DOCSLIB.ORG

Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis, USA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis, USA Uso Sinérgico de Biotecnologías, Selección Genómica y Tecnologías de Reproducción Asistida en Programas de Cría de Animales de Producción Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis, USA Email: [email protected] Twitter: @BioBeef Blog: http://biobeef.faculty.ucdavis.edu Website:http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/animalbiotech Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Criadores de animales han hecho importantes avances genéticos basados únicamente en selección fenotípica Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education El peso de pollos de carne de 8 semanas ha aumentado de 0.81 kg a 3.14 kg entre 1957 y el 2001 . Aproximadamente 80% de este incremento es el resultado de selección genética Havenstein, G., et al. (2003). Growth, livability, and feed conversion of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets. Poultry Science 82, 1500-1508. Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Y si no # de animales hubiéramos usados para consumo en el mejorado 2009 genéticamente nuestros animales de producción? 1.3 billones de cerdos 2.6 billones de patos 52 billones de pollos • 59 millones de toneladas de huevos. • 90 millones de toneladas de carne Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Producción total 2014 Cantidad Otras en USA en 2014 necesitada para necesidades 1950 Soybeans 3,927,090,000 BU 82,591,000 180,971,889 ~ 98 million Acres Acres Acres (235,562,540,000 lb) (106,849,370,802 kg) (33,423,392 ha) (73,236,725 ha) (~40 million ha) Corn 14,215,532,000 BU 83,136,000 372,134,346 ~ 289 million Acres Acres Acres (796,069,979,000 lb) (361,091,268,460 kg) (33,643,946 ha) (150,597,427 ha) (~120 million ha) Dairy cattle 206,046,000,000 lbs 9,257,166 head 38,774,181 head ~ 30 million head milk (93,460,893,469 kg) Broilers 51,373,100,000 lbs 8,544,100,000 16,679,545,455 ~ 8 billion head meat head head + an additional 81.5 billion lbs (23,302,446,000 kg) feed due to less efficient FCR Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education La tasa de ganancia genetica depende de los 4 componentes de la ecuación del criador ΔG = Intensidad de selección X Exactitud de selección X (√Variación genética en la población/ intervalo generacional ) Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Convenio en Biodiversidad Genética : “Biotecnologías y cualquier aplicación de tecnologías que use sistemas biológicos, organismos vivos, o derivados para hacer o modificar productos o procesos para usos específicos.” Genetics/breeding Nutrition Health Artificial insemination Feed additives: Amino acids, Molecular diagnostics enzymes & probiotics Progesterone monitoring Prebiotics Recombinant vaccines Estrus synchronization Silage additives (enzymes and Conventional vaccines microbial inoculants) Invito fertilization and Ionophores Sterile insect technique embryo transfer (SIT) Cryopreservation Molecular Single cell proteins Bioinformatics markers; genomic selection Semen and embryo sexing Recombinant somatotropins Molecular markers; genomic Solid state fermentation of selection lignocellulosics GREEN = Potential for generating impact Cloning Molecular gut microbiology (time frame <10 years) Genetic Engineering/ Genome editing Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education 1944: 25.6 million animals; total annual milk production of 53.1 billion kg. 1997: 9.2 million animals; total annual milk production of 84.2 billion kg. Cerca de la mitad de este 369% aumento en eficiencia de producción es atribuible a mejoramiento genético gracias a la inseminación artificial A I VandeHaar, M.J. and St-Pierre, N. (2006). Major Advances in Nutrition: Relevance to the Sustainability of the Dairy Industry. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1280-1291. Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education La inseminación artificial fue inicialmente un tema controversial “In the initial stages of attempting to develop AI there were several obstacles. The general public was against research that had anything to do with sex. Associated with this was the fear that AI would lead to abnormalities. Finally, it was difficult to secure funds to support research because influential cattle breeders opposed AI, believing that this would destroy their bull market.” Foote, R.H. 2002. The history of artificial insemination: Selected notes and notables. J. Anim. Sci., 80 (E. Suppl.) (2002), pp. E22–E32 Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Uso de recursos y desechos en la industria lechera en USA en el 2007 comparada con la de 1944 GHG = Greenhouse gas 1/3 Capper, JL and DE Bauman, 2013. The Role of Productivity in Improving the Environmental Sustainability of Ruminant Production Systems. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 1 pp. 9.1–9.21 Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Que es un marcador genetico? A DNA sequence variation that has been associated with a given trait in one or more populations Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Queremos usar marcadores genéticos (SNPs), pedigríes e información de producción para seleccionar los mejores animales Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Uruguay 10/10/2016 Education Tecnologías genotípicas de alto rendimiento permitieron el desarrollo de “SNP chips” (marcadores) de alta densidad The sequencing of the bovine genome allowed for the development of a 50,000 SNP chip, then the 800,000 SNP chip; and now whole genome sequence (3 billion)! Uruguay 10/10/2016 Podemos usar estos SNP CHIPS para selección “genética”? TRAINING POPULATION 1,000s animals Training = estimate the value of every chromosome – Phenotypes fragment contributing – Genotypes variation in a population with phenotypic observations Prediction = the results of training can then be used to develop prediction equations to predict the merit of new animals (e.g. young bulls) Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Registros en bases de datos de lecherias en USA Pedigree records 71,974,045 Animal genotypes 1,035,590 Lactation records (since 1960) 132,629,200 Daily yield records (since 1990) 641,864,015 Reproduction event records 179,559,035 Calving difficulty scores 29,528,607 Stillbirth scores 19,567,198 Data from George Wiggins, USDA ARS (7/2015) Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Slide courtesy Curt Van Tassell Van Curt courtesy Slide Genotipos 1000000 1200000 200000 400000 600000 800000 0 Jun-09 Oct-09 M-50-Old F-50-Old 50-Young Low-Old Low-Young Feb-10 Jun-10 Oct-10 Feb-11 Jun-11 New Genotypes per Month 30000 35000 40000 45000 10000 15000 20000 25000 5000 Oct-11 0 Feb-12 May-10 Oct-10 Jun-12 Mar-11 Aug-11 Oct-12 Jan-12 Feb-13 Jun-12 Nov-12 Jun-13 Apr-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Feb-14 Jul-14 Feb-14 Dec-14 Jun-14 May-15 Oct-15 Oct-14 Mar-16 Feb-15 May 2016 24, May Jun-15 Oct-15 Feb-16 Prediccion del valor de cruce en toros lecheros Graphic kindly provided by Gonzalo Rincon Young sire Young sire Young sire Parent Average Progeny Test Genomic Selection x x x Birth 5 years; $50,000 cost Birth; << $50,000 cost AS AD AS AD AS AD Mendelian Sampling ? Mendelian Sampling Mendelian Sampling Accuracy 0.20 Accuracy 0.90 Accuracy 0.80 Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Seleccion genetica puede doblar la tasa de ganancia genetica Rate of genetic gain ΔG ΔG = (im rm +if rf)/ (Lm + Lf) genetic standard deviation/year = (2*0.9 + 0)/ (6+2) = 0.225 s.d./year (progeny test) = (2*0.8 + 0.8*0.8)/ (2+2) = 0.56 (genomic selection) i = intensity of selection r = accuracy of selection L = generation interval Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education La tasa de ganancia genética en toros comerciales Holando se ha duplicado 600 Average gain: 500 $87.49/year 400 ($) 300 Average gain: 200 $47.95/year 100 Average gain: net merit merit net 0 -100 $19.42/year -200 -300 Average 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 Year entered AI Data from George Wiggins, USDA ARS (7/2015) La selección genómica puede ayudar criadores a identificar animales con valores de producción superiores desde que son jóvenes ΔG = intensity of selection X accuracy of selection X (√genetic variance in population / generation interval) Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Secuenciación masiva ha sido integrada a la industria lechera • High use of AI • Only one breed • Clear selection goal (total net merit) • Large number of high accuracy A.I. sires for training • Extensive, uniform collection of data on traits • Central evaluation (AIPL) receiving genotypes • Obvious way to increase rate of genetic gain • AI companies funding the genotyping because they get a clear cost savings in terms of young sire program Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Kasinathan, P. et al. 2015. Acceleration of genetic gain in cattle by reduction of generation interval. Sci. Rep. 5, 8674; DOI:10.1038/srep08674 Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Approximate genetic AN: Angus GV: Gelbvieh BM: Beefmaster LM: Limousin distance between BN: Brangus MA: Maine Anjou breeds using data from BR: Brahman RA: Red Angus the 2,000 Bull Project. BU: Braunvieh SA: Salers Larry Keuhn, USDA MARC CA: Chiangus SG: Santa Gertrudis http://www.nbcec.org/topics/ CH: Charolais SH: Shorthorn BeefBreeds.pdf HH: Hereford SM: Simmental HL: Line 1 HH Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education La tasa de ganancia genética (ΔG) depende de los 4 componentes de la ecuación del criador ΔG = intensity of selection X accuracy of selection X (√genetic variance in population / generation interval) Uruguay 10/10/2016 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Aplicaciones de la ingeniería genética en agricultura engineering Van Eenennaam, A.L.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Alison Van Eenennaam, UC-‐Davis 6/2/2017 2017 BIF Symposium
    Alison Van Eenennaam, UC-Davis 6/2/2017 How genome editing could Animal breeders have made synergistically accelerate animal remarkable genetic progress based genomics solely on phenotype-based selection Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis, USA Email: [email protected] Twitter: @BioBeef Photo credit: Cornell Alliance for Science http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/animalbiotech BIF 6/2/2017 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education BIF 6/2/2017 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Genetic Defects in Dogs Breeding Objective n Every one of the 50 most popular pedigree-dog “A breeding objective need not breeds has at least one aspect of its physical be economic. For example, in many companion animal species conformation that predisposes it to a disorder. it is tempting to believe that the n “The association of some of these conditions breeding objective must be the with official breed standards…make maintenance of a ridiculous conformational extremes an area which needs to appearance and congenital abnormalities!” be addressed to safeguard the welfare of pedigreed dogs in the future.” (John Gibson, UNE) Asher et al. (2009) Inherited defects in pedigree dogs. Part 1. Disorders related to breed standards. The Veterinary Journal. 182: 402-411. BIF 6/2/2017 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education BIF 6/2/2017 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education 1944: 25.6 million animals; total annual milk production of 53.1 billion kg. The 8-week old body weight of broiler (meat) chickens 1997: 9.2 million animals; total annual milk production of 84.2 billion kg.
    [Show full text]
  • Bovine Genome Coordinators Newsletter September, 2015
    Bovine Genome Coordinators Newsletter September, 2015 =========================================================================== 1. Bovine Genome Coordinator Newsletter 2. Update on Improvement of the bovine genome reference assembly – Juan Medrano 3. FAANG updates – Huaijun Zhou 4. Development and availability of Illumina functional chip – Jerry Taylor 5. Cattle genomic database update – Harvey Blackburn 6. Cattle/Sheep/Goat/NRSP-8 Program at PAG XXIV in San Diego – Stephanie McKay 7. Nominate students for the PAG XXIV Neal A. Jorgenson Graduate Student Travel Award 8. Annotation of bovine genome with the NLM controlled Medical Subject Headings 9. PacBio + PBJelly improved genome reference has been submitted to GenBank 10. LIC (New Zealand) plans to sequence Holstein Friesian bull to 70x coverage using Pac Bio 11. eBEEF (eBEEF.org) beef genetics/genomics community of practice with eXtension launched 12. Discussion of other issues of concern/priorities for the bovine genome community 13. NIFA updates - Lakshmi Kumar Matukumalli ([email protected]) =========================================================================== 1. Cattle Genome Coordinators Newsletter Welcome to this the Bovine Genome Coordinator Newsletter from Juan Medrano, UC Davis ([email protected]) Bovine Genome Coordinator, and co-coordinators Jerry Taylor, University of Missouri ([email protected]), and Alison Van Eenennaam, UC Davis ([email protected]). We hope to keep the Bovine Genome Community informed of developments and activities of
    [Show full text]
  • September 26, 2016 Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305
    September 26, 2016 Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305) Food and Drug Administration 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061 Rockville, MD 20852 Re: Docket #FDA-2016-D-1399-0001, “Procedures for evaluating appearance issues and granting authorizations for participation in FDA advisory committees; Draft guidance for the public, FDA Advisory Committee members, and Food and Drug Administration staff.” Dear Dr. Califf, Food & Water Watch is a national nonprofit advocacy organization. We write today to comment on the FDA’s draft guidance on advisory committee members “appearance” of lacking impartiality (Docket #FDA-2016-D-1399-0001). We present in this comment a case study of one advisory committee’s review of one product, the veterinary medicine advisory committee’s (VMAC) review of AquaBounty’s genetically engineered (GMO) salmon. As previously noted in comments submitted to the FDA by Food & Water Watch,1 the composition of this committee was deeply imbalanced, included members with undisclosed financial conflicts of interest, and otherwise presented “appearance issues,” as FDA called them, that caused the public to question the impartiality of the FDA’s review of GMO salmon. Nearly 2 million members of the public submitted public comments to the FDA in opposition to GMO salmon, citing, among other reasons, the appearance of bias on VMAC.2 Under the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA), FDA is required to form “fairly balanced” advisory committees that are not “inappropriately influenced by….any special interest.”3 As this case study indicates, FDA has failed to follow FACA. This case study indicates FDA’s urgent need to dramatically revamp its recruitment of advisory committee members to insure that its work is impartial, balanced, and captures the most relevant expert perspectives that exist on a given subject before the FDA.
    [Show full text]
  • Des Moines Iowa
    53RD ANNUAL BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM & CONVENTION JUNE 22–25 IOWA EVENTS CENTER DES MOINES IOWA | | TM Iowa Beef Center 1 53RD ANNUAL BEEF IMPROVEMENT FEDERATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM & CONVENTION TABLE OF CONTENTS 03 Welcome 04 Facility Maps 04 Schedule of Events 08 President’s Profile 10 Speakers—Young Producers 10 Speakers—General Sessions 12 Nominees—Seedstock Producer of the Year 14 Past Seedstock Producers of the Year 15 Nominees—Commercial Producer of the Year 18 Past BIF Commercial Producer of the Year 19 Past BIF Pioneer Award Recipients 21 Past BIF Continuing Service Award Recipients 23 Past BIF Ambassador Award Recipients 24 Past Baker/Cundiff Award Recipients 25 Roy A. Wallace Memorial Scholarship PROCEEDINGS PAPERS 26 Understanding Consumer Attitudes and Shopping Habits To Help Bolster Meat Case Activity—Michael Uetz, Principal, Midan Marketing 28 Lessons in Genetics from the Pork Industry—Jim Pillen 30 We can sell more beef—Dan Thomson, PhD, DVM 33 Gene editing: Today and in the Future—Alison Van Eenennaam, PhD 39 The Future of Precision Livestock for the Cattle Industry—Justin Sexten 42 Use of Advanced Reproductive Technologies and Inclusion of these Records in Genetic Evaluation—R. Mark Thallman and Alexandria Snider 51 2021 Baker/Cundiff Essay Contest Winner: Gene Editing as a Tool for Genetic Improvement of Beef Cattle—Maci Mueller, University of California–Davis 57 Thanks to our sponsors 60 2020-2021 BIF Board of Directors 2 Welcome to Des Moines! On behalf of the planning committee, we are excited to host the 2021 Beef Improvement Federation Symposium in person. The committee has planned an informative, thought- provoking event with plenty of opportunity for discussion and networking.
    [Show full text]
  • Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis, USA
    Will Animal Genetics Innovations Be Embraced Or Eschewed? The #Scicomm Challenge Facing Agricultural Biotechnology Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis, USA Email: [email protected] Twitter: @BioBeef BLOG: http://biobeef.faculty.ucdavis.edu http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/animalbiotech Image credit: John Wood Van Eenennaam 7/20/2017 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Plant and animal breeders have perhaps the most compelling sustainability story of all time Chart from Matt DiLeo/USDA https://grist.files.wordpress.com/2015/12/corn-hybrid-yields.jpeg Van Eenennaam 7/20/2017 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education 1944: 25.6 million animals; total annual milk production of 53.1 billion kg. 1997: 9.2 million animals; total annual milk production of 84.2 billion kg. About half of this 369% increase in production efficiency is attributable to genetic improvement enabled by AI A I VandeHaar, M.J. and St-Pierre, N. (2006). Major Advances in Nutrition: Relevance to the Sustainability of the Dairy Industry. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1280-1291. Van Eenennaam 7/20/2017 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Artificial insemination was initially a controversial technology “In the initial stages of attempting to develop AI there were several obstacles. The general public was against research that had anything to do with sex. Associated with this was the fear that AI would lead to abnormalities. Finally, it was difficult to secure funds to support research because influential cattle breeders opposed AI, believing that this would destroy their bull market.” Foote, R.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Health and Welfare Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D
    Animal Health and Welfare Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis, USA [email protected] @BioBeef Blog: http://biobeef.faculty.ucdavis.edu http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/animalbiotech Van Eenennaam BIO 9/21/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education https://youtu.be/C0MBl0BANHg Animal biotech is often associated with only one application BIO 9/21/2016 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Sustainability implications of land-based AquAdvantage aquaculture √ More efficient: Less feed to produce a serving of fish √ Less disease spread to wild populations √ Decreased use of antibiotics BIO 9/21/2016 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Genetically engineered Glofish Pigs as organ donors - xenotransplantation • http://www.glofish.com BIO 9/21/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Genetic improvement (permanent, cumulative) as a solution to animal disease rather than chemicals BIO 9/21/2016 The influenza pandemic of 1918 killed between 20-40 million people - more than died in WWI BIO 9/21/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education GE Chickens That Don't Transmit Bird Flu Breakthrough could prevent future bird flu epidemics Science 331:223-226. 2011 www.roslin.ed.ac.uk/public-interest/gm-chickens BIO 9/21/2016 Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education TRYPANOSOMIASIS (African sleeping sickness) in SUB-SAFARAN AFRICA • Several thousand people die of African sleeping sickness and 3
    [Show full text]
  • Edited Dr. Van Eenennaam's Remarks
    From: QUARLES. LEE TAG/10001 To: Vj.GINLJQUML.[AG/. 1.QQ.QJ.; ,AiJSQn.yan.Eanannaam Subject: RE: Van Eenennaam version Date: Tuesday, November 25, 2014 11:06:11 AM - !!'\/43 Vv>- \A/''^r!'''^.'"W^l Kv-u^ i,\;ifuuvluSi ]I .onOilwy csrw-OQQi !'"*;wldi: ilil ^AmoCiunt pH^iUu! u Ii uvJIlS.'"\rv"'u !t cvu*u^ ln t^ mrv~u: iv-i1 n s t LCb .'""i<Ji\n to1<J\Jp -'isJt l i;"\t'~in''JOMH cb uu-cu/ipip<uV<L_'U.l scb HAVOML/LtJC . A/"\c b \/nyoi iu PPHP^P1* £^ r^n;i wnrkpri to ^nSuf^ tPp^ VOII \/y:--rp oj^liv^pHfy too cii'Tpl*" ;*Tio^,t jrpp^nr^pnt t'VAin^s I dp >'"•'") t \o h{"}l jt Pippcp i" ^ \ /: o \A/ pnH |PT rpp Pnr;\A,' if up: : jppv/p p py p | j AC.| iipn^ Wo fJrPrP iv *": *"U*T i'-^*'" I ^to N'T^ From: VIQ Nl, JOHN L [AG/1000] Sent: Tuesday, November 25, 2014 7:27 AM To: Alison Van Eenennaam; QUARLES, LEE [AG/1000] Cc: SACHS, ERIC S [AG/1000]; Zagora, Tony Subject: RE: Van Eenennaam version From: Alison Van Eenennaam [mailto:aivaneenennaamcb3ucdavis.edu] Sent: Sunday, November 23, 2014 10:30 PM To: QUARLES, LEE [AG/1000] Cc: SACHS, ERICS [AG/1000]; VIQ Nl, JOHN L [AG/1000]; Zagora, Tony Subject: Van Eenennaam version Vv fci.i i it SUdy' . i licjvt,' lO L'it". t". 0 t-dtUt: d i! iici\ t UtiSUaV a!iU I! i till It", ali t JAj'".i.l hUs W f»(.Jt it: StJcJ V St.* WuUlQ r>->\/:;5 i'r\ i'",^ •:• .,-\ rrw'd" i s*Y"! A- ;^i"i-^;'" irv.U' ,''V~, \A/.orS j t n i d !-*' d i'"dn i"E f/'v dT*'"*/V"tr'.3 :*""!" iP£- vA.',*"1,! ! tH !'"v"i !*>.;:* Cyf j ; i 1 t"\ O lldKt IkJ k.'k- dk-'i i it- Li I ! !'.„ Ql 1^.1 '.llfll t-.'l ! SIL'J.
    [Show full text]
  • Precision Management of Crops:College Of
    FEEDING A HUNGRY PLANET Why innovation is key Our first to our food supply. 4 Outlook speaker series!AGE 2 Making the case for DETAILS ON P agricultural research. 13 College of AgriCulturAl And environmentAl SCienCeS • uC DaviS • Fall/Winter 2011 THIS ISSUE is a publication of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis EXECUTIVE EDITOR Ann Filmer MANAGING EDITOR John Stumbos ASSOCIATE EDITOR Robin DeRieux GRAPHIC DESIGNER Eric Rohr CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Alumni Spotlight: San Francisco Food Bank leader Jan Kingsbury Christine Schmidt Paul Ash has found new ways to bring fresh produce Neal Van Alfen to those in need. Page 20 ONLINE MEDIA Trish Ang COVER PHOTO: From left, faculty Tyler Randles DEAN’S MESSAGE 3 members Kent Bradford, Shrinivasa COVER STORY 4 Upadhyaya, and Karen Klonsky ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT STUDENTS AND STUDIES 14 work on projects to enhance the Leslianne Foster MAKING A DIffERENCE 16 Jennifer Woo HONOR ROLL 18 food supply. Pictured at Nugget ALUMNI SPOTLIGHT 20 Market in south Davis. CA &ES OUTLOOK ONLINE AROUND THE COLLEGE 21 Photo by Neil Michel/Axiom http://outlook.ucdavis.edu COLLEGE CELEBRATION 23 MARK YOUR CALENDAR DEAN ’S OFFICE University of California One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616-8571 Phone (530) 752-0108 [email protected] NEW SPEAKER SERIES You are invited to learn more about the challenges of feeding the planet from Dean www.caes.ucdavis.edu Neal Van Alfen and three faculty experts featured in this issue of CA&ES Outlook, who will speak on Saturday, Nov. 5, at the UC Davis Conference Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Department of Animal Science
    The case of the AquAdvantage salmon Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis [email protected] http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/animalbiotech/ CAST 10/6/2010 Alison Van Eenennaam , Ph.D., UC Davis What is the AquAdvantage salmon? CAST 10/6/2010 Alison Van Eenennaam , Ph.D., UC Davis Same-age siblings – one carrying a hemizygous copy of the transgene CAST 10/6/2010 Alison Van Eenennaam , Ph.D., UC Davis Fish reach adult size in 16 to 18 months instead of 30 months CAST 10/6/2010 Alison Van Eenennaam , Ph.D., UC Davis Retrieved from “AquAdvantage” image search on web CAST 10/6/2010 Alison Van Eenennaam , Ph.D., UC Davis Retrieved from “AquAdvantage” image search on web Frankenfish CAST 10/6/2010 Alison Van Eenennaam , Ph.D., UC Davis Retrieved from “AquAdvantage” image search on web CAST 10/6/2010 Alison Van Eenennaam , Ph.D., UC Davis What are the regulatory options for GE animals? 1. “Substantial Equivalence” approach 2. “Food Additive” approach 3. “New Animal Drug” approach CAST 10/6/2010 Alison Van Eenennaam , Ph.D., UC Davis “Substantial Equivalence” approach Similar to approach taken with crops FDA could encourage developers to voluntarily consult with agency but no formal regulatory proceeding required If materially different (i.e. has toxin or allergen) then FDA can require additional approvals and labeling Developer accepts legal responsibility NO PUBLIC INPUT PEW 2003. Future Fish: Issues in Science and Regulation of Transgenic Fish Alison Van Eenennaam , Ph.D., UC Davis “Food Additive” approach “any substance ..in food … that is not generally recognized as safe (GRAS)” If GRAS then FDA has to show otherwise through an enforcement proceeding The FDA determines the safety (reasonable certainty of no harm) of a food additive) with public comment Once safe then any food manufacturer can use it for the approved purpose PEW 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • Update on the Regulatory Journey of the Aquadvantage Genetically-Engineered Salmon Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D
    W051: Update on the Regulatory Journey of the AquAdvantage Genetically-Engineered Salmon Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis [email protected] “The mission of the animal genomics and biotechnology extension program is to provide broad, science-based extension programming on the uses of animal biotechnologies in livestock production systems.” http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/animalbiotech Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education Salmon • 1996: World farmed salmon production (mostly Atlantic salmon) first exceeded wild salmon harvest • Americans consume an average of about 0.28 MMT of salmon annually • ⅓ was wild Pacific salmon and ⅔ was imported, farmed Atlantic salmon • 99% of the Atlantic salmon consumed in the US is farmed – almost all from ocean pen aquaculture operations in Canada, Chile, Norway and Scotland • Atlantic salmon can not interbreed with Pacific salmon – they are different species PAG W051 1/15/2012 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education There are three types of salmon aquaculture Sea cages or open net pens Sea ranching • salmon eggs are fertilized in hatcheries and grown until they are able to live independently, at which time they are released – either into streams or ocean • In 2008, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game reported that 146 million Pacific salmon were commercially harvested. Of this, 60 million salmon were identified as ocean ranched. Therefore ocean ranched salmon represented over 41% of the “wild-caught” Pacific salmon commercial catch in Alaska http://www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us/FedAidPDFs/fmr09-08.pdf Grow fish in inland tanks PAG W051 1/15/2012 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education October 2011 Davis, CA Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Fast growing salmon The founder female was generated in 1989 – 21 years ago Nature Biotechnology 10:176 – 181.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetically Engineered Animals Tangled in Regulatory and Political Deadlock Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D
    Genetically Engineered Animals Tangled in Regulatory and Political Deadlock Alison Van Eenennaam, Ph.D. Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis [email protected] http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/animalbiotech Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Education No genetically engineered animals have been approved for food production anywhere in the world APPLICATION Species Gene Approach ENVIRONMENTAL Decreased P in manure Swine Phytase Transgene expression DISEASE RESISTANCE Mastitis resistance Cattle Lysostaphin Transgene expression Avian flu transmission Chicken Decoy protein Transgene expression PRODUCT QUALITY Increased ω-3 fatty acids Swine n-3 fatty acid Clone/Transgene in meat desaturase expression PRODUCTIVITY Enhanced growth rate ↑ fish species Growth Hormone Transgene expression Fahrenkrug et al. 2010. Precision Genetics for Complex Objectives in Animal Agriculture. J. Anim Sci. 88(7):2530-9. BIGMAP 4/18/2012 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education EnviropigTM (Low-phosphorus manure) Nature Biotechnology 10:176 – 181. 1992 Nature Biotechnology 19, 741–745 . 2001 “reduces fecal phosphorus output by up to 75%” www.uoguelph.ca/enviropig BIGMAP 4/18/2012 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Mastitis-resistant cows (inflammation of mammary gland) Nature Biotechnology 23:445-451. 2005 www.ars.usda.gov BIGMAP 4/18/2012 Animal Biotechnology and Genomics Education Omega-3 Pigs (Pigs cloned after genetically engineering cell) Nature Biotechnology
    [Show full text]
  • Hill Seminar Highlights
    ‘Lunch~N~Learn’ Hill Seminar Series http://www.ncfar.org/Hill_Seminar_Series.asp GOAL: Inform Hill Staff & other policy stakeholders about the value of public investment in food & ag research through hill seminars featuring leading edge researchers and extension specialists on topics of high interest. Helps staff make more informed recommendations about federal funding for Food and Ag RE&E. • 11,587 attendees over past 16+ years through 162 seminars/webinars. 378 participants in 3 webinars to date in 2021. • Leading presenters from 70+ institutions (including universities & federal agencies) across the nation—wide range of disciplines and topics. 2021 TITLES USDA, RESEARCH INVESTMENTS-NIFA * USDA, RESEARCH INVESTMENTS-ARS USDA, RESEARCH INVESTMENT-ERS/NASS 2021 LINEUP USDA, RESEARCH INVESTMENT-ERS/NASS, Dr. Spiro Sterfanou, USDA, ERS; Dr. Herbert Hamer, USDA, NASS (WEBINAR Apr 6-59) USDA, RESEARCH INVESTMENTS-ARS, Dr. Chavonda Jacobs-Young, USDA, ARS; Dr. Alice Lichtenstein, USDA, ARS; Dr. Russell Jessup, Texas A&M (WEBINAR March 22-175) USDA, RESEARCH INVESTMENTS-NIFA, Dr. Carrie Castille, USDA, NIFA; Dr. Bret Hess, WAAESD; Dr. Susan Ballabina, Texas A&M; Dr. Jason Henderson, Purdue; Dr. Vonda Richardson, Florida A&M; Dr. Alton Thompson, Assn of 1890s Research Directors; Dr. Brian Kowalkowski, College of Menominee Nation (WEBINAR), March 16-144) 2020 LINEUP INTRODUCING THE NATIONAL BIO & AGRO-DEFENSE FACILITY, Alfonso Clavijo, U.S. Dept of Homeland Security (WEBINAR), September 16/88) CATCHING UP WITH THE CRISPR CRAZE, Rodolphe Barrangou, North Carolina State (WEBINAR, July 13-57/10) ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON FOOD & AG MARKETS, Jayson Lusk, Purdue; Timothy Richards, Arizona State; Alison Davis, U of Kentucky; John Anderson, U of Arkansas (WEBINAR, June 29-1059/30) PLANT SCIENCE DECADAL VISION 2020-2030, Dr.
    [Show full text]