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The Concept of Hindu Cosmology in the Tattwa Jnana Text

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The Concept of Hindu Cosmology in the Tattwa Jnana Text Vol. 3 No. 1 May 2019 THE CONCEPT OF HINDU COSMOLOGY IN THE TATTWA JNANA TEXT By: I Gusti Made Widya Sena Institut Hindu Dharma Negeri Denpasar E-mail : [email protected] Received: Desember 1, 2018 Accepted: May 22, 2019 Published: May 31, 2019 Abstract The truth in daily life is certainly a wholeness in implementing the tattwa, ethics and acara of Hinduism as tri basic framework of Hinduism in Bali. This is because until now the implementation of the teaching trilogy is still running and standing alone in an incomplete and comprehensive manner. Sometimes it is found in the field of implementation of acaras and ethics are not equipped with tattwa philosophy in it. So that the knowledge of the people will be more rooted and rely on the basic concept indeed. This of course will increasingly corner the minds of the people about the doctrine that is not fundamental. One of the truths of tattwa written in the Vedic Scriptures is the concept of cosmology or the creation of the universe. Cosmology is one of the important knowledge in Hinduism, because cosmology not only provides knowledge about the creation of the universe, furthermore cosmology can explain the true nature of human beings, which so far is still very difficult to obtain. In Bali, this cosmological teaching is implied in local theology. Local theology that lived and developed in Bali until now is imbued with the teachings of the Vedic scriptures. Especially Siwaistic texts that always put forward the teachings of knowledge about the reality of God, the way to reach Him and the creation of the universe, both great bhuana agung and bhuana alit. Keywords: Hindu Cosmology, Tattwa Jnana 13 Vol. 3 No.1 May 2019 I. Introduction the concept of tattwa, especially regarding Various ways to implement the The Concept of Hindu Cosmology in the teachings of Hinduism that are written in the Tattwa Jnana Text is very important to be Vedic Scriptures, be it the path of karma put forward in everyday life towards yoga (path of activity), bhakti yoga (path of spiritual awareness and harmonious life. devotion), jnana yoga (path of knowledge), and king yoga (path of meditation) must be II. Result and Discussion studied so that someone has a complete 2.1 Hindu Cosmology understanding as an inseparable unity of Cosmology is derived from links. This is done because the Vedas as the philosophy, as is the character or nature of Hindu Scriptures are used by Hindus as a philosophy which is the source of all basis for guiding and guiding the lives of the science. Likewise, cosmology has links with people in carrying out all their daily various fields of science. Cosmology comes activities. The comprehensive knowledge from the word "cosmology", which consists expressed in the Vedas makes the Vedas the of two syllables, namely cosmos and logy. source of truth in life. The truth in daily life The word cosmos means the universe or is certainly wholeness in implementing universe, and the word logy means science. tattwa teachings, ethics and Hinduism acara So Cosmology is the science of the universe as tribasic frameworks of Hinduism in Bali. (Donder, 2007: 1). This is because until now the implementation Another opinion states that of the above teaching trilogy still stands and cosmology is an investigation or theory of runs on it is own intact and incomplete. the origin and character, and the Often in the field, we find the development of the universe as a regular implementation of the acara and ethics are system. Cosmology is a part of philosophy not equipped with tattwa philosophy in it. So that believes in its description as a complete that the knowledge of the Ummah will be description of human philosophy with its rooted and relying on the basic concept is structures and norms. The position of indeed that. This, of course, will further cosmology in a philosophical system is very corner the people's thoughts on doctrines that close to ontology (general metaphysics), are not strong and fundamental. both looking for structures and fundamental One of the truths of tattwa written in norms for equality, only cosmology limits the Vedic Scriptures is the concept of itself to the world of nature. While ontology cosmology or the creation of the universe. tries to understand holistically between Cosmology is one of the important humans, the world and God. knowledge in Hinduism, because cosmology Hindu cosmology is the knowledge not only provides knowledge about the of everything related to the universe. In the creation of the universe, cosmology can teachings of Hindu cosmology, the universe further explain the true nature of human is built of five elements, namely: soil (solid), beings, which so far are still very difficult to water (liquid), air (gas substance), fire obtain. In Bali, the teachings of cosmology (plasma), and ether. The five elements are are implicit in local theology. Local theology called Panca Maha Bhuta or five material that lived and developed in Bali until now elements. Unlike general cosmology, Hindu was inspired by the teachings of the Vedic cosmology places God first and foremost. As scriptures. Especially Shivaistic texts that a forerunner or prime cause of this universe. always prioritize the teachings of the In Hindu cosmology, the creation of this knowledge of the reality of God, the way to universe comes from God. From within the reach Him and the creation and fusion of the body or hiranya the universe was born, and universe, both the bhuana agung and bhuana then to Him, the universe was returned. Thus alit. For this reason, the knowledge and the universe and its contents according to understanding and correct implementation of Hindu cosmology experience repeated 14 Vol. 3 No.1 May 2019 processes of birth, life, and death, as implied least number is in chapter VII, while the in the Bhagavad Gita IX, sloka 7 and 8 longest chapter is in chapter V. Each chapter below: (main part) in this text discusses certain Sarva bhūtāni kaunteya prakṛtim topics. The topics are as: yānti māmikam, 1. The first chapter consists of 5 Kalpa ksaye punas tāni kalpādau slokas which discuss cetana, visrjāmy aham acetana, Parama Siwa Tattwa, (Bhagavad Gita IX.7) Sadasiwa Tattwa, and Atmika Translation: Tattwa. besides that in this All beings enter into my principle at chapter also mentioned what the end of the circulation of Kalpa, O must be considered and studied son of Kunti (Arjuna), and at the by someone who wants to be free beginning of the next Kalpa I created from the misery of incarnation. them again ". By learning and understanding Sang Hyang Tattwa Jnana well, Prakṛtim svām avastabhya visrjāmi is then someone will be free from extinct, misery. Bhūta grāmam imam krtsnamavasam 2. The second chapter consists of 5 prakrter vasat slokas, a continuation of the first (Bhagavad Gita IX.8) chapter that discusses the Bhatara Translation: Dharma developing its certain. By moving My principles, I created Here it is mentioned about Citta, many times all this being, powerless satwam, rajah, and Tamah. with the power of my wisdom. Pradhana tattwa is present in this The two verses above explain Hindu chapter which produces Cosmology. Creation of creatures, including pradhana-purusa. the universe was created cyclic (circle) 3. The third chapter consists of 4 which repeatedly follows the shape of a slokas also describes the origins circle that does not have its tip and base and characteristics of Ahangkara (anadi ananta) and places God as the who gave birth to Dasa Indriya, beginning, middle and end of the existence Panca Tan Matra and Panca of the cosmos. Maha Bhuta. Ahangkara is divided into three parts, namely 2.2 Tattwa Jnana Text ahangkara the waikrta is buddi In relation to this paper, the word sattwa, ahangkara si taijasa is Tattwa Jnana is the name of the text tattwa in buddhi rajah and ahangkara the Bali. The text is one of the texts belonging to bhutadi is buddhi tamah. the type of speech and the presentation is in 4. This chapter consists of 7 slokas, the form of prose. In the Tattwa Jnana text, it discusses the understanding and is not clear who characterization or dialogue distribution of loka sapta, patala occurred between the teacher and the student, sapta, the different roles with unlike other Shivaistic texts in Bali, where wages, and the understanding of the advocacy and dialogue occur clearly. satwam, rajah and tamah. Sapta Between gods and humans, between gods loka consists of satya loka and goddesses and so on. The Tattwa Jnana located at the top, then text which describes Shiva's secret teachings successively below it is maha is structurally contained in the form of loka, jana loka, tapa loka, swar chapters or main sections. This text consists loka, bhuwar loka, and bar loka. of eight chapters with a total number of sloka Sapta Patala consists of patala, reaching 74 slokas. The chapter with the 15 Vol. 3 No.1 May 2019 vital, nitala, maha tala, sutala, that cannot be carried out without tala-tala, and rasa tala. samyagjnana guidance (true 5. The fifth chapter consists of 24 knowledge). That is why with the slokas, describing the Hyang truth understanding and Atma's punarbhawa, as well as its implementation in knowing characteristics and characteristics. prayogasandhi it is preferred to In this chapter, it is told how reach the world of liberation. Atma got the fruit of karma during his life in the world and 2.3 The Concept of Cosmology the implementation of the In the Tattwa Jnana Text, The Tattwa prayogasandhi teachings as Jnana text is Shivaistic Text that glorifies medicine in escaping from the Lord Shiva as the highest form of God.
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