE PLAN MAROC VERT? .......................................................................................... 8 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 13 • A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR “DEVELOPMENT”....................................................... 14 • ROSTOW, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS (SAPS) & THE OLD DEVELOPMENT DISCOURSE ......................................................................................................................... 19 • THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN DEVELOPMENT .............................................................. 24 • SUSTAINABILITY AND THE DISCOURSE ON DEVELOPMENT & AGRICULTURE ................ -
'Common Rights' - What Are They?
'Common Rights' - What are they? An investigation into rights of passage and rights of land use (or rights of common) Alan Shelley PG Dissertation in Landscape Architecture Cheltenham & Gloucester College of Higher Education April2000 Abstract There is a level of confusion relating to the expression 'common' when describing 'common rights'. What is 'common'? Common is a word which describes sharing or 'that affecting all alike'. Our 'common humanity' may be a term used to describe people in general. When we refer to something 'common' we are often saying, or implying, it is 'ordinary' or as normal. Mankind, in its earliest civilisation formed societies, usually of a family tribe, that expanded. Society is principled on community. What are 'rights'? Rights are generally agreed practices. Most often they are considered ethically, to be moral, just, correct and true. They may even be perceived, in some cases, to include duty. The evolution of mankind and society has its origins in the land. Generally speaking common rights have come from land-lore (the use of land). Conflicts have evolved between customs and the statutory rights of common people (the people of the commons). This has been influenced by Church (Canonical) law, from Roman formation, statutory enclosures of land and the corporation of local government. Privilege, has allowed 'freemen', by various customs, certain advantages over the general populace, or 'common people'. Unfortunately, the term no longer describes a relationship of such people with the land, but to their nationhood. Contents Page Common Rights - What are they?................................................................................ 1 Rights of Common ...................................................................................................... 4 Woods and wood pasture ............................................................................................ -
Status Report and Assessment of Wood Bison in the NWT (2016)
SPECIES STATUS REPORT Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae) Sakāwmostos (Cree) e ta oe (Sout Slave ) e en á e ejere, t a n a n’jere ( en sųł n ) Dachan tat w ’aak’ (Teetł’ t Gw ’ n) Aak’ , a antat aak’ (Gw a Gw ’ n) Łek'a e, łuk'a e, kedä- o’, ejed (Kaska ene) Ejuda (Slavey) Tl'oo tat aak'ii, dachan tat aak'ii, akki chashuur, nin shuurchoh, nin daa ha-an (Van Tat Gw ’ n) in the Northwest Territories Threatened April 2016 Status of Wood Bison in the NWT Species at Risk Committee status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of species suspected of being at risk in the Northwest Territories (NWT). Suggested citation: Species at Risk Committee. 2016. Species Status Report for Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae) in the Northwest Territories. Species at Risk Committee, Yellowknife, NT. © Government of the Northwest Territories on behalf of the Species at Risk Committee ISBN: 978-0-7708-0241-7 Production note: The drafts of this report were prepared by Kristi Benson (traditional and community knowledge component) and Tom Chowns (scientific knowledge component), under contract with the Government of the Northwest Territories, and edited by Claire Singer, Michelle Ramsay and Kendra McGreish. For additional copies contact: Species at Risk Secretariat c/o SC6, Department of Environment and Natural Resources P.O. Box 1320 Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9 Tel.: (855) 783-4301 (toll free) Fax.: (867) 873-0293 E-mail: [email protected] www.nwtspeciesatrisk.ca ABOUT THE SPECIES AT RISK COMMITTEE The Species at Risk Committee was established under the Species at Risk (NWT) Act. -
The Military Policy of the Hellenistic Boiotian League
The Military Policy of the Hellenistic Boiotian League Ruben Post Department of History and Classical Studies McGill University, Montreal December, 2012 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Arts ©Ruben Post, 2012. Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 3 Abrégé ............................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 5 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 7 Sources .........................................................................................................................11 Chapter One .....................................................................................................................16 Agriculture and Population in Late Classical and Hellenistic Boiotia .........................16 The Fortification Building Program of Epameinondas ................................................31 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................43 Chapter Two ....................................................................................................................48 -
The Opportunities and Challenges Presented by a Land-Based Commons Approach
Technical Committee on “Land Tenure and Development” The opportunities and challenges presented by a land-based commons approach Societies are currently having to adapt to multiple global reflection, which was facilitated and formalised by Cirad’s issues in a context of political, economic and ecological Green research unit with support from the International crises. The ‘land-based commons’ approach places col- Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), are lective action at the heart of efforts to evaluate and resolve presented in this publication. complex problems, by addressing these issues through Part 1 identifies action situations where it would be the analysis of local contexts and the structure of different useful to consider the opportunities and challenges of- international frameworks. The aim is to facilitate the fered by a land-based commons approach. Part 2 then emergence of institutional arrangements that involve the proposes various entry points that could be used to different groups and communities of interest working to mobilize scientific, cultural and social knowledge and The opportunities tackle issues at the local level, and contribute to policies highlight the different solidarity regimes that support and that can address these questions effectively. mobilize commons. Part 3 discusses the analytical This work on land-based commons is part of much framework for this procedure, which questions some of and challenges broader transdisciplinary reflection by the French Coo- the underlying assumptions that shaped previous initia- peration ‘Land Tenure and Development’ Technical tives to address land issues. Finally, Part 4 sets out six Committee (LTDTC), which has contributed to thinking guiding principles that were developed to facilitate im- presented by a land-based about ongoing changes in land and development over plementation of the land-based commons approach and the last 20 years. -
Weather Anomalies, Crop Yields, and Migration in the US Corn Belt
Weather Anomalies, Crop Yields, and Migration in the US Corn Belt Shuaizhang Feng♣, Michael Oppenheimer♠, and Wolfram Schlenker♥ Working Paper - March 2015 Abstract We link a county-level panel of net migration in the Eastern United States to weather-induced yield anomalies in 1970-2009. Our model uses the seasonality of the sensitivity of corn yields to extreme heat over the growing season, which peaks during corn flowering, as instrument. Unless people inside the Corn Belt (but not outside the Corn Belt) have a distaste for heat that varies year-to-year with corn flowering, our results are driven by a change in agricultural productivity and not a direct preference for climate. A one percent change in yields leads to an opposite 0.3-0.4 percentage point change in the net migration rate in rural counties of the Corn Belt. Since agricultural demand is highly inelastic, price feedbacks have the potential to more than offset the effect of production declines on migration. A novel model that includes both local as well as the global production shocks allows us to differentiate between the decline in productivity due to climate change and the effect of price feedbacks occurring when US production shocks are not offset somewhere else. We cordially acknowledge the contribution to this paper by Alan Krueger before he started his government position as the chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. We appreciate comments from participants at the Norface Migration Conference at University College London at seminar participants at Cornell, George Washington University, and the University of Maryland. Feng acknowledges partial financial support from the Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (2014110310), the National Science Foundation of China for distinguished young scholars, the Yangtz river distinguished schol- ars program, and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0903) sponsored by the Ministry of Education of China. -
Greater Ouarzazate, a 21St-Century Oasis City : Historical Benchmarks and International Visibility
GREATER OUARZAZATE, A 21ST-CENTURY OASIS CITY : HISTORICAL BENCHMARKS AND INTERNATIONAL VISIBILITY CONTEXT DOCUMENT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP OF URBAN PLANNING OUARZAZATE - MOROCCO - 3RD - 16TH NOVEMBER 2018 CONTENTS 1. Contextual Framework . .7 1. Presentation of Morocco: population, climate, diversity ........................ 7 1.1. General description of Morocco �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 1.2. Toponymy �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 1.3. Geography of Morocco ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 1.4. Plains . .8 1.5. Coatline . .8 1.6. Climate in Morocco ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 1.7. Morocco’s hydrography . .9 2. Territorial organization in Morocco ........................................ 10 3. Morocco’s international positioning ........................................ 11 4. Physical and environnemental setting, and geographic location ................. 12 4.1. Geographic location of the workshop’s perimeter . .12 4.2. Physical data of the Great Ouarzazate: �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 5. Histroy of the given territoiry ............................................. 14 6. Political and