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Geology and Petrology of the Ute Mountains Area Colorado

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Geology and Petrology of the Ute Mountains Area Colorado Geology and Petrology of the Ute Mountains Area Colorado GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 481 Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Geology and Petrology of the Ute Mountains Area Colorado By E. B. EKREN and F. N. HOUSER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 481 Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission The petrography^ structure^ and petrology of a laccolithic mountain range on the Colorado Plateau UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library catalog card for this publication appears after index. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 CONTENTS Abstract. --______-_-_-__--_-_________..__-.________ Igneous rocks Continued Introduction. __-------___-_________________________ Petrology. ___________-------------------------- 35 Geographic setting and accessibility. _ _____________ Chemical composition of the igneous rocks. _ _ _ _ 35 Culture __ ----________ _ _____________________ Variation diagrams _-------------------- 37 Topography. ___________________________________ Minor elements_-_______--_--------------- 38 Climate and vegetation__ _ _______________________ Variation in the igneous rock series_______--_- 38 Purpose and scope of investigation. _ ______________ Variation of minor elements with rock Previous work___ _______________________________ alteration.. _ __________-___----------- 40 Fieldwork and acknowledgments. _________________ Variations in igneous rocks. _ ______ 40 Geologic setting. ___________________________________ Variations in sedimentary rocks adja­ Stratigraphy of the sedimentary rocks_ ________________ cent to igneous intrusives.--------- 43 Pre-Navajo rocks. ______________________________ Origin of the igneous rocks and hornblende in­ Triassic(?) and Jurassic............ ______________ clusions ___ _-___-_---------_---------------- 45 Glen Canyon Group...... ___________________ Structural geology and forms of the igneous bodies ___ 50 Navajo Sandstone. _____________________ General features______________ 50 Jurassic System. _______________________________ Ute dome_______________----_ 50 San Rafael Group___________________________ McElmo dome_ _________-_--- 51 Entrada Sandstone. _____________________ Faults _ ___-_-_---_--------- 52 Summerville Formation____ _ _____________ 10 Intrusive bodies._____________ 52 Junction Creek Sandstone _______________ 12 Stocks____---_----------- 53 Morrison Formation. ___________________ 13 Black Mountain stock. 53 Salt Wash Sandstone Member________ 14 "The Knees" stock. _ _ 53 Recapture Shale Member___-_-______ 14 Ute Peak. 54 Westwater Canyon Sandstone Member- 15 Bysmaliths________________-_-----_------- 55 Brushy Basin Shale Member. ________ 15 Sentinel Peak._____________ 55 Cretaceous System _ _ __________________________ 18 Mable Mountain. _-______-_ 55 Burro Canyon Formation...... ______________ 18 The "West Toe" -- - 56 Dakota Sandstone. _________________________ 20 Laccoliths. _-__-_----------_--- 56 Mancos Shale_ _____________________________ 23 North Ute Peak laccolith 56 Mesaverde Group____ _ ______________________ 25 Horse Mountain laccolith____ 56 Point Lookout Sandstone. ___________________ 26 East Horse laccolith_______ 56 Quaternary System. ____________________________ 26 Sundance cluster of laccoliths. 56 Igneous rocks ______________________________________ 27 Razorback laccolith. 57 General features and evidence for age of igneous Last Spring laccolith ___________--__-_--- 57 activity. _ ____________________________________ 27 Flat laccolith___---------------------- 57 Relative ages of the intrusive rocks _______________ 27 Three Forks laccolith___-____-__------- 57 Occurrence and petrography. ____________________ 28 Banded laccolith ________----_------- 58 General features. ___________________________ 28 The "West Toe" cluster of intrusive bodies. 58 Microgabbro _______________________________ 28 Mushroom laccolith --------------------- 58 Diorite porphyry _ __________________________ 28 Pack Trail laccolith . 58 Normal diorite porphyry. ________________ 30 Tongue laccolith . ____-_--__---------- 58 Leucocratic diorite porphyry _____________ 30 Yucca cluster of laccoliths ______---_---_- 59 Grandiorite porphyry _______________________ 30 "The Buttes"laccolith__---_-_---------- 59 Quartz monzonite porphyry, _ ________________ 31 North Black Mountain laccolith __________ 59 Lamprophyre ______________________________ 32 Sills and dikes --------------------------- 59 33 Breccia pipes__ _ ___________----------------- ^9 Alteration. ________________________________ 35 Summary of geologic events..- _______---------------- 60 Deuteric alteration.... _ _________________ 35 Economic geology..--------------------------------- Hydrothermal alteration at Mable Moun­ Metallic mineral deposits_______-_--------------- 61 tain..... ____________________________ 35 Uranium deposits.- _ _______-_-_------------- °^ft9 Pyritization in the vicinity of igneous Fault-controlled deposits _ _____-_-__-_-- 62 contacts. _ ___________________________ 35 Cliff House group of claims ______-_-_ 62 Hydrothermal (hot-spring) alteration asso­ Three States Natural Gas Co. pros­ ciated with breccia pipes______ _________ 35 pect....-- ----------------------- 63 m IV CONTENTS Page Page Economic geology Continued Economic geology Continued Metallic mineral deposits Continued Metallic mineral deposits Continued Uranium deposits Continued Uranium potential of the Ute Mountains area_ _ _ _ 67 Bedded uranium deposits.___--___-__--.-______ 64 Northern Ute Mountains area________---___ 67 Karla Kay mine____________________________ 64 Southern Ute Mountains area._______----__ 68 Nonmetallic mineral deposits__-_--____------------- 68 Coffin's prospect____________________________ 66 Petroleum, natural gas, and carbon dioxide. _____ 68 Copper deposits._______________________________ 66 Known occurrences__ ________-____------_- 68 Battle Rock mine____-__----______________ 66 Oil and gas possibilities of the Ute Moun­ Ute Creek dike prospects. ___________________ 66 tains area___--------------------------- 69 Ute dome__________--____-__------- 69 Little Maude mine__________________________ 66 Coal.-__---_-------------------------------- 69 Relation of the metallio mineral deposits to the Literature cited_____--_-----__---------------------- 69 igneous rocks__-_-______________________ 67 Index.____----_----_------------------------------ 71 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Geologic map of the Ute Mountains area___________-__________-_______---------_-_---_-_--------- In pocket FIGUKE 1. Index map of southwestern Colorado showing quadrangles in the Ute Mountains area_______________________ 3 2. Navajo Sandstone in McElmo Canyon__________________________--____-__-________----_-------------_- 9 3. Upper unit of the Junction Creek Sandstone underlying the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation _ 12 4. Salt Wash Sandstone Member, Recapture Shale Member, and Westwater Canyon Sandstone Member of the Morrison Formation near Karla Kay mine_______-__________-__--_-----------_----------------------- 15 5. Lower part of the Dakota Sandstone and sandstone of the Burro Canyon Formation in Western McElmo Canyon. 22 6. "The Mound." The Juana Lopez Member in the Mancos Shale____.____________-______-----_------_--__ 25 7. Contact of quartz monzonite porphyry with diorite porphyry.__-_--------------------------------------- 27 8. Specimens of the four main types of igneous rock from the Ute Mountains-_______________-_-____---------_ 29 9. Specimen of hornblende granodiorite porphyry from Ute Peak__________________-___------_--_------------ 31 10. Inclusions in intrusive igneous rocks of the Ute Mountains..----_____________________----_--_--_--------- 34 11. Variation diagrams for igneous rocks of the Ute Mountains.___________-________-_-_-_---------_-_------- 37 12. Oxide weight percentages of rocks from the Ute Mountains plotted against the sum of normative quartz, albite, and orthoclase (the differentiation index)_____________--________-_______----__---_--__---_----------- 39 13. Frequency distribution histograms of semiquantitative spectrographic analyses of minor elements common to the igneous rocks of the Ute Mountains.__________-_______-_____________-_-__----__------_---------- 41 14. Diagram showing variation of five trace elements with respect to increasing silica and total pyrible content- _ _ 46 15. Graphical solution of Harker diagram to determine possible materials added or subtracted to produce quartz monzonite from microgabbro________-_________________________-__________________-----__----------- 47 16. Approximate limits of composition of amphibole derived from various rocks showing plot of four samples of hornblende from the Ute Mountains.__ _____________________-__________----_-_-_-_----------------- 48 17. Sketch showing inferred structural relations near the contact of the Sentinel Peak intrusive with a structural dome thought to be the result of igneous intrusion at depth_____________________-___------__----------- 55 18. Sketch showing inferred stratigraphic and structural relations of laccoliths in the Sundance cluster and mechanism of "trapdoor" structure______-___________-_____-_-__________________-__-______-_-----_----------- 57 19. Two sills in Mancos Shale along Pine Creek north of Black Mountain.-____________________-__------------ 60
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