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The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content. -
The Emoji Factor: Humanizing the Emerging Law of Digital Speech
The Emoji Factor: Humanizing the Emerging Law of Digital Speech 1 Elizabeth A. Kirley and Marilyn M. McMahon Emoji are widely perceived as a whimsical, humorous or affectionate adjunct to online communications. We are discovering, however, that they are much more: they hold a complex socio-cultural history and perform a role in social media analogous to non-verbal behaviour in offline speech. This paper suggests emoji are the seminal workings of a nuanced, rebus-type language, one serving to inject emotion, creativity, ambiguity – in other words ‘humanity’ - into computer mediated communications. That perspective challenges doctrinal and procedural requirements of our legal systems, particularly as they relate to such requisites for establishing guilt or fault as intent, foreseeability, consensus, and liability when things go awry. This paper asks: are we prepared as a society to expand constitutional protections to the casual, unmediated ‘low value’ speech of emoji? It identifies four interpretative challenges posed by emoji for the judiciary or other conflict resolution specialists, characterizing them as technical, contextual, graphic, and personal. Through a qualitative review of a sampling of cases from American and European jurisdictions, we examine emoji in criminal, tort and contract law contexts and find they are progressively recognized, not as joke or ornament, but as the first step in non-verbal digital literacy with potential evidentiary legitimacy to humanize and give contour to interpersonal communications. The paper proposes a separate space in which to shape law reform using low speech theory to identify how we envision their legal status and constitutional protection. 1 Dr. Kirley is Barrister & Solicitor in Canada and Seniour Lecturer and Chair of Technology Law at Deakin University, MelBourne Australia; Dr. -
Super Duper Semaphore Or, As We Like to Call It
Super Duper Semaphore Or, as we like to call it ... Flag Texting! Hello Lieutenants ... You can have a whole lot of fun with just a couple of hand flags. Even if you don’t have actual flags, you can make your own using items found around your home, like tea towels, or even two smelly old socks tied to some sticks! As long as you’re having fun ... be inventive. What’s it all about? Well, believe it or not, a great way for ships near (in range of) each other or ships wanting to communicate to the land is to use ‘Flag Semaphore’. It’s a bit like sending a text message ... but with your arms. It has been used for hundreds of years on both land and sea (from the sea, red and yellow flags are used). The word semaphore is Greek for ‘Sign-bearer’ Here’s how it works… Each letter of the alphabet has its own arm position (plus a few extras that we will cover in later ranks). Once you can remember these, you can send loads of hidden messages to your friends and family. Check these out ... ABCDEFG HIJKLM NOPQR STUVWX YZ How cool is that? To send a message the ‘sender’ gets the attention of the ‘receiver’ by waving their arms (and flags) by their side in an up and down motion (imagine flapping your arms like a bird). Don’t worry if you make mistakes or the receiver translates your signals into silly words - we’ve had lots of fun practicing this, and it will take time to become a Super Signaller! Are you ready to send your message? One letter at a time? Remember to pause between each letter and a bit longer between words to accurately get your message through. -
Microej Documentation
MicroEJ Documentation MicroEJ Corp. Revision ff3ccfde Nov 27, 2020 Copyright 2008-2020, MicroEJ Corp. Content in this space is free for read and redistribute. Except if otherwise stated, modification is subject to MicroEJ Corp prior approval. MicroEJ is a trademark of MicroEJ Corp. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. CONTENTS 1 MicroEJ Glossary 2 2 Overview 4 2.1 MicroEJ Editions.............................................4 2.1.1 Introduction..........................................4 2.1.2 Determine the MicroEJ Studio/SDK Version..........................5 2.2 Licenses.................................................7 2.2.1 Overview............................................7 2.2.2 License Manager........................................7 2.2.3 Evaluation Licenses......................................7 2.2.4 Production Licenses......................................9 2.3 MicroEJ Runtime............................................. 13 2.3.1 Language............................................ 13 2.3.2 Scheduler............................................ 13 2.3.3 Garbage Collector....................................... 14 2.3.4 Foundation Libraries...................................... 14 2.4 MicroEJ Libraries............................................ 14 2.5 MicroEJ Central Repository....................................... 15 2.6 Embedded Specification Requests................................... 15 2.7 MicroEJ Firmware............................................ 15 2.7.1 Bootable Binary with -
Emoticon Style: Interpreting Differences in Emoticons Across Cultures
Emoticon Style: Interpreting Differences in Emoticons Across Cultures Jaram Park Vladimir Barash Clay Fink Meeyoung Cha Graduate School of Morningside Analytics Johns Hopkins University Graduate School of Culture Technology, KAIST [email protected] Applied Physics Laboratory Culture Technology, KAIST [email protected] clayton.fi[email protected] [email protected] Abstract emotion not captured by language elements alone (Lo 2008; Gajadhar and Green 2005). With the advent of mobile com- Emoticons are a key aspect of text-based communi- cation, and are the equivalent of nonverbal cues to munications, the use of emoticons has become an everyday the medium of online chat, forums, and social media practice for people throughout the world. Interestingly, the like Twitter. As emoticons become more widespread emoticons used by people vary by geography and culture. in computer mediated communication, a vocabulary Easterners, for example employ a vertical style like ^_^, of different symbols with subtle emotional distinctions while westerners employ a horizontal style like :-). This dif- emerges especially across different cultures. In this pa- ference may be due to cultural reasons since easterners are per, we investigate the semantic, cultural, and social as- known to interpret facial expressions from the eyes, while pects of emoticon usage on Twitter and show that emoti- westerners favor the mouth (Yuki, Maddux, and Masuda cons are not limited to conveying a specific emotion 2007; Mai et al. 2011; Jack et al. 2012). or used as jokes, but rather are socio-cultural norms, In this paper, we study emoticon usage on Twitter based whose meaning can vary depending on the identity of the speaker. -
Researchers Take a Closer Look at the Meaning of Emojis. Like 30
City or Zip Marlynn Wei M.D., J.D. Home Find a Therapist Topics Get Help Magazine Tests Experts Urban Survival Researchers take a closer look at the meaning of emojis. Like 30 Posted Oct 26, 2017 SHARE TWEET EMAIL MORE TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY TUPAC POINTU A picture shows emoji characters also known a… AFP | MIGUEL MEDINA A new database introduced in a recent research paper (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28736776)connects online dictionaries of emojis with a semantic network to create the first machine-readable emoji inventory EmojiNet (http://emojinet.knoesis.org). (http://emojinet.knoesis.org) In April 2015, Instagram reported that 40 percent of all messages contained an emoji. New emojis are constantly being added. With the rapid expansion and surge of emoji use, how do we know what emojis mean when we send them? And how do we ensure that the person at the other end knows what we mean? It turns out that the meaning of emojis varies a whole lot based on context. Emojis, derived from Japanese “e” for picture and “moji” for character, were first introduced in the late 1990s but did not become Unicode standard until 2009. Emojis are pictures depicting faces, food, sports (https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/sport-and- competition), animals, and more, such as unicorns, sunrises, or pizza. Apple introduced an emoji keyboard to iOS in 2011 and Android put them on mobile platforms in 2013. Emojis are different from emoticons, which can be constructed from your basic keyboard, like (-:. The digital use of emoticons has been traced back to as early as 1982, though there are earlier reported cases in Morse code telegraphs. -
A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Emoticon Usage in Japanese Blogs: Variation by Age, Gender, and Topic1
Selected Papers of Internet Research 16: The 16th Annual Meeting of the Association of Internet Researchers Phoenix, AZ, USA / 21-24 October 2015 A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF EMOTICON USAGE IN JAPANESE BLOGS: VARIATION BY AGE, GENDER, AND TOPIC1 Yukiko Nishimura Toyo Gakuen University, Japan Introduction This study explores how older men and women express themselves through blogging (Curtain 2004) in Japan, where the elderly population (aged 65 years and up) will comprise an estimated 40 percent of the country’s total population by 2050 (Statistics Bureau 2014), the greatest proportion of any nation in the world. Figure 1: Proportion of elderly by country (aged 65 and above) Source: Statistics Bureau, MIC; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; United Nations. Internet usage among seniors in Japan has also been increasing in recent years, particularly since 2009 (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication 2014). One survey on PC penetration rate among elderly household reports that 78% of people surveyed (N=800 by random telephone number dialing) in their 60’s, 54.5 % in their 70’s, and 30.5 % in their 80’s possess PCs (GF Senior Marketing 2012). 1 I would like to express my gratitude to Patricia M. Clancy for her suggestions on this study. Funding for this research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kakenhi Category (c) 24520479, for the period of 2012 to 2015 is gratefully acknowledged. Suggested Citation (APA): Nishimura, Y. (2015, October 21-24). A Sociolinguistic Analysis Of Emoticon Usage In Japanese Blogs: Variation By Age, Gender, And Topic. Paper presented at Internet Research 16: The 16th Annual Meeting of the Association of Internet Researchers. -
Windows Rootkit Analysis Report
Windows Rootkit Analysis Report HBGary Contract No: NBCHC08004 SBIR Data Rights November 2008 Page 1 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4 Clean Monitoring Tool Logs......................................................................................................... 5 Clean System PSList ................................................................................................................. 5 Clean System Process Explorer ................................................................................................ 6 Vanquish......................................................................................................................................... 7 PSList Vanquish ........................................................................................................................ 7 Vanquish Process Monitor (Process Start – Exit) .................................................................. 8 Process Explorer Thread Stack Vanquish .............................................................................. 8 Process Monitor Events Vanquish ........................................................................................... 9 Vanquish Log File (Created by rootkit, placed in root directory “C:”) ............................. 21 Process Explorer Memory Strings Vanquish ........................................................................ 23 NTIllusion.................................................................................................................................... -
Rubáiyát Layout 1
I II III IV V VI Login! For the Motherboard, who Before the troll of Error restart And, as the Update manager Now the Latest Version reviving Find... indeed is deleted with And User’s directories are fragmented into sending crashed, popped up, those who old Belief-desire-intention all his Pixel, encrypted; but in super-fast For The Translated by The Icons before him from the Methought a Text-to-Speech stood before models, And Time Machine’s Sev’n- Broadband-enabled Code, with Motherboard: Published by Vanessa Hodgkinson Matrix of Shut Down, Reader within the Social Network The Social Network emoticon-ed- The intelligent Supercomputer to column’d Compile where no “Wine Platform! Wine Platform! The Rubáiyát The White Review Drives Shut Down along with them commented, “Open then the Browser! Atomicity retires, one knows; Wine Platform! from the Cloud, and hacks “When all the Hard Disk is U know how little Login Time we Where the White Cursor Of But still a Programming language Red Wine Platform!”-the Twitter of Omar Khayyám 2014 Typeset by The CEO’s Mainframe with a formatted within, have to Run, Prophet CRM on the Network kindles in the World Wide Web, logo cries to the Pixel James Bridle Cache of LCD. Why double-clicks the glitchy And, once logged out, may undo Puts out, and Alan John Miller And many a Forum by the Fluid That sallow fascia of hers t’ User outside?” no more.” from the Desktop reboots. flow uploads, Pantone / PMS 7427. VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII Come, fill the Folder, and in the Whether at Silicon Valley -
Microej Documentation
MicroEJ Documentation MicroEJ Corp. Revision d6b4dfe4 Feb 24, 2021 Copyright 2008-2020, MicroEJ Corp. Content in this space is free for read and redistribute. Except if otherwise stated, modification is subject to MicroEJ Corp prior approval. MicroEJ is a trademark of MicroEJ Corp. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. CONTENTS 1 MicroEJ Glossary 2 2 Overview 4 2.1 MicroEJ Editions.............................................4 2.1.1 Introduction..........................................4 2.1.2 Determine the MicroEJ Studio/SDK Version..........................5 2.2 Licenses.................................................7 2.2.1 License Manager Overview...................................7 2.2.2 Evaluation Licenses......................................7 2.2.3 Production Licenses...................................... 10 2.3 MicroEJ Runtime............................................. 14 2.3.1 Language............................................ 14 2.3.2 Scheduler............................................ 14 2.3.3 Garbage Collector....................................... 14 2.3.4 Foundation Libraries...................................... 14 2.4 MicroEJ Libraries............................................ 15 2.5 MicroEJ Central Repository....................................... 16 2.6 Embedded Specification Requests................................... 16 2.7 MicroEJ Firmware............................................ 16 2.7.1 Bootable Binary with Core Services.............................. 16 2.7.2 -
The Language of a Computer-Mediated Communication in Japan: Mobile-Phone E-Mail
Modern Applied Science; Vol. 12, No. 5; 2018 ISSN 1913-1844 E-ISSN 1913-1852 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Language of a Computer-Mediated Communication in Japan: Mobile-Phone E-Mail Noboru Sakai1 1 The Center for English as a Lingua Franca, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan Correspondence: Noboru Sakai, The Center for English as a Lingua Franca, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan. Tel: 81-90-1436-5797. E-mail: [email protected] Received: Mach 22, 2018 Accepted: April 9, 2018 Online Published: April 25, 2018 doi:10.5539/mas.v12n5p34 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n5p34 Abstract This study analyzes a Japanese mobile phone e-mail data corpus (created by the researcher) of 43,295 Keitai-mail exchanged for the purpose of personal communication by 60 young people aged 18 to 30 who are familiar with Keitai-mail practices. The result shows that the Keitai-mail analyzed consists on average of approximately 40 moji (symbols) including 3 emoticons per message, showing that composition is short but not overly abrupt – generally Keitai-mail does not finish in the middle of a sentence. Non-standard textual elements, language plays (LP) such as emoticons, long vowel symbols, irregular use of small moji, and non-standard use of each type of script (e.g., use of Katakana instead of Kanji) are found to be governed by the conventions of Standard Japanese and are not totally random occurrences. Keywords: Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) E-mail, Japanese, orthography 1. Introduction This study investigates the characteristics of language appeared in Japanese mobile phone e-mail (Keitai-mail), as a CMC widely practiced, in order to deepen our understanding how the media influences languages uses in natural or daily communication. -
Dirty Smileys Dirty Smileys
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