h k - l a w y e r . org 太平洋地區律師公會會長 President of IPBA McNamaraDenis AVIATION LAW CoverStory Face to Face with 從商用角度看無人機法規 Perspective Drone Regulation:ACommercial 航空法 封面專題 專 訪
LITIGATION Recourse againstThirdParties 向第三方作出追索 馬雷瓦強制令 When the 國際律師聯盟主席 President of UIA Almeida PaisPedro de Mareva 訴訟 未能有效執行時 Fails – Fails– － F CRIMINAL LAW ebruary 罪相關法例的再思 不可錯失的良機？不可能同意？—對襲擊 Rethinking theLawRelatedto Assaults Too GoodtoMiss?Impossible Consent? 國際青年律師協會會長 of AIJAPresident de Vries Wiebe
2018 刑事法 HK$308 二零一八年二月
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4247EPIQ-hong_kong_lawyer_arrival_210x280mm_03jc.indd 1 1/10/18 9:04 AM www.hk-lawyer.org Hong Kong Lawyer 香港律師 The official journal of The Law Society of Hong Kong (incorporated with limited liability) 香港律師會 (以有限法律責任形式成立) 會刊 HONG KONG LAWYER www.hk-lawyer.org THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF HONG KONG 香港律師會會刊 Editorial Board 編輯委員會 Chairman 主席 Huen Wong 王桂壎 Jenkin SF Chan 陳少勳 Nick Chan 陳曉峰 Peter CH Chan 陳志軒 Heidi KP Chu 朱潔冰 Elliot Fung 馮以德 Steven Brian Gallagher Warren P Ganesh 莊偉倫 Gu Minkang 顧敏康 Julienne Jen 任文慧 HAPPY YEAR OF THE DOG Dave CK Lau 劉子勁 Byron TW Leung 梁東華 Michelle KM Tsang 曾憲薇 Inside your February issue Adamas KS Wong 黃嘉晟 二月期刊內容 Tony YH Yen 嚴元浩 THE COUNCIL OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF HONG KONG 香港律師會理事會 President 會長 Thomas ST So 蘇紹聰 Vice Presidents 副會長 Melissa K Pang 彭韻僖 Amirali B Nasir 黎雅明 Council Members 理事會成員 Stephen WS Hung 熊運信 Huen Wong 王桂壎 Michael J Lintern-Smith 史密夫 18 COVER STORY Billy WY Ma 馬華潤 Cecilia KW Wong 黃吳潔華 Brian W Gilchrist 喬柏仁 Denis G Brock 白樂德 Nick Chan 陳曉峰 Bonita BY Chan 陳寶儀 Mark Daly 帝理邁 CM Chan 陳澤銘 42 VIATION A LAW Serina KS Chan 陳潔心 Warren P Ganesh 莊偉倫 編者的話 Simon SC Lai 黎壽昌 4 EDITOR’S NOTE Roden ML Tong 湯文龍 6 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會長的話 Robert C Rhoda 羅睿德 Jonathan Ross 羅彰南 8 CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者 Secretary General 秘書長 10 DISCIPLINARY DECISIONS 紀律裁決 Heidi KP Chu 朱潔冰 12 FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理事會議題 Law Society’s Contact: www.hklawsoc.org.hk 與律師會聯繫 Tel: +852 2846 0500 6 1 FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律師會秘書處資訊 Annual Subscription 全年訂閱: HK$3,696 18 COVER STORY 封面專題 Thomson Reuters Hong Kong Limited Face to Face with 專訪 16/F, Cityplaza 3, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong Wiebe de Vries Wiebe de Vries Tel: +852 2847 2088 President of AIJA 國際青年律師協會會長 www.thomsonreuters.com Denis McNamara Denis McNamara ISSN 1025-9554 President of IPBA 太平洋地區律師公會會長 Dr Pedro Pais de Almeida © Copyright is reserved throughout. No part of Pedro Pais de Almeida 博士 President of UIA this publication can be reproduced in whole or 國際律師聯盟主席 part without the express permission of the editor. Contributions are invited, but copies of work should 26 LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞 be kept, as Hong Kong Lawyer can accept no responsibility for loss. 38 RECREATION AND SPORTS 康樂及體育委員會特寫 COMMITTEE FEATURE 42 AVIATION LAW 航空法 Drone Regulation: A Commercial Perspective 從商用角度看無人機法規 February 2018 二零一八年二月 HK$308
Editor 編輯 48 LITIGATION 訴訟 Navin G. Ahuja When the Mareva Fails – Recourse against Third 馬雷瓦強制令未能有效執行時－向第三方作出 [email protected] Parties 追索 Tel: +852 2841 5837 54 CRIMINAL LAW 刑事法 Managing Editor 執行主編 Too Good to Miss? Impossible to Consent? 不可錯失的良機？不可能同意？ Ranajit Dam 鄧文杰 對襲擊罪相關法例的再思 [email protected] Rethinking the Law Related to Assaults Tel: +65 6870 3393 59 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業界透視 Design and Production 設計及制作 69 CASES IN BRIEF 案例撮要 Samson Pang 彭振生 [email protected] 79 PRACTICE SKILLS 實踐技能 Improving Advocacy – Five Points to Think About Translation team 翻譯組 改善訟辯技巧的五個要點 InfoPower 1 8 PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向 Tang Mei Kwan 7 8 LAWYERS AT LEISURE 律師閒情 Special thanks to Hong Kong Law Reports & Tuning into the Choir World Digest and Reuters News 唱出我天地 特別感謝 香港法律彙報與摘錄 及 90 CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞 路透社新聞
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54 CRIMINAL LAW All information and views expressed by contributors and advertisements in Hong Kong Lawyer do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of The Law Society of Hong Kong. Whilst every effort is made to ensure editorial and commercial integrity, no responsibility is accepted by the Publisher or The Law Society of Hong Kong for the accuracy of material appearing in this journal. Members are encouraged to contribute but the Editorial Board of The Law Society of Hong Kong reserves the right to publish only material it deems appropriate. 87 LAWYERS AT LEISURE Overview Confirmed speakers to date* Keynote speakers Asian Legal Business invites you to join us at the • Moray Taylor-Smith, Head of Anti-Bribery Hong Kong Anti-Corruption Forum on 22 March & Corruption, Greater China and North Asia, 2018 to learn about recent regulatory updates on Standard Chartered Bank anti-corruption and anti-bribery and address key • Catherine Kardinal, General Counsel and concerns faced by legal/compliance professionals Regional Compliance Officer, Siemens Limited in safeguarding corporate reputations and • Maaike van Meer, Chief Legal & Compliance businesses. Officer,AXA Insurance Hong Kong • Bibsy Llenos-Flauta, Assistant General Counsel, Join us at this event to get regulatory updates and Citibank explore practical tips to mitigate anti-corruption • Fiona Callanan-Thorsby, Assistant General risks and delve deep into key concerns which legal/ Counsel, Head of Litigation and Regulatory compliance professionals need to address to Enquiries APAC, Bank of America William Tam, SC successfully safeguard corporate reputations and • Sasha Kalb, Vice President Compliance and Risk, Deputy Director of businesses. APAC, American Express Global Business Travel Public Prosecutions, • Vivian Chui, Regional AML and Sanctions Head of the Commercial Agenda at a glance* Advisor, BNP Paribas Hong Kong Crime and Corruption Sub-Division, • Hong Kong Government Keynote Address: The • Robinson Cheng, Chief Compliance Officer, ZTE Prosecutions Division Latest Developments in Hong Kong’s Anti- Corporation Department of Justice Corruption Law and Enforcement Trends • And more to be confirmed! • International Anti-Corruption Enforcement *Not finalized and subject to further revisions Trends and Priorities • Identifying Third Party Risks and Implementing Register Due Diligence Solutions to Mitigate these Risks www.regonline.com/hkanticorruption2018 • Corporate Transparency and Legal Compliance – How can In-House Counsels Work Better by www.legalbusinessonline.com/conferences/ Learning from Best Anti-Corruption Practices hk-anticorruption-2018 • How has U.S. FCPA Act and UK Anti-Bribery Act Influence Asian Businesses? For Speaking Opportunities • Handling Crisis Management and Safeguarding Willy Leonardi Corporate Reputation during Regulatory (65) 6870 3102 / [email protected] Sandra Moser Investigations Acting Chief, • Implementing Effective Risk Assessment For Sponsorship Opportunities Fraud Section Methodology and Monitoring Procedures in High U.S. Department of Amantha Chia Corruption Profile Businesses Justice (65) 6870 3917 / [email protected] • Corruption Pitfalls to Avoid and Useful Compliance Tips to Follow When Negotiating For Event Registration Cross-Border M&A Transactions Taranjit Kaur • Enhancing Cyber Security and Data Privacy (65) 6870 3909 / [email protected] Against Cross-Border Anti-Corruption Risks
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EDITOR’S NOTE 編者的話
I would like to start by wishing you, our readers, a Happy Chinese New 我想首先祝我們的讀者新年快樂！你也可能知道，2018 Year! As you may be aware, 2018 is the Year of the Dog which represents 年是狗年，狗是代表好運的。 luck. 這期月刋包括各種有趣和切合時宜的文章。律師會秘書處 This month’s issue comprises various stimulating and contemporary 討論人工智能對法律服務板塊的影響，並提供有關該等板 articles. From the Secretariat discusses the impact Artificial Intelligence will have on the legal services sector and provides useful statistics on 塊將受到影響的工作的有用統計數字。對於即將進入或剛 the jobs that will be affected within the sector. A question for those 剛進入法律界的人來說，有一個問題：就是機器比人類更 who are about to enter or who have just entered the legal profession: 好？我們可以利用這些科技為我們帶來好處嗎？(第16頁) are machines better than humans and can we use technology to our 繼續重點討論科技問題：考慮到現在有超過5,000架無人 advantage? (p. 16) 機在香港，如果窗外有嗡嗡聲，這可能是一架無人機， Continuing with a focus on technology, if there is a buzzing sound outside 而不是一隻蜜蜂。公共安全和個人私隱可能面臨風險。 your window chances are that it is a drone as opposed to a bee given that there are now more than 5,000 drones in Hong Kong. Public safety 然而，無人機也被用於合法的商業目的。《航空法》的特 and personal privacy might be at risk. However, drones are also used for 寫指出，現時的無人機擁有者是受《1995年飛航(香港) legitimate commercial purposes. The Aviation Law feature which points 令》(第448C章)管轄，並檢視現行法例，以及檢視從商 out that the current drone owners are governed by the Air Navigation 業角度出發、於二零一七年十二月推出的建議。(第45頁) (Hong Kong) Order 1995 (Cap. 488C), examines the existing laws as well as proposals introduced in December 2017 from a commercial 當法院批出也被稱為凍結令的「馬雷瓦」強制令時，可以 perspective. (p. 42) 假設任何第三方被送達這一強制令的，都是要向「馬雷 When a Mareva Injunction which is also known as a freezing order is 瓦」強制令的持有者承擔責任。然而，根據一個2017年 granted by the court, one would assume that any third party who is 11月在香港的判決，情況並非如此。《訴訟》專欄詳細 served with such an order owes a duty to the holder of the Mareva 審視了「馬雷瓦」的概念，以及最近的案例，該案例認為 injunction. However, that is not the case according to a judgment in Hong 第三方銀行不應該對持有人負責，並提述「馬雷瓦」在跨 Kong in November 2017. The Litigation feature examines the concept of 境糾紛中的作用。(第51頁) a Mareva in detail as well as the recent case which held that third party banks do now owe a duty to the holder and makes a reference to the 《實踐技能》部分是個人的最愛，因為該欄不僅與大家分 effect of a Marveva in cross-border disputes. (p. 48) 享了在法庭或仲裁程序中，及在其他各種情況下，對律師 The Practice Skills section is a personal favourite as it shares the 而為重要的辯訟技巧。當我過去常常指導和評判模擬法 importance of advocacy skills for lawyers not only in court or arbitral 庭辯論隊伍的時候，我會提醒學生他們的模擬法庭辯論/ proceedings but also in various other circumstances. When I used to 辯訟技能不僅在他們的專業，而且在日常生活中都是有用 coach and judge mooting teams, I would remind the students that their 的。(第80頁) mooting/advocacy skills would be useful not only in their professional but also everyday lives. (p. 79) 最後，對於那些想聽歌手唱歌的人來說，《律師閒情》一 Finally, for those who wish to open up their singer’s ears, the Leisure 欄與大家分享了Elaine Mok的合唱經驗。(第89頁) section features Elaine Mok who shares her experience with choral singing. (p. 87)
Navin G. Ahuja Navin G. Ahuja Editor, Hong Kong Lawyer 《香港律師》編輯 Legal Media Group Thomson Reuters Legal Media Group 湯森路透 [email protected] [email protected]
4 www.hk-lawyer.org
• February 2018 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會長的話
Gearing up for Full Participation in Belt and Road
In December 2017, the Hong Kong SAR Kong-Macao Bay Area and to act as mostly be cross-jurisdictional, the Law Government signed an Arrangement a two-way open platform to facilitate Society will be introducing more training (the ‘Arrangement’) with the National respectively international and Mainland courses on cross-border transactions Development and Reform Commission investors to go in and out of the Bay Area to equip our practitioners with the for Advancing Hong Kong’s Full cities. The Arrangement has affirmed necessary skills. Participation in and Contribution to the Hong Kong’s status as a global hub In addition, the Law Society has been Belt and Road Initiative (the ‘Initiative’). for offshore Renminbi businesses, for leading efforts to strengthen our Hong maritime and aviation services as well as The Arrangement highlights Hong Kong’s Kong brand as a world class legal service for dispute resolution services. unique strengths in specific key areas provider. This encompasses work on and maps out Hong Kong’s role in the The Arrangement sets the direction for various fronts, including maintaining long term development of the Initiative. Hong Kong’s future involvement in this professional standards through relevant Twenty six provisions detailing the visionary Initiative which will impact and effective training for our members support and cooperation opportunities generations in many years to come. and sharing our professional legal to be provided by China’s Central As the development progresses, the training with other jurisdictions. Government to Hong Kong in the areas demand for professional services will The Initiative has brought immense of finance and investment, infrastructure increase. Our profession must be well opportunities for an expansion of the and maritime services, economic and prepared to grasp the opportunities legal services market to various emerging trade, and dispute resolution are set out when they arise. economies. The Law Society has been in the Arrangement. It has however been noted that the coordinating efforts in opening up these Equipped with the necessary talent HKSAR Government’s approach is emerging markets and promoting the and expertise, Hong Kong has secured often narrowly focused on the dispute quality services Hong Kong solicitors an important role in the Initiative. resolution capability of the legal can offer to them. On 12 May 2017, the Hong Kong is to serve as a super profession. Its promotional activities Law Society held our Inaugural Belt platform to facilitate, for instance, are heavily geared towards arbitration and Road Conference (‘the Conference’) cross border regulated investment services. However, in addition to attracting over 650 participants. The activities, the financing of infrastructure arbitration, the services that solicitors Conference created a platform for our projects and the management of their in Hong Kong can provide cover a implementation including consultation, wide range relating to capital markets, project supervision, maintenance, banking and finance, mergers and insurance and environmental protection acquisitions, real estate and construction, aspects. Enterprises in the Mainland insurance, shipping and many others. are encouraged to set up their regional The key measures identified in the headquarters in Hong Kong and to use Arrangement demonstrate that legal Hong Kong as a platform to go global in services support will be in great demand partnership with Hong Kong enterprises. in many of these practice areas. Provisions on the further opening up of Whenever a suitable opportunity arises, the Mainland market to Hong Kong and the Law Society promotes the availability enhancements of CEPA are included. of a full range of legal services in Hong The Arrangement also supports Hong Kong to the international community. Kong to play an active role in driving the Further, taking into account that the development of the Guangdong-Hong projects arising from the Initiative will
6 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會 長 的 話
members to showcase their capabilities and to connect with potential business 為充分參與「一帶一路」作好準備 partners from overseas jurisdictions. During the Conference, 39 law 2017年12月，香港特區政府和國家發展 每當有合適機會，律師會均向國際社會推廣 associations from 24 jurisdictions 和改革委員會簽署了《國家發展和改革 香港提供的全面法律服務。此外，考慮到 signed a “Hong Kong Manifesto” 委員會與香港特別行政區政府關於支持 「一帶一路」相關項目大部分屬跨司法管轄 uniting efforts to advance the legal profession’s interests and to capitalize 香港全面參與和助力一帶一路建設的安 區，律師會將推出更多跨境交易培訓課程， on the business opportunities arising 排》(《安排》)。 讓我們的從業人員具備必要的技能。 from the Initiative. 《安排》突顯了香港在特定重要領域的 此外，律師會一直致力加強香港作為世界級 This year, the Law Society will organise 獨特優勢，勾勒了香港在「一帶一路」 法律服務提供者的品牌形象。這涵蓋各方面 its second Belt and Road Conference on 長遠發展中的角色。《安排》中的26項 的工作，包括通過對會員進行相關有效培 28 September. The theme will be on “A, 條款，詳列了中央政府在金融投資、基 訓，以保持專業水平，及與其他司法管轄區 B, C” - Artificial intelligence, Blockchain and Cloud. The wave of technology has 礎設施和海事服務、經貿和爭議解決方 分享我們的專業法律培訓。 overwhelmed the world to an extent 面向香港提供的支持和合作機遇。 「一帶一路」為各新興經濟體的法律服務市 that the legal and ethical requirements 香港擁有所需人才和專業知識，因而在 場帶來了巨大機遇。律師會一直致力開拓這 are at the risk of being neglected to give way to technological innovations. 「一帶一路」中擔當重要角色。香港將 些新興市場，向它們推廣香港律師提供的優 Our 2018 Conference will focus on the 作為超級平台，協助跨境限制投資活 質服務。2017年5月12日，律師協會召開 legal and ethical challenges in building 動、基礎建設項目融資及實施管理(包 了首屆「一帶一路」論壇，吸引了650多人 a smart Belt and Road. As in last year’s 括諮詢、項目監督、維護、保險、環保) 參加。論壇為會員創造平台，向海外司法管 Conference, the Law Society will extend 等。《安排》鼓勵內地企業在香港設立 轄區的潛在商業夥伴展示他們的能力和建立 invitations to our overseas counterparts along the Belt and Road to join the 地區總部，與香港企業合作，以香港 聯繫。在會議期間，來自24個司法管轄區的 2018 Conference. It will be an excellent 作為邁向國際的平台。《安排》亦包括 39個律師協會共同簽署了《香港宣言》，承 opportunity for members to reach out, 進一步向香港開放內地市場和加強《內 諾致力推動法律界的利益，充分利用「一帶 build their connections and exchange 地與香港關於建立更緊密經貿關係的安 一路」帶來的商機。 professionally with a broader network. 排》(CEPA)的條款，並支持香港積極推 More details about the 2018 Conference 今年，律師會將於9月28日舉辦第二屆「 動粵港澳大灣區發展，作為雙向開放平 will be announced in due course, but 一帶一路」論壇，主題為「人工智能、區 台，便利國際及內地投資者進出大灣區 for those interested, please mark your 塊鍊和雲端」。科技浪潮已席捲全球，以 diary first. 城市。《安排》確認了香港作為全球離 至法律和道德要求可能因科技創新而被忽 岸人民幣業務、海運和航空服務以及爭 略。2018年論壇將重點關注建設智慧型 議解決服務中心的地位。 「一帶一路」的法律和道德挑戰。一如去 《安排》亦為香港未來參與「一帶一 年，2018年論壇亦將邀請「一帶一路」沿 Thomas So, President 路」設定了方向，將影響未來數個世 線的海外同業參加，讓會員擴闊網絡，與海 代。隨著發展的推進，對專業服務的需 外同業建立聯繫和進行專業交流。2018年 求將會增加。法律界必須作好準備，適 論壇的詳情將適時公佈，有興趣參加者，請 時把握機遇。 記下這個日子。
然而，有指香港特區政府往往只著重法 律專業的爭議解決能力，其宣傳偏重仲 裁服務，但除了仲裁外，香港律師提 供的服務涵蓋資本市場、銀行金融、併 購、房地產和建築、保險、航運等諸多 蘇紹聰 會長 領域。《安排》的主要措施顯示，在許 多這些領域，法律服務支援將需求殷 切。
www.hk-lawyer.org 7 • February 2018
CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者
Alex Yang 楊一名 Deacons, Senior Associate, 的近律師行 高級律師 Alex is a senior associate in the Commercial/Commercial Practice Alex是商業/商業事務組的高級律師。 Group. 他專攻公司重組，合併與收購，合營企業，業務 He focuses on a variety of corporate and regulatory matters including 出售/資產轉讓，反洗錢合規以及一般商業交易等 corporate restructuring, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, business sales/asset transfers, anti-money laundering compliance, 各種企業和監管事宜。Alex還有為機構和私人客 and general commercial transactions. Alex also has extensive 戶提供諮詢有關香港稅務事宜的豐富經驗。 experience advising on Hong Kong taxation matters for institutional and private clients.
Machiuanna Chu 朱敏慧 Deacons, Partner 的近律師行 合夥人 Machiuanna advises local and multinational companies Machiuanna就各種監管和商業事務向包 in a variety of fields, including banks, insurance, private 括銀行，保險公司，私募股權，其他投 equity, other investment funds, government bodies and 資基金，政府機構和科技創業公司在內 technology start-ups on a wide range of regulatory and 的各個領域的本地和跨國公司提供諮詢 commercial matters. 服務。 She has particular experience in cross-border M&As, private equity and venture capital investments, joint 她在跨境併購，私募股權和風險投資， ventures, investment structure and advisory. 合營企業，投資結構和諮詢方面均擁有 豐富的經驗
Jonathan D. Wong Jonathan D. Wong Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Senior Associate 富而德律師事務所 高級律師 Jonathan has a broad practice, spanning international Jonathan擁有廣泛的執業經驗，涉及國際 regulatory and internal investigations, cross border 監管和內部調查，跨境訴訟及仲裁。他注 litigation and arbitration. His sector focus includes 重的領域包括金融機構，製藥，私募股權 financial institutions, pharmaceuticals, private equity 和消費品，並就這些領域的廣泛問題提供 and consumer products, and he has advised on a wide- 諮詢。 range of issues in these areas.
8 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • CONTRIBUTORS 投 稿 者
Dr. Peter H. Chang Peter H. Chang博士 Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Knowledge Lawyer 富而德律師事務所 知識律師 Peter is a solicitor practicing in general civil litigation. Peter是一位從事一般民事訴訟的律 Peter is a former member of the Hong Kong Bar 師。Peter曾是香港大律師公會的會員， Association and holds his doctorate in Economics from 並持有奧斯汀得克薩斯大學經濟學博士學 the University of Texas at Austin. He is also active in 位。他還積極參與有關庇護和同性戀、雙 Freshfields’ pro bono matters in relation to asylum and 性戀及跨性別人士問題的「富而德」公益 LGBT issues. 事宜。
Foster Yim 嚴康焯 Liberty Chambers, Barrister-at-law Liberty Chambers 大律師 Foster is a criminal barrister with experiences and 嚴先生是一位擁有多方面經驗和資格的 qualifications in multi disciplines. Currently, he is a Court 刑事大律師。目前，他是香港嶺南大學 member of Lingnan University, Hong Kong. 校董會的成員。
Cliff Chow Cliff Chow Allen & Overy, Litigation and Contentious Allen & Overy 訴訟及爭議性規管之顧 Regulatory, Of Counsel 問 Cliff has a wide range of experience in complex, cross- Cliff在復雜的跨境監管和貪污/ 反海外賄賂 border regulatory and corruption / FCPA investigations, 法的調查、金融違規銷售及商業訴訟與仲 financial mis-selling and commercial litigations and 裁以及重大債務追償行動方面擁有廣泛的經 arbitrations, and significant debt recovery actions. His clients include international and regional banks and 驗。他的客戶包括國際和地區銀行與金融機 financial institutions, listed companies and charitable 構、上市公司和慈善信託。 trust.
Elaine Mok Elaine Mok In-house Lawyer 企業律師
www.hk-lawyer.org 9 • February 2018
DISCIPLINARY DECISIONS 紀 律 裁 決
Leung Chi Wa (the ‘Respondent’) 梁志華 (下稱「答辯人」)
• Disgraceful, dishonourable and discreditable conduct •可恥、不名譽及有損信譽的行為操守 • Section 2(2) of the Legal Practitioners Ordinance, Cap. 159 (the ’LPO’) •《法律執業者條例》(第159章)(下稱「《條例》」)第 2(2)條 Hearing dates: 3 August 2016 and 5 October 2016 聆訊日期： 2016年8月3日及2016年10月5日 Findings and Order handed down: 12 December 2017 裁斷裁斷及命令： 2017年12月12日 On 5 October 2016, the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal (the ’Tribunal‘) heard the Complaint of the Law Society (the ‘Applicant’) against the 律師紀律審裁組(下稱「審裁組」)於2016年10月5日聆 Respondent. The Tribunal found the Complaint proved against the 訊律師會(「申請人」)對答辯人作出的申訴。審裁組裁斷 Respondent as follows: 對答辯人作出以下的申訴證明屬實：
The Complaint 申訴 The Respondent, at the material time an employee of a law firm, 答辯人當時是一間律師行的僱員，作出《條例》第2(2) committed disgraceful, dishonourable and discreditable conduct 條所指的可恥、不名譽及有損信譽的行為，事緣答辯人 within the meaning of s. 2(2) of the LPO, in that he was convicted of 被荃灣裁判法院裁定一項盜竊罪罪名成立，違反《盜竊 one count of theft, contrary to s. 9 of the Theft Ordinance(Cap. 210) in Tsuen Wan Magistracy and sentenced to 20 months’ imprisonment. 罪條例》(第210章)第9條，判處監禁20個月。
The Tribunal’s Orders 審裁組作出命令 (a) The Respondent be prohibited from employment by solicitor (a) 答辯人由命令日期起計8年內不得受僱於任何香港律 firms or foreign law firms in Hong Kong for eight years from the 師行或外地律師行；及 date of the Order; and (b) 答辯人承擔申請人的費用及書記的費用，費用按訴 (b) The Respondent to pay the Applicant’s costs and the Clerk’s 訟各方對評基準評定，分別評定為港幣58,000元 costs on the party-and-party basis, summarily assessed at the (代墊付費用已計算在內)及港幣42,838.60元(代墊 respective sums of HK$58,000 (inclusive of disbursements) and HK$42,838.60 (inclusive of disbursements). 付費用已計算在內)。
Mr. Paulus Lau, In-House Prosecutor of the Applicant, The Law Society 香港律師會註會檢控員劉超傑先生代表申請人 of Hong Kong. 答辯人缺席 The Respondent was absent. 審裁組書記姚定國先生 Mr. Iu Ting Kwok, Clerk to the Tribunal. 審裁組成員： Tribunal Members: Andrew Nicholas Hart先生(主席) Mr. Andrew Nicholas Hart (Chairman) 張洪秀美太平紳士 Mrs. Cheung-Ang Siew Mei, JP 李偉生先生 Mr. William W. S. Lee
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FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理事會議題
Consultation on Changes to Documentary 有關建議修訂上市發行人提交文件的規 Requirements Relating to Listed Issuers 定的諮詢文件 In November 2017, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (‘SEHK’) 香港聯合交易所有限公司(「聯交所」)於2017年11 issued a consultation paper on “Proposed Changes to Documentary 月發表了有關《建議修訂上市發行人提交文件的規 Requirements Relating to Listed Issuers and Other Minor Rule 定及《上市規則》其他非主要修訂》的諮詢文件。 Amendments”. 建議的主要修訂包括廢除現時要求上市發行人的每 The major amendments proposed include the removal of the use of 名新任董事(及中國發行人的監事)需提交一份聲明 declaration and undertaking with regard to directors and supervisors (‘DU form’) , which is currently required to be filled in by every new director (and 及承諾書(「聲明及承諾表格」)的規定。並且，根 supervisor in the case of a PRC issuer) of a listed issuer. Also, under the 據建議的修訂，上市發行人再無須提交律師證明及 proposed amendments, listed issuers will no longer be required to submit 保薦人證明(現載於董事聲明及承諾表格第三部分) solicitors’ certification and sponsors’ certification as stated in Part 3 of 。新任董事及監事只須向聯交所提交個人資料表 the DU form. Instead, new directors and supervisors of a listed issuer will 格。此外，聯交所亦建議廢除上市發行人每次發行 only need to submit their personal information to SEHK by using a new personal details form. SEHK further proposes that listed issuers will not 新證券都要向聯交所提交聲明及董事會決議案經簽 be required to submit (i) a declaration (Form F in Appendix 5 to the Listing 署核證副本的規定，改為要求發行人須在相關的翌 Rules); and (ii) a certified copy of its board resolutions to SEHK each time 日披露報表及／或月報表確認該證券發行經董事會 the listed issuer issues new securities. Instead, the issuer would need to 授權批准，並已達成所有有關證券發行的先決條件 include, in the relevant next day disclosure return and/or monthly return, 及規定。 a confirmation that the issue of securities has been duly authorised by the board of directors of the issuer and all pre-conditions for the issue of new 聯交所亦建議，將上市發行人須公布某等事宜(而非 securities have been fulfilled. 只是通知聯交所)的做法編納成規，該事宜包括與委 Other amendments proposed by SEHK include a suggestion to codify the 任清盤人或提出清盤呈請有關的資料、公眾持股量 practices that listed issuers should announce (instead of only informing 不足又或證券在其他證券交易所上市等。 SEHK) certain matters, which include information relating to appointment of a liquidator, presentation of a winding-up petition, insufficient public 以上建議的修訂旨在簡化行政程序，以減輕上市發 floating, or listing of securities on any other stock exchanges. 行人的合規成本及便利他們適時向聯交所資料。 The above proposed amendments aim to simplify the administrative 理事會在律師會公司法委員會的協助下審視了諮詢文 procedures, reduce listed issuers’ compliance burden and facilitate timely 件。律師會認為，減少須提交的文件可簡化程序， submission of information to the SEHK. 同時有關建議亦為投資者提供有價值的資訊。律師 The consultation was considered by Council with the assistance of the 會支持對《上市規則》的建議修訂。律師會意見書的 Company Law Committee of the Law Society. The Law Society considers 全文可瀏覽：http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/ that the proposed reduction of documentation can streamline the process news/submissions/20171206a.pdf and, at the same time, valuable information will be provided for investors under the relevant proposals. The proposed amendments to the Listing Rules are supported. A copy of the submissions can be found on the Law Society’s website: http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20171206a.pdf
12 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理 事 會 議 題
Consultation on Corporate Governance Code 有關檢討《企業管治守則》的諮詢文件 The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (‘SEHK’) issued another 香港聯合交易所有限公司(「聯交所」)於2017年 consultation paper on “Review of the Corporate Governance Code and 11月亦發表了有關《檢討《企業管治守則》及相關 Related Listing Rules” in November 2017. 《上市規則》條文》的諮詢文件。 SEHK’s current corporate governance framework consists of (i) the Rules 聯交所現時的企業管治框架包括(i)強制遵守的《上 Governing the Listing of Securities (the ‘Rules’), which are mandatory 市規則》條文、(ii)「不遵守就解釋」的守則條文及 rules; (ii) the Code Provisions (‘CPs’) that are subject to “comply or explain”, and (iii) Recommended Best Practices, that are voluntary. (iii)可自願遵守的建議最佳常規。 To raise the overall standards of corporate governance amongst issuers 為提高發行人和董事的整體企業管治水平，聯交所 and directors, SEHK proposed changes to the CPs as well as related 建議修訂《企業管治守則》及相關《上市規則》條 amendments to the Rules. 文。
One key amendment is to address the “overboarding” issue of some 其中一項主要修訂是處理獨立非執行董事同時擔任 independent non-executive directors (‘INED’), who hold multiple 過多公司董事職務的問題。聯交所建議，如果一名 directorships concurrently. SEHK proposes that if an INED will be holding his or her seventh (or more) listed company directorship, the issuer’s 獨立非執行董事將擔任第七家(或以上)的上市公司 circular to the shareholders should give reasons for determining that the 董事職務，致股東通函中應額外提供董事會認為該 proposed INED would be able to devote sufficient time to the board. 候任獨立非執行董事人選可投入足夠時間的原因。
Another proposed amendment is to extend the “cooling off” period 另一項修訂建議為，如候任獨立非執行董事為向發 for a proposed INED from one year to three years if the INED has been 行人提供服務的專業顧問的董事、合夥人、主事人 a director, partner, principal or an employee of a professional adviser 或僱員，或發行人核數公司的前任合夥人，其「禁 providing services to the listed issuer or if the INED is the former partner 止期」由現行的一年延長至三年。此舉旨在為提高 of the issuer’s audit firm. The proposed amendment aims to strengthen the criteria in assessing the independence of an INED. In addition to 評估潛在獨立非執行董事的獨立性準則。此外，聯 the above, SEHK further proposes that an INED’s immediate family 交所建議在評估獨立非執行董事的獨立性時，涵蓋 members, such as spouse, child or step-child, natural or adopted, under 其直系家屬，直系家屬包括其配偶及未滿18歲的(親 the age of 18 years, will be considered in the assessment of the director’s 生或領養)子女或繼子女。因此，倘董事的直系親屬 independence. Under such circumstances, if a director’s immediate 接受上市發行人的饋贈或財務資助，則其獨立性將 family member has received a gift or financial assistance from the listed 受到質疑。 issuer, his or her independence will be called into question. There are other amendments which include: 其他修訂包括： • mandatory disclosure of nomination policy and dividend policy in a • 強制在上市發行人年報內披露提名政策及股息政 listed issuer’s annual report 策 • requirement for INEDs to meet at least annually with the chairman of • 獨立非執行董事應至少每年與上市發行人主席舉 a listed issuer without the presence of the executive directors 行一次沒有執行董事出席的會議
• introduction of an implied consent regime for electronic dissemination • 透過電子方式收取公司通訊時採用默示同意機制 of corporate communication 律師會大致認同諮詢文件的建議。然而，聯交所建 The Law Society is generally in favour of the proposals in the consultation paper. However, concerns were raised on SEHK’s proposed extension of 議延長專業顧問的「禁止期」，以及在評估獨立非 the “cooling-off” period for professional advisers and the extension to 執行董事的獨立性時，涵蓋其直系家屬，律師會認 INED’s immediate family members in the assessment of the director’s 為儘管此舉可加強企業管治，但亦可能令上市發行 independence, which although can strengthen corporate governance, 人難以尋找適合其行業的人選。律師會意見書的全 may result in listed issuers having difficulty in sourcing right candidate(s) 文可瀏覽律師會網站： suitable for their industry. A copy of the submissions can be found on the http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ Law Society’s website: submissions/20171206.pdf http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20171206.pdf
www.hk-lawyer.org 13 • February 2018
Gender Recognition 性別承認 Consultation Paper: Part 1 諮詢文件：第1部分 In June 2017, the Inter-departmental Working Group on Gender 性別承認跨部門工作小組於2017年6月發表了關於性 Recognition released a consultation paper (the ‘Consultation Paper’) on 別承認的諮詢文件，徵詢社會各界對法律上性別承認 gender recognition and invited views on a number of issues concerning 等多個議題的意見，包括應否在香港設立性別承認制 legal gender recognition, including whether a gender recognition scheme should be established in Hong Kong and, if so, the contents of 度，以及若設立的話，該制度應包括甚麼內容。 the scheme. 諮詢文件提出了一系列問題，包括有關性別承認方面 The Consultation Paper posed a number of consultation questions, 採用的處理方式： including questions on the different approaches towards gender a) 自我聲明模式，准許申請人藉提交特定的聲明(聲 recognition: 明自己屬某一性別)便可更改其性別身分，而不設 a) a self-declaration model, which allows change of gender identity 任何醫療干預或個人身分的限制，也不涉任何複 by means of the applicant submitting a specific declaration self- identifying in a particular gender without any medical intervention 雜的程序； requirements, personal status restrictions or any procedural b) 無須接受手術但需較多醫學證據的模式：例如規 complexity; 定申請人須提供醫學證據，例如性別不安或易性 b) a surgery-free but otherwise detailed model requiring medical 症的診斷證明、「實際生活體驗」的證明等； evidence, such as proof of diagnosis of gender dysphoria or c) 規定須接受手術的模式，但較少其他醫學證據方 transsexualism and proof of real life test; 面的規定，但仍有若干其他限制，例如排除已婚 c) a surgery-requiring model, but with fewer other medical evidence 人士申請；及 requirements, though including certain other restrictions, such as marital status exclusion; and d) 含有較多限制的模式，例如要求申請人已進行性 d) a model which includes a wide range of requirements like Sex 別重置手術、提交性別不安的醫學診斷證明、排 Reassignment Surgery (SRS), medical diagnosis of gender dysphoria, 除已婚人士的申請等。 marital status exclusion, etc. 理事會在家事法委員會和憲制及人權事務委員會的協 The Council has reviewed the consultation paper with the assistance of 助下審視了該諮詢文件。律師會認為應在香港設立性 the Family Law Committee and the Constitutional Affairs and Human Rights Committee. The Law Society is of the view that Hong Kong should 別承認制度，任何強制治療(如性別重置手術)的計劃 have a gender-recognition scheme, and that any model for the scheme 模式都應予拒絕。 that mandates medical treatment such as SRS should be rejected. 律師會的詳細意見可瀏覽： The Law Society’s detailed comments are available at: http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20171229.pdf submissions/20171229.pdf
Consultation on Review of Electoral 有關選舉安排檢討的諮詢 Arrangements 政府於2017年11月發表了有關選舉安排檢討的諮詢 The Government in November 2017 issued a consultation paper on 文件。是次諮詢主要就三個與選舉安排相關的議題， review of electoral arrangements. It sought public views on three issues, 蒐集公眾的意見。即是在互聯網(包括社交媒體)發佈 viz. the regulation of election advertisements published through the 選舉廣告的規管、選舉調查的規管以及投票時間。政 Internet (including social media), the regulation of election surveys, and 府聲稱上述的選舉安排，是因應選舉管理委員會報告 the polling hours. These matters were said to have been raised after the Government considered the report made by the Electoral Affairs 書內提出的建議，以及立法會政制事務委員會和社會 Commission, and the views provided by the Legislative Council Panel on 上的意見而進行的。 Constitutional Affairs and the community. 在憲制及人權事務委員會的協助下，理事會審視了該 With the assistance of the Constitutional Affairs and Human Rights 諮詢文件，並就上述事宜提交了意見書。理事會認 Committee, the Council has reviewed the Consultation Paper and 為，若候選人或其政黨使用網站，包括YouTube、 produced a submission on the above issues. Among other things, the Council considers that if a website, including YouTube, Facebook, Facebook、Instagram、Twitter、微博或任何其 Instagram, Twitter, Weibo or any other social media, is used by a 他社交媒體進行競選活動，表達政見應如一般競
14 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理 事 會 議 題
candidate in an election or his or her political party for election 選活動般處理，其選舉開支亦應受到規管。在 campaign, such expression for political views should be treated as usual Facebook、Twitter或其他社交媒體網站上張貼的選 campaign activities and should fall under, inter alia, the regulation 舉廣告，若被他人「讚」、「分享」、「轉推」或 on election expenses. Where an election advertisement posted on 「轉貼」而在網上其他地方出現，其內容則不會受到 Facebook, Twitter, or other social media site is ‘liked’, ‘shared’, ‘retweeted’ 監管，除非發表意見的個人已就發佈該等意見支付或 or ‘reposted’ by another person, the individual content appearing elsewhere online will not come under regulation, unless the individual 接收款項。 who has expressed the views has made or received payment in respect of 除了社交媒體平台，理事會亦建議政府檢視利用即時 the publication of those views. 通訊應用程式，如Whatsapp和微信等發佈選舉廣告。 Apart from the use of social media platform, the Council has also 意見書全文可瀏覽： asked the Government to examine the use of instant messaging http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ applications, such as Whatsapp and WeChat for the purpose of election submissions/20180105.pdf advertisements. The submission of the Law Society on this matter is available at http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20180105.pdf
Further Consultation on Disclosure Requirements 就適用於委託帳戶的披露規定展開進一 Applicable to Discretionary Accounts 步諮詢 The Securities and Futures Commission (‘SFC’) in late November 證券及期貨事務監察委員會(證監會)於2016年11月 2016 carried out a consultation on its proposals to enhance asset 發表了《有關建議加強資產管理業規管及銷售時的透 management regulation and point-of-sale transparency. In November 明度的諮詢文件》。2017年11月，證監會發表了上 2017, SFC issued a consultation conclusion on the above. It also took 述諮詢文件的總結，並就適用於委託帳戶的披露規定 the opportunity to further consult the public on the proposed disclosure 展開進一步諮詢。 requirements applicable to discretionary accounts. In this further consultation, SFC suggests that if an intermediary is to 證監會在進一步諮詢中建議，中介人在委託投資組合 receive and retain benefits for products purchased for their clients under 下為客戶購買產品時，如事先把其將會取得及保留有 discretionary portfolios prior to each transaction, it would be helpful 關收益一事告知客戶，將有助客戶選擇委託帳戶經 for their clients to be made aware of it in advance in order to facilitate 理。因此，證監會建議兩個適用於委託帳戶的披露方 their choice of discretionary account manager. SFC therefore proposes 案。兩個方案中介人的披露責任不同。證監會表示， two disclosure options for discretionary accounts. Under these options, 不論採取哪一個方案，所有建議披露的資料將須在開 intermediaries have different disclosure obligations. The SFC states 戶階段，或在訂立委託帳戶的客戶協議書前，提供予 that irrespective of which option is to be taken, the disclosures are to be made to investors at the account opening stage or prior to entering into 投資者。 a discretionary client agreement. 理事會在律師會投資產品和金融服務委員會協助下審 The further consultation and proposals were considered by Council 視了該進一步諮詢文件和建議。理事會已審視及支持 with the assistance of the Investment Products and Financial Services 此進一步諮詢文件內的建議。 Committee of the Law Society. The Council reviewed and supported those proposals made in this further consultation. 律師會就進一步諮詢文件提交的意見書全文可瀏覽： http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ A copy of the submission in response to the further consultation is at submissions/20180102.pdf http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20180102.pdf
www.hk-lawyer.org 15 • February 2018
FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律師會秘書處資訊
Ms. Heidi Chu, Secretary General 準備就緒 共創雙贏 秘書長朱潔冰律師 去年5月，Google Alpha Go擊敗了世界棋王柯潔， 震驚全球，被科技界譽為人工智能戰勝人腦。 Getting Prepared to Ensure a Win-Win 當時那個里程碑似乎對法律界並無任何影響。法 The defeat of Ke Jie, the world’s top Go player, by Google’s Alpha Go in May last 律執業並非圍棋。然而，6個月後的11月，人工智 year rocked the world, and was heralded by the tech community as the triumph of 能在索償結果預測比賽中，擊敗了一眾律師。超過 artificial intelligence (AI) over the human brain. 100名倫敦商業律師參加了比賽，律師和人工智能 At the time however, that milestone would seemingly have no impact on the 均獲得數百宗錯誤銷售還款保障保險案件的基本事 legal industry. Legal practice is not chess. Yet, six months later in November, AI 實，來預測英國金融申訴專員是否會容許案件索 beat lawyers in a fascinating contest on claims outcome prediction. Over 100 償。律師們不受監控地工作了一個星期後，提交他 commercial London lawyers signed up for the competition. Both the lawyers and 們對這些索償結果的預測。這些案件是金融申訴專 the AI were given the basic facts of hundreds of payment protection insurance 員已處理的真實申訴。人工智能程式CaseCruncher mis-selling cases and asked to predict whether the Financial Ombudsman would allow a claim. The lawyers worked on the cases in an unsupervised environment Alpha(由3名劍橋法律學生策劃)大勝而回，準確率 for a week and submitted their predictions of the outcome of those claims. The 86.6％，而律師的準確率僅為62.3％ 。 cases were real complaints that had been decided by the Financial Ombudsman 雖然沒有必要過份閱讀比賽結果，但人工智能程式 Service. The AI programme, CaseCruncher Alpha (masterminded by three 日益精進、複雜和便於使用，勢必對法律服務界帶 Cambridge law students) won by a huge margin, scoring an accuracy of 86.6 來影響。研究人工智能的影響之性質和可能程度， percent compared to the lawyers’ score of 62.3 percent. 提前作好準備和計劃策略，以令它發揮積極作用， While there is no need to read too much into one contest, the increasing 將是未來的出路。 sophistication, complexity and availability of AI programmes are bound to impact the legal services sector. The way forward is to study the nature and likely 2017年10月底，英格蘭和威爾斯律師會法律服務 extent of the impact, be prepared and strategise in advance to make a positive 部門發表了一個預測。據預測，英格蘭和威爾斯 difference. 的職位數量長遠將越來越受法律服務自動化的影 At the end of October 2017, the Law Society of England and Wales published a 響。到了2038年，行業的職位總數可能會比原來 forecast of the legal services sector. The forecast projected that over the longer 少20%。預測是基於有研究顯示，在2016/17年 term, the number of jobs in England and Wales will be increasingly affected by 度，英格蘭和威爾斯的律師行已用自動／資訊科技 the automation of legal services functions. By 2038, total employment in the 系統取代了3%合資格律師、5%法律助理和9%非 sector may be 20 percent less than it otherwise would have been. These forecasts 收費員工。然而，從商業角度來看，預測顯示新科 were based on research showing that in 2016/17, law firms in England and Wales 技的運用將使律師行的生產力增長率增加一倍，從 had already replaced 3 percent of qualified solicitors, 5percent of paralegals and 目前的每年1.2%增至每年2.4%。因此，預計20% 9 percent of non-fee earning staff with automated / IT based systems. From a business perspective however, the forecast predicted that the adoption of new 的職位流失將被對法律服務的需求和行業持續增長 technologies will double the growth of law firms’ productivity from the current 1.2 所抵消。 percent per year to 2.4 percent per year within a decade. Thus, the projected 20 人工智能的發展也促使提供法律服務的模式出現新 percent job loss is expected to be offset by the increase in the demand for legal 形式，導致非常規法律服務提供者數目激增。有些 services and continued growth. 提供者或許試圖透過先進科技來利用監管的灰色地 The development of AI also fuels new ways of legal services delivery, resulting in 帶。在選擇服務提供者前，市民必須確保充分了解 the proliferation of unconventional legal service providers. Some providers may 其提供的服務和保障性質。 try to take advantage of advancing technologies to exploit regulatory grey areas. Before selecting their service providers, the public must ensure that they fully 因此，科技進步帶來的非常規法律服務，促使世 understand the nature of the services and protections that these service providers 界各地的法律專業機構思考如何更好地保障公眾， offer. 特別是政府可以和應該就此發揮甚麼作用。國際 Consequently, the emergence of unconventional legal services delivery enabled 律師協會律師事務委員會轄下的政策委員會計劃於 by technological advancements has prompted legal professional bodies around 2018年5月審議該協會律師行為守則的擬議更新。
16 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律 師 會 秘 書 處 資 訊
the world to reflect on how the public can be better protected, in particular the role 建議除了「原則」及評註外，應加入一套指引，總 that governments can and should play. The Policy Committee of the Bar Issues 結適用於提供法律服務方式的適當標準。草擬的指 Commission of IBA (International Bar Association) is scheduled to consider some 引列出了法律服務應履行的目的，並敦促各國政府 proposed updates to the IBA International Principles on Conduct for the Legal 通過直接管理、消費者保障及／或刑事法律，確保 Profession in May 2018. It is proposed that in addition to the Principles and their 實現這些目的，維護適當的標準。 commentary, a set of guidelines should be included, summarising the appropriate standards that should apply to the delivery of legal services. The draft guidelines 科技有能力塑造法律界的未來。作為持份者，我們 list out the purposes that legal services should fulfil and urge governments to 的責任是積極參與其中，確保我們秉持的專業特性 ensure that these purposes are met and the appropriate standards safeguarded 和價值觀保持不變。為了積極參與這個進程，以合 through direct regulation, consumer protection and/or criminal legislation. 乎道德的方式使用和管理法律相關科技至關重要。 Technology has the power to shape the future of the legal profession. As 在職律師必須進行這方面的訓練，盡早地進行此訓 stakeholders, our responsibility is to actively engage ourselves in the process 練(如在法律學院接受法律教育時)最為有效。除了 and ensure that our professional identity, characterised by the values we uphold, 訓練外，Hackathons等活動亦有助認識科技與專 remains intact. To be able to actively engage in the process, competence in the use 業價值觀之間的聯繫。 and management of law-related technologies in an ethical manner is essential. Training in these areas for working lawyers is necessary, but including this training Hackathon近年在海外地區推出，是頗受歡迎的新 as early as possible (such as during their legal education in law school) would be 舉措。科技專家和法律專業人士組隊進行比賽，建 the most effective. Apart from training, inspirational activities like Hackathons 立對司法制度的轉型意念。最近一次Hackathon是 are helpful in raising the awareness of the connection between technology and 2017年7月在倫敦舉行的Online Courts Hackathon， professional values. 由電腦與法律協會(法律未來學家Richard Susskind Hackathon is a popular new initiative that has been launched in different overseas 教授任主席)、Legal Geek、英格蘭和威爾斯司法 jurisdictions in recent years. It takes the form of a competition among teams of 機構及法院和法庭合辦。Hackathon勝出隊伍的構 tech experts and legal professionals to develop transformational ideas about 想，將由英格蘭和威爾斯司法機構進一步探討。 the justice system. A recent Hackathon is the Online Courts Hackathon held in London in July 2017. It was jointly organised by the Society for Computers and Law 律師會將於今年稍後時間舉辦其首屆Hackathon。 chaired by the legal futurist, Professor Richard Susskind, Legal Geek, the Judiciary 為期兩天的電腦程式比賽旨在加強透過法律途徑尋 of England and Wales and the Courts & Tribunals. The concepts developed by 求公義。我們希望通過Hackathon鼓勵行業積極利 the winning team at the Hackathon will be further explored by the Judiciary of 用科技來推動專業價值。 England and Wales. The Law Society will be organising its first Hackathon later this year. It is a two-day competition on developing computer programmes that aim to enhance access to justice. Through the Hackathon, we hope to encourage the profession’s 戍歲祝福萬事順 active participation in using technology to advance our professional values. 瑞犬迎新報豐年
Monthly Statistics on the Profession 業界每月統計資料 (updated as of 31 December 2017): (截至2017年12月31日)： Members (with or without Practising Certificate) 10,798 會員(持有或不持有執業證書) 10,798 Members with Practising Certificate 9,463 持有執業證書的會員 9,463 (out of whom, 6,951 (73%) are in private practice) (當中有6,951位 (73%) 是私人執業) Trainee Solicitors 1,156 實習律師 1,156 Registered Foreign Lawyers 1,433 (from 34 jurisdictions) 註冊外地律師 1,433 (來自34個司法管轄區) Hong Kong Law Firms 892 (47% are sole proprietorships and 香港律師行 892 (獨資經營佔47%，2至5名合夥人的 42% are firms with 2 to 5 partners, 19 are limited liability 律師行佔42%，19間為按照《法律執業者條例》 partnerships formed pursuant to the Legal Practitioners Ordinance) 組成的有限法律責任合夥律師行) Registered Foreign Law Firms 84 (14 are limited liability partnerships formed 註冊外地律師行 84 (14間為按照《法律執業者條例》 pursuant to the Legal Practitioners Ordinance) 組成的有限法律責任合夥律師行) Civil Celebrants of Marriages 2,118 婚姻監禮人 2,118 Reverse Mortgage Counsellors 445 安老按揭輔導法律顧問 445 Solicitor Advocates 51 訟辯律師 51 (46 in civil proceedings, 5 in criminal proceedings) (民事程序：46位，刑事程序：5位) Student Members 321 學生會員 321 Registered Associations between Hong Kong law firms and 38 香港律師行與外地律師行 38 registered foreign law firms (including Mainland law firms) (包括內地律師行)在香港聯營
www.hk-lawyer.org 17 • February 2018
Face to Face with
Wiebe de Vries President of AIJA
Denis McNamara President of IPBA
Dr Pedro Pais de Almeida President of UIA
By Navin G. Ahuja
18 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題
The 2018 Ceremonial Opening of the Legal Year was held on 8 January 2018 and was attended by many well-known legal professionals from numerous jurisdictions. The Hong Kong Lawyer had the pleasure of interviewing three eminent leaders – Mr. Wiebe de Vries (President of International Association of Young Lawyers (AIJA)), Mr. Denis McNamara (President of the Inter-Pacific Bar Association (IPBA)) and Dr. Pedro Pais de Almeida (President of Union Internationale des Avocats (UIA)) during their stay in Hong Kong.
20-25 events every year all around the of the association and gives the Wiebe de Vries world, and also have cooperation with president some lead time before taking President of AIJA other associations such as IPBA and UIA. over responsibilities during the most Our main focus is to provide high quality important “president” year. The AIJA Wiebe grew up in Haarlem, which is events to our members, to give them the president is mainly responsible for 17 kilometers from Amsterdam in the experience to organise events, to present three things: leading the organisation Netherlands. He studied Dutch Civil Law for an international crowd, and to attend in terms of members’ appointments in Leiden and Tax Law in Amsterdam. panels with a mixed group of members in committees and commissions After he graduated he worked for a Big from all around the world. Due to the age and leading the commissions and Four tax advisory firm and subsequently limit our positions circulate quicker than committees, internal representation at for a top ten Dutch law firm. In April with other international associations so our events, being at the opening and 2014, he launched his own international it is relatively easy to get involved and attending of all our own seminars and tax boutique, BloomTax. be part of the AIJA team. Apart from conferences over the year, and finally Wiebe knew that he wanted to go to this, AIJA is recognised by its welcoming external representation towards other law school. As his studying further attitude to new people, and it’s social organisations: we have various events developed, moving into the legal / tax vibe - I know numerous AIJA friendships, hosted by other organisations where we advisory business was a natural step. He AIJA relations, and AIJA weddings!” are invited to join, such as the Opening of the Legal Year here in Hong Kong, but hadn’t dreamt of becoming a lawyer. It How does one become president of also for example annual conferences of was naturally developed from subjects AIJA? What are the responsibilities of other international legal associations. At he enjoyed studying such as tax law. the president like? “The AIJA presidency these events, mostly the president tries During his civil law study, the curriculum actually comprises three years, in which to represent AIJA if the schedule allows. included an introduction to tax law for one moves from being the incoming Since the presidency comprises three civil lawyers. Although this was seen president (first vice president) to the persons in our structure, in most cases as a challenging course, he enjoyed it. current president and subsequently we are able to have someone from the “That woke my interest for tax law, and to the immediate past president. This presidency to attend one of the many I decided to also enroll in the tax law system allows retaining knowledge curriculum.” Once he started at the law firm in 2005, it became clear that he was on the right path. “This was my best way in terms of people, atmosphere, and involvement with clients.” AIJA Wiebe spoke about AIJA and its role. “AIJA is the only global association of young lawyers, for members up to 45 year of age. Our young membership base, mostly associates, senior associates and young partners, keeps a dynamic and vibrant atmosphere without losing focus on content. We organise some
www.hk-lawyer.org 19 • February 2018
events that take place every year.” 2018 and we will have one of our annual did. Lowndes specialises in commercial Half Year Conferences in May 2019. We corporate work. Denis specialises in Wiebe also described the benefits of really look forward to these events and foreign investment such as hotels, major becoming a member and how AIJA we hope these events will attract a lot commercial property, mergers and provides a platform for members to of new Hong Kong members as well as acquisitions, “and all that sort of good discuss their career paths. “AIJA does new members from the region, to create stuff” into New Zealand. not necessarily focus on individual a lasting AIJA presence in this fascinating countries’ challenges. However, I believe IPBA part of Asia!” that one of the great assets of AIJA is the The IPBA was formed in 1991. Its first occasion it creates for all its members to conference took place in Tokyo. Denis talk freely about their career and future happened to be in the region at the opportunities with other members who time, heard about the meeting, and might be in the same market but are not Denis McNamara President of IPBA decided to attend. He made lots of biased unlike their colleagues or fellow interesting contacts and at the time practitioners in the same country. The Denis was educated in New Zealand IPBA was formed because there was no insights in how you move your career and Australia. His secondary education organisation that was catering for the by someone that has no ties with your was at a boarding school in Wellington, needs of business lawyers in the Asia- market but still works in the same St. Patrick’s. He went to university in pacific region. “Bigger organisations profession can be very eye opening and Auckland where he completed his LLB were concentrating on Europe and East can provide for independent feedback.” (Hons) degree. “In my schooling days I coast America. You had LAWASIA and wasn’t very good at maths or science. What does this mean for members of the organisations like that who did a very But I did enjoy debating and history and Hong Kong legal community? What can good job but they tended to be more law it seemed to be a natural progression to they expect from AIJA and how can they society oriented. The idea of IPBA was go into something with the humanities. I that membership was individual. It’s a be involved? “One of the largest assets didn’t see myself as a school teacher so meeting place for lawyers who are doing for our members, and their clients is the law was the next option.” business or have an interest. It is not a network that you build. I always feel it big organisation. Rather, it is very lean as a luxury to be able to offer my clients He started working for a law firm when and mean - at each annual conference a network around the globe of friends he was 19. “I started practicing before I which varies between eight hundred and that are reachable and respond to me qualified.” The law firm gradually grew a thousand people, probably fifty percent by mail or frequently even by whatsapp to become one of the biggest firms in have been to previous conferences. It within less than some hours, and it New Zealand, now known as Simpson Grierson. In his late 50s, however, he also works very well as a referral network. always surprises my clients. Being part of had a stroke and then left the firm he Over the years that I’ve been a member, such a network works both ways, it can was working at. He was subsequently I’ve certainly had a good share of work be used to serve your Hong Kong clients invited by Mark Lowndes who set up coming up. It moves around year on year with legal matters in other countries Lowndes as a firm to join him, which he better and in the other way around our members’ clients in other countries have better access to the Hong Kong legal community and find their way through Hong Kong better.” There will be events taking place in Asia this year. “We have a strong ambition to underscore the fact that AIJA is a global association. For this reason we have decided to invest in being more present outside of Europe in the recent and upcoming period. We were in Tokyo 2017 with the highlight of our annual calendar, the annual congress. We have planned two events in Hong Kong in the near future: we will have a seminar in April
20 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題
so it is not fixed in terms of where the Kong legal community can expect from law were completed in Portugal. The conferences are.” IPBA: “There have been conferences in international flavor in his career as a Hong Kong and presidents from Hong There are 24 committees in IPBA. They lawyer was offered upon joining UIA in Kong. Huen Wong is the last one who is include cross-border investments, 1995. very well known. It is up to the members. dispute resolution, aviation, international Pedro decided to become a lawyer at a You only get out of anything as much construction, international trade, finance, young age, contrary to his father’s advice. as you put into it. I think probably the etc. “So, it caters for the needs of lawyers “My father, an 80-year-old lawyer still biggest thing that any member has got who are doing international business.” practicing to this day, has always told me out of it is work referrals or in other ways never to become a lawyer. In doing that When Denis was president-elect, has been able to pick up the phone to he inspired in me a drive to challenge he had to organise the conference, someone they’ve met and say, ‘look authority, to work to achieve my goals, the logistics such as the venue and I’ve got this problem can you help me’. persistently, but never to the point of entertainment, and ensure that the Lawyers who sit in their offices and think breaking down and especially to always committees were coming up with they know everything are not doing what they wanted. His responsibilities anyone a favor.” have the courage to fight for what I as president have changed. “My role believed to be right.” “This year’s conference will be in Manila has probably been sort of almost a in March. Last year’s conference was Pedro is a partner in the Lisbon law firm ceremonial one, representing IPBA at Auckland. Next year will be in Singapore Abreu Advogados. The firm promotes various international meetings which and after that we go to Shanghai. But a policy of the 3Qs: Human Quality, seems to becoming more and more in terms of keeping everything if you Technical Quality and Organizational common. I was here in Hong Kong like lean and mean, the individuals who Quality and has an active pro bono policy shortly after I became president for the host the conference are the ones that do and undertakes a great number of 110th anniversary of the Hong Kong Law all the organisation. So, membership is initiatives on social responsibility issues. Society. I’ve also been to the American actually very reasonable.” They have offices in other parts of Bar Association conference in New York. Portugal and are in associated with Our Mid-Year Council meeting which I Portuguese speaking jurisdictions around presided over was in London. So, I’ve got the world. lots of frequent flyer points.” Dr Pedro Pais de IPBA is an international organisation. UIA “The problems that IPBA might deal Almeida “The UIA is the oldest International with are more ones of international Association of Lawyers incorporated significance rather than domestic.” President of UIA back in 1927, with its registered office in Membership is individual. “I don’t have Paris.” The office is located at a former Pedro started his training as a lawyer in the authority to speak on behalf of 17th century mansion house, l’Hôtel de la 1990. He is a practicing lawyer in Lisbon, individual members.” IPBA is not like Porte. “We have two types of members Portugal. Both his law graduation and other organisations that regards itself ie collective (like the Hong Kong Law post graduation in Portuguese tax as the voice of the legal profession. Society) and individual members and Working with businesses and making sure business goes smoothly is the contribution it makes to the general good. “Supporting and encouraging business transactions. For example if you take the tax committee, sharing ideas of taxation at the committee, I know that individual members of that committee are then involved in their own law societies in making submissions to government. It’s a learning curve in using that knowledge base to enhance what individuals might do. The brainstorming is done through the IPBA.” In terms of what members of the Hong
www.hk-lawyer.org 21 • February 2018
all together we represent around two UIA is the voice of our Association and, be exposed by their lawyers, instead million lawyers worldwide. UIA has an of course, this involves full commitment, of trusting their lawyers they will fear observer status at the UN and other dedication and coordination of many them and will not require their advice. International Institutions as an ONG different tasks working together with This is related to access to justice. (non-governmental organization) and our staff based at our registered office Lawyers generally are not trained to develops two main activities. Through in Paris. Among other responsibilities, detect suspicious activities especially the UIA-IROL (UIA - Institute for the Rule the president represents UIA and this the sophisticated kind such as money of Law), we promote the rule of law and is the reason why I have the pleasure of laundering.” the core values of the legal profession receiving this kind invitation from the “UIA welcomes the engagement and around the world. Also, UIA contributes Hong Kong Law Society for attending participation of all Hong Kong legal and promotes to the training of lawyers the Opening of Legal in Hong Kong this community members at the different in a perspective of comparative law, year.” events organised by the UIA. I would like which, I must confess played a very Pedro was asked about the main to invite Hong Kong legal practitioners to important role in my career.” The UIA challenges faced by legal practitioners in attend the next annual Congress of UIA, is committed to defending the cause Portugal which UIA could help overcome in Portugal and become actively involved of lawyers who may be pressured or them. “The new Portuguese law on in our working sessions and in case they threatened anywhere in the world for the combat against money laundering find that this was a positive experience exercising his or her profession. “It is the that transposed the last EU Directive (I’m pretty sure it will be!), then register defence of the defence.” on this matter, imposes additional as members of UIA. Two events that I obligations to lawyers. Now, in the case “In practice, given that UIA has members would like to highlight the Hong Kong of suspicions, lawyers are obliged to and representation all over the world, legal community. A UIA seminar in denounce their clients to the Portuguese it is usually our local representatives or cooperation with the Macao Lawyers Bar Association and after evaluation, sometimes even a relative of the lawyer Association, to be held in April 2018 in should transmit these suspicions to who will contact UIA through their Macao on Management of Law Firms. the Public Prosecutors and/or Criminal head office which provides multilingual Also, I look forward to welcome a strong Investigation Police. I believe that this administrative and logistics support in representation from Hong Kong at the is against the Constitutional Law of all areas of the association’s work.” 2018 UIA Congress in Porto (Portugal), Portugal and that also jeopardises to be held between October 30 and Pedro described his responsibilities as the access from the citizens to the November 3.” n the president of UIA. “The president of legal system. If clients can or should
22 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題
專 訪 Pedro Pais de Wiebe de Vries Denis McNamara Almeida 博士 國際青年律師協會會長 太平洋地區律師公會會長 國際律師聯盟主席
作者 Navin G. Ahuja 2018年法律年度開啟典禮於2018年1月8日舉行，獲多個司法管轄區眾多知名法律專 家出席。適逢三位傑出法律界領袖 — 國際青年律師協會會長(AIJA) Wiebe de Vries 先生、太平洋地區律師公會(IPBA)會長Denis McNamara先生及國際律師聯盟主席 (UIA) Pedro Pais de Almeida博士訪港，本刊特別與他們進行了專訪。
起了我對稅法的興趣，所以決定也報讀 力的氛圍，而不會忽略重點。我們每年 Wiebe de Vries 稅法課程。」他從2005年開始在律師行 在世界各地舉辦20至25個活動，並與 國際青年律師協會會長 工作，決定顯然正確。「無論同事、工 IPBA和UIA等其他協會合作。我們致力 作氣氛和與客戶的互 Wiebe在距離阿姆斯特丹17公里的 動，那也是我最佳的 Haarlem長大。他在Leiden修讀荷蘭民 選擇。」 法，在阿姆斯特修讀稅法。畢業後，他 在四大稅務諮詢公司工作，隨後任職於 AIJA 荷蘭十大律師行。2014年4月，他創立 Wiebe談到AIJA及其 了國際稅務事務所BloomTax。 角色。「AIJA是唯 Wiebe一早已知道想進法律學院。隨著 一的全球性青年律師 學業發展，投身法律/稅務諮詢業務是 協會，會員年齡在 理所當然。當律師並非他的夢想，而是 45歲以下。我們的 因為他喜歡修讀稅法等科目。他修讀的 會員主要是律師、資 民法課程包括民事律師稅法一科。雖然 深律師和和年青合夥 課程甚具挑戰性，但他很享受。「它激 人，這令我們保持活
www.hk-lawyer.org 23 • February 2018
為會員提供高質素的活動，為他們提供 AIJA今年將在亞洲舉行活動。「我們強 在新西蘭的投資項目，如酒店、大型商 籌辦活動、在國際聽眾前演講及與世界 調AIJA是全球性的協會，因此，我們決 業地產、併購等。 各地的會員小組討論的體驗。由於有年 定在近期及不久將來在歐洲以外的地區 IPBA 齡限制，我們的會員流動速度比其他國 投入更多資源。去年8月，我們在東京舉 IPBA成立於1991年，首次會議在東京舉 際協會快，因此加入AIJA相對容易。此 辦了周年大會，並計劃在香港舉辦兩項 行。當時Denis碰巧在區內，聽說有會議 外，AIJA以對新會員態度友善和社交氛 活動：2018年4月我們將舉辦一個研討 舉行便決定出席。會上他進行了很多有 圍濃厚稱著，以我所知，有無數會員在 會，2019年5月又會在香港舉行半年會 趣的交流，當時IPBA成立，是由於亞太 AIJA找到友誼，甚至找到另一半！ 議。我們期待活動能夠吸引香港及鄰近 地區沒有為商務律師服務的組織。「大 地區的新成員加入，讓AIJA在迷人的亞 如何成為AIJA的會長？會長有甚麼責 型組織集中在歐洲和美國東岸。當時有 洲地區進一步擴展！」 任？「AIJA會長任期為三年，由繼任 Law Asia等組織，都做得很好，但它們 會長(首席副會長)升任會長，會長變為 傾向以律師會為基礎。IPBA的理念是會 前任會長。這個制度令協會的知識得 員是獨立的個體，是進行業務或有意開 以承傳，會長在上任前亦有時間接手會 Denis McNamara 展業務的律師的聚會場所。IPBA的構架 務。AIJA會長主要負責：領導協會委 太平洋地區律師公會會長 精簡，每屆周年有八百至一千人出席， 員會成員的任命、領導各委員會、作為 Denis在紐西蘭和澳洲接受教育，中學就 當中大概有一半出席過之前的周年大 活動的內部代表、出席年內所有研討會 讀Wellington St. Patrick’s寄宿學校。他 會。它也很適合作為介紹網絡。我入會 和會議、代表協會參加其他組織的活 在奧克蘭大學完成法學學士(榮譽)學位。 多年來，要做的工作不少，會議的地點 動。我們經常獲其他組織邀請出席各種 「我的數學和科學成績一般，但喜歡辯 次次不同。」 活動，例如香港法律年度開啟典禮，及 論和歷史，修讀人文科目似乎是必然之 IPBA有24個委員會，包括跨國投資、爭 其他國際法律協會的年度會議。若時間 選。我覺得自己不適合當老師，所以法 議解決、航空、國際建設、國際貿易、 允許，多數由會長代表AIJA出席這些活 律是下一個選擇。」 金融等，「迎合從事國際業務的律師的 動。由於會長一職由三人擔任，我們多 需求。」 數可派出一名會長參加每年舉行的眾多 他在19歲時開始在一間律師行工作。 活動。」 「我在取得律師資格前已開始執業。 Denis當候任會長時，必須組織會議，安 」該律師行逐漸成為紐西蘭最大律師行 排場地和娛樂等工作，並確保委員會提 Wiebe還介紹了加入AIJA成為會員的好 之一，現在稱為Simpson Grierson。在 出他們的要求。當上會長後，他的職責 處，以及AIJA如何為會員提供討論事業 50多歲時，他曾中風，離開了該律師 改變。「我的角色幾乎是儀式性的，在 發展的平台。 「AIJA不一定專注於個別 行，後來被Lowndes律師行創辦人Mark 各種國際會議上代表IPBA。我就職後不 國家的挑戰。我相信AIJA的優勢是讓所 Lowndes羅致加入該行。Lowndes專門 久就來港出席香港律師會成立110周年 有會員自由地討論他們的事業和未來， 從事商業企業工作。Denis專門處理外資 活動。我也去過紐約美國律師協會的會 大家可能處身同一市場，但卻不會像 同事或同一國家的同業般存有偏見，就 你的事業提供獨立意見，可讓人眼界大 開。」
這對香港法律界意味著甚麼？他們可期 望從AIJA有何得著？他們可如何加入？ 「我們給會員及其客戶的最大資產， 就是他們建立的網絡。我總覺得能夠 為客戶提供遍佈世界各地的人際網絡， 對方可以在不到幾個小時內以電郵或 whatsapp回覆，這總讓客戶感到驚喜。 作為這個網絡的一員是雙向的，可以利 用它更好地服務香港的客戶，處理其他 國家的法律事務，反過來亦更便利他國 會員的客戶接觸香港法律界。」
24 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • COVER STORY 封 面 專 題
議。我主持的年中理事會會議在倫敦舉 實際上，鑑於UIA在世界各地 行，所以我是飛行常客。」 都有會員和代表，通常我們的 當地代表，有時甚至是律師的 IPBA是一個國際性組織。「IPBA處理的 問題比較國際化，本地的較少。」會員 親友透過總部與UIA聯繫，總 是獨立個體。「我無權代表個別會員發 部在所有領域提供多種語言的 言。」IPBA不像其他組織那樣，自視為 行政和後勤支援工作。 法律界的聲音。IPBA與企業合作，確保 Pedro談及UIA主席的職責。 業務順利進行，為整體利益作出貢獻。 「UIA主席是UIA的代言人，當 「我們支持和鼓勵商業交易。例如在稅 然必需全面承諾、奉獻和與巴 務委員會，委員在會上分享對稅收的看 黎辦事處的工作人員協調。此 法，以我所知，個別成員其後參與本身 外，主席還代表UIA出席各項 所屬的律師會，向政府提交意見書。這 活動邀請，正如今次很高興獲 就是利用知識庫來增強個人能力的學習 香港律師會邀請出席香港法律 曲線，通過IPBA來集思廣益。」 年度開啟典禮。」 香港法律界人士加入IPBA可期待甚麼 被問及葡萄牙的法律從業人 得著？「我們曾在香港舉行會議，亦有 員面臨的主要挑戰，以及UIA 前任會長來自香港，王桂壎律師就是其 可如何幫助他們克服這些挑 一。這取決於個別會員投入多少。我認 戰，Pedro說：「葡萄牙新 為會員從中的最大得著，是工作推薦， 威，堅持不懈地實現目標，有勇氣去爭 實施反洗錢法例，納入歐盟有關反洗錢 或拿起電話致電其他會員朋友說：『我 取我認為是正確的事。」 的最新指令，律師的責任因而大增。現 遇到這個問題，你能幫我嗎？』坐在辦 在，客戶如有可疑，律師有責任向葡萄 公室以為自己甚麼都懂的律師，對任何 Pedro是里斯本律師行Abreu Advogados 牙律師協會通報，經過評估後，應將懷 人都沒有幫助。」 的合夥人。公司推行「人的質素、技 疑個案傳達給檢察官和/或刑事調查警 術質素和組織質素」三大政策，積極推 「今年的會議將於3月在馬尼拉舉行。去 察。我認為這違反葡萄牙憲法，也損害 動公益法律服務，從事大量社會責任 年的會議在奧克蘭舉行，明年將在新加 公民使用法律制度的權利。如果律師應 工作。他們在葡萄牙其他地方設有辦事 坡，之後我們會移師上海。如果你喜歡 揭發其客戶，客戶就不會再信任律師， 處，與世界各地的葡語國家聯營。 架構簡單的組織，主持會議的人負責籌 不會要求律師提供建議。這與司法公正 辦會議，所以入會費非常合理。」 UIA 有關。律師一般沒有受過偵測可疑的活 「UIA成立於1927年，是歷史最悠久 動訓練，尤其是洗錢等複雜的行為。」 的國際律師協會，其註冊辦事處位於巴 「UIA歡迎所有香港法律界人士參與UIA Pedro Pais de 黎。」該辦事處位於一座17世紀的豪宅 的各項活動。我誠邀香港法律工作者參 博士 Hôtel de la Porte。「我們有兩種會員： 加在葡萄牙舉行的下一屆UIA周年大會， Almeida 團體會員(如香港律師會)和個人會員，總 並積極投入我們的工作會議，如果他們 共代表全球約200萬名律師。UIA作為非 國際律師聯盟主席 覺得這是個積極的經驗(我肯定會是！) 政府組織在聯合國和其他國際機構擁有 ，歡迎他們加入UIA成為會員。有兩個活 Pedro於1990年開始接受律師訓練。他 觀察員地位。UIA的主要活動有兩項：通 動我想向香港法律界推介：與澳門律師 是葡萄牙里斯本執業律師，法律學士及 過UIA-IROL(UIA法治研究所)，我們在世 協會合辦的UIA研討會將於4月在澳門舉 稅法研究生學位均在葡萄牙完成。1995 界各地推廣法治和法律界的核心價值； 行，內容涉及律師行的管理；另外，我 年加入UIA，令他的律師事業邁向國際。 此外，UIA對律師比較法培訓作出貢獻和 期待在10月30日至11月3日在葡萄牙波 Pedro年輕時已決定不聽父親的建議， 推動，我必須承認這在我的事業生涯扮 圖召開的2018 UIA高峰會，歡迎香港的 決心成為律師。「我父親是一名80歲的 演重要角色。」UIA致力捍衛世界各地在 代表參加。」 n 律師，至今仍在執業，他一直叫我永遠 從事其專業時可能受壓或威脅的律師。 不要當律師。但這樣反而激勵我挑戰權 「我們守護守護他人者。」
www.hk-lawyer.org 25 • February 2018 LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞
Law Week 2017 – ‘The Rule of Law ~ 110 Years 法律周 2017 – 贏在起跑線、跨越110 since the Starting Point’ 律師會於1991年開始舉辦法律周，旨在向市民推廣法 The first Law Week in 1991 evinced the aspiration of the Law Society 律知識和法律服務。法律周不時加入新元素，務求滿 to provide fuller legal knowledge and promote legal services in the 足社會不同階層的需求。 community. New features were introduced to gauge the needs of different social segments from time to time. 今年，法律周於9月22日及23日在時代廣場舉辦了為 In 2017, a Free Legal Advice Programme was organised on 22 and 23 期兩天的免費法律諮詢活動。近100位律師及見習律 September at the covered piazza of Times Square. Nearly 100 solicitors 師為超過230名市民提供免費法律諮詢。此外，法律 and trainee solicitors joined us to offer free legal advice on over 230 周亦於10月28日及11月11日在香港文化中心舉行了 enquiries from members of the public during the two days. Besides, four 4場法律社區講座，吸引了近250名市民出席。 community legal talks were held at Hong Kong Cultural Centre on 28 October and 11 November, attracting almost 250 attendances. 為了履行推廣法律知識的使命，法律周籌委會利用 To fulfill our mission to bring legal knowledge to the community, the Law Facebook和Youtube等社交媒體向公眾宣揚法律知 Week Organising Committee (‘OC‘) made use of videos and social media 識，並邀請了律師會會長和理事會成員參與製作法律 channels including Facebook and Youtube to promote legal knowledge 知識短片，內容涵蓋《基本法》、家事法、遺囑及遺 to the general public. The President and Council members were invited 產、打擊洗錢、交通事故責任、網絡罪行和人身傷亡 to participate in the production of videos featuring legal topics on “Basic Law”, “Family Law”, “Wills and Probate”, “Anti-Money Laundering”, 等法律專題。 “Traffic Accident Liability”, “Cyber Crime” and “Personal Injury”. 法律周於12月9日及16日舉辦了為兒童而設的活動， A children's programme took place on 9 and 16 December with the 並獲年青律師小組、東華三院及香港青年協會支持。 support of Young Solicitors’ Group, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals and 小學生籍著與律師義工互動交流，擴闊視野。此項活 Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups, aiming to nurture them to be 動有超過25名律師義工參與。 law-abiding citizens and broaden their horizons through interactions with Law Society volunteers. Over 25 volunteers participated in this 法律周暨「青Teen講場」開幕典禮於2017年11月25
Joint opening ceremony with Teen Talk. 法 律 周 暨「青 Teen講 場」開 幕 典 禮。
26 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
Almost 250 people from the public attended the four legal community talks and they actively Nearly 100 solicitors and trainee solicitors joined a two-day programme to engaged in the Q&A session. offer free legal advice on over 230 enquiries from members of the public. 近250名市民參加了4場法律社區講座並踴躍參與問答環節。 近100名律師及見習律師參加為期兩天的免費法律諮詢活動，為超過230名市 民 提 供 免 費 法 律 意 見。 programme. 日舉行。我們有幸邀得香港特別行政區行政長官林鄭 A joint opening ceremony with Teen Talk was held on 25 November 2017. We are honoured to have The Honourable Mrs. Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet- 月娥女士、終審法院首席法官馬道立先生、立法會議 ngor, Chief Executive of HKSAR; The Honourable Geoffrey Ma, Chief Justice 員郭榮鏗大律師(法律界功能界別)、法律援助服務局 of the Court of Final Appeal; Mr. Dennis Kwok, Legislative Council Member 主席李家祥博士、法律援助署署長鄺寶昌先生、公民 (Legal Functional Constituency); Dr. Eric Li, Chairman of Legal Aid Services 教育委員會委員林長志先生、香港大律師公會副主席 Council; Mr. Thomas Kwong, Director of Legal Aid Department; Mr. Lam 毛樂禮資深大律師，以及律師會會長蘇紹聰律師和法 Cheung Chi, Member of Committee on the Promotion of Civic Education; and Mr. Jose-Antonio Maurellet SC, Vice-Chairman of Hong Kong Bar 律周2017和「青Teen講場」籌委會主席梁寶儀律師及 Association to join our President and the OC chairs of the two projects, Ms. 湯文龍律師主持開幕儀式。 Nancy Leung and Mr. Roden Tong to kick off the opening ceremony. 法律周2017年圓滿成功，實有賴籌委會的努力，以及 The huge success of Law Week 2017 was attributable to the tireless efforts 理事會和一眾主禮嘉賓的鼎力支持。律師會亦感謝法 of the OC and the staunch support of the Council and the officiating guests for the event. The Law Society was also grateful for sponsorship from the 律援助署贊助是次活動。 Legal Aid Department. 歡迎瀏覽及「讚好」律師會法律周Facebook專頁 Please visit and “Like” the Law Society Law Week Facebook fan page (https://www.facebook.com/hklawweek/)，觀看有 (https://www.facebook.com/hklawweek/) to watch the funny videos! 趣影片！
Over 25 volunteers participated in the children’s programme to share some basic legal concepts with primary school students. 超過25名義工參與了兒童活動，與小學生分享基本的法律概念。
www.hk-lawyer.org 27 • February 2018
Law Society Annual Cocktail 2017 Over 550 guests and Law Society members gathered at the Law Society Cocktails Reception on 27 November 2017 held at the Hong Kong Club, including The Honourable Geoffrey Ma, Chief Justice of the Final Court of Appeal, Mr. Wesley Wong, the Solicitor General and Mr. Patrick Nip, Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs.
2017年律師會周年招待酒會 律師會周年招待酒會於2017年11月27日假香港會所舉行，逾550位嘉賓及會 員應邀出席，包括終審法院首席法官馬道立先生、法律政策專員黃惠沖先生及 政制及內地事務局局長聶德權先生。
28 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
Sharing Session on Building Management The Working Group on Building Management of the Pro Bono Committee organised a Sharing Session on Building Management on 7 December 2017. The guest speaker, Ms. Vega Wong, Assistant Director of Home Affairs, introduced the proposed amendments in the Building Management Ordinance, such as the quorum for the Owners’ Corporation general meetings, the requirement of financial statements to be audited for maintenance projects and ceiling on the number of proxy instruments. Thirty-one members who served as panel advisors for the Free Legal Advice Service on Building Management attended the sharing session to obtain updated From left : Mr. Alexander Leung, Chairman of the Working Group; Ms. Serina Chan, Chairlady of PBC; Ms. Vega Wong, Assistant Director of Home Affairs; Mr. information and exchange ideas with the guest speaker. Jack Ho, Senior Administrative Officer of Home Affairs Department; and Vice- President Melissa Pang. 左起：工作小組主席梁匡舜律師、公益服務委員會主席陳潔心律師、民政事務總署助 大廈管理免費法律諮詢服務分享會 理署長王秀慧女士、民政事務總署高級政務主任何宇揚先生及副會長彭韻僖律師。 公益服務委員會轄下的建築物管理公益服務工作小組(下稱「工作小 組」)於2017年12月7日舉辦了一場「大廈管理免費法律諮詢服務 分享會」。民政事務總署助理署長王秀慧女士於分享會中擔任嘉賓 講者，講解《建築物管理條例》的建議修訂，如業主立案法團會議 的法定人數、維修項目財務報表的審計要求和業主可持有委任代表 的文書數量的上限。31位擔任大廈管理免費法律諮詢服務小組顧問 的會員出席分享會，以獲得最新資訊，並與嘉賓講者交流意見。
Ms. Wong elaborated on the progress of the review on the Building Management Ordinance . 王秀慧女士講解《建築物管理條例》的檢討進程。
Sweat & Glory Finale 2017 「企業律師的苦與樂」2017壓軸分享會 On 28 November 2017, the In-House Lawyers Committee (‘IHLC‘) wrapped 企業律師委員會(「委員會」)於2017年11月28日舉辦 up the year with the Sweat and Glory Finale 2017 – “Meet the Speakers” 「企業律師的苦與樂」2017壓軸分享會，為委員會去 Networking Reception. 年的工作劃上完美的句號。 Participants were given the opportunity to meet in person distinguished speakers who participated in IHLC events in 2017 and exchange views in a 參加者在輕鬆的氣氛下，與曾於去年參加委員會活動的 relaxing atmosphere. The finale was graced by the presence of the Guest 一眾傑出嘉賓講者作更深入交流。香港管理專業協會主 of Honour Mr. James Thompson, Chairman of the Hong Kong Management 席、著名企業家詹康信先生應邀擔任主禮嘉賓，分享他 Association and an experienced entrepreneur of a renowned conglomerate, 在企業管理和領導方面的見解。 sharing his insights in business management and leadership.
From left : Ms. Agnes Tai, Mr. Alex Lau, Mr. Charles To, IHLC Chairlady Ms. Maggie Tsui, Mr. James Thompson, Vice President Amirali Nasir and Mr. Alex Norman. 左起 : 戴潔瑩女士、劉偉略先生、杜軒榮律師、 企業律師委員會主席徐若婷律師、香港管理專 業協會主席詹康信先生、副會長黎雅明律師及 Alex Norman律師。
www.hk-lawyer.org 29 • February 2018
The Law Society 2017 Pro Bono and Community Service Award Presentation Ceremony Graced with the presence of The Honourable Chief Justice Geoffrey Ma and then Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen, the Law Society Pro Bono and Community Service Award Presentation Ceremony was successfully concluded on 13 December 2017. Speaking at the Ceremony, Chief Justice Geoffrey Ma expressed his gratitude and appreciation to the lawyers who selflessly contributed their time and expertise to offer Chief Justice Geoffrey Ma (left) and then Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen (right) delivering the pro bono services to the ones in need. Then Secretary for speeches at the Ceremony. Justice Rimsky Yuen congratulated the award recipients for 終審法院首席法官馬道立(左)及時任律政司司長袁國強資深大律師(右)在頒獎禮上致辭。 their outstanding performance in pro bono and community work. He also appreciated the Law Society’s continuous Service Award. Hogan Lovells and Latham & Watkins were the effort in promoting pro bono and volunteer work. recipients of the Distinguished Pro Bono Law Firm Award. In 2017, 107 Individual Awards, 23 Law Firm Awards and The awardees of the Distinguished Awards (with the exception of the 8 Distinguished Awards were presented. Among the “Young Lawyer Special Award”) were selected by the Judging Panel Distinguished Awards, a new “Young Lawyer Special comprising Mr. Chua Hoi Wai, Chief Executive of The Hong Kong Award” (the award recipient with 5 years P.Q.E or below Council of Social Service; Mr. Thomas Kwong, Director of Legal Aid; who performed the highest number of hours of pro bono Mr. Patrick Li, Deputy Secretary for Home Affairs; Mr. Stephen Wong, and community services) was introduced to encourage and Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data; The Hon Wong Yan-lung, recognise active participation of our young members in Former Secretary for Justice; Mr. Michael Lintern-Smith, Past President pro bono and community work. Ms. Karen Mcclellan was of The Law Society; Ms. Melissa Pang, Vice-President and Chairlady of presented with the award. the Pro Bono and Community Work Recognition Committee of The Law Mr. Nick Chan received both the Distinguished Pro Bono Society and Ms. Serina Chan, Chairlady of Pro Bono Committee of The Service Award and the Distinguished Community Service Law Society. Award. The Distinguished Pro Bono Service Award also For the list of 2017 awardees and awarded law firms, please visit the went to Mr. Chong Yiu Kwong and Ms. Patricia Ho. Mr. Eric website: http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/probono/news.asp. Cheung was an awardee of the Distinguished Community
Chief Justice Geoffrey Ma (fifth from left), then Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen (fourth from left), President Thomas So (first from left), Vice- President Melissa Pang (first from right) with the members of the Judging Panel. 終審法院首席法官馬道立(左五)及時任律政司司長袁國強資深大律師(左四)、會長蘇紹聰律師(左一)、副會長彭韻僖律師(右一)與評審委員會成員。
30 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
All the guests and participants at the Ceremony. 所有出席頒獎典禮的嘉賓及得獎者。 律師會2017年公益法律服務及社區工作嘉許計劃 頒獎典禮 律師會2017年公益法律服務及社區工作嘉許計劃頒獎典禮於2017年12 月13日舉行，榮幸邀得終審法院首席法官馬道立及時任律政司司長袁國 強資深大律師擔任主禮嘉賓。 終審法院首席法官馬道立在頒獎儀式上致辭時感謝和讚揚為有需要人士 無私地付出時間和專業知識提供義務法律服務的律師。時任律政司司長 Winners of the Distinguished Pro Bono Service Award were Mr. Nick Chan (first 袁國強資深大律師祝賀在公益法律服務及社區工作領域表現卓越的所有 from left), Ms. Patricia Ho (middle) and Mr. Chong Yiu Kwong (first from right). 「傑出公益法律服務獎」得獎者為陳曉峰律師(左一)、何珮芝律師(中)及莊耀洸律 得獎律師及律師行，並感謝律師會不斷地努力推動公益法律服務及社區 師(右一)。 工作。 「傑出服務獎」(「年青律師特別嘉許獎」除外)的得獎者 2017年度共有107位律師獲得「公益律師獎」、23間律師行獲得「公益 均由評審委員會選出。評審委員會成員包括：香港社會服 律師行獎」、8位律師獲「傑出服務獎」。律師會今年在「傑出服務獎」 務聯會行政總裁蔡海偉先生、法律援助署署長鄺寶昌律 中增設「年青律師特別嘉許獎」(得獎者須執業5年或以下，而提供最高 師、民政事務局副秘書長李百全先生、個人資料私隱專員 公益法律服務及社區工作時數)，以鼓勵和表揚年青會員積極參與公益服 黃繼兒大律師、前律政司司長黃仁龍資深大律師、律師會 務及社區工作。「年青律師特別嘉許獎」由Karen Mcclellan律師獲得。 前會長史密夫律師、律師會副會長兼公益法律服務及社區 陳曉峰律師獲頒「傑出公益法律服務獎」及「傑出社區服務獎」。「傑 工作嘉許委員會主席彭韻僖律師及律師會公益服務委員會 出公益法律服務獎」得獎者亦包括莊耀洸律師和何珮芝律師。張達明律 主席陳潔心律師。 師獲得「傑出社區服務獎」。而霍金路偉律師行及瑞生國際律師事務所 2017年的得獎者及得獎律師行名單，請瀏覽律師會網站： 則獲得「傑出公益律師行獎」。 http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/probono/news.asp。
Mr. Nick Chan (first from left) and Mr. Eric Cheung (third Ms. Karen Mcclellan (middle) was presented The law firm representatives received the Distinguished Pro Bono from left) received the Distinguished Community Service with the Young Lawyer Special Award. Law Firm Award. Award. Karen Mcclellan律師(中)獲「年青律師特別嘉 律師行代表接受「傑出公益律師行獎」。 「傑出社區服務獎」得獎者為陳曉峰律師(左一)及張達明律 許 獎 」。 師(左 三 )。
www.hk-lawyer.org 31 • February 2018
CRC Christmas Gathering 2017 On 8 December 2017, the Law Society Community Relations Committee (“CRC“) hosted a Christmas Gathering for its members and supporters who have rendered significant support towards the work of CRC and its four working groups. President Thomas So speaking at the President taking picture with CRC Chairman Philip Wong (fifth from the right), CRC Vice- The event kicked off with remarks Christmas Gathering. Chairlady Ann Yeung (sixth from the right) and CRC members. 會長蘇紹聰律師在聖誕聯歡會上致辭。 會長與社區關係委員會主席黃永昌律師（右五）、副主席楊慕嫦律師（右六）及委員會成員。 by President Thomas So to encourage members to build on this year’s achievements and head for another promising year. Mr. Philip Wong, Chairman of CRC also expressed his appreciation to the member 社區關係委員會聖誕聯歡會 volunteers. The event continued with the update by Chairpersons of the four working 2017 groups under CRC on their work plans for 2018. The highlight of the Gathering was that 為答謝律師會會員及支持者對社區關係 certificates of appreciation were presented to speakers and writers in recognition of their efforts in 2017. 35 participants had an enjoyable evening with great food and Christmas 委員會及轄下四個工作小組的活動的參 gifts. 與，該委員會於2017年12月8日舉辦聖 誕聯歡會。
律師會會長蘇紹聰律師在活動開始時致 辭，鼓勵會員秉承今年的佳績，明年再 接再厲。社區關係委員會主席黃永昌律 師則感謝義工會員的支持。隨後，四個 工作小組的主席概述2018年各項計劃。 律師會蘇紹聰會長亦在聯歡會上向各講 者及撰稿者頒贈感謝狀，以答謝他們在 2017年的貢獻。35位來賓於聯歡會上聚 首一堂，歡渡了一個晚上。 All participants smiled with their certificates. 參加 者 獲 頒 贈 感 謝 狀。
Seminar on Risk Management Education in Guangzhou At the invitation of the Guangdong Lawyers Association, the Law Society held a Risk Management Education seminar on litigation risk for local lawyers in Guangzhou on 16 December 2017. A total of 250 lawyers from Guangdong province attended the seminar. President Thomas So as well as members of the the Greater China Legal Affairs Committee Ms. Catherine Mun and Mr. Lawrence Yeung spoke at the seminar where they analysed risk factors of litigation, challenges in evidence collection and methods to manage risks.
廣州風險管理教育講座 應廣東省律師協會邀請，律師會在2017年12月16日在廣州為當地 律師舉辦了訴訟風險管理教育講座，共250名來自廣東省的律師出 席。律師會蘇紹聰會長、大中華法律事務委員會委員文理明律師 President Thomas So shared the knowledge of litigation risk management at the seminar. 及楊先桓律師擔任是次活動的講者，與參會人士分析訴訟風險的 蘇紹聰會長於講座上分享訴訟風險的知識。 因素、搜集證據的困難及管理風險的方法。
32 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
The 10th China Lawyers Forum President Thomas So led a Law Society delegation to attend the 10th China Lawyers Forum organised by All China Lawyers Association held on 8 January in Shenzhen. Delegates attending the forum included Council member Mr. Mark Daly and members of the Greater China Legal Affairs Committee Mr. Rico Chan and Mr. Lawrence Yeung. With the theme “Amendments on ’Law of the PRC on Lawyers’ and Strengthening of the lawyer system reform”, the forum attracted the attendance of about 900 lawyers.
第十屆中國律師論壇 在蘇紹聰會長的帶領下，律師會出席了中華全國律師協會於1月8 日假深圳舉辦的第十屆中國律師論壇，代表團成員包括帝理邁理 The Law Society delegation at the 10th China Lawyers Forum. 事、大中華法律事務委員會委員陳偉國律師及楊先恒律師。論壇以 律師會代表出席第十屆中國律師論壇。 「內地的《律師法》修改與深化律師制度改革」為主題，共吸引約 900名律師參加。
Mainland Delegations Visited the Law Society 內地代表團訪問香港律師會 The Law Society received two delegations from the Mainland in December 律師會於2017年12月先後接待兩個來自內地的訪問 2017. A delegation from the Integrated Service Platform for Intellectual 團。中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區知識產權協會的代表團 Property of China (Shanghai) Trade Zone visited the Law Society on 8 於12月8日訪問律師會，由律師會彭韻僖副會長及大 December and was received by Vice President Melissa Pang and Mr. Lawrence Yeung, member of the Greater China Legal Affairs Committee. 中華法律事務委員會委員楊先恒律師接待。 Both sides exchanged views on the latest developments on intellectual 雙方交流兩地知識產權保障與調解制度的最新發展， property protection and mediation system in both places and discussed 並討論如何加強彼此未來的合作。上海市司法局的六 ways to strengthen future cooperation. 人代表團則於12月20日到訪律師會。大中華法律事務 A six-member delegation from the Shanghai Bureau of Justice visited the 委員會副主席鄭宗漢律師、委員林新強律師和徐奇鵬 Law Society on 20 December and was received by Mr. Neville Cheng, Vice 律師向訪問團介紹了香港律師會的角色和功能，以及 Chairman of the Greater China Legal Affairs Committee, as well as Mr. 香港法律服務業的發展概況。 Ambrose Lam and Mr. Wilfred Tsui, members of the Committee, who briefed the visiting delegation on the roles and functions of the Law Society and the latest developments of the legal services industry in Hong Kong.
Vice President Melissa Pang presented a souvenir to the Delegation from the Shanghai Bureau of Justice with Law Society representatives after the meeting. delegation from the Integrated Service Platform for Intellectual 上海市司法局代表與律師會代表於會後合照。 Property of China (Shanghai) Trade Zone. 彭韻僖副會長代表律師會致送紀念品予中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區知 識 產 權 協 會。
www.hk-lawyer.org 33 • February 2018
Teen Talk 2017 - “Law and Compassion” “Teen Talk” is one of the flagship events of The Law Society of Hong Kong, focusing on serving young people and the broader community. The event set a new record with around 1,200 students from 78 school teams from 18 districts, including International Baccalaureate schools. Teen Talk 2017 was held over four days. The first event of “Basic Law and Advocacy Talk” was held in Large Moot Court at The University of Hong Kong on 14 October. The then Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen and President Thomas So were the honourable speakers who shared with over 300 students their knowledge about Basic Law and Hong Kong’s legal system, and gave tips and hints on advocacy skills and etiquette. Holy Trinity College and Heep Yunn School won the Outstanding Team award in Moot The second event “Moot Court Competition” was completed Court Competition. 寶血會上智英文書院及協恩中學在模擬法庭比賽中取得最卓越隊伍獎。 over two weekends in November. Students gathered at the High Court to share personal views on social topics and engage in friendly debates. Teams were given either the role of defense or prosecution, presenting their case in front of real life judges and senior practitioners. Judges were impressed by the presentation, analytical skill as well as ability of the students to formulate their argument within 40 minutes’ preparation time with coaching of prosecutors from the Department of Justice and the Law Society members. The main event of Teen Talk 2017 was held at the Science Park on 25 November with over 900 participants, including guests, secondary school students, Law Society members and media. The whole day event included Grand Final of Moot Court Competition, followed by the Joint Opening Ceremony of Law Week and Teen Talk, a Basic Law Quiz and Legal Knowledge Race, where lawyers and students collaborated to complete various tasks to learn President Thomas So introduced Basic Law Quiz to the students. 律師會會長蘇紹聰律師主持《基本法》問答遊戲。 legal knowledge in a creative way. Council member and Organising Committee (‘OC‘) Chairman Same as in previous years, Teen Talk received funding support Mr. Roden Tong would like to express his heartfelt thanks to the from the Committee on the Promotion of Civic Education to cover OC members and over 100 Law Society member facilitators who part of the expenses incurred. volunteered themselves to participate in the programme to pass Please visit and “Like” the Law Society Teen Talk Facebook fan legal knowledge to the younger generation as well as the support page (https://www.facebook.com/teentalkhk) to download your of the Law Society Secretariat to make the event a success. photos!
Officiating guests, Council members, distinguished guests, Law Week OC members and Teen Talk OC members and over 600 students participated in the event on 25 November 2017. 主禮嘉賓、理事會成員、嘉賓、法律周籌委會成員、「青Teen講 場」籌 委 會 成 員 及 超 過 600名學生參加了2017年11月25日的 活動。
34 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
青Teen講場2017：「法、理、情」 「青Teen講場」是律師會的旗艦活動之一，以服務年青人及社區 「青Teen講場2017」的重點活動於11月25日在科學園舉行， 為宗旨。今年「青Teen講場」的參加人數創新高，來自全港18區 吸引了超過900人參加，包括主禮嘉賓、中學生、會員和傳媒朋 78間學校合共約1,200位學生參與，包括國際學校學生。 友。當日活動包括模擬法庭比賽決賽、「青Teen講場2017」暨 「法律周」開幕禮、《基本法》問答遊戲及法律知識遊戲，律師 「青Teen講場2017」的活動分4天進行，首項活動「《基本法》 與學生合作完成各項任務，透過創意方式學習法律知識。 及訴訟知識講座」於10月14日在香港大學模擬法庭舉行。時任律 政司司長袁國強資深大律師及律師會會長蘇紹聰律師擔任嘉賓講 理事會成員兼籌委會主席湯文龍律師感謝籌委會成員和超過100 者，與300名學生分享有關《基本法》和香港法律制度的知識， 位律師會會員義工的參與，透過此活動將法律知識傳授給年輕一 以及訴訟技巧和禮儀。 代，並感謝律師會秘書處的努力，令活動得以圓滿成功。並籍此 感謝公民教育委員會資助此活動。 第二項活動「模擬法庭比賽」在11月分兩個週末於高等法院舉 行。學生們就社會議題交流意見，並進行辯論。各隊伍被分配擔 請瀏覽及「讚好」律師會「青Teen講場」Facebook專頁(https:// 任辯方或控方的角色，在法官和資深律師面前，陳述案件。法官 www.facebook.com/teentalkhk) 及下載相片！ 對學生的雄辯、分析能力以及在律政司檢察官和律師會成員的指 導下於40分鐘內完成論據，深表讚賞。
Around 600 students participated in the “Legal Knowledge Race” under the guidance of Law Society members. 約600名學生在律師會會員指導下參加法律知識遊戲。
ASICS Tai Po Half Marathon 2017
On 10 December 2017, the Distance Running Team sent a team of six to take part in the 10km category of the ASICS Tai Po Half Marathon 2017. The event started at Tai Po Tin Hau Temple Fung Shui Square and finished at the Education University of Hong Kong Pak Shek Kok Sports Centre.
ASICS大埔半馬2017 2017年12月10日，長跑隊派出6位成員參加ASICS大埔半 馬2017的10公里賽。參賽者於大埔天后宮風水廣場起步， 賽事終點站為香港教育大學白石角運動中心。
From left: Law Society team members included Mr. Patrick Chan, Ms. Sally Lam, Ms. Chionia Lau, Ms. Chung Wai Yin, Ms. Winnie Lui, and Distance Running Captain Mr. John Lee. 左起︰香港律師會隊成員包括陳健明律師、林滙詩律師、劉思朗律師、鍾慧賢律師、呂穎怡律師及長跑 隊 隊長 李 遠傳 律 師。
www.hk-lawyer.org 35 • February 2018
The 9th Shenzhen-Hong Kong Lawyers Badminton Cup 第九屆港深律師盃羽毛球混 The Law Society’s badminton team was invited to participate in the 9th Shenzhen-Hong 合團體賽 Kong Lawyers Badminton Cup on 14 October 2017 in Shenzhen. The competition was kicked off by the welcoming remarks of representatives of the Shenzhen Lawyers Association 於2017年10月14日，律師會羽毛球隊 including Vice President Jiang Dinghang, and Mr. Ren Jie, Chairman of the Recreation and 受邀到深圳參加第九屆港深律師盃羽毛 Welfare Committee. 球混合團體賽。在深圳市律師協會江定 The Hong Kong team was told that its opponent has secured a former Guangdong 航副會長及深圳市律師協會文體與福利 provincial men’s single champion who was known as “Shenzhen’s Li Dan” to join the team 委員會任杰主任簡單的歡迎辭後，比賽 but the news did not shake the confidence of the Hong Kong team which was even more 正式開始。 determined to take home the title after learning about its strong rival. Hong Kong was still one game behind Shenzhen towards the end of the competition but team members 即使賽前深圳律師隊透露隊中有一位前 maintained a strong mind with supporters cheering non-stop for the team. The team 廣東省單打冠軍及有「深圳市林丹」之 eventually managed 稱的球員加盟，香港隊的信心未曾動 to win two games in a 搖，強敵更激發起隊員爭勝的決心。雖 row and beat Shenzhen 7-6. The team received 然於比賽後段，香港隊仍以一場之差落 the champion trophy 後於深圳隊，但憑著隊員堅定的鬥志及 from Mr. Zhao Xiaofei, 支持者於場外不斷打氣，香港隊最終連 Vice Chairman of the 勝兩場，以7比6險勝深圳隊，並從廣 Recreation Committee 東省協會文體工作委員會趙曉飛副主任 of the Guangdong Lawyers Association, 接過獎盃。雙方代表賽後共晉晚餐，交 before enjoying dinner 流心得，為比賽劃上完美的句號。 with the Shenzhen team.
YSG CONNECTED 2017 Closing Event – show off their culinary skills. Immediate Past President Stephen Beachside BBQ Closing Party Hung and the two Council Members acted as judges for the competition and selected the three best dishes. The final event of Young Solicitors’ Group (‘YSG’) CONNECTED 2017 programme took place on 9 December 2017, when 51 By way of background, CONNECTED is a mentorship and buddy mentors, buddies and mentees gathered together for a relaxing programme first launched in early 2011 to provide a platform for barbeque night in Siu Lam. newly admitted members to meet with more senior members of the profession in developing a professional supporting network. The event started with a mentor sharing session by Council YSG holds a number of CONNECTED events throughout the year Members Serina Chan and Jonathan Ross and mentors Mr. Alan to encourage participants to regularly communicate with their Chiu and Ms. Kristi Swartz, followed by a casual barbeque cum mentors. cooking showdown, where mentors, buddies and mentees got to If you wish to connect with fellow solicitors and trainees through fun and exciting activities, please complete the application form in the loose insert in this Journal to join as mentors, buddies or mentees for CONNECTED 2018!
Reported by: Vicky Man
Group photo 大合照
36 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律 師 會 新 聞
年青律師組「法友聯盟」2017年閉幕活動： 沙灘燒烤派對 51位年青律師組「法友聯盟」的良師及益友於2017年12月9日聚首小欖 的燒烤埸，參加2017年的閉幕活動，渡過了一個輕鬆愉快的晚上。
理事會成員陳潔心律師和羅彰南律師及良師趙之威律師和施琦蓮律師先 進行良師分享環節，隨後是輕鬆的燒烤兼烹飪比拼，良師、益友及實習 律師展示他們的廚藝。前會長熊運信律師和兩位理事會成員擔任評判， 選出三道最佳菜式。 Mentors sharing session on Yearly Reflection and Planning. 「法友聯盟」師友計劃自2011年初開始舉辦，提供平台予新律師會員， 良 師 就「年 度 反 思 和 計 劃」進 行 分 享。 令他們接觸和獲得資深會員的指導，從而建立專業支援網絡。年青律師 組年內舉辦多項的「法友聯盟」活動，旨在鼓勵參加者定期與良師溝 通。
如有興趣透過參加有趣活動與其他律師進行交流，請填寫申請表格(本期 的插頁)，成為「法友聯盟」2018的良師、益友及實習律師！
由文穎翹律師報導 CONNECTED families enjoying the barbeque. 「法 友 聯 盟 」大 家 庭 聚 在 一 起 燒 烤。
Member Benefit: The Law Society’s Annual Christmas 會員權益：律師會聖誕派對2017 Party 2017 會員權益委員會舉辦的周年聖誕派對於2017年12 The Annual Christmas Party, organised by the Member Benefit Committee, 月14日圓滿舉行。派對以紫色和銀色為主題，約 was successfully held on 14 December 2017. Around 180 members and guests 180位會員和嘉賓聚首一堂，慶祝普世歡騰的節 attended and dressed up for the theme this year: “Purple and Silver”. 日 。 The kick-off performance by the VIP band featuring some of the Council 派對由VIP樂隊、理事和委員會成員獻唱聖誕歌揭 members and Committee members immediately brought the party to its 開序幕，將氣氛推向高潮。來賓一面欣賞音樂，一 climax. While immersing in the waves of music, the participants captured 面在委員會安排的攝影攤位與朋友拍照，並參加「 precious moments with their friends at the photo booth arranged by the Committee, and took part in the “Best Dressed Competition” as well as other 最佳服飾獎」和其他遊戲，贏取精美獎品。最後， games to compete for prizes. The event wrapped up with a performance by 律師會樂隊TLF作精彩表演，為派對作完美總結。 the talented vocalists from the Law Society live band TLF.
Past President Huen Wong (first from left), Chairlady of the Member Benefit Committee Bonita Chan Christmas carol performance by the VIP band with some of the (second from left), Chairlady of the Standing Committee on Member Services Cecilia Wong (third from left), Council members and Committee members. Past President Anthony Chow (middle), President Thomas So (fourth from right), Vice-President Amirali VIP樂隊與理事和委員會成員獻唱聖誕歌。 Nasir (second from right), Council Member Roden Tong (first from right) with participants of the Best Dressed Competition. 前會長王桂壎律師(左一)、會員權益委員會主席陳寶儀律師(左二)、會員服務常務委員會主席黃吳潔華律師(左三) 、前會長周永健律師(中)、會長蘇紹聰律師(右四)、副會長黎雅明律師(右二)、理事會成員湯文龍律師(右一)與「最 佳服飾獎」的參加者合照。
www.hk-lawyer.org 37 • February 2018 Recreation and Sports Committee Feature 康樂及體育委員會特寫
7th Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau 第七屆粵港澳律師運 Lawyers Sports Meet 動會 The 7th Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau Lawyers Sports 第七屆粵港澳律師運動會(「運 Meet (the ‘Sports Meet’), a bi-annual event which gathers legal professionals who are keen on playing sports from Guangdong, 動會」)於2017年11月10日至 Hong Kong and Macau, was successfully held in Guangzhou 12日在廣州圓滿舉行。這項兩 from 10 to 12 November 2017. This was the third time the 年一度的盛事旨在匯集粵港澳三 Guangdong Lawyers Association hosted this mega regional 地對運動有興趣的法律界專業人 sporting event after the inaugural Sports Meet in 2002 and the th 士，透過運動促進彼此的交流 4 Sports Meet in 2011. Taipei Bar Association was once again 和友誼。今屆是廣東律師協會繼 being invited to participate in the event as special guest team President Thomas So travelled to since the 2013 Sports Meet. Guangzhou to support the Law Society team 2002年首屆及2011年第四屆運 as one of the officiating guests. The event was kicked off with the grand entrance of the Rule of 會長蘇紹聰律師前赴廣州為律師會健兒打氣並 動會後，第三次主辦是次盛事。 Law Flag at the Opening Ceremony on 11 November. The Flag 擔 任 主 禮 嘉 賓。 台北律師公會自2013年起獲邀 was introduced in 2015 when the Rule of Law Marathon was held in Hong 以特邀嘉賓身份參加。 Kong during the last Sports Meet hosted by the Law Society promoting the spirit of justice and sportsmanship. It was followed by the marching 在11月11日的開幕禮上，「法治之旗」隆重進場，為運 in of athletes to the stadium. 動會揭開序幕。律師會上次在2015年擔任運動會東道主 The Law Society team was represented by over 90 member athletes who 時舉辦「法治馬拉松」及傳遞「法治之旗」，以宣揚公 took part in all 11 events including badminton, basketball, football, golf, 義與運動精神。運動員隨「法治之旗」步入場館。 snooker, swimming, table tennis, tennis, tenpin bowling, volleyball and the newly introduced bridge. Through hard-fought matches over the 今屆，律師會派出超過90位會員競逐11個項目，包括 weekend, the Hong Kong team successfully defended its championship 羽毛球、籃球、足球、高爾夫球、桌球、游泳、乒乓 titles in badminton and swimming, and won the first bridge competition 球、網球、保齡球、排球和新增的橋牌。經過一個週末 in the Sports Meet history. The Guangdong team enjoyed home 的激烈比賽後，香港隊成功衛冕羽毛球和游泳冠軍，並 advantage and was crowned Overall Champion. The Law Society team had only lost by a small margin and came second overall followed by 贏得了首屆橋牌比賽。廣東隊憑主場優勢，取得總冠軍 Macau in third place. 榮銜，香港律師會緊隨其後屈居亞軍，而澳門則取得季 Great is the victory but the friendship of all is greater. The Sports Meet is 軍。 not only a battlefield but also provides a platform for legal professionals 友誼第一，比賽第二。運動會不僅是競技埸地，也為來 of different jurisdictions to network and make friends with one another.
th Over 90 member athletes represented the Law Society team in the 7 Sports Meet. Mr. Fred Kan, Golf Captain, exchanged souvenirs 超過90位會員代表律師會參加第七屆粵港澳律師運動會。 with representative of the Macau Lawyers Association which will host the next Sports Meet. 高爾夫球隊隊長簡家驄律師與澳門律師公會的代表 38 www.hk-lawyer.org 交換紀念品。澳門律師公會是下屆運動會的東道主。 February 2018 • RECREATION AND SPORTS COMMITTEE FEATURE 康樂及體育委員會特寫
Marching in of the athletes at the Opening Ceremony with Council Member and RSC Vice Chairman Mr. Roden Tong (middle) bearing the flag accompanied by Council Member Mr. CM Chan (right) and Former RSC Chairlady Ms. Eliza Chang (left). 理事會成員暨康體會副主席湯文龍律師(中)在開幕禮上任持旗手，與護旗手理事會成員陳澤銘律師(左)和康體 會前主席鄭麗珊律師(右)一起進場。
The Badminton Team, Bridge Team and Swimming Team crowned champion. 羽毛球隊、橋牌隊和游泳隊獲得冠軍。
All Law Society sportsmen certainly 自不同地方的法律專才提供交 deserved a big round of applause. The 流互動的平台。 success of the Hong Kong team must also be attributed to the captains and convenors 讓我們為所有健兒鼓掌，並感 for their commitment and kind contribution 謝所有運動隊伍的隊長和召集 in leading their teams. 人的貢獻。
Although the Law Society could not 儘管律師會今屆未能衛冕總冠 continue its winning streak this time, team 軍，隊員將積極備戰於2019 members will prepare themselves to stage 年在澳門舉行的下一屆運動 a comeback in the next Sports Meet to be 會。你們的支持至關重要！ held in Macau in 2019. Your support is vital!
www.hk-lawyer.org 39 • February 2018
Let’s hear from the athletes: 運動員的話： “The Sport Meets is a great platform to make new friends in a relaxed 「運動會是個很好的平台，讓我們在輕鬆的環境 environment coupled with some good exercises, which is exactly what you 結交新朋友和享受運動。我們長時間在電腦前工 need after long hours in front of a computer. I have enjoyed every part of it and 作，這正是我們所需要的。我享受運動會的每一 will certainly participate in the next gathering.” 刻，下屆一定會再次參加。」 – Mr. Viacheslav Iavorskyi, Tennis Team – 網球隊 Viacheslav Iavorskyi 律師
“This was more than just a competition for us. It was the first time we ladies 「這對我們來說不僅是場比賽，而是女子隊現有 competed together and the camaraderie alone was a victory for us. We played 成員首次一同出征，這份回億無可取代。我們全 like there was no tomorrow and forged many new friendships. We thank the Law Society for letting us join this unforgettable Sports Meet!” 力以赴，亦結識了許多新朋友。感謝律師會讓我 們參加這場令人難忘的運動會！」 – Ms. Nicole Wong, Basketball Convenor – 籃球隊召集人王嘉穎律師
“It was great fun to have the chance to play bridge with fellow lawyers in 「非常高興能夠與廣州的律師們一起在運動會上 Guangzhou in the Sports Meet which united our team members and offered a 砌磋橋牌，運動會亦令隊員團結起來，並讓我們 great chance for us to meet with lawyers in other jurisdictions. It was a really enjoyable experience!” 結識到新朋友。這絕對是個非常愉快的經歷！」
– Mr. W.K. Ng, Bridge Convenor – 橋牌隊召集人伍偉傑律師
「這是我第五次代表律師會參加運動會。很高興 “It was already my 5th time representing the Law Society in the Sports Meet. 看到有新血加入及成長，並發揮團隊精神、克 I’m delighted to see new blood joining and developing, and how team spirit 服挑戰。隊友的成就比我個人的榮耀更重要。」 overcomes challenges. My teammates’ achievements mean a lot more than my personal pride.” – 羽毛球隊隊長呂福榮律師 – Mr. Gary Lui, Badminton Captain
40 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • RECREATION AND SPORTS COMMITTEE FEATURE 康樂及體育委員會特寫
Results of the 7th Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Lawyers Sports Meet 第七屆粵港澳律師運動會賽果
Event 項目 Champion 冠軍 1st runner-up 亞軍 2nd runner-up 季軍 Badminton 羽毛球 Hong Kong 香港 Guangdong 廣東 Taipei 台北 Basketball (Men’s) 籃球 ( 男子 ) Guangdong 廣東 Hong Kong 香港 Macau 澳門 Basketball (Ladies’) 籃球(女子) Guangdong 廣東 Hong Kong 香港 Macau 澳門 Bridge 橋牌 Hong Kong 香港 Guangdong 廣東 - Football 足球 Guangdong 廣東 Macau 澳門 Hong Kong 香港 Golf 高爾夫球 Guangdong 廣東 Hong Kong 香港 Macau 澳門 Snooker 桌球 Guangdong 廣東 Hong Kong 香港 Macau 澳門 Swimming 游泳 Hong Kong 香港 Guangdong 廣東 Macau 澳門 Table Tennis (Men’s) 乒乓球 ( 男子 ) Guangdong 廣東 Hong Kong 香港 Taipei 台北 Table Tennis (Ladies’) 乒乓球 ( 女子 ) Guangdong 廣東 Taipei 台北 Hong Kong/Macau 香港 / 澳門 Tennis 網球 Guangdong 廣東 Hong Kong 香港 Macau 澳門 Tenpin Bowling 保齡球 Guangdong 廣東 Hong Kong 香港 Macau 澳門 Volleyball 排球 Guangdong 廣東 Hong Kong 香港 Macau 澳門
www.hk-lawyer.org 41 • February 2018
Drone Regulation: A Commercial Perspective
By Alex Yang, Senior Associate Deacons Machiuanna Chu, Partner Deacons
n recent years the commercial use of as flying cameras threatening both no GPS signals are available. For drone unmanned aircraft systems or drones privacy advocates and manned aircraft companies, streamlined administrative Ihas exploded due to their increasing has maligned them in the eyes of many procedures and specific rules governing capabilities. Though still regarded by members of the public. Such risks have commercial drone flights could act as a some as gadgets useful for little more prompted some policy makers to take bedrock for testing new technologies or than basic surveillance or shooting a conservative regulatory approach by launching new services. videos, drones are now used in a variety of developing rules focusing largely (if not Hong Kong’s own laws regulating commercial applications: land surveyors exclusively) on safety considerations. drones are mainly based on public can map areas more quickly and safely On the other hand, other jurisdictions safety considerations (perhaps with mapping drones; insurance adjusters seeking to realise the commercial understandable given the city’s high can inspect more damaged assets with potential of the drone industry are urban density and crowded population drones; and farmers can use drones to taking steps to unlock it by coming up centres). However, the existing approval monitor crops and collect soil data. As with regulations that could facilitate the regime for commercial drone flights is drone technology further improves, so will development of new technologies. These cumbersome and may not adequately their capacity to transform daily life. policy makers recognise that as the drone address commercial realities. Cognizant Yet notwithstanding their commercial market matures, more value will migrate of this, the Hong Kong Government has in potential, drones clearly present risks to software that can enhance detect-and- recent years studied regulations in other to public safety and personal privacy. avoid systems, enable autonomous flight, jurisdictions with an eye towards updating Indeed, the popular perception of drones and assist with navigation in areas where existing laws concerning drone usage. As
42 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • AVIATION LAW 航空法
concerning the operation of drones Before any flight of a drone for weighing more than seven kilograms commercial purposes or for remuneration, without fuel (the guidelines can be viewed the operator must procure prior approval at: http://www.cad.gov.hk/english/ from the CAD. This involves a multi-step Unmanned_Aircraft_Systems.html). process: These guidelines stipulate, inter alia, that 1. If the operator has not done so such drones: already, he/she must first establish that the drone is airworthy by • Shall be flown only during daylight procuring a Certificate of Registration hours and always within the and Certificate of Airworthiness operator’s Visual Line of Sight issued by the CAD (per Arts. 3, 7, and (”VLOS”); 100 of the Order). This involves filing • Shall not be flown until the operator two separate applications (see Form has secured permission from the DCA 99 (Application for Registration land/property owner and conducted of Aircraft) and Form DCA 46D a safety assessment of the site (such (Application for Certificate of safety assessment must be made Airworthiness)) to the CAD whereby available to the CAD upon request); the operator must indicate the • Shall “normally not be flown” within particulars of the drone, its operating five km of any aerodrome (namely history, and his/her personal details. Hong Kong International Airport, 2. Once the drone has been registered Shun Tak Heliport, and Shek Kong and the operator has obtained Airfield); a Certificate of Airworthiness, • Shall not be flown more than 300 permission must be sought feet above ground level; prior to any flight by submitting • Shall not be flown over or within 50 an application form (https://e- metres of any person, vessel, vehicle submission.cad.gov.hk/&common/ or structure not under the control cad/fcballon.nsf/uas?openform) and of its operator (except that during supporting documents to the CAD at take-off and landing the drone must least 28 working days before the date not be flown over or within 30 metres of such flight. One purpose of the REUTERS/Carlo Allegri of any person other than the drone application form is to prove that the operator and any other person in drone is operated by a ‘qualified’ pilot connection with its operation); (the CAD currently recognises the UK-based BNUC-S Certification for a result of this review, in December 2017, • Shall not be flown if surface winds drone pilots). Supporting documents the Civil Aviation Department (‘CAD‘) exceed 20 knots (the CAD suggests should include: proposed a set of revisions designed to that the operator keep a hand-held better supervise drone flights and reduce anemometer to monitor surface wind a. details of the intended flight path; the administrative burden for commercial speed); b. operations manual - this covers drone operators. the procedures to be followed for • Shall only be operated in an area all envisaged flight operations and EXISTING DRONE LAWS under the operator’s full control, is a key reference for the CAD. The where take-off and landing is Currently all drone owners/operators CAD will refer to the operations properly segregated from public are governed by the Air Navigation manual in order to assess the access; (Hong Kong) Order 1995 (Cap. 488C) viability and safety of a proposed (the ‘Order‘). Article 48 of the Order • Shall not carry any hazardous flight before deciding whether to stipulates that no person shall “recklessly materials, nor drop any objects onto grant a permission, and will expect or negligently cause or permit an aircraft the ground; the drone flight to be carried out in to endanger any person or property”. • Shall not be flown until the operator accordance with the manual (see: Beyond this general prohibition on is satisfied that, prior to the flight, the http://www.cad.gov.hk/reports/ causing harm to persons or property, mechanism causing the drone to land UAS_operations_manual.pdf); commercial drone operators must refer in the event of failure or disruption is c. land/property owner’s written to guidelines published by the CAD in working order. permission; and
www.hk-lawyer.org 43 • February 2018
d. copy of an adequate insurance weighing between 250 grams The FAA is now working on future rules policy. and seven kilograms), and high governing flights over people (ie flights in 3. Submission of an Application for risk (drones weighing more than crowded areas) and remote identification Permit for use of aircraft for the seven kilograms), with each risk of drones. Further down the road the FAA provision of air service - Unmanned category determinative of a drone’s intends to propose rules regarding night Aircraft Systems (‘UAS’). registration requirements and flying, operations over longer distances, flight parameters (this risk-based and control of multiple drones by a single 4. Prior approval must be sought from approach deviates from the current operator. the Office of the Communications purpose-based rules under whereby Authority on the use of radio The FAA is well aware that such rules pre-approval is required prior to all frequencies and ensure that no can drive the direction of the commercial commercial drones flights, regardless interference is caused to air traffic drone industry. In fact drone companies of drone size); operations and air navigation can already go beyond the Part 107 rules equipment. 3. Introducing a requirement for drone by obtaining a special waiver from the operators to undergo training and Once all permissions have been secured, FAA, on the condition that they can show procure insurance (with particular the drone operator should notify the that their proposed operation can be requirements commensurate to the CAD/Aerodrome Supervisor before flight conducted safely and meet additional drone’s risk category). and upon completion of the flight. Drone criteria. Such waivers impose additional operators must also maintain records The CAD’s revisions broadly follow drone safety requirements, for instance, of each flight and make such records rules in the USA, where the US Federal obtaining a waiver for night flights available to the CAD upon request. Aviation Administration (the “’FAA’”) requires mounting a light on the drone has promulgated a drone registration that is visible from three miles away, and Given the complexity of this registration/ and marking system. The FAA’s web- providing night-flight training for the approval regime there is anecdotal based registration system covers all drone operator. evidence suggesting that some drones regardless of their use and is a commercial drone operators, whose This waiver system effectively allows the precondition for all drone operations. FAA to gain regulatory expertise by giving work is subject to the vagaries of Owners of non-recreational drones must weather and deadlines, simply choose them a means to test new regulations submit their name, address (including before they are formalised. Some to skip the application process and risk email address), drone manufacturer, sanction. Furthermore, the requirement parties have already taken advantage: model name, and serial number. The in October 2017, the news organisation for commercial drone operators to submitted information is kept on a submit details of proposed flights well CNN successfully obtained a waiver database accessible to the public (though regarding its commercial drone operating before their intended flight date may individual names and addresses are only not accommodate business realities. license allowing them to fly its drone over visible to the FAA and law enforcement open-air crowds of people (regardless of Videographers, for example, often receive agencies). Moreover, compliance is a work request only one or two weeks in population density) at altitudes of up to encouraged by imposing fines of up to 150 feet. advance. US$250,000 or imprisonment for up FORGING A DRONE STRATEGY FOR to three years for failing to register or Neither Hong Kong’s existing laws nor HONG KONG properly mark a drone. the CAD’s proposed revisions explicitly sanction or prohibit experimental drone As part of an ongoing effort to update UNLOCKING COMMERCIAL flights. At this point then, it seems existing laws, the CAD commissioned a POTENTIAL unclear how accommodating the CAD consultancy study to examine how Hong would be towards allowing drone testing Kong could better regulate drones. Last Aside from its registration system, of new commercial applications. As the December the CAD reported the study’s the FAA’s Small Unmanned Aircraft CAD’s proposed revisions will be subject key recommendations, which put forth a Regulations (Part 107) serve as a model to public consultation (which is scheduled number of preliminary proposals: for many jurisdictions seeking to govern commercial drone flights. These rules to conclude by mid-year), the CAD may 1. Implementing an online registration allow drone operators with a remote- be well-served by soliciting input from system for drones and their pilot certificate (obtained by passing a stakeholders outside the traditional operators; test costing US$150) to fly drones for aviation sector. The combined knowledge 2. Categorisation of drones into commercial purposes during daylight, and experience of drone specialists, three different risk categories: low within VLOS, in uncontrolled airspace, software companies, and end users could risk (drones weighing less than and without flying over people who are improve our understanding of potential 250 grams), medium risk (drones not involved in operating the drone. drone uses and identify technological or infrastructure constraints.
44 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • AVIATION LAW 航空法
PRIVACY CONCERNS One regulatory area that has not been 從商用角度看無 subjected to extensive re-examination is personal privacy. Indeed, many jurisdictions including Hong Kong still 人機法規 rely on existing privacy laws to deal with the potential threat of drones. In Hong Kong, all drone operators must comply with the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486), the provisions of which were not drafted in contemplation of remotely operated cameras. To address this gap, in March 2015 the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data issued the Guidance on CCTV Surveillance and Use of Drones (see https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/ resources_centre/publications/ files/GN_CCTV_Drones_e.pdf). REUTERS/Mike Segar This guide contains reminders 作者 楊一名 律師 的近律師行 that drone operators (ie those who 朱敏慧 合夥人 的近律師行 operate camera equipped drones) are regulated by the Personal Data 人駕駛飛機系統或無人機 的性 含的商業潛力的司法管轄區，它們現 (Privacy) Ordinance (including the 能近年不斷提升，其在商業上 時正在採取措施，制定有利於發展無人 Data Protection Principles therein) and have a duty to respect personal 無的用途亦因而得到大大增進。 機新技術的法規，以期充分把握這一契 privacy. The guide also offers 儘管今天仍有人會將無人機視作基本的監 機，而它們的政策制定者亦認識到，隨 guidelines on recording, handling 測或視頻拍攝工具，但事實上，它已在商 著無人機市場的發展日趨成熟，未來將 recorded images, retention and 業上被廣泛應用：例如，土地測量人員可 會更為重視能夠增強「偵測及回避」性 encryption of image transmission. 以透過運用測繪無人機，更快速、更安全 能的軟件，實現自主飛行，並為接收不 However the guide does not have the force of law, so the Government must 地繪製地圖；保險理賠人員可以透過運用 到GPS信號的地區提供導航協助。對於 necessarily rely on the Personal Data 無人機，更有效地勘察受損毀的財產；農 生產無人機的企業來說，簡化行政管理 (Privacy) Ordinance or other existing 民亦可以透過使用無人機，對農作物進行 程序，制定對商用無人機飛行予以規管 laws when evaluating any public 監測和收集土壤數據。隨著無人機技術的 的具體法規，是測試新技術和推出新服 offenses involving drones. 進一步提高，它更大程度地改變了人們的 務的重要基礎。 Whether and how the current data 日常生活。 privacy protection regime should 香港的無人機法規，主要著眼於對公眾 evolve to counter the privacy 儘管無人機具有巨大的商業潛力，但它同 安全的考慮(此舉是可以理解的，因為香 challenges posed by drones will 時也對公共安全和個人私隱構成明顯的威 港的人煙稠密，城市密度高)。然而，香 be an open question in the coming 脅。也許，無人機所予人的觀感是，它好 港現時關於商用無人機飛行的審核制度 years. There should be little doubt, though, that devising new drone 比一台飛行照相機，對重視私隱的人和由 十分繁複，以致無法充分應對現實商業 regulations that take into account 人駕駛的飛機構成重大威脅，因此其形象 情況。有鑒於此，香港政府在近年開始 potential technological and industrial 備受貶抑，而上述風險的存在，亦促使政 研究其他司法管轄區的法規，以更新目 developments could only benefit 策制定者採取保守的監管策略，在制定相 前與無人機之使用有關的法例。在經過 Hong Kong. A forward-looking drone policy that considers their commercial 關法規方面，主要(如非完全)著眼於對安全 一輪研究和檢討後，民航處於2017年12 potential may help our local industry 問題的考慮。 月提出了一系列的修訂，以期更有效地 take flight. n 對無人機之飛行作出監管，並減輕商用 另一方面，其他有意開發無人機產業所蘊 無人機操作員的行政負擔。
www.hk-lawyer.org 45 • February 2018
現行的無人機法例 得利用無人機將物件投放到地面上； c. 該土地/財產擁有人的書面同意； 目前，所有的無人機擁有者或操作員 • 在放飛無人機前，除非操作員能夠確 及 均須遵守《1995年飛航(香港)令》(第 定，該無人機的返航及降落機制於機 d. 一份已充足投保的保險單副本。 448C章)(下稱「該命令」)之規定。該 件發生故障，或是其任何控制系統受 3. 向民航處提交「使用飛機提供航空服 命令第48條訂明，任何人不得「罔顧或 干擾時仍能妥善運作，否則不得放飛 務許可證的申請－無人駕駛飛機系統 疏忽地導致或容讓任何飛航器對他人或 無人機。 (無人機系統) 」 。 財產造成危害」。除了該項不得對他人 為商業目的或賺取報酬而進行的無人機 4. 操作員必須事先取得「通訊事務管 或財產造成危害的一般性禁令外，商用 放飛行動，必須事先獲得民航處的審批 理局辦公室」對使用無線電頻率的同 無人機的操作員還需要參照民航處所發 同意。該審批程序涉及多個步驟： 意，並須確保不會對航空交通操作和 出，對操作重量超過7公斤(不計燃料)之 1. 無人機操作員倘若未取得上述同意， 航空導航設備造成干擾。 無人機所作出的指引(該指引可透過下 他/她必須首先獲得由民航處發出的 列網址閱覽：http://www.cad.gov.hk/ 在取得一切相關許可後，無人機操作員 註冊證明書和適航證明書，以證明該 english/Unmanned_Aircraft_Systems. 應當在每次放飛前和結束放飛後，給予 無人機確實處於適航狀況(根據該命 html)。 民航處／機場控制塔台當值監督通知。 令第3、7、100條的規定)。此舉涉 此外，無人機操作員必須妥為保存每次 除其他事項外，該指引規定： 及須向民航處提交兩份獨立申請表( 放飛的記錄，並在民航處提出要求時， • 只可在日間放飛無人機，並必須將其 參見第DCA 99號表格(申請飛機註冊) 向該處提供有關資料。 維持在操作員的視線範圍內； ，以及第DCA 46D號表格(申請適航 由於無人機的註冊/審批程序較為繁複， 證明書))，而有關的操作員必須透過 • 操作員在某地方操作無人機之前，必 因此有許多證據顯示，一些商用無人機 該等表格，提供其所操作的無人機之 須事先獲得有關土地或物業之擁有人 的操作員(其工作經常受天氣和完工期限 詳細資料、以往的操作記錄，以及該 的同意，並必須進行飛行地點安全評 等難以預計的變化所影響)甘冒受懲罰的 操作員的個人資料。 估(如民航處提出要求，操作員必須 風險，而選擇不遵守有關的申請程序。 向該處提交相關安全評估資料)； 2. 當操作員完成了無人機的註冊手續， 此外，規定商用無人機操作員必須在其 並取得有關的適航證明書後，他需要 • 一般而言，不得在任何機場(包括： 擬進行放飛的日期之前，事先提交與是 在無人機放飛當天的至少28個工作日 香港國際機場、信德直升機場、石崗 次放飛有關的詳細資料，這也許會與現 前，向民航處提交一份申請表及其他 機場)的5公里範圍內操作無人機； 實商業情況不符(比如說，負責錄像製作 支持文件 (https://e-submission.cad. 的工作人員，其接獲工作任務通知的時 • 無人機的放飛高度，不可以距離地面 gov.hk/&common/cad/fcballon.nsf/ 間，通常只有一至兩個星期)。 超過300呎； uas?openform) ，以取得對有關飛行 • 不得在任何人士、船隻、車輛或構築 的核准。該申請表的其中一個目的， 為香港制訂無人機策略 物的上空，或其50公尺範圍內放飛 是要證明該無人機將會由「合資格」 民航處委託了一家顧問公司，就如何更 無人機，除非該等人士、船隻、車輛 的駕駛員負責操作(民航處目前認可 有效管制無人機的放飛進行研究，以作 或構築物受無人機操作員的監控(但 由英國發出的BNUC-S無人機駕駛員 為持續更新現行法例之工作的一部分。 無人機起飛或降落時，除了是該無人 認證)。有關的支持文件包括： 去年12月，民航處匯報了從該項研究所 機的操作員或與該次操作有關的人士 a. 擬議的飛行路線； 得出的一些主要建議，而當中提出了若 外，不得讓無人機在任何其他人士的 干初步意見： b. 操作手冊－它涵蓋所有擬進行的 上空或他們的30公尺範圍內飛行)； 飛行操作所應當遵守的程序，而它 1. 建立一個關於無人機及其操作員的網 • 如果地面的風速超過20海里，任何人 也是民航處所要求提供的一份重要 上註冊系統； 士不得放飛無人機(民航處亦規定， 參考資料。民航處會參照該操作手 2. 將無人機所涉及的風險，分為三個不 無人機的操作員必須配備手提風速 冊，評估該擬議的飛行其可行性和 同風險類別：「低風險」(無人機重 表，以監測現場的地面風速)； 安全性，然後再決定是否發出許可 量少於250克)；「中度風險」(無人 • 無人機的操作範圍必須由其操作員完 證，並預期該名操作員將會按照該 機重量介乎250克至7公斤之間)；及 全掌控，而起飛和着陸的地點，亦必 手冊的相關規定來進行無人機放飛 「高風險」(無人機重量超過7公斤)， 須與公眾地方妥為分隔； (參見：http://www.cad.gov.hk/ 而每一個風險類別，將決定每一架無 reports/UAS_operations_manual. • 無人機不得裝載任何危險物品，亦不 人機所須遵守的註冊規定及其飛行參 pdf);
46 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • AVIATION LAW 航空法
數(這一以風險為本機制，有別於現 一名操作員同時操控多架無人機。 私隱問題 時所實行的以目的為本機制－即是： 聯邦航空管理局明確知悉，該等規 另一個未被重新廣泛檢視的監管領域－是 不論無人機的大小，在進行商用無人 則有助推動商用無人機產業的發展方 個人私隱領域。事實上，許多司法管轄區( 機放飛之前，一律須獲得民航處的事 向。事實上，生產無人機的企業現時 包括香港)在處理無人機所構成的潛在威脅 先批准)； 已可通過取得聯邦航空管理局的特別 方面，仍然依賴現行的私隱法例。 3. 規定無人機的操作員必須接受適當培 豁免，而免除遵守《第107部》的規 在香港，所有無人機操作員均必須遵守 訓和投購相關保險(具體的要求，須 定，前提是它們必須能夠證明，其所 《個人資料(私隱)條例》(第486章)。然 與無人機的風險類別相稱)。 擬進行的操作將可安全地進行，並符 而，該條例在草擬時，並沒有將遙控照相 民航處所作的修訂，大致上是參照美國 合一些額外標準。該等豁免所附加的 機納入考慮範圍。為了彌補這一缺口，「 在無人機方面的相關規定，而美國的聯 額外安全規定包括：相關人士如要獲 個人資料私隱專員公署」在2015年3月發 邦航空管理局(下稱「聯邦航空管理局」) 得在夜間進行放飛的豁免，便必須在 出了《閉路電視監察及使用航拍機指引》 亦設立了一個無人機註冊和標識系統－ 無人機上安裝可於三哩外察覺到的照 (參見https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/ 那是一個以網絡為基礎的註冊系統，將 明燈，並且須為有關的無人機操作員 resources_centre/publications/files/GN_ 所有無人機涵蓋在內(不論其用途為何) 提供夜間放飛訓練。 CCTV_Drones_e.pdf)。該指引提醒無人機 ，而那亦是進行無人機操作所必須符合 這一豁免制度，為聯邦航空管理局 操作員(即負責操作該些配有照相機裝置的 的一個先決條件。非閒暇用途無人機的 提供一個有效途徑，使其得以在相關 無人機的操作人員)，他們須受《個人資 擁有者，必須向聯邦航空管理局提供其 的新規定付諸實施以前先進行有關 料(私隱)條例》(包括當中的「資料保護原 姓名、地址(包括電郵地址)、無人機製造 測試，從而獲得對該等監管的專門認 則」)所規管，並負有尊重個人私隱的責 商、模型名稱和序列編號。所提交的資 識。目前已有一些機構在這方面取得 任。此外，該指引亦就錄像、處理所拍攝 料，將會存放在一個對公眾開放的數據 了優勢：美國的新聞機構CNN於2017 的圖像、保留，以及為圖像傳輸加密等方 庫中(但個人的姓名和地址，只供聯邦航 年10月成功地就其商用無人機操作牌 面提供指引。然而，該等指引並不具備法 空管理局和執法機構查閱)。此外，為了 照取得了豁免，讓其無人機得以在戶 律效力，故政府在評估該等涉及無人機的 促使相關人士遵守無人機放飛的相關規 外的人群聚集地方(不論其擁擠程度如 公共罪行時，仍必須以《個人資料(私隱) 定，這些人士如果並無註冊，又或是並 何)上空放飛，飛行高度最高可達150 條例》或其他現行法例作為依據。 無適當地為無人機進行標識，他們最高 呎。 現行的資料私隱保護制度是否應當、以及 可能會被判罰款25萬美元，又或是被判 香港的現行法例與民航處所提出的修 應如何發展，從而應付無人機對私隱所帶 監最多三年。 訂建議，皆沒有明確制裁或禁止屬於 來的挑戰，這在未來數年仍然有待觀察。 發揮商業潛力 試驗性質的無人機放飛。直至今天， 制訂新的無人機管理法規，從而促進相關 技術和產業的潛在發展，無疑將能令香港 聯邦航空管理局除了其註冊系統外，它 我們仍然不大清楚，在批准無人機為 受惠。一項具有前瞻性，並能夠充分考慮 的《小型無人飛機規例》(《第107部》) 新的商業應用而進行測試，民航處對 無人機所具備的商業潛力的政策，定必有 ，也是許多欲規管商用無人機飛行之司 此的取態是如何。由於民航處所提出 助我們的本地產業蓬勃起飛。 法管轄區所參照的模式。該規例容許 的修訂建議將會進行公眾諮詢(預計會 n 擁有遙控駕駛員證書(如要取得這項證 在年中完成)，因此如果民航處能夠向 書，申請人必須通過一個測試，並須繳 傳統航空業界以外的持份 交150美元的測試費用)的人士，可於下 者徵詢意見，這將會 述情況放飛商業用無人機：白天；操作 是明智之舉。來自 員的視線範圍內；該處為不受管制的空 無人機專家、軟件 域；以及，該無人機不會飛越沒有參與 公司和終端用戶等各 操作它的人士的上空。聯邦航空管理局 方面的綜合知識和 目前正在制定一些於未來執行的規則， 經驗，將有助提 就無人機在人群上空飛行(亦即在擁擠的 高我們對無人機 區域內飛行)及無人機的遠距離辨識作出 潛在用途的了解， 規管。此外，聯邦航空管理局亦計劃進 並有助我們識別技術 一步制定與下列情況有關的規則：夜間 和基礎設施方面的限制。 飛行；在較長的距離操作；以及，由單
www.hk-lawyer.org 47 • February 2018
When the Mareva Fails – Recourse against Third Parties
By Jonathan D. Wong, Senior Associate Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer Dr. Peter H. Chang, Knowledge Lawyer Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer
he Mareva, or freezing injunction Coupled with orders to disclose assets, with issues such as multi-entity and has for many years now been the Mareva injunction is inevitably high potentially complex corporate structures, Ta ‘stable and sharp knife’ in a on the menu of options presented to fund transfers and beneficial ownerships; litigator’s drawer, the potency of which clients when faced with a potentially the Mareva also has to be served on was amply recognized by Donaldson questionable Defendant. The advent the right entities (particularly banks) LJ as “one of the law’s two ‘nuclear of internet and email fraud cases has and those entities have to effectively weapons’“ in Bank Mellat v. Nikpour also seen urgent Marevas increasingly implement the terms of the order. A (Mohammed Ebrahim) [1985] FSR 87 deployed to secure and recover monies failure or omission at any of these levels CA, the other being the Anton Piller before they travel beyond the reach of an could mean the ‘nuclear option’ ends up order. His Lordship’s description is a unlucky transferor. a damp squib. fair one: the Mareva is intrusive in terms Yet with the speed at which international The recent case of Grasberg Capital of interference with the Defendant’s fund transfers can now be effected, Asia Ltd v. Bank of Communications Ltd propriety rights and potentially even an urgent Mareva often comes [2017] HKCFI 2013 (13 November 2017) oppressive due to its pre-judgment and too late to secure assets. In the event (‘Grasberg’) revisits some of these issues: ex parte nature, as well as the penal that the Mareva has been obtained in namely the extent of the duty owed by a notice of contempt of Court in the event time, a Plaintiff still needs to contend recipient (in this case, a third-party bank of the breach of the order.
48 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LITIGATION 訴 訟
which held funds purportedly beneficially correspondingly prevent Defendants 16 of Appendix 11 to the Commercial owned by the Defendant) to give effect from frustrating a judgment by disposing Court Guide of England and Wales) the order, as well as the more practical of assets in anticipation of litigation unequivocally extends the penal question of civil liability when the Mareva going against them. consequences for breach of the order to fails to prevent dissipation. a bank, or other third party: The judicial language ordering a Mareva The origins, effect and scope of a injunction has developed since the “THIRD PARTIES Mareva injunction eponymous case and Practice Direction (1) Effect of this Order. It is a contempt 11.2 sets out the standard form which is The Hong Kong Court of First Instance of court for any person notified of this widely used. The typical order given in is empowered under s. 21L(1) of the Order knowingly to assist in or permit a Hong Kong case is broadly worded, High Court Ordinance (Cap. 4) to “grant a breach of this Order. Any person prohibiting the removal, disposition, or an injunction … in all cases in which it doing so may by imprisoned, fined, or diminishment in value of assets (whether appears to the Court of First Instance to have his assets seized.” in the Defendant’s own name, or solely be just or convenient to do so”. or jointly owned) up to a specified However, what civil recourse, if any, does Although the existence of such wide- value; if possible, specific assets may the Plaintiff actually have against a third ranging provision was traceable to the be particularised. Discovery orders, party in the event that the third party has 19th century (s. 21L(1) being a materially requiring disclosure of assets above failed to effectively enforce the order? faithful reproduction of s. 25(8) of the a certain amount, are also generally In Grasberg, the Plaintiff obtained a Judicature Act of 1873), the Mareva as tacked-on. Mareva injunction against the Defendant we know it today has its roots in the The scope of Mareva injunctions has also and served the injunctive order on the one-page judgment of Lord Denning expanded, and the Hong Kong Court bank at which certain of Defendant’s MR (as he was then), in Nippon Yusen has jurisdiction to grant a “worldwide” assets were held (the ‘Bank’). It appears Kaisha v. Karageorgis and another [1975] Mareva to freeze assets located both that the Defendant was nonetheless able 3 All ER 282 (22 May 1975). Relying on s. locally and abroad, in support of Hong to make certain withdrawals from various 25(8) of the Judicature Act, his Lordship Kong proceedings or foreign proceedings accounts held at the Bank, which were granted an injunction in favour of a ship (albeit it would be unusual to obtain in the names of companies beneficially owner against charterers, in respect of a worldwide injunction in Hong Kong owned by the Plaintiff (the ‘Accounts’). the funds that the charterers held with in support of foreign proceedings). The Plaintiff consequently brought a certain banks in London, such that “[o]n This renders the Mareva injunction a tortious claim alleging that the Bank notice being given, the banks, of course, potentially potent tool in cross-border had breached the duty owed towards will not part with the money.” disputes, albeit more so where the the Plaintiff to take reasonable care in One month later (23 June 1975), Lord Defendant has some sort of Hong Kong complying with the Mareva injunction, Denning MR, in Mareva Compania nexus or assets, so that the order fastens thereby causing the Plaintiff economic Naviera SA v. International Bulkcarriers directly. loss. The issue before Master Chan of SA [1980] 1 All ER 213, granted another the Court of First Instance was whether asset-freezing injunction in favour of ship Some practical considerations to strike out the Plaintiff’s tortious claim owners against charterers: and the Grasberg case against the Bank for want of duty of care at common law. “There is money in a bank in London The elephant in the room, at least for which stands in the name of these present purposes, is how a Mareva is The learned Master found that there charterers. The charterers have control enforced in practice and who carries the was no such duty of care and concluded ofy it. The may at any time dispose of can when things go wrong. (relying on the opinions of the House of it or remove it out of this country. If The effectiveness of a Mareva injunction Lords in Her Majesty’s Commissioners they do so, the shipowners may never depends on adherence to the order of Customs and Excise v. Barclays Bank get their charter hire… I think this court by persons and entities which hold Plc [2006] UKHL 28 (‘Barclays’)) that it ought to grant an injunction to restrain the assets subject to the order. This would not be fair, just and reasonable to the charterers from disposing of these includes third-party banks at which the impose such duty on the bank. Master moneys now in the bank in London until Defendant holds funds. Chan observed that unlike in Barclays the trial or judgment in this action.” (where the House of Lords in any event The judicially-approved standard form found in favour of the bank, reversing Thus, the Mareva was born – to freeze in Practice Direction 11.2 mentioned the unanimous judgement of the Court assets for the benefit of Plaintiffs above (which is identical to paragraph of Appeal), that the broadly drafted should they succeed in their action, and
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Mareva injunction in Grasberg did not reliance on the Court being “the only committal proceedings against, say, a even specify the account numbers of the remedy that the law provided”; director of the bank, in respect of failure Accounts. c) Intended compliance by the Bank to ensure enforcement. That said, such proceedings, even if successful, may The learned Master unequivocally in favour of the Court: the Mareva be of cold and very little monetary followed and cited with approval the “jurisdiction … is enforceable only comfort to the Plaintiff. In cross border law Lords’ speeches in Barclays. It is by the Court’s power to punish disputes, where the party holding the therefore worth examining the reasoning those who break its orders” and assets may not even be in Hong Kong, in that case, noting that although the the fact that the “documentation the commencement of committal House of Lords reached the unanimous issued by the Court does not hint at proceedings are likely to be of even outcome that the Bank owed no duty the existence of any other remedy” more limited practical effect. of care towards the Plaintiff, each of means that “the only duty owed by the five law Lords sought to advance a notified party is to the Court” – in A ray of hope for a Plaintiff in such a an individual opinion, possibly due to a any event, if the Mareva order is taken situation is offered by the observations perceived need to justify reversal of the to be akin to a statutory duty, then of Lord Bingham in Barclays, where Court of Appeal’s judgment. Rather than the situation is “comparable with his Lordship states that the power to going over each law Lord’s reasoning in the question whether a statutory punish for contempt could not have turn, we have drawn out the common duty can generate a common law been a mere “paper tiger [as] illustrated themes that emerge from the different duty of care … [and t]he answer is by the judgment of Colman J in Z Bank speeches: it cannot: see Gorringe v. Calderdale v D1 and others [1994] 1 Lloyd’s Rep Metropolitan Borough Council [2004] 656”. In that case, the Court granted a) No voluntary assumption of 1 WLR 1057”, as the Mareva order an order of sequestration of assets responsibility by the Bank: the Bank “carries its own remedies and its against a bank that exhibited a high does not assume any responsibility reach does not extend any further”; degree of negligence in complying with towards the Plaintiff as the referee a Mareva order, although suspended the in Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v. Heller d) A higher degree of sequestration order for 14 days, pending & Partner (but for the disclaimer) blameworthiness is required on the bank’s reconstitution of the funds had assumed, as any responsibility the Bank’s part: in contrast to the that had been allowed to be depleted requiring compliance on the part of Defendant’s duty of compliance contrary to a Mareva order. the Bank arising from the Mareva under the standard form Mareva injunction is “thrusted upon” the order, which is one of strict liability, It is notable also that Lord Walker, who Bank – the relationship between the the Bank cannot breach the Mareva is one of the current non-permanent Bank and the Plaintiff is nowhere order without first having attained a judges of the Hong Kong Court of being “equivalent to contract” as higher degree of mens rea, namely Final Appeal, appeared to be the least required for a duty of care to arise “knowingly to assist” – indeed, “it sympathetic law Lord towards the bank under Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v. Heller would a strange and anomalous in Barclays, noting: & Partner, given that “the essence outcome if an action in negligence lay “[I]f this issue affected only banks, I of any contract is voluntariness against a notified party who allowed would be slow to conclude that there and the Bank’s position was wholly the horse to escape from the stable could never be liability for carelessly involuntary”; but not against the owner who rode it out.” failing to comply with a freezing b) No reliance on the Bank: the order. Banks are already subject Plaintiff, if wishing to freeze the Both the House of Lords and the to strict regulation and potential Defendant’s bank account, cannot learned Master struck out the respective sanctions in connection with money- do so without the Court’s assistance, Plaintiffs’ claims as disclosing no laundering and similar activities. which in turn means that having reasonable cause of action for want of They are enjoined to know their frozen the Defendant’s bank account duty of care. customers. … There is a public interest and notified the Bank, the Plaintiff What then for the Plaintiff? in banks responding with particular may “expect”, but not “rely on”, the care, promptness and vigilance to Bank to respect the Mareva order The law, as it stands today, is reasonably any freezing order obtained by HM and, instead, “relies on the Court clear: a recipient bank does not owe a Revenue and Customs.” n ensuring that the [B]ank does not duty to a Plaintiff to ensure enforcement flout its order and punishing the [B] of a Mareva injunction. ank for contempt if it does” – such It is still open to a Plaintiff to commence
50 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LITIGATION 訴 訟
馬雷瓦強制令未能有效執行時 － 向第三方作出追索
作者 Jonathan D. Wong 高級律師 富而德律師事務所 Peter H. Chang博士 知識律師 富而德律師事務所
年以來，馬雷瓦強制令 無可避免地都會建議其當事人運用馬雷瓦 近期的一宗案例 Grasberg Capital Asia Ltd (Mareva injunction，又稱「 強制令(另加要求披露資產的命令)。鑒於 v. Bank of Communications Ltd [2017] 多資產凍結令」)是一把供訴 涉及互聯網和電子郵件的詐騙案件日漸增 HKCFI 2013 (13 November 2017) 訟人員運用的「堅實利劍」，Donaldson 多，使用馬雷瓦強制令以確保款項能夠及 (‘Grasberg’)，重新就這方面的若干爭 LJ 在 Bank Mellat v. Nikpour (Mohammed 時追回而不致被轉移的情況也日益普遍。 議點進行探討，也就是：被送達強制令的 Ebrahim) [1985] FSR 87 CA 一案中，形 一方(在該案中，指一家第三方銀行，它 然而，隨著國際資金轉移的速度日趨加 容它的威力是兩件「法律核武」中的其 被指持有據稱由被告人實益擁有的款項) 快，故有時即使獲得法庭頒發緊急馬雷瓦 中一件；另一件法律核武則為「安東皮 ，它在遵從該強制令方面，須承擔甚麼程 強制令，但亦經常難以避免資產被轉移。 勒命令」(Anton Piller order)。Donaldson 度的責任；以及，當有關的馬雷瓦強制令 即使及時獲得法庭頒發馬雷瓦強制令，但 LJ的這一說法並無不妥，因為：馬雷 未能防止相關資產流失時，將涉及甚麼民 原告人仍然需要克服許多其他問題，包 瓦強制令可對被告人享有的「所有權權 事法律責任此等較為實際的問題。 括：有關案件涉及多過實體、當中可能存 利」作出干預，具有相當大的侵入性。 在複雜的企業架構、資金轉移、以及實益 此外，馬雷瓦強制令本身可以在作出判 馬雷瓦強制令的起源、效力和實 所有權等各項問題；原告人需要將馬雷瓦 決前和以單方面形式行使，對另一方構 施範圍 強制令送達給適當的實體(尤其是銀行)， 成重大壓力，任何人違反這項命令，有 根據《高等法院條例》(第4章)第21L(1) 並須由這些實體有效地執行該強制令的條 被控以藐視法庭之虞。 條，香港原訟法庭獲得授予權力，可「在 款。只要在任何一方面出現缺失或遺漏， 原訟法庭覺得如此行事是公正或適宜的所 如果發現被告人有任何可疑之處，律師 都有可能導致這件「核武」失效。 有情況下，授予強制令……。」
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儘管該項涉及範圍甚廣的條文，其出處 在一般情況下，亦會同時作出須對在若 的數家公司之名義開立的(下稱「帳戶」) 可追溯至19世紀(第21L(1)條主要複製自 干金額以上的資產作出披露的透露命令 。原告人其後向該銀行提出侵權申索，指 1873年的Judicature Act第25(8)條)，但 (Discovery orders)。 該銀行在遵從有關的馬雷瓦強制令方面， 就我們今天所知，馬雷瓦強制令的起源， 沒有履行其應盡責任和採取合理的謹慎措 馬雷瓦強制令的適用範圍亦已有所擴大， 關乎Lord Denning MR在Nippon Yusen 施，以致原告人蒙受經濟損失。原訟法庭 香港法院有權頒發在「全球」實施的馬雷 Kaisha v. Karageorgis and another [1975] 的Master Chan(聆案官)所須審理的爭議 瓦強制令，凍結位處本港或海外的資產， 3 All ER 282 (22 May 1975) 一案中僅 點是：應否就原告人指該銀行沒有履行在 以支援該等在香港或外地進行的訴訟程序 有一頁的判詞。Lord Denning MR根據 普通法下的謹慎責任，剔除其向該銀行所 (儘管香港法院頒發一項於全球實施的強 Judicature Act第25(8)條頒發一項強制 提出的侵權申索。 制令，從而支援在外地進行的訴訟程序， 令，批准一名船東所提出的要求，將船隻 這一做法並不常見)。這情況讓馬雷瓦強 Master Chan裁定該銀行不需要履行有關 租用人在倫敦數家銀行所存放的款項凍 制令在跨境爭議方面，得以作為一項潛在 的謹慎責任，並指出假如銀行必須履行這 結，從而「促使該些接獲有關通知的銀 的有力工具(被告人在香港若擁有某種聯 項責任，這將會是不公正、不公平和不合 行，提防該等款項被人提走」。 繫或資產，情況更是如此)，並讓其得以 理的(根據英國上議院在Her Majesty’s 一個月後(1975年6月23日)，Lord 更有效地發揮其功用。 Commissioners of Customs and Excise Denning MR在Mareva Compania Naviera v. Barclays Bank Plc [2006] UKHL 28 SA v. International Bulkcarriers SA [1980] 若干實際考慮因素及Grasberg案 (下稱‘Barclays’) 一案中所作的評論) 1 All ER 213一案中，頒發另一項針對 現時我們好像無視一個問題，那就是：馬 。Master Chan認為我們不能將Grasberg 船隻租用人並有利於案中船東的資產 雷瓦強制令可以如何落實執行？如果出了 與Barclays 一案(上議院在這宗案件中，推 凍結令： 問題，誰人需要承擔責任？ 翻了英國上訴法院所曾作出的一致裁決， 並裁定案中的銀行勝訴)相提並論，理由 「倫敦的一家銀行裡，存放了一筆 馬雷瓦強制令是否能夠有效執行，這須視 是Grasberg涉及一項內容寬泛的馬雷瓦強 在該等船隻租用人名下的款項。該 乎持有相關資產並須遵守該命令的人士和 制令，當中甚至沒有清楚列明有關銀行帳 等船隻租用人對該筆款項擁有控制 實體會否遵從有關命令而定，而當中包括 戶的號碼。 權，可隨時對它們加以處置，又 被告人之款項存放於該處的第三方銀行。 或是將其轉移往海外。倘若如此實 上文提及的《實務指示》第11.2項所載的 Master Chan明確遵從及援引上議院法官 行，這些船東便永無取回其船租之 該份獲司法認可的標準表格(其內容類似 在Barclays一案所作的裁決。因此，仔細 日……本席認為，法庭必須頒發強 英格蘭及威爾斯的《商事法庭指引》附錄 檢視該案的裁決理據，可為我們帶來相當 制令，限制船隻租用人處置該筆目 11第16段)，明確地將違反該項命令所導 大的幫助，並且我們從中可以察覺到，儘 前存放於該家倫敦銀行的款項，直 致的被懲處後果，延伸至銀行或其他第三 管上議院一致裁定，該銀行不須對原告人 至法庭對有關訴訟展開審訊或作出 方： 履行謹慎責任，但該院的五名大法官也許 裁決為止。」 認為，他們需要就其推翻上訴法院的判決 「第三方 提供理據，因此各人都提出了自己的見 馬雷瓦強制令亦由此產生－即是說，原告 本命令的效力。任何就本命令接獲有關 解。雖然我們未能將該五名大法官的判詞 人若取得勝訴，被告人擁有的資產便可予 通知的人士，如果蓄意協助或容許他人 逐一臚列，但也在下文整理了從他們的發 以凍結，以免他在預期自己將會敗訴的情 違反該命令，此舉屬於藐視法庭，而作 言中所顯示的一些共同看法： 況下，預先對自己的資產作出處置，以致 出此等干犯行為的人，有可能會被判監 法庭的判決無法落實執行。 a) 該銀行並不自願承擔責任：該銀行並 禁、罰款、或予以沒收資產。」 非有如Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v. Heller 馬雷瓦強制令這一司法用語，自該案之後 然而，假如某第三方並無有效地執行該命 & Partner一案中的諮詢人所需承擔的 日漸通行，而《實務指示》第11.2項所 令，原告人對該第三方享有如何的民事追 責任一般(若非有卸責聲明的話)，須 載的標準表格亦被廣泛採用。香港法院所 索權利呢？ 對原告人承擔責任，因為假如規定該 頒發的馬雷瓦強制令，其涵蓋範圍相當廣 在Grasberg一案中，原告人取得了針對被 銀行必須遵從有關的馬雷瓦強制令， 泛，可禁止移離、處置、或縮減相關資 告人的馬雷瓦強制令，並將該命令送達一 這將會對它構成一種負擔－銀行與原 產的價值(不論其是否在被告人的名下， 家持有被告人若干資產的銀行(下稱「該 告人之間的關係，絕不可以說是「相 或是否由他個人或與其他人共同擁有)， 銀行」)。但結果是，被告人仍可從他在 當於合約」(從而產生 Hedley Byrne & 達至某一個特定的價值；如可能的話， 該銀行所開設的各個帳戶中，將其存款提 Co Ltd v. Heller & Partner一案之下的 原告人可具體列明各項特定資產。此外， 走，而該些帳戶，是以原告人實益擁有 謹慎責任)，因為「自願性質是任何合
52 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LITIGATION 訴 訟
約的訂立要件，而該銀行的情況卻完 d. 該銀行須承擔更高程度的過失責任： 面對此等情況，Lord Bingham在Barclays 全屬於非自願」； 有別於在馬雷瓦強制令的標準表格 一案中所作的評論，也許仍能給予原告人 b) 不得對該銀行作出依賴：原告人如欲 下，被告人所須履行的遵從責任(那是 一絲寄望。Lord Bingham指出，對藐視法 凍結被告人的銀行帳戶，便必須先尋 一項嚴格法律責任)，該銀行必須已達 庭行為作出懲處的權力，並不能像是「一 求法庭的濟助，這意謂：當被告人的 至具有較高程度的犯罪意圖(即是說， 頭紙老虎，有如Colman J在 Z Bank v D1 銀行帳戶被法庭下令凍結，及當銀 「在明知的情況下提供協助」)，才 and others [1994] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 656一 行接獲有關的通知後，原告人可「期 可以被指違反了馬雷瓦強制令 －事 案的裁決中所指出的一般」。在該案中， 望」，但不可「依賴」銀行尊重該馬 實上，「如果有關的疏忽訴訟，是向 法庭對一家在遵從馬雷瓦強制令方面，看 雷瓦強制令；相反，「原告人是依 接獲通知的一方(它容許馬匹從馬廄逃 來存在嚴重疏忽的銀行發出了一項資產扣 賴法庭去確保該銀行不會藐視該項命 脫)，而非向將該匹馬騎走的馬主提 押令，但法庭同時下令延緩執行該資產扣 令，而假如銀行不予遵從的話，法庭 起，這結果會令人實在覺得稀奇。」 押令14天，好讓該銀行能夠將那些在其 可對其施加懲處」－原告人對法庭所 上議院及Master Chan分別將其案件中的 違反馬雷瓦強制令的情況下被提走的款項 作的此等依賴，實乃「法例所提供的 原告人所提出的申索剔除，理由是他們未 重新填補。 唯一濟助」； 能顯示，案中存在基於未能履行謹慎責任 值得注意的是，上議院法官Lord Walker( c) 銀行須遵從法庭的指示：馬雷瓦強制 而產生的合理訴訟因由。 其中文名稱是華學佳勳爵，現為香港終 令所具有的「司法權力……只可以由 審法院的非常任法官)看來是對Barclays一 原告人面對如何境況？ 法庭行使，法庭有權懲罰違反該項命 案所涉及的銀行寄予最少同情的一位法 在今天看來，該等法例是合理和清晰的： 令的人」，而「法庭所發出的文件， 官。Lord Walker指出： 接獲有關通知的銀行，無須向原告人履行 並沒有顯示有其他濟助可供援引」 「如果該問題只會對銀行造成影響，我 任何責任，確保某項馬雷瓦強制令將得到 ，這意味著，「接獲有關通知的一方 不會倉卒地作出結論稱：因為不小心而 有效執行。 只須向法庭履行其責任」－ 不論如 沒有遵守資產凍結令，並不存在任何法 何，如果馬雷瓦強制令被視為有若成 原告人在今天仍有權就銀行未能確保馬雷 律責任方面的問題。銀行現時在針對清 文法下的責任，這情況便「等同於問 瓦強制令的執行，向比如說，該銀行的一 洗黑錢和其他類似的活動方面，面對極 大家：成文法下的責任，是否可以產 名董事提起交付審訊的法律程序。然而， 為嚴格的法律監督和可能懲處，因此它 生普通法的謹慎責任……[而]答案是 即使該項訴訟獲得勝訴，對於原告人而 們必須明確知悉其客戶的狀況……任 否定的：參見 Gorringe v. Calderdale 言，那也只是一種聊勝於無的安慰，難以 何由英國稅務海關總署 (HM Revenue Metropolitan Borough Council [2004] 取得任何實質金錢利益。如果涉及跨境爭 and Customs)取得的資產凍結令，銀行 1 WLR 1057一案」，因為馬雷瓦強 議，持有資產的一方甚至可能並非身處香 均必須以謹慎、迅速和警惕的態度來應 制令「含有自身的濟助方法，而它所 港，在這情況下，提起交付審訊的法律程 對，以符合社會大眾的利益。」 n 延伸的範圍亦僅止於此」； 序所能夠產生的實際作用將更為有限。
www.hk-lawyer.org 53 • February 2018
Too Good to Miss? Impossible to Consent? Rethinking the Law Related to Assaults
By Foster Yim, Barrister-at-law Liberty Chambers
hen a client is being charged Background common assault but not for cases with common assault and of AOABH and wounding or GBH: R Common assault (which includes two there is a binding over option v. Brown [1994] 1 A.C. 212 (‘Brown’) W separate common law offences of assault offered, is it simply too good to miss? adopted by the Hong Kong Court of and battery: Fagan v. Commissioner of It is also trite law that any other non- Appeal in R v. Yuen Chong & Another Police of the Metropolis [1969] 1 Q.B. 439; fatal, non-sexual offences against the [1996] HKEC 204, the Court of First [1968] 3 All ER 422), assault occasioning person upper in the hierarchy—such Instance in香港特別行政區 訴 鄧永 actual bodily harm (‘AOABH’), and as assault occasioning actual bodily 義 [2015] CHKEC 607, save for the wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm; wounding or inflicting grievous exceptions listed in Attorney General’s harm (’GBH’) are punishable under ss. bodily harm—save for some established Reference (No. 6 of 1980) [1981] QB 715; 40, 39, 19 of the Offences Against the exceptions—are impossible to rely on 73 Cr App R 63, ie ”properly conducted Person Ordinance (’OAPO’), Cap. 212 consent as a defence (an imprecise way to lawful games and sports, lawful respectively, deriving from ss. 47 and put it for convenient sake). But, is it? In this chastisement or correction, reasonable 20 of the Offences Against the Person short note, this author is going to argue surgical interference, dangerous Act 1861 (’OAPA’), UK. It is an essential otherwise, relying on the jurisprudential exhibitions, etc (at 719, 66)”. The list was element for the prosecution to prove as well as socio-cultural developments in further expanded to include: horseplay the absence of consent in a charge of the past two decades. by R v. Jones [1986] 83 Cr. App. R. 375;
54 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • CRIMINAL LAW 刑 事 法
[1987] Crim. L.R. 123; body adornment freewill and victim vulnerability as has ”bound the hands of trial judges (knife tattooing) by R v. Wilson [1996] 2 the relevant considerations but also even in cases of relatively light injury”; Cr App R 241 (‘Wilson’); and hairdressing, considered harms in abstract. It is “[t]rial judges must be submissive to as argued by D.C. Ormerod in ‘Assault arbitrary to categorise one’s activity as decisions of the House of Lords. They occasioning actual bodily harm: whether lawful or unlawful, ”loosely based on cannot depart from decisions of the cutting off hair amounting to actual assessments about what is ‘normal’ highest appellate court because time bodily harm’, Criminal Law Review (2006) behaviour and what is not”. As a result, has moved on, or because new views 6, 528-530, based on DPP v. Smith ”criminality will depend on the somewhat have found acceptance, even in the Court [2006] EWHC 94 (Admin); [2006] 1 arbitrary assignment of the particular of Appeal” (Peter Murphy, ‘Flogging W.L.R. 1571 (DC). instance of activity to one category or the live complainants and dead horses: we other.” But the reality is—it is always hard may no longer need to be in bondage to Shouldn’t the position be to tell. For example, if both Mr. Wilson Brown‘, Criminal Law Review (2011), 10, changed? and his wife were sexually aroused during 758-765). But, once again, is it? Now, 24 years from the judgment of the body adornment, how would it be Mr. Murphy, the founding editor-in-chief Brown, public mores have changed so as counted? “Sado-masochistic sex” or of Blackstone’s Criminal Practice, Oxford: the corresponding legislations in other “body adornment”? The case result of OUP, thinks that ”there might be a way common law jurisdictions; shouldn’t it be Wilson might be entirely different! Hence, around it” (ibid) as the sado-masochism the right time for Hong Kong Courts and/ Professor Tolmie is of the view that the activity concerned in Brown is more an or the Law Reform Commission to revisit three-tiers of scrutiny approach in Lee by issue of sex than that of violence. Further, the issues? the New Zealand Court of Appeal is to be “[t]ime and public mores have moved on preferred: In a case this author handled, one of the since 1994. Indeed, even at the time of charges that the defendant faced was First ”where the accused intends or is Brown, a different view was canvassed” AOABH. The Defendant had pinched reckless as to actual bodily harm, the (ibid); Lord Slynn in his dissenting his semi-cohabited girlfriend during a consent of the victim is a defence” save judgment in Brown, at 280: row leaving bruises on her limbs. In his for the exception of fighting; ”I do not accept that it is right to take written closing, among other things, Second, “where grievous bodily harm is common assault as the sole category writer submitted that consent should intended or risked, public policy factors of assaults to which consent can be a be afforded to the defendant adopting might require the judge to withdraw the defence and to deny in respect of all the New Zealand (R v. Lee [2006] 22 defence of consent from the jury” after a other injuries. In the first place the range CRNZ 568 (CA (NZ)) (‘Lee’) and Australia weighting exercise of different competing of injuries which fall within actual bodily approach—firstly as the defendant values—such as social utility of an activity harm is wide…Further the same is true could have been charged with common vs the level of harm potentially caused; of wounding where the test is whether assault on the same set of facts - the personal autonomy vs vulnerability of the the skin is broken. I can see no significant prosecution’s choice of offence had victim—yet the presumption is in favour reasons for refusing consent as a defence literally deprived one’s available defence of consent to be available. for the lesser of the cases of actual bodily which is absurd in a way; secondly, the harm and wounding. New Zealand and Australia approach has Third, ”where death is intended or earned supports from eminent scholars, subjectively risked then no defence of Grievous bodily harm I accept to be such as Julia Tolmie (see her ‘Consent consent is available and there are no different by analogy with and as an to harmful assaults: the case for moving exceptions to this rule.” extension of the old cases on maiming. Accordingly, I accept that other than for away from category based decision Back to the case mentioned, the learned cases of grievous bodily harm or death, making’, Criminal Law Review (2012) Magistrate found that for the law as it is consent can be a defence.” [Note: The 9, 656-671)—alternatively, domestic in Hong Kong, Brown is to be followed. above dissenting view of Lord Slynn is violence without an aggravated nature Yet, he did not rule out the possibility of now widely accepted; many ideas of should be counted as one of those including domestic violence without an which have been incorporated into the Attorney General’s Reference (No.6 of aggravated nature as one of the “etc” present law reform of England (see: 1980) exceptions. provided in Attorney General’s Reference Consultation Paper No.134, Consent and In Professor Tolmie’s article, she argues (No.6 of 1980); only the facts of the Offences Against the Person, and Report that the level of harm which affords a case—that the relationship between No. 218, Offences Against the Person defence of consent was set too low in the defendant and the victim had only and General Principles). Also, a scoping Brown whereas in Australia and New lasted for around six months—render the exercise of the OAPA (antecedent of our Zealand, such was set to the level of analysis of such possibility unnecessary. OAPO)—aiming to achieve a hierarchy GBH. She criticises Brown’s category This is somewhat predictable! Perhaps, of offences correspondence with the based approach for being ‘problematic’ like the suggestion made by a circuit harm required to be intended or foreseen as it not only downplayed the role of judge in south-eastern circuit, Brown matches the harm done—has been
www.hk-lawyer.org 55 • February 2018
recommended by the Law Commission (decided prior to 1 July 1997) instead of in 2015, in which s. 20 and s. 47 offences, Brown. 不可錯失的良機？ common law assault and battery would Alternatively, it is submitted that be renamed and re-categorised together domestic violence without an 不可能同意？ with a new offence of ‘aggravated aggravated nature should be counted assault’ (see: Law Commission, Reform of as one of those Attorney General’s Offences against the Person, Law Com. 對襲擊罪相關法例 Reference (No.6 of 1980) exceptions. No. 361).] First, “[c]onsensual activity between And in Wilson, a case concerning a husband and wife, in the privacy of the 的再思 husband branded his initials on his wife’s matrimonial home, is not…normally a 作者 嚴康焯 大律師 buttocks with a hot knife albeit consented proper matter for criminal investigation, Liberty Chambers and instigated by the latter, Russell L.J. let alone criminal prosecution….”; said at 127 & 128: second, it is not uncommon, especially 事人若被控「普通襲擊」，並 ”There was no aggressive intent on the in matrimonial proceedings, for a part of the appellant. On the contrary, far party to use the allegation of being 獲准簽保守行為，是否不可錯 from wishing to cause injury to his wife, assaulted to achieve his/her ulterior 當失的良機？法律的向來規定 the appellant’s desire was to assist her in purposes—for example, circumvent the 是，任何其他對人身造成傷害，並屬於較 normal procedure of divorce petition by what she regarded as the acquisition of 高層級的非致命、非性侵罪行—例如：「 relying on either s. 3(1)(a) or (b) of the a desirable piece of personal adornment, 襲擊致造成實際身體傷害」；「傷人」； perhaps in this day and age no less Separation and Maintenance Orders 或「使他人身體受到嚴重傷害」等罪行， understandable than the piercing of Ordinance, Cap. 16 or to use the other nostrils or even tongues for the purposes party’s admitted brief facts when bound 除了一些已確立的例外情況外，都不能夠 of inserting decorative jewellery… over (too good to miss even if totally 以獲對方同意作為抗辯理由(這兒為方便緣 innocent taking in the risk of litigation 故而使用一個不太精確的表達方式)。然 For our part, we cannot detect any logical uncertainties) in his/her divorce 而，事實是否如此呢？本文作者嘗試參照 difference between what the appellant proceedings’ affirmation. Affording did and what might have done in the way consent as a defence of AOABH in 過去二十多年的法學與社會文化發展，提 of tattooing. The latter activity apparently domestic violence cases could help 出一個不同的看法。 requires no state authorisation, and the alleviate the kind of injustice depicted appellant was as free to engage in it as above. 背景 anyone else… 《侵害人身罪條例》(第212章)第40、39 Conclusion Does public policy or the public interest 、19條(源自英國的《1861年侵害人身罪 ”After 1 July 1997, in the new demand that the appellant’s activity 法》Offences Against the Person Act 1861 should be visited by the sanctions of constitutional order, it is of the (簡稱‘OAPA’) 第47 及20條)規定，「普 the criminal law? The majority view in greatest importance that the courts Brown clearly took the view that such in Hong Kong should continue to 通襲擊」(當中包含襲擊 與毆打這兩種相互 considerations were relevant. If that is so, derive assistance from overseas 獨立的普通法罪行：Fagan v. Commissioner then we are firmly of the opinion that it jurisprudence.”: Solicitor (24/07) v Law of Police of the Metropolis [1969] 1 Q.B. Society of Hong Kong [2008] 11 HKCFAR is not in the public interest that activities 439；[1968] 3 All ER 422)、「襲擊致造 117. Now, 24 years after the decision of such as the appellant’s in this appeal 成實際身體傷害」、「傷人」或「使他人 should amount to criminal behaviour. Brown, legislations and/or case law in 身體受到嚴重傷害」，都屬於可施予懲罰 Consensual activity between husband Australia and New Zealand have all and wife, in the privacy of the matrimonial assigned an expanded application of 的罪行。控方如須就「普通襲擊」(不包括 home, is not, in our judgment, normally a consent in the context of non-fatal, non- 「襲擊致造成實際身體傷害」、「傷人」 proper matter for criminal investigation, sexual assaults. It should be the right 、或「使他人身體受到嚴重傷害」)提出 time for Hong Kong Courts to revisit the let alone criminal prosecution….”If the 檢控，一項基本要素是：必須能夠證明受 issues. Surely, “[a]t the end of the day, view of Murphy J is right—that “the Court 害人沒有作出同意：上訴法庭在R v. Yuen of Appeal has hinted strongly that Brown the courts in Hong Kong must decide Chong & Another [1996] HKEC 204一 should no longer be followed slavishly” for themselves what is appropriate (Peter Murphy, ibid), consent would have for our own jurisdiction” (ibid). In the 案，以及原訟法庭在「香港特別行政區 訴 a new role to play in non-fatal, non- meantime, for we practitioners, it should 鄧永義 [2015] CHKEC 607」一案中， sexual offences against the person save also be the right time to rethink the 均以R v. Brown [1994] 1 A.C. 212一案 questions: what are really too good for GBH charges. And Hong Kong Courts, ((下稱‘Brown案’)的裁決作為依據，惟 on issues of consent in non-sexually to miss? And what offences are really Attorney General’s Reference (No. 6 of related assaults, should follow Wilson impossible to consent? n
56 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • CRIMINAL LAW 刑 事 法
別作為評核依據，顯然是「存在問題」 ，因它不僅忽視對方是否出於自願，以及 是否處於弱勢等相關考慮因素，亦以抽象 的方式來判斷受害人所遭受的傷害。如果 「只是粗略地以甚麼是「正常」和「不正 常」的行為，以作為評估的依據」，那麼 針對某人的行為而作出合法或不合法的分 類，也只是屬於任意性。因此，「所觸犯 的罪行究竟屬何性質，事實上乃取決於如 何(在某程度上也是任意地)將某種行為區 分為屬於這一個還是那一個類別」。例如 說，倘若Mr. Wilson與他的妻子在進行人 體裝飾時觸發了性衝動，這應當如何處 理？是將它視作「性受虐」還是「人體裝 飾」？而Wilson案亦可能會因此得出截然 不同的結果！因此，Professor Tolmie認 為紐西蘭上訴法院在Lee案中採用一個三 層式的檢視架構較為可取：
首先，「如果被告人有意圖或是罔顧地， 1980) [1981] QB 715所列舉的例外情況 友發生爭吵，他以手捏這名半同居女友， 導致受害人遭受實際身體傷害，那麼被告 除外；73 Cr App R 63，而當中包括： 導致她的肢體出現淤傷。作者在其書面結 人有權以獲得對方同意作為其抗辯理由」 「正常舉辦的合法競技或體育活動、依 案陳詞中指出(除其他事項外)，法庭倘若 (除非涉及打架此等例外情況)； 法作出的懲處或糾正、合理的手術干 採納紐西蘭 (R v. Lee [2006] 22 CRNZ 第二，「如果被告有意圖或甘冒風險，導 預、呈現危險等情況 (at 719, 66)」。該 568 (CA (NZ)) (下稱‘Lee’案)和澳洲的 致受害人遭受嚴重身體傷害，那麼從公共 列表其後進一步擴大至包括：R v. Jones 做法，被告人應有權以獲得對方同意作為 政策的角度出發，法官須指令陪審團不得 [1986] 83 Cr. App. R. 375；[1987] 其抗辯理由—首先，由於被告人也可以基 考慮獲對方同意這一抗辯理由」(在權衡 Crim. L.R. 123； R v. Wilson [1996] 2 於同一案情而被控干犯「普通襲擊」罪— 了不同的競逐價值後)— 例如說，一項活 Cr App R 241(下稱‘Wilson案’) 中 因此，控方選擇控告被告人甚麼罪名，事 動的社會效用與其可能造成的傷害程度； 的人體裝飾(以剌刀紋身)及理髮，正如 實上會剝奪被告人可以採用的抗辯理由， 個人自主性與受害者所處的弱勢 — 但該 D.C. Ormerod在‘Assault occasioning 這一情況顯然於理不合；其次，紐西蘭 項推定仍贊成有權以獲得對方同意作為抗 actual bodily harm: whether cutting off 和澳洲所採取的途徑，獲得Julia Tolmie 辯理由。 hair amounting to actual bodily harm’, 等著名學者的認同(參見她所發表的文章 Criminal Law Review (2006) 6, 528-530 ‘Consent to harmful assaults: the case 第三，「如果是有意圖或主觀地甘冒風 一文中所論及的(以 DPP v. Smith [2006] for moving away from category based 險，導致受害人死亡，被告人不得以獲對 EWHC 94 (Admin)；[2006] 1 W.L.R. decision making’, Criminal Law Review 方同意作為抗辯理由，而這項原則亦不容 1571 (DC) 等案件作為依據)。 (2012) 9, 656-671)— 此外，並非加重 許有任何例外情況。」 性質(an aggravated nature)的家庭暴力， 情況是否應有所改變？ 現在再回到我們所討論的案件。該案的原 應被視作Attorney General’s Reference 審裁判官裁定，根據香港現行法例，法庭 今天－亦即Brown案裁決作出之後24 (No.6 of 1980) 所列舉的例外情況的其 應當遵循Brown案的裁決。然而，裁判官 年，社會的風俗習慣已經有所改變，而 中之一。 並沒有排除將沒有加重性質的家庭暴力包 其他普通法司法管轄區亦作出了與此相 Professor Tolmie所發表的文章指出，被 括在內這一可能性，從而作為 Attorney 應的立法。有鑒於此，香港法院及/或法 告人究竟在甚麼情況下，有權以獲得對 General’s Reference (No.6 of 1980)中 律改革委員會是否應當重新探究有關議 方同意作為其抗辯理由，Brown案在這方 的「等等」所包含的其中一項；由於該案 題，而現在又是否適當時候呢？ 面，是將受害人所遭受傷害的程度，設於 的被告人與受害人之間的關係僅維持了大 作者曾經處理一宗案件，案中的被告人 一個過低水平；在澳洲及紐西蘭，該水 約六個月，因此沒有必要對該可能性進行 被控「襲擊致造成實際身體傷害」。案 平是設於「使他人身體受到嚴重傷害」層 分析。 情大意是：被告人有一次與其半同居女 面。Professor Tolmie批評Brown案以類 這情形在某程度上是可以預見的！也
www.hk-lawyer.org 57 • February 2018
許，正如東南巡迴法庭的某位巡迴法官 and Offences Against the Person)；以及 非涉及「身體受到嚴重傷害」的控罪，否 所指出的情況般，Brown案「令法官的 《第218號報告書：侵害人身罪與一般原 則在非致命和不涉及性侵的罪行中，獲對 雙手被綁，即使只是屬於程度較輕微的 則》(Report No. 218, Offences Against 方同意這一抗辯理由，將會扮演一個新的 傷害案件，情況亦然」；「審理案件 the Person and General Principles))。此 角色，而在涉及非性侵的襲擊案件中，關 的法官必須遵從上議院的裁決，他們不 外，英國的《侵害人身罪法》(其為香港 於是否獲得受害人同意的問題，香港法院 能因為時間的變遷，又或是因為新觀點 的《侵害人身罪條例》的依據)的範圍界 應當遵循Wilson案(在1997年7月1日之前 的出現，而偏離最高層級的上訴法院的 定 — 旨在達至一個與所意圖或可預見造 裁定)而非Brown案的裁決。 裁決」(Peter Murphy，‘Flogging live 成之傷害相符的罪行層級 — 其已在2015 另一方面，我個人認為沒有加重性質的家 complainants and dead horses: we may 年獲英國的「法律委員會」認可，而當中 庭暴力，亦應被視作Attorney General’s no longer need to be in bondage to 的第20及第47條所訂明的罪行，以及普 Reference (No.6 of 1980)所述的例外情 Brown, Criminal Law Review (2011), 10, 通法的襲擊和毆打等罪行，將會進行再命 況的其中之一。首先，「丈夫與妻子之 758-765)。然而，我們不禁要再問，事 名和重新歸類，並另加一項新訂的「嚴 間所作出的，並經雙方同意的行為，如 實是否如此呢？ 重侵犯」罪行(參見：Law Commission, 果是在婚姻居所中隱密地進行，在一般 Reform of Offences against the Person, Mr. Murphy是Blackstone’s Criminal 情況下，不應遭受任何刑事調查，更別 Law Com. No. 361)。] Practice, Oxford: OUP的創刊主編，他認 說被提出刑事檢控……」；其次，當事 為「也許可以有繞過有關規定的辦法」( 至於Wilson一案，是關乎一位丈夫使用一 方的某一方經常會利用其受襲的指稱， 如上)。原因是，在Brown案中的性受虐 把灼熱的刀，將其名字的簡寫烙印在其 而達致不可告人的目的(尤其是在婚姻訴 主要涉及性、而非涉及暴力。此外，「 妻子的臀部上。Russell L.J在127 & 128 訟中)— 例如，他/她會利用《分居令及 自1994年至今，隨著時間的過去，社會 稱： 贍養令條例》(第16章)第3(1)(a)或(b)條 風俗亦有所變遷。事實上，即使在Brown 「上訴人在本案並無任何侵襲意圖；與此 的規定，以廻避正常的離婚呈請程序； 案那個時候，也有人提出了不同的看 相反，他不但完全無意傷害其妻子，更是 又或是，在與其離婚法律程序有關的誓 法」(如上)；Lord Slynn在 Brown案的裁 希望幫助她達成在身體上展現人體裝飾的 章中，利用另一方在簽保守行為時所承 決中，表達了異議 (at 280)： 願望。在今天這個時代，也許我們可以將 認的案情撮要(即使是完全無辜，但考慮 「如果「普通襲擊」是唯一的一個襲擊 其理解為有如在鼻子或甚至在舌頭上穿 到訴訟不確定性的風險，實在不可錯失 類別，被告人有權以獲得對方同意作 孔，從而配置上飾物… 良機)。在涉及家庭暴力的案件中，有權 以獲得對方同意，作為「襲擊致造成實 為抗辯理由，而其他所有的傷害皆被排 上訴人在紋身方面實際作出了一些甚麼， 際身體傷害」的辯護理由，可有助緩減 除在外，我認為這一做法並不正確。首 以及可能會作出一些甚麼，我們認為當中 上述的不公情況。 先，實際身體傷害所涉及的範圍十分 找不到有任何邏輯上的區別。作出後一種 寬泛……，這一情況亦同樣適用於「傷 行為，似乎並不需要獲得任何批准，而上 結論 人」，而當中的相關驗證，乃受害人皮 訴人應當可以像任何其他人一樣作出該等 「在1997年7月1日以後的新憲制秩序 膚是否遭受破損。對於程度較為輕微的 行為…… 中，它的其中一個重點是：香港法院應 「實際身體傷害」和「傷人」案件，我 從公共政策或公眾利益出發，上訴人所 繼續援引海外的法學理論。」： Solicitor 不認為存在任何重大理據，可拒絕讓被 作出的行為，是否需要面對刑法的制裁？ (24/07) v Law Society of Hong Kong 告人以獲得對方同意作為其抗辯理由。 審理Brown案的法官大多數明確認為，該 [2008] 11 HKCFAR 117。在今天，亦即 我同意，如果將「身體受到嚴重傷害」 等考慮因素是相關的。既然如此，我們認 Brown案裁決之後的24年，澳洲和紐西蘭 來與涉及終身殘廢的舊案件進行類比， 為，上訴人所作出的，與本上訴有關的行 的成文法及/或判例法皆已在非致命和不 又或是作為一項延伸，情況將會有所不 為若構成刑事行為，這將會不符合公眾利 涉及性侵的襲擊案件中，擴大被告人獲得 同。因此，除了身體受到嚴重傷害或死 益。丈夫與妻子之間所作出的，並經雙方 對方同意的適用範圍，而現時也是香港法 亡等情況外，我贊同在其他情況下，被 同意的行為，如果是在婚姻居所中隱密 院重探這一議題的適當時候。無庸置疑， 告人有權以獲得對方同意作為抗辯理由。 地進行，我們認為在一般情況下，不應遭 「香港法院最終仍須決定：甚麼東西最適 [注意：上文提及Lord Slynn在相關裁 受任何刑事調查，更別說被提出刑事檢 合我們自身的司法體系？」(如上)。作為 決中所提出的異議，目前已經被廣泛 控……」 法律執業者的我們，現時也是適當時候對 認同，而當中的許多觀點，亦已經納 以下問題予以再思：甚麼是真正不可錯失 Murphy J的觀點如果正確 — 即是，「上 入英格蘭的現行法律改革中(參見《諮 的良機？哪些罪行是真正不可能獲得受害 訴法院強烈地暗示，Brown案不應再被盲 詢文件第134號：同意與侵害人身罪》 人同意？n 目遵循」(Peter Murphy，如上)，那麼除 (Consultation Paper No.134, Consent
58 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視
ACCOUNTANTS standard of reasonableness capable of 會計師 excusing an auditor notwithstanding a Disciplinary Proceedings default? This question was answered 紀律研訊程序及「象徵式」懲 in the negative. The complaint did not and “Token” Sanctions 罰 import a standard of reasonableness As previously noted in Industry Insights capable of exonerating the accountants. 誠如先前在《業界透視》(2017年6月， (June 2017, “Auditors’ Professional 「會計師：年底就關乎核數師專業標準的 Standard Headed for Final Appeal”), The CFA concluded that the relevant 判決進行終極上訴」)提到，在Registrar in Registrar of HKICPA v Wong & Anor, disciplinary committee had been entitled FACV 10/2017, 22 December 2017, to find the complaint established. of HKICPA v Wong & Anor案(FACV the substance of a complaint against Not to be lost in all of this is that the 10/2017，2017年12月22日)，上訴人( the appellant accountants was that complaint was at the least serious end 會計師)被投訴，投訴的實質內容是，他們 they failed to apply a professional of the spectrum, with the aim of (for 評估被審計公司在可供出售金融資產方面 standard in connection with an audited example) enforcing the application of 是否已遵守香港會計準則第39號(「HKAS company’s compliance with Hong Kong a published standard in the interests 39」――「金融工具：確認及計量」)的 Accounting Standard 39 (‘HKAS 39‘ – of professional practice rather than 時候，沒有應用專業標準。 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and punishment. It appears to have been Measurement”) in respect of an available- accepted by the relevant disciplinary 撇開訟費不談，基於上訴人只被判小額 for-sale financial asset. committee that it was justified in taking 罰款，而且(這宗案)懲罰屬不公開性質， Leaving aside the costs, given the a “very lenient” approach that merited a 即便會計師決定不挑戰紀律研訊程序的結 token sanction. small fine and non-public nature of the 果，也是可以理解的。然而，事件已上訴 sanction (in this case) it would have been Interestingly, the HKICPA has recently 至上訴法庭，再由上訴法庭上訴至終審法 understandable if the accountants had published on its website a “Guideline to 院。 decided not to challenge the outcome of Disciplinary Committee for Determining the disciplinary proceedings. However, Disciplinary Orders”, setting out the 終審法院裁定(法院的一致判決載於第41 the matter made its way to the Court of approach to be adopted in deciding on 段)，按照對HKAS 39的真確詮釋，包含 Appeal and Court of Final Appeal (‘CFA‘). appropriate sanctions. Going forward, 股票工具的可供出售金融資產的公允值一 The CFA held (at paragraph 41 of its it will be interesting to see the extent to 旦大幅下跌或長時間下跌，必須作出減值 which the Financial Reporting Council unanimous judgment) that on a true 調整。 construction of HKAS 39 an impairment (once it takes over responsibility for adjustment must be made in respect regulation of listed company auditors 可以說，關注點已經轉到更有趣的問題 of an available-for-sale financial asset after the government’s reforms are 上。那就是，指某會計師「沒有或忽略遵 consisting of an equity instrument once introduced) will move towards more 守、維持或以其他方式應用專業標準」的 there had been a significant or prolonged guidance, remedial measures and (where 投訴是否包含合理性的準則，因而核數師 appropriate) education and training for decline in its fair value. 雖然失責，也能靠這準則得以開脫免罪。 less serious regulatory matters involving 問題的答案是「不」。投訴沒有引入可免 Attention then turned to the arguably the application of highly technical more interesting issue. Namely, did professional standards. 除會計師責任的合理性準則。 a complaint that a certified public 終審法院斷定，相關的紀律委員會一直有 accountant “failed or neglected to - David Smyth and David Kwok, RPC observe, maintain or otherwise apply a 權裁定投訴成立。 professional standard”, incorporate a
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不得不提的是，投訴的目的可不是為了 • A sanctioned offer can contain a costs Tomlin Orders 施行懲罰，而是(例如)為了會計師專業執 provision but that provision should not • The standard wording in a Tomlin 業的利益而強迫應用已公布標準；這種投 conflict with the costs consequences Order that “these proceedings be 訴在一眾投訴中屬於最不嚴重的一種。看 provided for in the court rules (re stayed save for the purpose of carrying “MCC Jakarta”, HCAJ 48/2011, 30 來，這個目的一直獲得相關紀律委員會接 out this Order and giving effect to the November 2017). terms set out in the schedule hereto, 納，委員會認為採取「很寬鬆」的方法， • A settlement offer that is not a for which there is liberty to apply” 判處象徵式懲罰是有理可依的。 properly constituted sanctioned offer does not provide the court with a 有趣的是，香港會計師公會最近在其網站 can still be made (for example) on a general power to vary the terms of an agreement contained in the schedule 發布「Guideline to Disciplinary Committee “without prejudice save as to costs” basis (“Calderbank”) but whether to a Tomlin Order (Shum Ho Seung v for Determining Disciplinary Orders」，列 it affects the outcome on costs is a Shum Foo Hang, HCMP 3134/2016, 18 出在決定合適懲罰時所採用的方法。料想 matter for the court. Relevant cases December 2017). 將來叫人感興趣看看的是，財務匯報局(政 are highly contextual and it is difficult • The court does have jurisdiction to 府推行改革後，馬上由其接手監管上市公 to draw any firm conclusions. In short, vary or revoke the terms of a Consent 司的責任)會向前多走幾多步，在多大程度 an offeree should think very carefully Order but would only do so in limited circumstances and on good grounds 上就涉及高技術專業標準的應用但較不嚴 before refusing a reasonable offer. being shown. 重的監管事宜，制定更多指引、補救措施 • Those offers including alternative costs provisions have raised some • For a court to vary the terms of an 及(在合適情況下)進行教育和培訓。 interesting issues that (arguably) agreement contained in the schedule - 施德偉及郭文龍，RPC merit a more authoritative appeal to a Tomlin Order (as opposed to the judgment than exists at present in Order itself) there would have to be: (i) Hong Kong. a specific power built into the Order; and (ii) circumstances justifying a CIVIL PROCEDURE Settlement Agreements variation of the agreement as a matter • As a matter of general legal principle, of contract law (which is likely to be Settlement Practice Update a solicitor does not owe another unusual). There have been a number of recent solicitor’s client a general duty to - Warren Ganesh, Senior Consultant, cases that have dealt with some exercise reasonable skill and care or RPC important issues with respect to the a general duty in tort with respect settlement of civil disputes. to the preparation of a settlement agreement (First Asia Finance 民事訴訟程序 Sanctioned Offers International Ltd v Tso Au Yim & Yeung, • A sanctioned offer that contains an HCA 2128/2013, 14 November 2017). 關於和解實務的最新資訊 alternative costs provision to that • That said, solicitors should be careful provided for in the rules (where the 最近有幾宗案件處理了一些與解決民事爭 in cases involving (for example) offer is accepted without requiring 議有關的重要爭論。 unrepresented parties. Furthermore, the permission of the court) is not a where another party is represented by properly constituted offer under the 附帶條款和解提議 lawyers they should be in attendance regime for sanctioned offers (RHC/ • 在附帶條款和解提議的規定下(《高 during any settlement discussions. RDC O. 22). It is not unusual to see 等法院規則》∕《區域法院規則》第 settlement offers contain a costs provision that there be “no order as to costs”. The weight of first instance authority in Hong Kong suggests that such offers (with inbuilt alternative costs provisions) are not compliant with the regime for sanctioned offers (Choi Tak Man v Chan Yuk Lan Didi, HCA 600/2015, 30 October 2017, applying Wong Yim Man Anthea v Wong Ho Ming Felix, HCA 352/2011, 22 April 2016). This is as true of a settlement offer made by a defendant as it is of one made by a plaintiff.
60 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視
22號命令)，包含另一訟費規定代替 湯姆林命令 of the Grand Court is of interest. As 法院規則(訂明在無需法庭許可而接受 • 湯姆林命令(Tomlin Order)的標準用語 with the Cayman Islands, the origins of maintenance and champerty in Hong 建議的情況下)的規定的附帶條款和 是「訴訟各方可隨時申請命令，暫緩 Kong have their roots in the common law 解提議，不是恰當地按規則組成的建 訴訟(但為了履行這項命令則除外)，各 and in neither jurisdiction has there been 議。和解建議包含「不作出訟費命令 方履行命令附表詳列的和解條件」， legislative reform such as that in England 不是難得一見的規定。香港大部分原 當中沒有給法庭提供更改湯姆林命令 & Wales. 訟庭案例顯示，這種建議(內含訟費替 附表所載協議條件的一般權力(Shum It is important to note that in A Company 代規則)不符合附帶條款和解提議的 Ho Seung v Shum Foo Hang，HCMP and A Funder the funding was not sought 規定(Choi Tak Man v Chan Yuk Lan 3134/2016，2017年12月18日)。 on behalf of a company in liquidation Didi，HCA 600/2015，2017年10月 but by a large multinational company • 法庭確實有更改或撤銷同意令條件的 30日，引用Wong Yim Man Anthea v with a genuine commercial interest in 管轄權，不過法庭只在有限的情況 Wong Ho Ming Felix，HCA 352/2011 the outcome of the litigation. This is 下，看得見充分的理由時才會這樣 similar to some of the reasoning in Unruh ，2016年4月22日)。由被告人作出的 做。 v Seeberger (2007) 10 HKCFAR 31 which, 和解建議是這樣，由原告人作出的也 together with Winnie Lo v HKSAR (2012) • 要由法庭更改湯姆林命令附表所載協 是這樣。 15 HKCFAR 16, sets out the origins of 議條件(而不是命令本身)，就必須是(i) • 附帶條款和解提議可以包含訟費規 maintenance and champerty in Hong 命令有訂明權力；及(ii)具備合約法上 Kong. 定，不過該規定不應與法院規則訂 支持更改協議的情況(這情況可能並不 明的訟費後果有矛盾(關於「MCC The decision of the Grand Court can be 尋常)。 Jakarta」，HCAJ 48/2011，2017年 contrasted with a decision of the Irish Supreme Court last year. In that case, 11月30日)。 - 莊偉倫 資深顧問，RPC the Irish Supreme Court refused to • 在「除訟費外無損權利」的基礎上， grant a declaration that an investment agreement entered into during the course 作出不是恰當地按規則組成的和解建 COMMERCIAL DISPUTES 議還是可以的(「Calderbank案」)，只 of proceedings and providing for the third party funding of a claim would not 是得交由法庭決定那個建議可會影響 Third Party Funding Update contravene the laws of maintenance and 訟費結果。相關個案很大程度視具體 News towards the end of last year that champerty (Industry Insights, July 2017, 情況而定，難有定論。簡單地說，受 the Grand Court in the Cayman Islands “Tales from the Emerald Isle”). The origins 提議者應仔細考慮清楚才拒絕任何合 had approved a third party litigation of maintenance and champerty in Ireland 理的建議。 funding agreement is a reminder of have their roots in ancient statute and any the pace of developments in different reform there (in the foreseeable future) • 該等包括訟費替代規則的建議產生一 premier dispute resolution jurisdictions. appears to be a matter for legislation. 些有趣的問題，在香港，這些問題(可 In A Company and A Funder (unreported, For those who consider that common 以說)配得較現存的更具權威的上訴判 23 November 2017), a large Korean law developments in this area are as 決。 company sought a declaration that a likely to bring about change in Hong 和解協議 third party litigation funding agreement Kong as legislative reform, the decision it had entered into with a funder did not of the Grand Court in A Company and • 就一般法律原則而言，在和解協議 contravene the laws of maintenance A Funder is significant. The decision 的準備工作方面，事務律師對另一 and champerty (both of which exist specifically recognises the need for public 事務律師的客戶沒有行使合理水平 in the Cayman Islands). The funding policy to evolve with respect to properly 的技巧和謹慎的一般責任，也沒有侵 was sought in connection with court regulated commercial litigation funding in proceedings that the company intended 權法下的一般責任(First Asia Finance international financial centres. to commence in order to (among other International Ltd v Tso Au Yim & The decision of the Grand Court is also things) enforce an arbitral award. In a reminder that in deciding whether Yeung，HCA 2128/2013，2017年 approving the application, the court set a litigation funding arrangement is 11月14日)。 out a number of factors which it could caught by the laws of maintenance and take into account in deciding whether to • 縱然如此，在(例如)訴訟方沒有法律 champerty the crucial factor is whether approve a litigation funding agreement. 代表的案件中，事務律師應當謹慎行 the arrangement poses a genuine risk to 事。此外，如果另一方是有律師代表 Given common law developments in this the integrity of the court process. area and the miscellany of exceptions to 的，他們應當出席和解談判。 The factors considered by the Grand the crimes and torts of maintenance and Court in approving the litigation funding champerty in Hong Kong, the decision
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agreement are also a useful reminder 管轄區一直沒有進行過英格蘭及威爾斯所 之時)仍未生效，反觀新加坡，關於第三方 with respect to the Code of Practice 進行的那一種法律改革。 出資進行國際仲裁(及相關法律程序)的法 for third party funding of arbitration in 例大約一年前已經生效*。 必須注意的是，在A Company and A Hong Kong. The relevant legislation in Hong Kong was enacted approximately Funder案，要求資助的不是清盤公司 ﹣ 施德偉 合夥人，RPC eight months ago but some of its key 的代表，而是一間大型跨國公司，該 provisions are still not in force (at the 跨國公司在訴訟結果有真正的商業權 *詳情請參閱https://asianlegalbusiness.uberflip. com/i/880523-september-supplements-rev。 time of writing), whereas the relevant 益。這與Unruh v Seeberger (2007) legislation with respect to third party 10 HKCFAR 31的一些論據相似，另 funding of international arbitrations (and 外，Unruh v Seeberger和Winnie Lo v related court proceedings) in Singapore FAMILY LAW HKSAR (2012) 15 HKCFAR 16都有列 came into effect almost a year ago*. 明香港的助訟及包攬訴訟的起源。 Legal Obstacles to - David Smyth, Partner, RPC Surrogacy Remain in Hong 大法院的決定與愛爾蘭最高法院去年的一 Kong * For more details, please see – 個決定恰恰相反。在愛爾蘭的案件中，原 https://asianlegalbusiness.uberflip. 告人(上訴人)要求法庭宣告，在法律程序 Surrogacy is becoming an increasingly com/i/880523-september-supplements-rev. popular option for families hoping 進行期間訂立並就第三方資助申索訂明規 to start a family in Hong Kong. The 定的投資協議，不會違反關於助訟及包攬 商業糾紛 acceptance of non-traditional family 訴訟的法律；愛爾蘭最高法院拒絕這項要 structures, increased access to 關於第三方資助的最新消息 求(2017年7月《業界透視》「第三方資 reproductive technologies and cheaper 助：綠寶石島的故事」)。愛爾蘭的助訟及 international travel mean that surrogacy 去年底有報導稱，開曼群島大法院(the 包攬訴訟源於古舊的法規，在那裡，任何( is no longer always altruistic, and it is less Grand Court)批准了一份關於第三方資助 在可見的將來的)改革似乎都是交由立法機 frequently kept within circles of families and friends. Most importantly, surrogacy 訴訟的協議，使人想起各個在爭議解決領 關進行的事。 often delivers a child that is the genetic 域位居首列的司法管轄區的發展步伐。 有人認為普通法在這範疇的發展有可能透 descendant of one or two commissioning 在A Company and A Funder案(未經彙 過立法改革給香港帶來改變，對這些人來 parents and not the surrogate mother. 報，2017年11月23日)，一間大型韓國公 說，大法院在A Company and A Funder案 For same-sex couples, surrogacy may offer the only viable chance of raising 司就其有意展開以(其中包括)強制執行仲 的決定意義重大。該決定具體承認公共政 children. 裁裁決的法律程序尋求資金；該公司要求 策需要演變，在國際金融中心妥善規管的 法庭宣告，該公司與出資人訂立的第三方 商業性出資訴訟方面與時並進。 In this article we explore some of the 資助訴訟協議並不違反關於助訟及包攬訴 challenges that the law can present to 大法院的決定亦是一個提醒：當決定訴訟 those couples wishing to have a child by 訟的法律(兩者存在於開曼群島)。批准申 出資安排有否違反關於助訟及包攬訴訟的 surrogacy and how to overcome them. 請時，法院列出幾項在決定是否批准訴訟 法律時，該安排是否真正危及法院程序的 資助協議的時候會考慮的因素。 The obstacles 秉公持正是關鍵的因素。 Hong Kong regulates surrogacy by 鑒於香港普通法在這範疇的發展及一堆關 大法院在批准訴訟出資協議時考慮了多項 criminalising commercial aspects and 於助訟及包攬訴訟罪行和侵權的例外情 因素，這些因素也是有效的提醒，使我們 regulating the remainder. Commercial 況，大法院的決定引起我們的興趣。尋根 回想起香港適用於第三方資助仲裁的《實 surrogacy is a criminal offence, wherever 溯源，香港像開曼群島一樣，關於助訟及 it occurs in the world, and surrogacy 務守則》。香港相關的法例大約八個月前 包攬訴訟的概念都來自普通法，兩地司法 arrangements cannot be enforced by 才制定，當中某些主要條文至今(本文撰寫 the Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance, Cap. 561. A further obstacle is contained in the Parent and Child Ordinance, Cap. 429, which provides that the woman who carried a surrogate child, i.e. the surrogate mother, is to be regarded as the child’s mother. The father is determined to be the surrogate mother’s husband (if any). No other woman is to be regarded as the mother and the
62 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視
surrogate mother’s husband will have her genetic, commissioning, intending 本文從兩個方面探索代母產子，一是希望 to show that he did not consent to parents. Resolving the various 借代母產子而得子女的夫婦所面對的一些 the arrangement if he is to avoid the problems that this tension can throw 法律挑戰，一是克服挑戰的方法。 legal obligations of parenthood. These up will, it seems, be left to the courts provisions are global. They engage in individual cases. This is a prospect 法律障礙 regardless of where the surrogacy took couples will wish to avoid. 香港將商業性質的代母產子刑事化，其餘 place. Planning 的加以規管。商業性質的代母產子是刑事 In a successful international surrogacy Careful planning and consideration 罪行，無論發生在世上甚麼地方，沒有人 arrangement this legal fiction can is therefore advised. Foreign 能夠藉香港條例第561章《人類生殖科技 significantly hamper the child’s jurisdictions, such as California, upbringing in Hong Kong. Administrative, 條例》強制執行代母產子安排。 will issue birth certificates in the medical and social arrangements are commissioning parents’ names. With 香港條例第429章《父母與子女條例》載 often harder to put in place. The child’s that in place couples may apply to 有另一個法律障礙：依據代母產子安排而 “legal status” is often incongruent with have their child raised in Hong Kong 懷有子女的女子，即代母，會被視為該子 birth certificates issued overseas which under the dependant visa regime. name the commissioning parents. 女的母親。父親被確定是代母的丈夫(如有 Genetic children will inherit their 的話)。其他女子全不被視為母親，代母的 We are likely to see more circumstances commissioning parents’ permanent of this kind in Hong Kong, since residence status. 丈夫如果要逃避父親身份的法律責任，必 internationally arranged gestational 須證明他不同意代母安排。這些條文是全 Those who wish or need to apply surrogacy – where the parent or parents 球性的。不論代母產子在甚麼地方發生， through the Hong Kong courts should share a genetic link with the child – is be careful to ensure that commercial 條文一律適用。 becoming available in an increasing payments have not been made. Parties number of jurisdictions. 在國際間成功的代母安排之中，這種法律 should also explore how complications 阻力可以嚴重地阻礙該子女在香港的成 Parental Orders will be handled. Surrogate 長。行政安排、醫療安排、社會安排要推 A question that immediately faces arrangements have broken down, for 行起來往往更加困難。該子女的「法律 commissioning parents in Hong Kong instance, where complications have is how to obtain legal parenthood. arisen in the pregnancy and where it 地位」與海外發出的出生證明書通常不一 has been detected that the child will 致，海外發出的出生證明書上會寫上委託 By s. 12 of the Parent and Child suffer health problems. Parties will 父母的姓名。 Ordinance (Cap. 429) the courts are wish to have considered and reached given specific power to order such consensus on these possibilities, not 我們相當可能在香港見到更多這類情況， parenthood – but restrictions apply, least since the arrangements are 因為容許超越國界的妊娠代母安排――父 such as: unenforceable. 母一方或兩方與代母所生子女有基因關 • The order can only be made in favour 連――的司法管轄區數目日益增加。 of parties to a marriage; - Joanne Brown, Tanner De Witt 判定父母身份的命令 • The application has to be made within 家庭法 six months of the child’s birth; 香港的委託父母即時面對的問題是，他們 • Both commissioning parents have to 香港存在規管代母產子的法例 怎樣才取得法律上的父母身份。 agree “unconditionally” to the order; and 對於想生兒育女的香港家庭來說，代母產 《父母與子女條例》(第429章)第12條明 確賦權法院發出命令，判委託代母產子的 • If the surrogacy was commercial, 子現在是一個越來越受歡迎的選擇。對 the court has to approve the 非傳統家庭結構的接納，生殖科技日益普 父母的父母身份――不過設有限制，例 arrangement. 及，國際旅遊漸趨便宜，意味代母產子不 如： Thus where one or more of these 再一定是無私之舉，現在已較少見於家族 • 發出的命令只可判婚姻雙方為父母； conditions is not met, but yet where 或朋友圈之內。最重要的是，藉代母所生 the surrogacy arrangement has been • 有關申請必須在子女出生後六個月內 successful, seemingly intractable 的子女是委託代母產子的父母(「委託父 提出； 母」)的後代，通常的情況是，該子女遺傳 tensions can arise. At law the child’s • 委託父母雙方必須「無條件地」同意 “parents” bear no genetic relationship 了該父母其中一方或雙方的基因，而不是 法院發出的命令；及 to the child, are often overseas and do 代母的基因。對於同性伴侶來說，代母產 • 如果代母產子是商業性質的，法庭必 not intend to raise the child. Yet in fact 子可以給他們提供養兒育女的唯一可行機 the child’s best interests will almost 須批准安排。 會。 inevitably demand that she is raised by
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因此，如果不符合上述一項或以上條件， by the recent effort to consolidate the same lawyer from preparing their court 但代母安排卻成功進行，看起來棘手的 different pieces of family legislation and documents at the start of the litigation 張力就可能產生。在法律上，子女的「父 rules in order to conform to civil practice through to its conclusion of their case by and procedure. It however remains the advocating their position in court. This 母」與該子女沒有基因關係，「父母」通 case that there are essentially only a arrangement in turn leads to costs saving 常都身處海外，並且無意養育該子女。但 few ordinances and rules which makes since there are no additional fees for 事實上，在大多數情況下，該子女的最大 it relatively easier for practitioners to instructing counsel. familiarise themselves. 利益必然是由與她有基因關係的，委託代 It cannot however be denied that the 母產子的，有心養兒育女的父母來教養。 Family division currently has ten courts trust and confidence that clients have 看來，每宗個案得交由法庭解決這種張力 sitting on a daily basis. It is also common with their solicitors is an intensive one 所拋出的種種問題。這是夫婦想避免發生 knowledge that Family Judges work as clients will invariably count on their very hard as apart from sitting full time, solicitors for emotional support during a 的事。 they also have to find time to write the difficult time in their life. It is not unheard 周詳計劃 judgements. Even so, there is still a of for a family solicitor to simultaneously lengthy waiting period before the parties assume the role of a counsellor. 因此，夫婦務要好好計劃，周詳考慮。外 can have their case heard which, by and Some high net-worth clients may 國司法管轄區，例如加州，會發出寫上委 large, is caused by their inability to reach consider it vital to have a senior counsel an early settlement. 託父母姓名的出生證明書。如此，在受養 advocating their case, and more often 人簽證制度下，夫婦可以申請在香港撫養 There are certainly advocacy training than not this consideration depends upon 該子女。有基因關係的子女將繼承委託父 opportunities for solicitors as they appear whether or not there is senior counsel on 母的永久居民身份。 in family courts more frequently than the opposing legal team. It might well barristers, particularly in relation to pre- be a matter of appearances, but clients 那些希望或需要透過香港法庭申請的人士 trial hearings (such as those required for sometimes find the idea of having a 應當謹慎行事，確保沒有作出商業付款。 Financial Dispute and Children Dispute smaller legal team than the other side 各方亦應探究如何處理複雜的情況。有些 Resolutions). A family lawyer who intends to be an inadequate arrangement. It 情況會破壞代母安排，舉例說，懷孕期間 to become a specialist should represent goes without saying that senior counsels clients as their advocate as he/she will be bring invaluable expertise to the legal 出現併發症，以及發現子女有健康問題。 able to observe the inquisitorial approach team since advocacy is an art which 各方一定希望考慮這些可能性，並就這些 of family judges as well as how discretion cannot be acquired through textbooks 可能性達成共識，尤其是因為代母協定是 (an important feature of family law) is and judgments. It is therefore a good 不可強制執行的。 exercised, a practical learning experience opportunity for aspiring solicitors to learn that cannot be acquired from simply from the experts. - Joanne Brown，泰德威律師事務所 reading judgments. There is no question that the practice of The major advantage of a solicitor family law has started to gain greater advocate is his/her clear grasp of his/her importance in the past decade or so and Family Law client’s case which is derived from his/ with the increasing wealth of couples, it Perspective of a Solicitor her daily case handling and equips him/ has the effect of attracting experienced her with the ability to recall relevant or barristers to join the practice. This has Advocate’s Family Dispute milestone events. Clients are certainly made it difficult for young lawyers to Practice attracted by their ability to deal with the participate in ‘big money’ cases but it Family dispute has been known to be an unpleasant area of practice since the main task of a family lawyer is to resolve the many deep-rooted differences between couples. It would therefore not be unfair to say that family lawyers invariably end up “picking up the pieces”. There has also been major changes in the practice of family law, ranging from the threefold increase in the number of Family Judges to the gradual application of civil rules and practice in the Family Courts. The latter is largely influenced
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nonetheless should not deter them from 家事法庭目前每天有十名法官開庭。眾所 決婚姻破裂所產生的問題時，所面對的問 acquiring their experience in handling 周知，家事法官孜孜不倦地努力工作，專 題始終是大同小異的――將來照顧子女的 less substantial (but by no means less 職審案之餘，還騰出時間寫判決書。儘管 安排就是最佳例子。現時，跨境婚姻在 important) cases. 如此，訴訟各方仍得經過冗長的輪候時 我們社區之中亦非常普遍，當要處理婚姻 Wealth may well lead to complicated 間，案件才獲審理，在很大程度上，這是 問題時，域外強制執行命令將會成為爭論 financial structures but couples still face 由於他們無法在早期達成和解所致。 點。 similar problems in resolving matters arising from their marriage breakdown 事務律師當然有接受訟辯訓練的機會，特 事務律師因為定期接待客戶，瞭解他們面 – a prime example being the future care 別是審訊前聆訊(例如排解金融糾紛及子女 對的問題，所以具有一種優勢。正因如 arrangement for their children. Cross- 糾紛所規定的審前聆訊)的訟辯訓練機會， 此，當要落實法庭命令的條款而考慮合適 border marriages are nowadays also 因為與大律師相比，他們更頻密地在家事 方法時，他們能夠更妥善地想出務實的解 very common in our community and 法庭出庭。家庭事務律師如果想成為專 決方案。同時兼任訟辯律師的話，事務律 extraterritorial enforcement of orders 家，就應當擔任客戶的訟辯律師，如此， 師能夠向客戶提供更為全面的服務，也就 will become an issue when it comes to a divorce. 他∕她就能夠觀察家事法官的查訊及行使 有可能更早解決糾紛，因而無需要進行昂 酌情決定權的方法，這些實用的學習經驗 貴並耗時的訴訟。 Solicitors have the advantage from 單靠判決書是學不來的。 their regular dealings with their ﹣ 莫子應 主管兼訟辯律師(民事)， clients to understand the problems 訟辯律師的一大優勢是，他∕她每天處理 莫子應律師事務所(與Charles Russell that they are facing. Consequently, 客戶的案件，對案件瞭如指掌，具備聯想 Speechlys LLP聯營) they are in a better position to come 相關事件或里程碑事件的能力。而吸引客 up with pragmatic solutions when it comes to considering the appropriate 戶的亮點，當然是客戶可以從訴訟開始時 mechanisms in implementing the terms 準備他們的法庭文件，直到在庭上辯護他 GC AGENDA of a court order. By also being their 們的立場，案件審結，全程交由同一名律 advocates, solicitors will be able to offer 師處理。這樣的安排也節省了訟費，因為 2017 Top 10 Developments a more comprehensive service to their 客戶不用額外付費聘用大律師。 in the Chinese Legislation clients which may well lead to an early settlement, thus dispensing with the 無可否認，客戶對事務律師的信任和信心 NDRC issues new outbound need for costly and time-consuming 是細緻入微的，因為客戶處身人生中的艱 investment rules litigation. 難時刻，很多時靠賴事務律師給予情感上 In December 2017, the NDRC issued the 的支持。家庭事務律師同時兼任輔導員的 Administrative Measures for Outbound - Jonathan C Y Mok, Principal & Investment by Enterprises. The measures 角色可不是聞所未聞的事。 Solicitor Advocate (Civil), Jonathan reshape the regime governing Chinese Mok Legal (in association with Charles 可能有高淨值客戶認為必須由資深大律師 outbound investment activities. Russell Speechlys LLP) 給他們的案件作辯護，但這種想法往往取 NPC enacts revised Anti-unfair 家庭法 決於對方法律團隊可有資深大律師。這很 Competition Law 可能是門面的問題，不過，己方法律團隊 In November 2017, the NPC Standing 透視訟辯律師關於家庭糾紛的 的規模比對方的較小的話，客戶有時也會 Committee enacted a revised version 工作 覺得安排不周。資深大律師固然給法律團 of the Anti-unfair Competition Law. 隊帶來寶貴的專業知識，因為訟辯是一種 The 2017 law presents the first 家庭糾紛向來被稱為不討好的執業範疇， 藝術，是一種不能從課本和判決書學得到 amendment to, and an overhaul of its 1993 predecessor and brings 因為家庭事務律師的主要工作是化解夫婦 的藝術。因此，對於有抱負的事務律師來 sweeping changes to the elements of 之間許許多多深層次的分歧。因此，家庭 說，這是學習專家所長的好機會。 administrative offences of specified 事務律師最終只會是「收拾殘局」的說法 毫無疑問，家事法事務十多年前已經開始 unfair competition acts including, among 算不上有欠公允。 逐漸受到重視，加上夫婦財富增加，於是 others, commercial bribery, passing off, infringement of trade secrets and so on. 家事法的實踐亦經歷過大變，例如家事法 吸引具有經驗的大律師加入。這令年輕律 庭法官人數增加兩倍、民事規則及程序在 師難以參與「巨款」(big money)案，不 CBRC issues guidance on 家事法庭的應用增加。在很大程度上，後 過，大律師的加入不應阻礙他們處理涉款 information disclosure by P2P 者是最近為了符合民事常規及程序而努力 較少(但絕不是較不重要)的案件，從中攫 lending agencies 整合不同家事法例的影響所致。不過現在 取經驗。 In August 2017, the CBRC issued the 依然是實質上只有數條法例及規則，法律 Guidelines for Information Disclosure on 財富可能造成複雜的財務結構，但夫婦解 執業人員因而相對地較容易自行熟習。 the Business Activities of Network Loan
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Information Agencies. The guidelines to foreign investment in China’s 11 FTZs. 外投資管理辦法》。該辦法重塑中國境外 purport to regulate information 投資活動的管理體制。 disclosure by platforms that facilitate CAC circulates draft rules on online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending exporting personal information and 全國人大制定經修訂的《反不正當競爭 activities. important data 法》 In April 2017, the CAC circulated for 2017年11月，全國人大常委會制定《反 SPC issues 4th interpretation of public comment the Measures on Company Law Security Assessments for the Export of 不正當競爭法》修訂版。2017年的法例 In August 2017, the SPC issued the Personal Information and Important Data 是第一次全面修訂1993年舊例之後的成 Provisions on Various Issues on the (Draft for Comment). The draft measures 果，給商業賄賂、欺騙、侵犯商業秘密等 Application of the Company Law (IV). purport to regulate cross-border data 指明的不正當競爭行為的行政罪行元素帶 The provisions bring clarity to certain transfers of personal information and 來翻天巨變。 important company law issues, including important data. for example, shareholder’s right to know, 中國銀監會發布關於P2P借貸機構信息 China enacts general provisions of shareholder’s right to profit distribution, 披露的指引 enforcement of pre-emptive rights and civil code so on. In March 2017, the NPC enacted the 2017年8月，中國銀監會發布《網絡借貸 General Provisions of the Civil Code. 信息中介機構業務活動信息披露指引》。 MOFCOM amends FIE record-filing These broad-based civil code provisions 該指引的本意是規管網上便利個人對個人 measures are comprised of existing civil norms (P2P)借貸活動的平台的信息披露。 In July 2017, MOFCOM issued a revised and legal rules based on, and developed version of the Interim Measures on the from, the General Principles of Civil Law 最高院公布公司法司法解釋(四) Administration of Record-filing of the 1986. 2017年8月，最高院公布《最高人民法 Establishment and Amendment of Foreign-invested Enterprises. The major CAC circulates draft security review 院關於適用〈中華人民共和國公司法〉若 changes in the revised interim measures measures for network products and 干問題的規定(四)》。該等規定澄清公司 are that, where no special administrative services 法若干重要的問題，例子包括股東的知 measures for foreign investment apply In February 2017, the CAC circulated for 情權、股東的利潤分配權、執行優先購買 public comment the Measures on the and no roundtrip investment is involved, 權。 the MOFCOM record-filing regime Security Review of Network Products should apply to foreign acquisitions of and Services (Draft for Comment). The 商務部修訂外商投資企業備案管理辦法 domestic Chinese companies and foreign measures are aimed at implementing 2017年7月，商務部公布《外商投資企業 strategic investments into Chinese listed one aspect of the 2016 Cybersecurity companies. Law, that is, the national security review 設立及變更備案管理暫行辦法》修訂版。 of products and services used in certain 經修訂的暫行辦法帶來重大變更：如果外 NDRC and MOFCOM issue new information networks in China. 商投資不涉及特別管理措施及返程投資， foreign investment catalogue 商務部的備案管理制度應適用於外國投資 In July 2017, the NDRC and MOFCOM - Practical Law China 者對境內中國企業的併購及對中國上市公 jointly issued the seventh revision of 司實施的戰略投資。 the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding 法律顧問備忘錄 Foreign Investment. The 2017 catalogue 國家發改委聯同商務部發布新的外商投 reflects China’s new regime for regulating 2017中國法律十大重要發展 資產業目錄 market access for foreign investment and the introduction of the first nationwide 國家發改委發布新境外投資規定 2017年7月，國家發改委聯同商務部發 negative list. 2017年12月，國家發改委發布《企業境 布《外商投資產業指導目錄》(2017年修 China publishes 2017 negative list for FTZs In June 2017, the General Office of the State Council distributed the Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access in the Pilot Free Trade Zones (Negative List). The 2017 list comprises 95 special management measures divided among 15 industry sectors and 40 sub-sectors and applies
66 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業 界 透 視
訂)。2017年的目錄反映中國規管外商投 foundation or common law trust. Islands (Secretary). 資准入的新制度，以及首份引入的全國性 It is expected that its uses may include as If all of the conditions have been met, 負面清單。 a holding vehicle for shares in a private the Registrar will issue a certificate trust company, as a protector or enforcer of incorporation (or in the case of an 中國印發2017年自由貿易試驗區適用的 of a trust, as a special purpose vehicle existing company, a new certificate of 負面清單 in finance or commercial transactions, incorporation) with a declaration that the 2017年6月，國務院辦公廳印發《自由貿 including in crypto-currency and other company is a Foundation Company. technology offerings, as well as a 易試驗區外商投資准入特別管理措施(負面 Constitution traditional succession planning vehicle. 清單)》。2017年的清單包含95項特別管 A Foundation Company’s constitution 理措施，劃分為15個門類、40個條目， For private clients, Foundation may grant any person the right to Companies may be an attractive 適用於中國11個自由貿易試驗區的外商投 become a member. It can cease to have alternative to trusts, particularly for members if (i) its memorandum permits, 資。 those clients in civil law jurisdictions and (ii) it continues to have a supervisor, where there are concerns about the tax 網信辦發布關於個人信息和重要數據出 who has a right to attend and vote at treatment of trusts. 境的規定 general meetings (‘Supervisor’). Ceasing It is possible to use Foundation to have members in these circumstances 2017年4月，網信辦發布《個人信息和重 Companies to act as “ownerless” vehicles will not affect the Foundation Company’s 要數據出境安全評估辦法(徵求意見稿)》 which will make them, simple solutions existence. Once it has no members, the ，徵求公眾意見。徵求意見稿的本意是規 in the context of private trust companies, Foundation Company will not be able 管個人信息和重要數據的跨境數據傳輸。 management shares of investment funds to admit new members or issue shares or in wider commercial transactions. unless its constitution permits it. 中國制定民法總則 Corporate status A Foundation Company’s management 2017年3月，全國人大制定《民法總則》 will be carried out by its directors. The As a company incorporated under the operation and management of the 。基礎廣泛的民法規定由現有根據1986年 Companies Law (Revised), it will be a Foundation Company is flexible and 《民法通則》發展而成的民事規範和法規 body corporate with a legal personality allows for any powers to be given for the distinct from its members, directors and 組成。 benefit of (i) the Foundation Company, other connected persons. (ii) power holder, or (iii) for any other 網信辦發布網絡產品和服務安全審查辦 purpose. 法草擬稿 Incorporation Any new or existing company Unless varied by the constitution: 2017年2月，網信辦發布《網絡產品和服 incorporated under the Companies Law 務安全審查辦法(徵求意見稿)》，徵求公 • duties are owed only to the (Revised) may apply to the Registrar of Foundation Company itself; 眾意見。該辦法旨在推行2016年《網絡安 Companies (‘Registrar’) to be declared to • rights are enforceable only against the 全法》其中一部分，即是在中國某些信息 be a Foundation Company provided that Foundation Company; 網絡使用的產品和服務的國家安全審查。 the following conditions for a Foundation Company have been met: • rights to information are limited to - Practical Law China “interested persons” who are defined • is limited by shares or by guarantee, under the Foundation Law as any of with or without share capital; its members or supervisors, someone • has a memorandum that: with the right to be a member or OFFSHORE - states that it is a Foundation supervisor or someone declared A Guide to New Legislation Company; under the Foundation Company’s constitution to be an interested on Foundation Companies in - describes its objects (which may include beneficiaries); person (‘Interested Persons’); the Cayman Islands - provides, directly or by reference • Interested Persons can bring actions Introduction to its articles, for the disposal of in the name of or on behalf of surplus assets on winding up; and the Foundation Company for the The Cayman Islands Foundation enforcement of directors’ duties in the - prohibits dividends or other Companies Law, 2017 (‘Foundation Law’) same way as members of traditional distributions to members; has now come into force. A Foundation companies; and Company has features and flexibility that • has adopted articles; and • beneficiaries have no powers or have been designed to allow a company, • has a secretary who is a person rights in relation to the Foundation retaining separate legal personality and licensed to provide company Company, its management or its limited liability, to function like a civil law management services in the Cayman assets.
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Assets and investments 公司，基金會公司會是具有法人資格的法 為了(i)基金會公司的利益；(ii)掌權人的利 There is no minimum capital requirement 人團體，有別於其股東、董事及其他關連 益，或(iii)任何其他目的，賦予任何權力。 for a Foundation Company. Any person 人士。 除非公司章程修訂，否則基金會公司屬下 can transfer assets to it, although the 列情況： Secretary must give notice that there 註冊成立 appear to be no objections under 任何根據《公司法》(經修訂)註冊成立的 • 只對基金會公司負有責任； regulatory laws to the Foundation 新公司或現有公司，只要符合以下成為基 Company accepting it. • 權利只是針對基金會公司強制執行； 金會公司的條件，均可向開曼群島公司註 • 取閱資料的權利只限「有利害關係人 The “firewall” feature of the Trusts Law 冊處(「註冊處」)提出申請，要求註冊處 (Revised) is extended to Foundation 士」享有，《基金會公司法》將該等 宣布公司是基金會公司： Companies; this gives protection against 人士定義為基金會公司任何股東、監 claims in foreign courts to the transfer of • 是股份有限公司或擔保有限公司，可 事、有權成為股東或監事的人士，或 assets to the Foundation Company. 以但不必擁有股本； 者根據基金會公司章程宣布為有利害 Conclusion • 已制定章程大綱： 關係人士的人士(「該等有利害關係人 士」)； The combination of traditional and - 列明公司是基金會公司； innovative features of a Foundation • 該等有利害關係人士與傳統公司的股 Company means that the Cayman - 載明公司宗旨(可以包括受益人)； 東一權，可以基金會公司名義或代表 Islands has introduced a flexible vehicle - 訂明在清盤時(直接或參閱章程細則) 基金會公司提出訴訟，強制董事執行 that is a valuable addition to all sectors of 處置盈餘資產的方式；及 the financial services industry. 職務；及 - 禁止向股東派發股息或其他利益； • 受益人不享有與基金會公司、其管理 Anthony Partridge, Partner, Ogier • 已訂立章程細則；及 或資產相關的權力或權利。 • 擁有一名秘書，秘書獲許可在開曼群 離岸 資產和投資 島提供公司管理服務(公司秘書)。 開曼群島不設成立基金會公司的最低資本 只要公司符合所有條件，註冊處會發出註 關於開曼群島基金會公司的新 要求。任何人士都可以將資產轉入基金會 冊證明書(向現存公司則發出新的註冊證明 法例指引 公司，不過公司秘書必須發出通知書，通 書)，宣布該公司是基金會公司。 知在監管法例下，似乎沒有反對基金會公 引言 公司章程 司接受資產轉入的規定。 開曼群島2017年《基金會公司法》已經 生效。基金會公司保留獨立法人資格及有 基金會公司的章程可以給予任何人士成為 《信託法》(經修訂)的「火場」(firewall)延 限法律責任，藉著專設的特徵和靈活性發 股東的權利。只要(i)公司章程大網准許； 伸到基金會公司；當有人在外國法庭對轉 揮功能，與依據民事法成立的基金會或依 及(ii)基金會公司繼續保留一名監事，而監 入基金會公司的資產提出權利要求時，「 據普通法成立的信託相似。 事有權出席股東大會並在會上投票(「公司 火場」發揮保護作用。 監事」)，基金會公司就可以終止擁有股 除了傳統繼承規劃工具之外，基金會公司 結論 東。在這些情況下終止擁有股東不影響公 的用途有望包括作為私人信託公司的控股 司的存續。除非公司章程許可，否則基金 基金會公司集合傳統和創新特色於一身， 公司、信託保護人或執行人、融資或商業 會公司一旦沒有股東，就不能夠收納新股 意味開曼群島已經在金融服務業引入新工 交易的特殊目的公司(包括在加密貨幣及其 東或發行股份。 具，增強整個行業的優勢。 他技術服務和產品方面)。 基金會公司會由基金會公司董事管理。基 - Anthony Partridge 合夥人， 對於私人客戶來說，基金會公司可以是信 金會公司會的營運和管理富有彈性，可以 奧傑律師事務所 託以外另一具有吸引力的選擇，尤其是在 信託所獲稅務優惠受到關注的民法適用地 Feel free to write in to us with more short contributions on latest industry developments 區，吸引力更大。 and trends. Simply contact the editor at: [email protected] 本刊歡迎各位提交短篇文章，廣大讀者分享業界的最新發展和動態。請與本刊編輯聯絡。 基金會公司可以用作為「無主」工具行 電郵： 事，成為投資基金的管理層股份；在私人 [email protected] 信託公司或在較廣泛的商業交易之中，是 The information provided here is intended to give general information only. It is not a complete statement 簡單的解決方案。 of the law. It is not intended to be relied upon or to be a substitute for legal advice in relation to particular circumstances. 法團地位 本欄所提供的資訊僅屬一般資訊，並不構成相關法律的完整陳述，亦不應被依賴為任何個案 作為根據《公司法》(經修訂)註冊成立的 中的法律意見或被視作取代法律意見。
68 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要
CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要
CIVIL EVIDENCE just resolution of the dispute, be given Chun Chuen [2009] 5 HKC 190, Law a chance to remedy their error if that Chung Fai v. Lam Ming Kuen (unrep., Daimler AG v. Helge Herbert Leiduck can be done without prejudice to P. HCPI 96/2008, [2010] HKEC 1410) [2017] HKEC 2509 There was no way to remedy that error applied; Yip Kwok Sun v. Poly-style other than by replacing K (Chinachem Court of First Instance Ltd (unrep., DCMP 2891/2011, [2013] Charitable Foundation Ltd v. Chan High Court Action No 4089 of 1994 HKEC 1729) not followed). (See Chun Chuen [2009] 5 HKC 190, Law paras. 53–54.) Lisa Wong J in Chambers Chung Fai v. Lam Ming Kuen (unrep., 25 April 2016, 16 November 2017 HCPI 96/2008, [2010] HKEC 1410) Application applied). (See paras. 44–45.) This was an application by the first and Civil evidence — expert evidence • V had canvassed different facets second defendants for leave to appoint — change of expert — whether of the issue from angles and with another person in place of their expert. to grant permission to replace reference to supporting materials The facts are set out in the judgment. one expert with another — which were not covered by K or P’s application of principles — expert and which would be conducive 民事證據 securing payment of costs to be to a just resolution of the issue. P’s ordered in favour of other party expert would have a full opportunity Daimler AG v. Helge Herbert Leiduck in consequence of allowing further to explain his analysis and [2017] HKEC 2509 application conclusions. (See paras. 46–47, 52.) 原訟法庭 • Permitting replacement would not 高院民事訴訟案1994年第4089號 In proceedings brought by P, D1, cause P any prejudice for which it 原訟法庭法官黃國瑛內庭聆訊 representing the estate of his deceased could not be adequately compensated father, applied for permission to appoint by costs. (See paras. 48–50.) 2016年4月25日、2017年11月16日 an expert, V, in place of the previously • Not too much weight was to be appointed expert, K. Although K had attached to the fact that V would have 民事證據 — 專家證據 — 更換專 declared that he was no longer available, seen P’s expert’s reports. There was the application to replace him was 家 — 是否准許換上另一人做專家 nothing to suggest that the experts’ not based on his unavailability, but his — 原則的應用 — 由於批准申請而 opinions would be different under an inability to deal with the issue on which exchange arrangement (Chinachem 要求繳存另一方將獲訟費令判給訟 expert evidence was to be given. Charitable Foundation Ltd v. Chan 費的保證金 Held, granting such permission subject Chun Chuen [2009] 5 HKC 190 原告人提出訴訟，第一被告人在訴訟中提 to a payment into court to secure applied). (See para. 51.) payment of the costs to be ordered in 出申請，要求法庭批准委任V為專家，接 • As for the view that permission to favour of P, that: 替之前被委任的專家K；第一被告人是他 replace K with V should have been • Ds were not seeking to replace an sought before obtaining a report from 已故父親的遺產代理人。雖然K已表明再 expert with one whose conclusion was V, it was not a view to be favoured. A 沒有時間做專家，但申請要求將K換走的 more favourable to them. K’s reports report by, or at least the preliminary 理據不是K沒有空，而是K無能力處理專家 were so inadequate and unhelpful views of, the proposed replacement 證據將會產生的爭論點。 that any party who was properly expert was necessary for the purpose 裁決 –給予允許，前提是向法庭繳存原告 advised would want to replace him. of demonstrating that her or his While Ds might be blamed for putting opinion is likely to facilitate the just 人將獲訟費令判給訟費的保證金： him forward as their expert in the first resolution of the dispute (Chinachem • 眾被告人不是要求更換一名所作推論 place, they should, in the interests of a Charitable Foundation Ltd v. Chan
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更有利他們的人來做專家。K的報告 CIVIL PROCEDURE appropriate. (See paras. 3, 10–12.) 乏善可陳，幫不到半點忙，任何聽取 Application 過正確意見的，都會想將他換走。雖 Qiyang Ltd v. Mei Li New Energy Ltd This was an application by the third 然眾被告人可能因為起初提出由他做 [2017] HKEC 2505 plaintiff and the trustees in bankruptcy 他們的專家而被責怪，但為了公平解 Court of Appeal for costs of an appeal in bankruptcy 決爭議，他們應獲給予糾正錯誤的機 Civil Appeal No 146 of 2016 proceedings. The facts are set out in the 會，只要糾正錯誤不影響原告人就可 Lam V-P and Barma JA judgment. 以了。除了換走K之外，沒有其他糾正 22 November 2017 錯誤的方法(引用Chinachem Charitable 民事訴訟程序 Foundation Ltd v Chan Chun Chuen Civil procedure — costs — appeal [2009] 5 HKC 190、Law Chung Fai — substitution of appellant where Qiyang Ltd v. Mei Li New Energy Ltd v Lam Ming Kuen (未經彙報，HCPI wrongly named by solicitor — [2017] HKEC 2505 96/2008，[2010] HKEC 1410))。(見 limits of solicitor’s warranty of 上訴法庭 第44–45段) authority — liability for costs — whether indemnity costs 民事上訊案件2016年第146號 • V多角度切入爭論點，從多方面說之以 appropriate 上訴法庭副庭長林文瀚 理，並參考K或原告人專家沒有處理的 上訴法庭法官鮑晏明 資料作為支持，這些資料將有助公平 In a bankruptcy appeal issued in the 2017年11月22日 解決爭論。原告人的專家會有充分機 name of D1 by S, a solicitors’ firm, the Court ordered the substitution of D1 by 會進一步解釋他的分析和結論。(見第 HB as the appellant (the Order) and, 民事訴訟程序 — 訟費 — 上訴 — 46–47、52段) subsequently, struck out the appeal due 律師錯稱上訴人，另一人被代入 to HB’s non-compliance with an unless • 批准更換專家不會對原告人造成不可 成為上訴人 — 律師權限保證的範 能用訟費補償的影響。(見第48–50 order. P3 and the trustees in bankruptcy 圍 — 訟費的法律責任 — 彌償訟 段) (the Applicants) sought costs of the appeal. 費是否合適 • V本來會見到原告人專家的報告，但 Held, that: 這不獲給予多大比重。沒有跡象顯示 在一宗由律師行S以D1名義提出的破產上 安排交換專家之後所得的專家意見 • There was no basis to order costs 訴中，法庭命令由HB替代D1成為上訴人 against D1, who was not and should 會不一樣(引用Chinachem Charitable (該命令)，隨後因為HB不遵守除非命令 not have been named as a party to (unless order)而將上訴剔除。P3和破產受 Foundation Ltd v Chan Chun Chuen the appeal. By the Order, HB was the [2009] 5 HKC 190)。(見第51段) effective appellant ab initio. (See paras. 託人(眾申請人)要求上訴訟費。 • 至於有意見認為，批准由V取替K的 4–5.) 裁決： 要求本來應該在取得V的報告之前提 • A solicitor did not warrant that his • 沒有理據判令D1支付訟費。D1不是 出，這個意見不獲贊同。為了證明建 client had the name by which he appeared in the proceedings, but only 上訴方，並且本來就不應該被稱為上 議換上的專家有可能提供加快公平解 that he had instructions to act and his 訴方。根據該命令，HB實際上一開始 決爭議的意見，被告人有必要得到他 client had authorised the proceedings 已經是上訴人。(第4–5段) 或她的報告，或者至少得到他或她的 (Nelson v Nelson [1997] 1 WLR 233, SEB • 律師保證的不是他的當事人以自己的 初步意見(引用Chinachem Charitable Trygg Liv Holding AB v. Manches [2006] 名義出庭，而只是他是按指示行事， Foundation Ltd v Chan Chun Chuen 1 WLR 2276 applied). (See para. 8.) 並且他的當事人已經授權進行法律 [2009] 5 HKC 190、Law Chung Fai • Here, notwithstanding S had wrongly 程序(引用Nelson v Nelson [1997] 1 v Lam Ming Kuen(未經彙報，HCPI named D1 as the appellant, it had been acting on HB’s instructions. Hence, WLR 233、SEB Trygg Liv Holding AB 96/2008，[2010] HKEC 1410)；不 even for pre-substitution costs, HB, not v Manches [2006] 1 WLR 2276)。 遵循Yip Kwok Sun v Poly-style Ltd(未 S, was liable, and given HB’s blatant (見第8段) 經彙報，DCMP 2891/2011，[2013] abuse of process, indemnity costs were HKEC 1729))。(見第53–54段) 應用 這是一宗向法庭申請許可的案件。第一及 第二被告人申請委任另一人代替他們專家 的許可。案情已在判決書詳細列出。
70 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要
• 在這宗案件，S雖然錯稱D1為上訴 GBFE’s causes of action were assigned 民事訴訟程序 人，但一直按照HB的指示行事。因 to P4 and P2–4’s causes of action were Asia-Pac Infrastructure Development 此，是HB，不是S，有支付訟費的法 subsequently assigned to P1. P1 sought Ltd v. Shearman & Sterling (a firm) 律責任，即使HB被代入成為上訴人之 discovery by D9 of documents which [2017] HKEC 2578 前的訟費亦然，另外，由於HB明顯濫 were highly relevant to one of the central issues of the action, namely the scope 用法律程序，按彌償基準計算訟費是 原訟法庭 of the retainer(s) between D9 and Ps 合適的。(見第3、10–12段) 高院民事訴訟案2006年第806號 (the Documents). D9 also wished to use 原訟法庭法官陳健強內庭聆訊 應用 the Documents, but believed they were 2 0 1 7 年 11月 2 2 - 2 3、2 9 日 這是一宗申請上訴訟費的案件。第三原告 subject to privilege jointly owned by any of Ps and inter alia three lay clients who 人和破產受託人在破產法律程序中申請上 were not parties to the action, namely H, 民事訴訟程序 — 披露文件 — 法律 訴訟費。案情已在判決書詳細列出。 who was prepared to provide a written 專業保密權 — 共同保密權 — 原告 waiver of the privilege but his trustees 人之一和律師行其他不涉訴訟的客 in bankruptcy disagreed as to whether 戶共同對所要求的文件享有保密權 CIVIL PROCEDURE he had the right to do so; the Firm; and a Hong Kong company which had been — 保密權不涉真正的利害關係或保 Asia-Pac Infrastructure Development Ltd dissolved by deregistration in 2009 and 密權申索 — 拒絕披露文件會對原 v. Shearman & Sterling (a firm) whose joint privilege might now belong 告人和律師不公平，因此不應因為 [2017] HKEC 2578 to the Government as bona vacantia. 保密權而阻止披露文件 Court of First Instance Held, granting the application in part, P1是香港公司。P2–4是英屬處女群島公 High Court Action No 806 of 2006 that: 司。P1–3由H控制，H是一間獨資經營 Anthony Chan J in Chambers • In an action by a former client against 企業(該公司)的律師。D1–2是在美國以 22–23, 29 November 2017 his solicitors, there was an “implied 有限責任合夥模式經營的律師行，D3–8 waiver” of privilege for documents 是該美國律師行的律師。D9是律師行。 Civil procedure — discovery which were subject to the retainer. — legal professional privilege This was to avoid injustice where 眾原告人針對眾被告人提起訴訟，指稱眾 — joint privilege — documents the solicitors needed to refer to 被告人在1999–2000年疏忽提供有關票 sought subject to privilege jointly privileged documents in their defence 據重組的意見，涉案票據由GBFE(控股公 owned by any of plaintiffs and (Nederlandse Reassurantie Groep 司是P4)發出。GBFE欠繳利息，聘用眾 other lay clients of solicitors’ firm Holding NV v. Bacon & Woodrow (No 被告人就此提供意見。票據持有人提出呈 — no real interest in privilege or 1) [1995] 1 All ER 976 applied). (See 請，GBFE在2000年清盤，眾原告人因此 paras. 22–23.) claim for privilege — privilege 損失慘重。GBFE的訴因被轉讓予P4，其 should not prevent disclosure as • Given that events took place almost 後，P2–4的訴因被轉讓予P1。P1要求 20 years ago, there remained no real refusal would result in injustice to D9披露與訴訟一個核心論點――D9和眾 plaintiff and solicitors interest in the joint privilege and/ 原告人之間律師聘約的範圍――有密切關 or no one had claimed privilege. In P1 was a Hong Kong company. P2–4 the unusual circumstances here, it 係的文件(該等文件)。D9亦想使用該等文 were BVI companies. P1–3 were was very difficult to see why the joint 件，但以為原告人之一和D9的客戶共同 controlled by H, a solicitor of a sole privilege should prevent disclosure of 對該等文件享有保密權，其中三名客戶， proprietorship (the Firm). D1–2 were a US the Documents when refusal would 即H、該公司、一間香港公司，並非訴訟 limited partnership law firm and D3–8 result in unfairness to D9 and P1. (See 一方；H準備以書面放棄保密權，只是他 individual lawyers therein. D9 was a paras. 24–29, 31.) 的破產受託人對他是否有權如此做不表贊 solicitors’ firm. Ps brought proceedings against Ds alleging negligent advice Application 同；該香港公司在2009年被註銷登記後 provided in 1999–2000 concerning the This was an application by the first 解散，其共同保密權成為無主財物(bona restructuring of certain exchange notes plaintiff in an action for negligent advice vacantia)，現在可能是歸政府所有。 (Notes) issued by GBFE (whose holding for discovery of documents described 裁決 –批准部分申請： company was P4), which defaulted as subject to privilege by the ninth on interest payments and engaged defendant-solicitor’s firm. The facts are • 在前客戶針對他的律師所提出的訴 Ds to advise it. On the Noteholders’ set out in the judgment. 訟之中，存在「默示放棄」(implied petition, GBFE was wound up in 2000 waiver)享有的文件保密權，而保密權 resulting in substantial losses to Ps. 的享有視律師聘約而定。這是要在律
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師有需要引述受保密權保護的文件作 against conviction, on the basis that the vehicle or otherwise involved in it. A 抗辯的時候，避免出現不公平的情況( word “use” in s. 52(1) of the RTO applied person may “use” a vehicle vicariously 引用Nederlandse Reassurantie Groep only to the driver of the vehicle and the through the agency of another Holding NV v Bacon & Woodrow driver’s employer where the driver was person. However, this is limited to employed to drive for the employer’s the employer of the person driving (No 1) [1995] 1 All ER 976)。(見第 affairs. or actively using the vehicle if the 22–23段) The Plaintiff appealed against the CFI driving or use is for the business of the • 事件發生在差不多二十年前，共同保 judge’s decision to the Court of Final employer. 密權始終不涉及真正的利害關係及∕ Appeal. • Although the CFI judge reached the correct conclusion he had decided 或沒有任何一方申索保密權。在此案 Held, dismissing the Plaintiff’s appeal, the case on the simplistic basis that 不尋常的情況裏，既然拒絕披露文件 that: the Defendant did not fall within the 會對D9和P1不公平，實在難以明白為 • The well-settled approach to statutory categories of “driver or his employer”. 甚麼應當因為共同保密權而阻止披露 construction requires the Court to The CFI judge should have analysed 該等文件。(見第24–29、31段) construe the relevant language used the actions of the Defendant to in s. 52(1) of the RTO in the light of determine if that activity amounted to 應用 its context and purpose. By using using the vehicle within s. 52(1) of the 這是一宗申請披露文件的案件。因為疏忽 two verbs “drive” and “use”, s. 52(1) RTO. 意見而提出的訴訟之中，第一原告人申 contemplates different meanings to • On the facts of this case, the 請要求文件披露，但第九被告人稱有關文 be attached to the two words. Defendant’s actions did not amount 件享有保密權。案情已在判決書詳細列 • To “drive” means to operate and to exercising a measure of control, control the course of a motor vehicle management or operation over the 出。 usually by sitting in the driver’s seat motor vehicle as a means of transport, CRIMINAL LAW and directly operating the vehicle, including any period of time between usually (but not necessarily) with the journeys, and therefore did not fall HKSAR v. Cheung Wai Kwong (張惠光) engine running, so as to cause it to within s. 52(1) of the RTO. [2017] HKEC 2771 move, change direction and stop. Depending on the reason for stopping, Morley Chow Seto Court of Final Appeal a person may still be driving the Criminal Appeal No. 4 of 2017 vehicle when it is stopped. Hon Ma CJ, Hon Ribeiro, Tang and Fok 刑事法 • To “use” a motor vehicle includes PJJ and Hon William Gummow NPJ driving, but also embraces a wider 香港特別行政區 訴 張惠光 22 December 2017 range of activities. It means the [2017] HKEC 2771 activity of exercising a measure of Meanings of "drive" and "use" an control, management or operation 終審法院 unlicensed vehicle - Road Traffic over the vehicle as a means of 刑事上訴案件2017年第4號 Ordinance transport, including any period of time 終審法院首席法官馬道立、終審法院常任 between journeys. However, to “use” 法 官 李 義、終 審 法 院 常 任 法 官 鄧 國 楨、終 The Defendant was charged with the a vehicle imports something more 審法院常任法官霍兆剛及終審法院非常 offence of using an unlicensed vehicle active than merely being “in charge 任法官甘慕賢 contrary to ss. 52(1)(a) and 52(10)(a) of of”. The term “in charge of” is found in the Road Traffic Ordinance, Cap. 374 the RTO in the sections creating the 2017年12月22日 (‘the RTO’) and another offence. The facts offences of driving under the influence were that the Defendant was seen sitting of alcohol or drugs. 「駕駛」和「使用」未獲發牌的車 in the driver’s seat of the car with the • Whether any particular activity headlights and reading light on; he bent 輛的涵義―《道路交通條例》 constitutes “use” will depend on the down inside the car and looked outside evidence, and the circumstances to be 被告人被控「使用未獲發牌的車輛」，違 from time to time; he switched off the taken into account will vary infinitely. 反香港法例第374章《道路交通條例》(「 headlights and alighted from and locked Each case will be one of fact and the car; and he walked towards the rear 《條例》」) 第52(1)(a)及52(10)(a)條， degree depending on various factors of the car. 亦被控另一罪行。案情指出，有人看見被 in the evidence. 告人坐在車輛的司機座位，當時車頭燈及 The Defendant appealed against the • The word “use” can apply to different 車內的閱讀燈均亮著；他在該車輛內不 conviction and sentence in relation to the types of person, including the owner offence of using an unlicensed vehicle. or lawful possessor of the vehicle or 時彎身及向外觀看；他關上車頭燈之後下 The Court of First Instance of the High recent driver of it, or someone who 車，鎖上車門；以及走向該車輛的車尾。 Court (‘CFI’) judge allowed the appeal is none of those but is sitting in the
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化。每宗個案取決於不同的證據因 led a successful medical mission to 素，須視乎事實和程度而定。 Mainland China in 1991. In 1992, D, an offshoot of P, was incorporated as • 「使用」一詞能夠應用於不同類別人 “Operation Smile – China Medical 士，包括車輛的車主或合法管有人， Mission Ltd” to provide specialised 或者最近駕駛該車輛的人士，又或者 medical services in Hong Kong, Macao 不是前述人士但是坐在車輛內或在其 and Mainland China with the express 他情況與之有關連的人士。某人可透 purpose of furthering P’s charitable 過另一人「使用」車輛，亦即「轉承 objectives. In 1998, P registered in Hong 使用」車輛。然而，這局限於駕駛或 Kong the trade mark “OPERATION 主動使用車輛人士的僱主，只要該人 SMILE” with two variants: one with a 士是因為該僱主的業務而駕駛或使用 motif of a globe between the two words and one with only the motif and no 車輛。 words. When D refused to enter into • 儘管終審法院法官得出正確的推論， a formal licensing agreement with P, 但他是在過度簡化的基礎上決定被告 P terminated D’s right to use its name 被告人被裁定「使用未獲發牌的車輛」罪 人不屬「駕駛者或他僱主」類別人士 and trade marks (the Termination) 名成立，他針對定罪及判刑上訴。高等法 的。終審法院法官應該分析被告人的 and required D to “cease and desist” 院原訟法庭法官裁定定罪上訴得直，理據 各項行動，以決定該行動是否構成《 in infringing its intellectual property 是《條例》第52(1)條的「使用」一詞僅 條例》第52(1)條的「使用」車輛。 rights. D changed its name to Beam 適用於車輛的駕駛者，如果駕駛者是為了 International Foundation Ltd, but • 基於此案案情，被告人的行動並不構 僱主的事務而駕駛車輛，適用於駕駛者的 continued using “operationsmile and 成控制、管理或操控車輛作為運輸工 “opsmile” as domain names which 僱主。 具(這包括各段車程之間的所有時間)， resolved to its website. D also applied 原告人不服原訟法庭法官的判決，上訴至 因此不屬《條例》第52(1)條的範圍之 to register marks for “Operation Smile” 終審法院。 內。 in English and Chinese characters (D’s Marks). P brought proceedings against 裁決 –駁回原告人的上訴： 麥樂賢周綽瑩司徒悅律師行 D for infringement of its trade marks • 用非常穩妥的方法解釋法定條文，法 and for passing off and sought summary 庭就得根據《條例》第52(1)條的文 judgment. D admitted using P’s trade 意及目的，詮釋該條文的相關用語。 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY marks after the Termination, but argued 立法機關在該條例第52(1)條用上「駕 that it shared goodwill in the trade marks with P and therefore had an arguable 駛」和「使用」兩個動詞，有考慮到 Operation Smile, Inc v. Beam International Foundation Ltd defence. 這兩個動詞的涵義並不相同。 [2017] HKEC 2579 Held, granting the application, that: • 「駕駛」即操作和控制汽車的進程， Court of First Instance 通常是一人坐在司機座位直接操作車 • Before removing itself from the aegis High Court Action No 1026 of 2015 of P, D had been no more than P’s 輛，汽車引擎多是(但不一定)開動著 Deputy Judge Seagroatt in Chambers alter ego, enjoying its goodwill, name 的，汽車因此行駛、改變方向及停下 21, 30 November 2017 and trade marks with its consent. (See 來。即使車輛已停車，視乎停車原因 para. 25.) 為何，司機仍可被視作正在駕駛車 Intellectual property — trade • On the evidence, D did not share 輛。 marks — infringement — passing goodwill in Hong Kong and the • 「使用」車輛包括駕駛車輛，也包含 off — use of infringing marks Mainland with P. D had not shown 更廣泛的行為。「使用」是指控制、 by separate former offshoot that P’s trade marks or name had 管理或操控車輛作為運輸工具，這包 of charity — similarity likely ceased to be distinctive of the former 括各段車程之間的所有時間。然而， to confuse public, particularly licensor. Nor had D shown that P’s 「使用」車輛較「掌管」車輛更為主 donors and sponsors — no goodwill had been extinguished defence — summary judgment (Reckitt & Colman Ltd v Borden Inc 動。「掌管」一詞有在《條例》中的 granted [1990] 1 All ER 873 applied). (See 另一些條文出現，例如關於在酒精或 paras. 30, 34.) 藥物的影響下駕駛汽車罪行的條文。 P, an American charity named “Operation • There had been passing off which Smile, Inc” whose volunteer medical • 某一特別行為是否構成「使用」將 threatened to continue. D’s acts professionals surgically repaired the 視乎證據而定，得考慮的情況千變萬 post-Termination misrepresented facial deformities of children worldwide,
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the relationship and were designed 知識產權 International Foundation Ltd，但繼續用「 to deceive — they were no longer operationsmile」和「opsmile」為域名，兩 associated and D had no right to Operation Smile, Inc v. Beam 個域名都解析到其網站。被告人亦申請註 International Foundation Ltd continue to use P’s name. (Coles v. 冊「Operation Smile」的英文和中英版(被 Need [1934] AC 82, Dawnay Day & Co [2017] HKEC 2579 告人的標誌)。原告人指控被告人侵犯並假 Ltd v. Cantor Fitzgerald Int’l [2000] 原訟法庭 RPC 669 applied). (See paras. 32–33, 冒其商標，針對被告人提出訴訟，並向法 高院民事訴訟案2015年第1026號 35–38.) 庭申請簡易判決。在終止事件發生後，被 高等法院暫委法官孫國治內庭聆訊 • D’s Marks were a blatant infringement 告人承認使用原告人的商標，但辯稱自己 of P’s intellectual property rights 2 0 1 7 年 1 1 月 2 1、3 0 日 與原告人共享商標的好名聲，因此具有可 and D had no defence. The similarity 爭辯的理由。 to, and in some respects identical 知識產權 — 商標 — 侵權 — 假冒 裁決 –批准申請： reproduction of, P’s marks registered — 慈善機構前獨立分支使用侵權標 in Hong Kong, were likely, even if not 誌 — 相似之處有可能在公眾間(特 • 擺脫原告人的蔭庇之前，被告人一 calculated, to confuse the public and 別是捐款人和贊助人)混淆視聽 — 直只是原告人的化身，在原告人同意 attract donations and sponsorship 沒有抗辯理由 — 批出簡易判決 下，享用商譽、名稱和商標。(見第25 from benefactors who intended them 段) for the original foundation in the US. 原告人是美國一間慈善機構，名為 • 根據證據，被告人不在香港和內地與 (See paras. 29, 38, 43.) Operation Smile, Inc，其醫療義工為全 原告人同享商譽。被告人沒有證明原 • (Per curiam) Practitioners were 球兒童進行外科整容手術。1991年，原 告人的商標或名稱已經不再由前特許 reminded that a witness statement, 告人在中國內地將醫療使命發揚光大。 affidavit and affirmation should 人獨有，也沒有證明原告人的商譽已 被告人是原告人的分支，1992年註冊成 cover only those issues on which the 經消失(引用Reckitt & Colman Ltd v witness could give evidence-in-chief 立為「Operation Smile – China Medical Borden Inc [1990] 1 All ER 873)。(見 and not contain any commentary on Mission Ltd」，目標明確，在香港、澳 第30、34段) or quotations from documents in the 門、中國內地提供專業醫療服務，致力推 trial bundle or engage in matters of 動原告人慈善助人的宗旨。1998年，原 • 被告人一直假冒商標，並要脅會繼續 argument (JD Wetherspoon plc v Harris 告人在香港註冊「OPERATION SMILE」 假冒下去。被告人在終止事件後的行 [2013] 1 WLR 3296). 為商標，註冊商標有兩個版本，一個在兩 為失實表陳關係，目的是欺騙――當 Application 個英文字之間夾著地球圖案，另一個只有 時原告人與被告人不再有關聯，被告 This was an application by the plaintiff 地球圖案，沒有英文字。被告人拒絕與原 人無權繼續使用原告人的名稱(引用 for summary judgment against the 告人正式訂立特許協議，原告人於是終 Coles v Need [1934] AC 82、Dawnay defendant in an action for infringement 止被告人使用其名稱和商標的權利(「終 Day & Co Ltd v Cantor Fitzgerald Int’l of trade marks and passing off. The facts 止事件」)，要求被告人「終止及停止」 [2000] RPC 669)。(見第32–33 are set out in the judgment. 侵犯它的知識產權。被告人改名為Beam 、35–38段) • 被告人的標誌明顯侵犯原告人的知識 產權，被告人沒有抗辯理由。與原告 人的香港註冊標誌有相近之處，甚至 某方面完全複製商標，即使不被計算 在內，也相當可能混淆公眾視聽，吸 引捐助人的捐款及贊助，但捐助人是 原定捐款到原先的美國公司的。(見第 29、38、43段) (法院作出判決)法律執業人員要記住，證 人陳述書、宗教式誓章、非宗教式誓 詞只應包括證人能夠提供主問證據的 問題，不包含任何對審訊文件冊內文 件的評論或引用，也不處理爭論問題 (JD Wetherspoon plc v Harris [2013] 1 WLR 3296)。
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應用 referring to the definition of “domestic give a special meaning to “dwelling 這是一宗申請簡易判決的案件。被告人被 building” in s. 6(22) of the Public Health houses” when they entered into and Buildings Ordinance 1903 (the the Lease (Pandix Ltd v. Hui Kam 控侵犯及假冒商標，原告人針對被告人， 1903 Ordinance), namely “any building Kwei (unrep., LDCS 4000/2009, 向法庭申請簡易判決。案情已在判決書詳 constructed, used, or adapted to be used, [2010] HKEC 1577) applied; Mexx 細列出。 wholly or partly, for human habitation …” Consolidated (Far East) Ltd v. Attorney and held that shop use was permitted General [1987] HKLR 1210, Raider provided the primary use of the buildings Ltd v Secretary for Justice [2000] 3 LAND LAW was residential; the phrase “or similar HKLRD 300, Incorporated Owners purposes”, covered commercial use and of Wing Ming Industrial Centre v. Cheermark Investment Ltd v. Director of the ejusdem generis rule did not apply. Mantex Supplies Co Ltd (unrep., Lands [2017] HKEC 2536 On X’s alternative case, the Tribunal held HCA 1505/2007, [2007] HKEC 1782) Court of Appeal that the Government, having known the distinguished). (See paras. 38–39, 42, Civil Appeal Nos 165 and 184 of 2016 Properties were used as shops for at least 44, 49–50.) Cheung CJHC, Yuen and Kwan JJA 50 years without taking enforcement • Third, even if primary user was the action, had abandoned the Covenant and 1, 2, 24 November 2017 relevant test, the primary use should s. 12(b) of the LRO, ie “no compensation be domestic in every part of the shall be given in respect of any use of building; and, in considering the the land which is not in accordance Land law — resumption — cumulative effect of the activities on with the terms of the Government lease the premises, there should be a link compensation — Government under which the land is held” did not between the primary and ancillary lease — restriction of user to preclude compensation according to the uses. Here, the shop use was wholly “dwelling house” prohibited acquiesced use. The Director of Lands distinct from the domestic use (Mexx shop use — acquiescence/ appealed, arguing that compensation Consolidated (Far East) Ltd v. Attorney abandonment of user covenant should have been assessed on the basis General [1987] HKLR 1210, Raider Ltd v. by Government — s. 12(b) did not of residential use. Secretary for Justice [2000] 3 HKLRD bar compensation for acquiesced Held, dismissing the appeals, that: 300, Pandix Ltd v. Hui Kam Kwei use — Lands Resumption (unrep., LDCS 4000/2009, [2010] Whether Covenant permitted use of Ordinance (Cap. 124) s. 12(b) HKEC 1577) applied). (See para. 52.) Properties as shops Words and phrases — “dwelling • Fourth, the Tribunal similarly erred houses” • The Tribunal erred in law in holding in giving a wide construction to “or that the Covenant permitted shop similar purposes” in the Covenant. [Lands Resumption Ordinance (Cap. 124) use of the Properties. First, “shop” did This should be construed as meaning s. 12(b)] not fall within the natural meaning the user was “similar” to any of the Xs each owned the ground floor unit (the of “dwelling houses” (Penny’s Bay specified purposes. The use as a Properties) of a multi-storey building Investment Company Ltd v. Director of shop did not have a similar purpose on land (the Land) under a Government Lands (No 2) (unrep., FACV 1 & 2/2017, to “dwelling houses” or the other lease granted in 1917 (the Lease) [2017] HKEC 2180), HKSAR v. Fugro specified users. (See paras. 54, 58.) which restricted the use of the Land to Geotechnical Services Ltd (2014) 17 • Whether Government waived “Reclamation building dwelling houses HKCFAR 755 applied). (See paras. 36, Covenant by abandonment workshops factories or godowns or 38, 111.) • However, on the facts found by similar purposes” without prior consent • Second, the Tribunal’s reliance on the Tribunal, there was no basis to (the Covenant). The occupation permit the statutory definition of “domestic overturn its determination that there was headed “Domestic Permit” and building” in 1903 Ordinance was was abandonment of the Covenant. stated that the buildings were for use misplaced. Inter alia, prima facie, (See paras. 70, 72.) for “domestic purposes”. The ground “dwelling house” and “domestic floor premises were used as shops, while building” appeared to have very • Whether Government could rely on s. the other floors were residences. The different meanings and the context 12(b) of LRO Government resumed the Land and and purpose of the 1903 Ordinance • The Tribunal’s construction of s. Xs sought compensation under s. 6(3) were substantially different from the 12(b) of the LRO was also correct. of the Lands Resumption Ordinance Covenant. There was also no evidence In light of its legislative history, the (Cap. 124) (LRO). In both cases, the that the Government and the lessee legislative intent of s. 12(b) was not to Lands Tribunal (the Tribunal) construed had intended to use the statutory exclude the waiver or abandonment “dwelling house” in the Covenant by definition of “domestic building” or to of a covenant in a Government lease.
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Further, the Tribunal’s construction 土地法 用給予補償」並不阻止按照默許用途作補 that the use of the land accorded with 償。地政總署署長上訴，論據是補償應該 the terms of the Lease at the date of Cheermark Investment Ltd v. Director 是在住宅用途的基礎上作評估的。 resumption, given the acquiescence of Lands [2017] HKEC 2536 裁決 –駁回上訴： in the user and abandonment of 上訴法庭 the Covenant, was consistent with 民事上訊案件2016年第165、184號 該契諾是否准許該等物業作店舖用途 the principles that the subject of compensation was the claimant’s 高等法院首席法官張舉能 • 審裁處裁定該契諾准許該等物業作 estate and interest in the land at the 上訴法庭法官袁家寧 店舖用途，在法律上犯了錯。首先， time of resumption and this must be 上訴法庭法官關淑馨 「店舖」不符合「住宅房屋」的正常 valued based on any potential lawful 2 0 1 7 年 11月 1、2、2 4 日 涵義(引用Penny’s Bay Investment use (Director of Lands v. Yin Shuen Company Ltd v Director of Lands (No Enterprises Ltd (2003) 6 HKCFAR 1 2) (未經彙報，FACV 1 & 2/2017 applied). (See paras. 86–87, 90–92.) 土地法 — 收回土地 — 補償 — 政府 ，[2017] HKEC 2180)、HKSAR • Finally, without clear language to 租契 — 限制用途為「住宅房屋」 v Fugro Geotechnical Services Ltd the contrary, the words “terms of ，禁止作店舖用途 — 政府默許∕ (2014) 17 HKCFAR 755)。(見第36 the Government lease” in s. 12(b) did 放棄用途契諾 — 第12(b)條不阻止 、38、111段) not mean “the express terms” of the 就默許用途作補償 — 《收回土地 lease. In resumption cases, under the 條例》(第124章)第12(b)條 • 其次，審裁處以1903年條例裡「住 principle of equivalence, the emphasis 用建築物」的法定定義為依據是張冠 was on full and fair compensation 用字和短語 — 「住宅房屋」 李戴。除了別的之外，表面上，「住 subject to any statutory qualifications 宅房屋」和「住用建築物」的涵義似 (Attorney-General v. Horner (1884) 14 [《收回土地條例》(第124章)第12(b)條] 乎大不相同，1903年條例的背景和目 QBD 245 applied; The Queen v Board 根據一份在1917年批出的政府租契(該租 的與該契諾的亦有天淵之別。此外， of Arbitrators, ex parte Attorney General 契)，兩名申請人擁有某幢位於土地(該土 (1955) HKLR 47, Re A Compensation 並無證據證明，當政府和承租人訂立 地)上的多層建築物的地下單位(該等物業) Board, ex parte Attorney General [1971] 該租契的時候，他們是預定用「住用 ，該租契限制該土地用於「開墾，興建住 HKLR 338 considered). (See paras. 建築物」的法定定義，或者給「住宅 宅房屋、工場、工廠、倉庫或相近目的」 106–107.) 房屋」一個特別的涵義(引用Pandix ，不用經事先同意(該契諾)。佔用許可證 Appeals Ltd v Hui Kam Kwei(未經彙報，LDCS 給標上「住用許可證」並述明該建築物作 These were appeals by the Director 4000/2009，[2010] HKEC 1577) 「住用用途」。地下處所是作店舖之用， of Lands against the judgments of ；有別於Mexx Consolidated (Far 其他樓層作住宅之用。政府收回該土地， the Lands Tribunal concerning the East) Ltd v Attorney General [1987] 兩名申請人根據《收回土地條例》(第124 compensation payable to the first and HKLR 1210、Raider Ltd v Secretary 章)(《條例》)第6(3)條要求補償。在兩宗 second applicants upon resumption for Justice [2000] 3 HKLRD 300 of land. The facts are set out in the 案之中，土地審裁處(審裁處)參考1903年 、Incorporated Owners of Wing Ming judgment. 《公共衛生及建築物條例》(Public Health Industrial Centre v Mantex Supplies and Building Ordinance)(1903年條例)第 Co Ltd(未經彙報，HCA 1505/2007 6(22)條賦予「住用建築物」的定義，解 ，[2007] HKEC 1782))。(第38–39 釋該契諾中的「住宅房屋」，即是「任何 、42、44、49–50段) 建造、使用、改裝以完全或部分作人類居 • 第三，即使主要用途是相關測試， 住用途的建築物」，然後裁定，假如該建 該建築物每一部分都應該以家居用途 築物主要是作住宅用途，店舖用途是予以 為主；而考慮處所上活動的累積效果 准許的；短語「或相近目的」涵蓋商業用 時，主要用途和附帶用途之間應該有 途，因此同類法則(the ejusdem generis 一種聯繫。在這宗案件之中，店舖用 rule)不適用。根據其中一名申請人的交替 途和家居用途是截然不同的兩種用途 案情，審裁處裁定政府明知該等物業被用 (引用Mexx Consolidated (Far East) 作店舖至少50年，但沒有採取執法行動， Ltd v Attorney General [1987] HKLR 放棄了該契約和《條例》第12(b)條，即 1210、Raider Ltd v Secretary for 「凡根據政府租契持有土地而不按照政府 Justice [2000] 3 HKLRD 300、Pandix 租契的條款使用土地，則不得就該項使
76 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案 例 撮 要
Ltd v Hui Kam Kwei(未經彙報，LDCS REGULATORY securities’ for the purpose of s. 300; 4000/2009，[2010] HKEC 1577)) • The applicability of s. 300 to the 。(見第52段) The Securities and Futures Commission purchase and sale of securities listed v. Young Bik Fung and Others on an overseas stock exchange; • 第四、審裁處同樣錯在給予該契諾裡 [2017] HKEC 2414 • Whether the judge correctly drew 「或相近目的」一個廣泛的解釋。這 CACV 33/2016 certain factual inferences against 應該被解釋為用途與任何指明目的「 them; and Civil Appeal No 33 of 2016 相近」。店舖用途與「住宅房屋」或 • Whether the judge was correct to Hon Lam VP, Kwan and McWalters JJA 其他指明的目的沒有相近的目的。(見 make a restoration order against 9 November 2017 第54、58段) Stella. Counsel for the three defendants argued • 政府有否放棄該契諾 Court of Appeal Upholds Insider that: • 審裁處裁定該契諾被放棄了。然而， Dealing and Fraud Decision • There was no fraud or deception 基於審裁處認定的事實，並沒有理據 in favour of SFC against Two Solicitors practised in the transaction involving 撤銷審裁處的裁定。(見第70、72段) securities because • 政府可否以《條例》第12(b)條為依據 Case background ° their alleged fraudulent activities involve two separate transactions, ie • 審裁處對《條例》第12(b)條的解釋也 On 9 November 2017, the Court of Appeal (‘CA’) dismissed the appeal by a solicitor, the purchase and a sale; and 是正確的。鑒於立法歷史，第12(b) Eric Lee, and Eric’s two sisters, Patsy Lee ° the information had already ceased 條的立法原意不是排除放棄或摒棄政 and Stella Lee, against the judgment by to be insider information by the time 府租約中的契諾。此外，考慮到用途 the Court of First Instance (‘CFI’) finding of the sale; 已獲默許及該契約已被放棄，審裁處 them guilty of insider dealing and fraud, • Section 300 was not applicable 的解釋，即在收回土地日期，該土地 following prosecution Securities and to their conduct in relation to the Futures Commission (‘SFC’) under s. 213 的用途符合該租契的條款，符合兩項 Hsinchu Bank shares because of the Securities and Futures Ordinance 原則，一是政府收回土地時的補償 (‘SFO’). ° the Hong Kong courts have no 主體是申索人的房地產和土地權益， jurisdiction over trading activities The prosecution concerned their carried out on the Taiwanese Stock 一是補償必須根據任何潛在的合法 dealings in the shares of a Taiwan- Exchange; 用途作評估(引用Director of Lands v listed bank, Hsinchu International the supposed victims of their Bank Co Ltd (‘Hsinchu Bank’) in 2006 ° Yin Shuen Enterprises Ltd (2003) 6 alleged fraudulent activities were and in the shares of Asia Satellite HKCFAR 1)。(見第86–87、90–92 not counterparties to their trades Telecommunications Holdings Ltd 段) conducted on the Taiwanese Stock (‘AsiaSat’) in 2007. The CFI found that Exchange; • 最後，既然沒有明確的相反涵義，第 Eric, Patsy and 1st Defendant Betty Young the alleged fraudulent or deceptive 12(b)條的「政府租契的條款」不是 contravened the SFO by insider dealing ° activities and the trading activities 指該租契的「明確條款」。根據等價 in the shares of AsiaSat and s. 300 of the SFO by engaging in fraud or deception were not sufficiently related to form 原則，收回土地時所強調的，是在符 in transactions involving the shares of the elements of s. 300; 合法定限制的情況下，作出十足並 Hsinchu Bank. • The CFI failed to properly consider the 公平的補償(引用Attorney-General v evidence they adduced at trial. The CFI made orders (i) declaring that Horner (1884) 14 QBD 245；考慮 they have contravened or were concerned • Stella argued that she should not be The Queen v Board of Arbitrators, ex in their fellow defendants’ contravention ordered to restore her counterparties parte Attorney General (1955) HKLR of the SFO; and (ii) that they return since she was found not to have participated in the insider dealing. 47、Re A Compensation Board, ex the profits from those illicit dealings in Hsinchu Bank shares and to restore parte Attorney General [1971] HKLR CA’s Decision the counterparties to their pre-dealing The CA disagreed and held that: 338)。(見第106–107段) positions in respect of AsiaSat shares. • The buying and the selling of the 上訴 Grounds of Appeal shares constituted the transaction 這是兩宗上訴案。土地審裁處就政府收回 Eric, Patsy and Stella’s grounds of appeal involving securities under section 300 土地時應付第一和第二申請人的補償作 focused on the following issues: and Betty owed a continuous duty 出判決；地政總署署長不服判決，提出上 • Whether the alleged fraudulent or to disclose the misuse of the insider information even after the sale offer 訴。案情已在判決書詳細列出。 deceptive conduct in respect of the dealings of Hsinchu Bank shares was made public, thus there was occurred ‘in a transaction involving deception.
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• Hong Kong courts had jurisdiction to 第213條，對李國華、李國華的姊姊李少 並非是與他們在臺灣證券交易所進 hear this case because 英及李少芬展開民事法律程序；三名被告 行交易的對手； the preponderance of the fraudulent 人被控進行內幕交易及欺詐，在原訟法庭 ° ° 涉嫌進行的欺詐或欺騙活動與有關 activities involving the Hsinchu Bank 被裁定罪名成立，他們不服判決，向上訴 交易活動之間並無充分關連以構成 shares took place in Hong Kong; 法庭上訴。2017年11月9日，上訴法庭駁 第300條的元素； ° the application of s. 300 of the 回上訴。 SFO would not be limited to a case • 原訟法庭未有妥善考慮他們在審訊期 in which the counterparties in the 控方關注2006年涉及在臺灣上市的新 間援引的證據。 securities transaction were the 竹國際商業銀行股份有限公司(「新竹銀 • 李少芬質疑，她不應被命令回復交易 victims of the fraud; and 行」)股份的交易，以及2007年涉及亞洲 對手的情況，因為她被認定沒有參與 ° there was a substantial measure 衛星控股有限公司(「亞洲衛星」)股份的 內幕交易。 of the activities constituting the 交易。原訟法庭裁定李國華、李少英及第 contravention of s. 300 of the SFO 一被告人楊碧鳳進行亞洲衛星股份的內幕 上訴法庭的裁決 took place in Hong Kong; 交易而違反《條例》相關規定，並因在進 上訴法庭不同意上述論點並裁定： • The CFI did properly consider the 行涉及新竹銀行股份的交易時，使用欺詐 defendants’ evidence and draw proper • 根據第300條，買賣股份構成證券交 inferences. 或欺騙手段而違反《條例》第300條。 易，即使是向公眾提出銷售要約之 • The CA also upheld the restoration 原訟法庭命令(i)宣布他們違反《條例》相 後，楊碧鳳仍持續有責任披露內幕消 order against Stella because 關規定、宣布他們牽涉入其他被告人的違 息被誤用，因此有欺騙手段。 ° there is no suggestion that a 規活動；及(ii)他們退還涉及新竹銀行股份 • 香港法庭有司法管轄權聆訊這宗案 restoration order to deprive her of 的非法交易所得利潤，使有關亞洲衛星股 件，理由是 her profits would unfairly prejudice 份交易的交易對手回復至他們在交易發生 her; and ° 大多數涉及新竹銀行股份的欺詐活 前的狀況。 動是在香港發生； ° her investment decisions were influenced, if not prompted by, the 上訴理由 ° 《條例》第300條並非只限於在證 disclosure to her of information, 李國華、李少英及李少芬的上訴理由聚焦 券交易對手為欺詐受害人的案件中 advice or tips that were based on 才適用；及 the inside information even though 於以下爭論點： 構成違反《條例》第300條的活動 she was unaware of that. • 被指稱涉及新竹銀行股份交易的欺詐 ° 有一大部分是在香港發生的； Tanner De Witt 或欺騙手段是否在第300條所指的「 涉及證券……的交易中」發生； • 原訟法庭已妥善考慮各被告的證據並 作出恰當推論。 監管 • 第300條對買賣海外證券交易所上市 證券的適用性； • 上訴法庭亦維持對李少芬作出回復原 T h e S e c u r i t i e s a n d F u t u r e s C o m m i s s i o n 狀令，理由是 v Young Bik Fung and Others • 法官是否正確地作出不利他們的事實 沒有跡象顯示剝奪她的利潤的回復 [2017] HKEC 2414 推論；及 ° 原狀令會不公平對損害她；及 CACV 33/2016 • 法官向李少芬頒發回復原狀令是否正 她如果不是在受到有關人士向她披 民事上訊案件2016年第33號 確。 ° 露源於內幕消息(雖然她對此並不知 民事上訊案件2016年第33號 三名被告人的代表律師質疑： 情)的資訊所影響，就是被此促使作 • 證券交易不涉及欺詐或欺騙手段，理 上訴法庭副庭長林文瀚 出投資決定。 上訴法庭法官關淑馨 由是 Tanner De Witt 上訴法庭法官麥偉德 ° 他們涉嫌進行的欺詐活動涉及兩宗 2017年11月9日 獨立交易，即一買一賣；及 ° 資料在售賣股份時已經不是內幕消 上訴法庭判證監會勝訴，維持兩 息； For full summaries and judgments, please refer 名事務律師進行內幕交易及欺詐 • 第300條不適用於他們就新竹銀行股 to Westlaw and Hong Kong Law Reports & 的定罪判決 份作出的行為，理由是 Digest at www.westlaw.com.hk. 就完整的摘要和判決書，請到 香港法院對他們在臺灣證券交易所 案件背景 ° www.westlaw.com.hk 參閱Westlaw 進行的交易活動並無司法管轄權； 證券及期貨事務監察委員會(「證監會」) 及《香港法律彙報與摘錄》。 根據《證券及期貨條例》(「《條例》」) ° 他們涉嫌進行的欺詐活動的受害者
78 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • PRACTICE SKILLS 實 踐 技 能
PRACTICE SKILLS 實踐技能
Improving Advocacy – Five Points to Think About
By Cliff Chow, Litigation and Contentious Regulatory, Of Counsel Allen & Overy
he success of any legal career One or two practice runs should help • What is the significance of this topic depends, in no small part, on identify any such issues, giving a chance to to the audience to whom I will pres- Tthe ability to communicate refine delivery, to make it tighter and more ent? arguments and ideas persuasively and structured. Better yet, organise a mock run • How will the audience, or their prac- with impact. Advocacy is crucial not in front of colleagues and ask for feedback. tice or business, be impacted by what only in court or arbitral proceedings, I am presenting on? during negotiations around a deal table, 2. Know your topic; know your The aim is that at the end of the or in communications with regulators, audience presentation, the audience should but also in a multiplicity of other areas, There is no need to elaborate on the clearly understand the relevance of such as when delivering pitches or obvious importance of mastering the materials, and should not be left presentations, when having a difficult your topic, and being prepared for wondering “so what?” conversation with a client or when counterarguments or questions. seeking to progress your own career in 3. Let your personality shine an appraisal or partnership process. What is also important, but easier forgotten, is to think about and cater the through This article highlights five simple points delivery to your audience. Ken Haemer, Some speakers give the unfortunate to help practitioners improve on this former AT&T presentation research impression that they wish they were important skill. manager, highlights the point in the elsewhere, doing anything other than context of presentations: “Designing a speaking at that time. Some sound 1. Practice your delivery presentation without an audience in mind interested in their topic (even if the Save for very seasoned or natural is like writing a love letter and addressing topic may be quite boring), and make speakers, most of us will need to put in it: To Whom It May Concern.” the audience feel that they should be the time to organise our thoughts and interested, too. You want to be the latter To make delivery relevant to the audience, to practice our delivery. Even for familiar speaker. you need to step into their shoes, to topics, it is still worth doing so. It is actively think about issues such as what One of the best tips on presentations one thing to understand the material they already know (or do not know) about I have heard given to juniors was: “Let yourself, and quite another to present on the topic, why they should spend time your personality shine through – but them in a way that is clear, succinct, and listening to you, what they would be don’t giggle.” Have a bit of flair and impactful. interested in or concerned about, and what personality in the delivery. It is also vital By practicing out loud, any problems questions they may have about the topic. to sound interested in your topic: if you with delivery should become apparent. are not interested, it will be difficult to One technique to help focus delivery on Common issues include wordiness, persuade the audience to be interested. the target audience is to put questions to taking too long to go through yourself. For example: When it comes to speaking about less background and peripheral issues, losing interesting topics – and oftentimes focus on the crux of the matter, or having • Why should the audience know about, the topics that lawyers need to talk an unclear structure. or be interested in, this topic?
www.hk-lawyer.org 79 • February 2018
about fall in this category – try to have something lighthearted to 改善訟辯技巧的五個要點 say provided the occasion permits. 作者 Cliff Chow 訴訟及爭議性規管之顧問 Allen & Overy Granted, a lot of legal topics do not naturally lend themselves to jokes, but if you can manage to come up 何法律事業要取得成功，很大程度上 • 這個題目對我將演說的聽眾有什麼意義？ with some, it can help to capture the 任取決於擁有表達論點和理念，說服 • 我的演說內容將如何影響聽眾或他們業 audience’s attention, or at least to 別人的能力。訟辯不僅在法庭或仲裁程序、 務？ wake them up. 在進行交易談判或與監管機構溝通時十分重 目標是在演說結束時，聽眾清楚了解材料與 要，在許多其他方面，例如進行演講、與 他們有何相干，而不應讓人覺得「那又怎麼 4. Let your personality 客戶進行困難的商討，甚至在工作表現評估 樣？」。 shine through… but keep 或晉身合夥人過程中事更上一層樓，亦是關 your cool 鍵。 3. 讓個性顯現 Be excited, but be sure to keep your 有些講者給人的印象是不情不願，恨不得快 cool, especially if you are of a more 本文介紹五個簡單的要點，幫助法從業人員 點離開現場。有些看來對話題興緻勃勃(即 passionate disposition. For instance, 提高這個重要的技能。 使話題可能很無聊)，也讓聽眾覺得他們也 try not to shout expletives at the 1. 練習演說 other side in a mediation: England 應該感興趣。你想當後者。 除了經驗豐富或與生俱來的演講者，大多數 and Wales Solicitors Disciplinary 我給後輩的最佳提示之一是：讓你的個性顯 Tribunal, Case No. 11534-2016, 人都需要花時間來組織思想和練習演說。即 現，但不要傻笑。演講時帶點魅力和個性， judgment dated 19 June 2017, 使話題熟悉，仍然值得花時間練習。自己熟 令聽眾對話題感興趣也至關重要：如果你自 paragraph 39 悉資料是一回事，以清晰、簡潔、有影響力 己也不感興趣，就很難說服觀眾感興趣。 的方式來呈現資料又是另一回事。 5. Stories and anecdotes 當話題比較沒趣時(而律師需要談論的話題 通過大聲練習，演說的任何問題都應該顯而 can work well 往往屬於這類)，只要一有機會，盡可能說 易見。常見的問題包括冗長、花費太長時間 Last year, I noticed two different 些輕鬆的話。誠然，很多法律話題都不宜開 闡述背景和次要問題而忽略問題的癥結，或 debating styles while listening to the 玩笑，但如果你能想出一些點子，就能吸引 Pence-Kaine US vice-presidential 結構不清晰。 聽眾的注意力，或者至少喚醒他們。 candidates debate: Mike Pence used 練習一、兩次應該有助找出以上問題，令你 more anecdotes, for instance talking 有機會改善演說，使其更緊湊而有條理。最 4. 讓個性顯現，但保持冷靜 about his police officer uncle to make 要興奮，但也一定要保持冷靜，尤其是如果 a point about law enforcement; Tim 後 在同事面前模擬演說一次以取得反饋意 Kaine spent more time laying out 見。 你的性格較易激動暴躁。例如，盡量不要在 the policies. Leaving aside politics, 調解時大聲喧嚷(見英格蘭和威爾斯律師紀 2. 熟悉話題，了解聽眾 I thought that Mike Pence was more 律審裁處，案件編號11534-2016，2017年 eloquent. 掌握主題，為反駁或問題作好準備，其重要 6月19日的判決第39段)。 性不用多說。 For better or worse, humans, for 5. 配合故事和趣聞軼事 the most part, naturally pay more 但往往容易遺忘了考慮和迎合演說的聽眾。 去年收聽美國副總統候選人彭斯／凱恩的選 attention to anecdotes than to plain 前AT＆T演講研究經理Ken Haemer強調了這 舉辯論時，我注意到兩種不同的辯論方式： statements of facts. In speeches, 一點：「設計演講時沒有目標聽眾，就像寫 presentations, or debates, use stories 彭斯說了更多趣聞軼事，例如用他的警察叔 一封情書時抬頭寫：敬啟者。」 and anecdotes to your advantage. 叔來說明執法問題，而凱恩則花了更多的時 Often, the most impactful and 為了演說與聽眾建立連繫，你需要代入聽眾 間來闡明政策。不談政治，我認為彭斯的口 convincing anecdote is experience 的身份，思考一系列問題：他們已經知道(或 才更佳。 that is personal to you that you can 不知道)這個題目的甚麼，為什麼他們應該要 趣聞軼事和事實陳述，前後自然更吸引人類 share. Alternatively, borrow the 時間聽你說，他們對什麼感興趣或關心，及 experience of colleagues or others. 的注意力。在演講、發言或辯論中使用趣聞 他們可能對題目有什麼問題。 You sound more convincing when you 軼事能增強你的優勢。通常最具影響力和最 can say: “We have seen this, and we 自我提問有助把注意力集中於目標聽眾，例 令人信服的軼事，就是你可以分享的個人經 have handled it this way.” n 如： 驗，或借用同事或其他人的經驗。當你說「 • 為什麼聽眾應該了解或對這個題目感興 我們遇過這個情況，而我們這樣處理了」， 趣？ 聽起來就更有說服力。n
80 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會 員 動 向 PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向
Newly-Admitted Members 新 會 員
AU WING CHI CHEUNG WOON HO MAN TSUN MICHELLE YEE DORA THOMAS 歐穎芝 張煥怡 賀文駿
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CHENG ON TAO FUNG GEOFFREY IRVINE JANET ANDREW GERALD ANNE 鄭安濤 馮鈞澤 DEUTSCHE BANK ROBERTSONS AG, HONG KONG 羅拔臣律師事務所 BRANCH
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KOON HO LEE YOLK SUN MAHBUBANI ANDREW EUZANE SONYA 管浩 李旭辰 HOWSE WILLIAMS WOO & CO., P.C. MORRISON & BOWERS 胡百全律師事務所 FOERSTER 何韋鮑律師行 美富律師事務所
KU KA SIU LEE KA YEE MIU YIN YAN ANN ALEXANDER 李家儀 苗延恩 古家兆 CHARLTONS 易周律師行
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KWOK YAU LUI HO PANG SIN LONG SHING 呂昊朋 單朗 郭又誠
KWONG LUK MAN CHUN SO LOK LING CHEUK MAN ALEX ESTHER CHARMAINE 陸文駿 蘇諾靈 鄺芍敏 YUEN PETER & ASSOCIATES 阮葆光律師事務所
LAU WING SUM LYN KER TING SUEN MAN HIN 劉穎芯 DEBBIE 孫文軒 林可婷 ROBERTSONS 羅拔臣律師事務所
LEE CHOI HA MA CHING SUEN WING YIU 李彩霞 馬靖 PHOEBE 孫穎瑤 LI & PARTNERS MA TANG & CO. 李偉斌律師行 馬世欽鄧文政黃和崢 吳慈飛律師行
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TAM HO YEUNG TSO WANG HO WONG WING YU 譚浩揚 曹宏灝 黃穎瑜 WOO & CO., P.C. 胡百全律師事務所
TAM KAL WAI TSOI HON TING WONG YUET KI 譚稼維 蔡瀚庭 TINA MAK & CO., B. 王悅淇 麥耀華律師行
TANG HO YIN WAN TSZ YING YAN KAR CHUN 鄧浩然 DOROTHY JONATHAN 子瑩 忻家進
TONG HO TING WONG HON TING YAU KA SIU ALEX 唐浩霆 黃瀚霆 丘家兆 LI & PARTNERS HOWSE WILLIAMS 李偉斌律師行 BOWERS 何韋鮑律師行
TSANG YIU TING WONG LO YEUNG WING YIN MARTIN 王露 楊穎賢 曾耀霆 KING & WOOD LEUNG & LAU CHIU & PARTNERS MALLESONS 梁寶儀劉正豪律師行 趙不渝 馬國強律師 金杜律師事務所 事務所
TSE HOI YEE WONG MAN JO YIP CHUN BON JOCELYN JOSEPH 葉振邦 謝凱怡 黃文藻 MAYER BROWN ROBERTSONS JSM 羅拔臣律師事務所 孖士打律師行
TSE MAN YEE WONG TEEN LONG YIP ZHENG YIU VERONICA CHARLES STEPHANIE 謝汶懿 黃天朗 FLORENCE 葉靖瑤
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YIU CHUN YUE HAU SIN YUNG LIU DI TSANG HIU MAN JEFF 侯倩蓉 劉荻 曾曉敏 姚晉宇 LEUNG & LAU LO CHEUK HIM WOO & CO., P.C. 梁寶儀劉正豪律師行 盧卓謙 胡百全律師事務所 HUI SZE MAN LO CHEUK YUET IVA TSE YING YING ALICE 許思敏 盧芍悅 謝瑩瑩 CFN LAWYERS LUI MAN KI CYNTHIA TSOI CHEUK LEUNG 陳馮吳律師事務所 蔡卓良 YUEN XUE-YING 呂漫淇 KEUNG YUN YEE JANICE BAKER & MCKENZIE CATHY LUK CHING SZE JODY 姜欣怡 貝克‧ 麥堅時律師事務所 阮雪穎 陸正思 BOC GROUP LIFE TSUI PUI KI ASSURANCE CO., LTD. MA SAU MEI 徐珮琪 馬秀媚 KWOK HILL TONE PAYNE CLERMONT VELASCO CHOI, LEUNG & 郭曉桐 彭林韋律師事務所 ASSOCIATES ZHONG LUN LAW FIRM 蔡，梁律師事務所 TUNG TSING YAN JANICE ZHU LIANG 中倫律師事務所 董晴欣 朱亮 MAK CHI-YAN CYNTHIA KWOK SZE NGA 麥羨章 ROBERTSONS 郭施雅 羅拔臣律師事務所 CHOW C.L. & MACKSION LAI YING PHEK CHAN WAN MAN HING KATIE 黎凝璧 周卓立陳啟球陳一理律師事 溫文卿 CHENG & WONG 務所 WONG HOI FAI ALBERT 鄭黃律師行 MAK KAM HUNG 黃凱暉 麥淦鴻 CHAN HUNG LAM KEI SIN ZHONG LUN LAW FIRM 陳葒 林紀善 MAN CHING HANG 中倫律師事務所 LEE WILLIAM AND 文靜珩 CHAN PAK MING DARREN ASSOCIATES WONG SHUI KI KEITH 陳伯銘 WOO & CO., P.C. 黃瑞麒 李偉生律師事務所 胡百全律師事務所 CHAU & CO., K.B. LIU, CHAN & LAM 周啟邦律師事務所 LAM LOK MAN MAN WING YIN VENUS 廖陳林律師事務所 林樂雯 文穎然 CHIK YU HIN IVAN WONG TAT SAN 植宇軒 LAU KA KI NGAN SZE TING 黃達燊 劉家琪 HOWSE WILLIAMS BOWERS 顏思婷 SULLIVAN & CROMWELL 何韋鮑律師行 WANG & CO., ANGELA HOBSON & MA (HONG KONG) LLP 王培芬律師事務所 何柏生馬華潤律師行 蘇利文‧克倫威爾律師事務所 CHONG MAN YAN (香港)有限法律責任合夥 莊文欣 LAU SUET KAN JENNIFER SHAW TIMOTHY ENOCH 劉雪芹 WONG WAI YING CHU KIN HANG EVERSHEDS SUTHERLAND 邵恩諾 王慧瑛 朱建行 安睿順德倫國際律師事務所 HERBERT SMITH FREEHILLS WONG YEE KI ISABELLA CHU WAI MAN LEE MAN KI 史密夫斐爾律師事務所 黃伊埼 朱慧敏 李敏祺 ROBERTSONS SHEN YIJIN YAO QING TSUI & CO. 沈昳瑾 姚青 羅拔臣律師事務所 徐國森律師事務所 SMYTH VICTORIA-EMILE TSUN & PARTNERS CHUNG MING YAN CECILIA LEUNG KA TIK RANDA 秦覺忠律師行 鍾明欣 梁家的 SZE KA YEE 施嘉怡 YIP MAN WA DING YIRAN LEUNG & LAU 葉敏華 ZIMMERN & CO., F. 丁怡然 梁寶儀劉正豪律師行 施文律師行 DALY, HO & ASSOCIATES FONG CHING YEE JAIME LI YIK HO 帝理何律師行 方靖頤 李亦豪 TAM WING SZE VIVIAN 譚詠詩 EVERSHEDS SUTHERLAND GAO SHIYUE AKIN GUMP STRAUSS 安睿順德倫國際律師事務所 高詩悅 HAUER & FELD AHERN LAWYERS 艾金‧崗波律師事務所
84 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會 員 動 向
Partnerships and Firms 合夥人及律師行變動
changes received as from 1 December 2017 取自2017年12月1日起香港律師會所提供之最新資料
• ANG CHEE KHIAN DESMOND • CHOW JUSTIN TING FUN • LAM MAN HUEN became a partner of Sidley Austin as commenced practice as the sole ceased to be a partner of S.K. from 01/01/2018. practitioner of Justin Chow & Co., Lam, Alfred Chan & Co. as from 洪志健 Solicitors as from 02/01/2018. 06/01/2018. 自2018年1月1日成為盛德律師事務所 周廷勳 林敏萱 合夥人。 自2018年1月2日獨資經營周廷勳律師行。 自2018年1月6日不再出任林錫光、陳 啟鴻律師行合夥人一職。 • BUX ALBERT • CHUANG KATHERINE ceased to be a partner of Woo Kwan ceased to be a partner of Howse Williams • LAM MUI MUI Lee & Lo as from 01/01/2018 and Bowers as from 10/01/2018 and remains became a partner of Stephen Lo & P.Y. remains as a consultant of the firm. as a consultant of the firm. Tse as from 01/01/2018. 石偉明 莊頌然 林玫玫 自2018年1月1日不再出任胡關李羅 自2018年1月10日不再出任何韋鮑律師行 自2018年1月1日成為謝鵬元律師事務 律師行合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧 合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧問。 所合夥人。 問。 • DEALY NICHOLAS JOHN • LAU DANIEL • CHAN ELSIE joined Gall as a partner as from became a partner of Hobson & Ma as became a partner of Deacons as from 02/01/2018. from 01/01/2018. 01/01/2018. 自2018年1月2日加入高嘉力律師行為合夥 劉大任 陳艾姿 人。 自2018年1月1日成為何柏生馬華潤律 自2018年1月1日成為的近律師行合夥 師行合夥人。 • FONG YUEN TING 人。 became a partner of Deacons as from • LAU HARVEY • CHAUDHRY MUHAMMAD KAMRAN 01/01/2018. ceased to be a partner of Baker & ceased to be a partner of M.C.A. Lai 方婉婷 McKenzie as from 01/01/2018. Solicitors LLP as from 29/12/2017 自2018年1月1日成為的近律師行合夥人。 劉哈維 and remains as a consultant of the 自2018年1月1日不再出任貝克‧ 麥 • HUNG WAI CHING CHRISTINA firm. 堅時律師事務所合夥人一職。 自2017年12月29日不再出任賴文俊 ceased to be a partner of Deacons as from (有限法律責任合夥)律師行合夥人一 01/01/2018 and remains as a consultant • LEE CHI FAN 職，而轉任為該行顧問。 of the firm. commenced practice as the sole 洪惠貞 practitioner of C.F. Lee & Co. as • CHENG BIN 自2018年1月1日不再出任的近律師行合夥 from 03/01/2018 and remains as a ceased to be a partner of Jun He Law 人一職，而轉任為該行顧問。 consultant of Raymond T.Y. Chan, Offices as from 01/01/2018 and joined Victoria Chan & Co. Hwang Hauzen Solicitors as a partner • HUNT JEREMY DAVID 李志芬 on the same day. ceased to be a partner of Morrison & 自2018年1月3日獨資經營李志芬律師 程 斌 Foerster as from 01/01/2018. 行，並繼續擔任陳添耀.陳瑛律師事務 自2018年1月1日不再出任美富律師事務所 自2018年1月1日不再出任君合律師事 所合夥人一職。 務所合夥人一職，並於同日加入黃浩 合夥人一職。 宸律師事務所為合夥人。 • LEE LAP HANG • KWOK NGA YIN IRENE ceased to be a partner of Iu, Lai & Li ceased to be a partner of Tam & Partners • CHEW JANICE as from 13/01/2018. as from 15/12/2017 and remains as an commenced practice as the sole 李立行 practitioner of JC Legal as from assistant solicitor of the firm. 07/01/2018. 郭雅言 自2018年1月13日不再出任姚黎李律 師行合夥人一職。 自2018年1月7日獨資經營JC 自2017年12月15日不再出任譚日明律師 LEGAL。 行合夥人一職，而轉任為該行助理律師。
www.hk-lawyer.org 85 • February 2018
• LEUNG MING YAT • SHUM MING CHOY • WHITEHEAD DAMIEN LEIGH became a partner of Deacons as from ceased to be a partner of Shum & Co., joined Ashurst Hong Kong as a partner 01/01/2018. Solicitors as from 01/01/2018 and as from 18/12/2017. 梁銘逸 remains as a consultant of the firm. 自2017年12月18日加入亞司特律師事 自2018年1月1日成為的近律師行合夥 岑明才 務所為合夥人。 人。 自2018年1月1日不再出任岑明才律師 • WONG KA LEUNG 行合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧問。 • MCKELLAR DAVID ALEXANDER became a partner of Deacons as from became a partner of Mayer Brown JSM • STEVENS MARK JOHN 01/01/2018. as from 01/01/2018. joined Haley Ho & Partners as a partner 黃家亮 麥大衛 as from 02/01/2018. 自2018年1月1日成為的近律師行合夥 自2018年1月1日成為孖士打律師行合 麥思帆 人。 夥人。 自2018年1月2日加入凱利何律師事務 • WONG YEE KI EVA 所為合夥人。 • MCLEAN JEFFREY ROSS became a partner of Vincent T.K. became a partner of Deacons as from • TO LEONG PONG Cheung, Yap & Co. as from 01/01/2018. 01/01/2018. commenced practice as the sole 黃綺淇 自2018年1月1日成為的近律師行合夥 practitioner of Alex To & Co., Solicitors 自2018年1月1日成為張葉司徒陳律師 人。 as from 10/01/2018. 事務所合夥人。 杜亮邦 • NG MAN HO DICKSON • WOO CHUN FAI 自2018年1月10日獨資經營杜亮邦律師 ceased to be a partner of H.M. Chan & ceased to be a partner of Latham & 事務所。 Co. as from 01/01/2018. Watkins as from 01/01/2018 and joined 吳文浩 • TONG SHUK PING K.Y. Woo & Co. as a consultant on the 自2018年1月1日不再出任陳浩銘律師 ceased to be a partner of Kitty So & same day. 事務所合夥人一職。 Tong as from 02/01/2018 and remains 胡振輝 as a consultant of the firm. 自2018年1月1日不再出任瑞生國際律 • NG SHEUNG MAN CARMEN 唐淑萍 師事務所合夥人一職，並於同日加入胡 became a partner of Deacons as from 自2018年1月1日不再出任蘇潔兒, 唐淑 國賢律師行為顧問。 01/01/2018. 萍律師行合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧 吳尚敏 問。 自2018年1月1日成為的近律師行合夥 人。 • TSUI HO YAN FLORA became a partner of V. Hau & Chow as • NGAI KA SON CRISTOVAO from 01/01/2018. became a partner of P.C. Woo & Co. as 崔可欣 from 01/01/2018. 自2018年1月1日成為侯穎承周明寶律 魏嘉信 師事務所合夥人。 自2018年1月1日成為胡百全律師事務 所合夥人。 • WANG PEGGY YU PING joined White & Case as a partner as • SHAM YICK CHUN GARY from 20/12/2017. ceased to be the sole practitioner of 王有蘋 Day & Chan as from 01/01/2018 and 自2017年12月20日加入偉凱律師事務 the firm closed on the same day. Mr. 所為合夥人。 Sham ceased to be a partner of Wai & Co., Solicitors as from 01/01/2018 and • WHEARE HENRY JEREMY HUGH remains as a consultant of the firm. joined Nixon Peabody CWL as a partner 岑奕俊 as from 01/01/2018. 自2018年1月1日不再出任岑律師事務 韋恆理 所獨資經營者一職，而該行亦於同日結 自2018年1月1日加入尼克松‧鄭林胡 業。岑律師於2018年1月1日不再出任 律師行為合夥人。 衛氏律師行合夥人一職，而轉任為該行 顧問。
86 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LAWYERS AT LEISURE 律師閒情 Tuning into the Choir World
Elaine is an in-house lawyer and sings with the Diocesan Choral Society and the Hong Kong Young People’s Chorus. Recent concerts include Chanson Éloignée in July 2017 and French Connection Hong Kong in November 2017. She also joined the SingFest Festival Chorus for their performance
of Handel’s Israel in Egypt with the Hong Kong Sinfonietta in September 2017. HK Sinfonietta Ltd SingFest
By Elaine Mok, In-house Lawyer
hen I tell people I sing in school alumni, which ensures a certain Choir can be quite a time consuming a choir, the most common level of quality and commitment in the hobby if you take it seriously. A typical Wreaction I get is that it’s so singers. The basic “entry requirements” rehearsal schedule for me might be “youthful” (“好青春”). It comes as a are an ability to sight sing, to hold your two hours on a weeknight and two to surprise to many people that choral own in pieces in eight or more parts, three hours on a weekend, but this singing can be a hobby for an adult. In and to learn and memorise a concert could double if I am singing for more fact, there are many adults who sing in repertoire in different languages within than one choir at a time. Sometimes choirs (yes, even outside of churches), a relatively short time frame (say a few the rehearsals ramp up before a concert and singing can be a great means months). Initially it was difficult as I had and can take up most of my time for relaxation, socialising and artistic not so much read sheet music in more outside work! In the week leading up to development. than 10 years, but these skills do come Singfest’s performance of Israel in Egypt, back to you, and when the music comes the choir and orchestra rehearsed every I started singing in school choirs as a together it becomes very rewarding and night under the baton of the conductor, child and it was a big part of my junior fun. who had flown in from England just for and secondary school life in Hong Kong. I then sang in chapel choir at college in England. When I started my career at a city firm, working in Hong Kong and London, it never occurred to me to join a choir. This was partly because of the demands of working at a city firm, but more so because I myself also thought that choir was an activity for kids. In 2015, after I had moved in-house, one of my old school friends asked if I wanted to join the Diocesan Choral Society (‘DCS’) for their summer concert. DCS is an alumni choir but unusual in the sense that it is a choir for choir alumni, not Diocesan Choral Society
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the concert. On top of rehearsals, I spend time reading the music, learning my part and memorising the scores. I’m fortunate in that my job does allow this level of commitment outside work hours, and I have to admit I do spend some lunch hours reading music on my own in my office. One of the reasons I like to sing as a hobby is because it’s so different from my day job. I spend most of my time at work drafting or reviewing legal documents, but reading music and singing engages On the other hand, I’ve been able to put teammates on board with my checklists a completely different part of my brain. my legal skills to use in the choral world. and filing system… As someone who does not have a strong DCS is a registered charity in Hong Kong. There are a lot of choirs for adults in background in music, reading music can I sit on the board of the choir, together Hong Kong, catering for a range of be like tackling a foreign language and with other advisors such as finance different musical abilities and interests. it’s challenging yet refreshing. professionals and music teachers, and If you are interested in picking this up my legal background gives me the ability I also enjoy being able to meet people as a hobby, you can look out for open to advise on development, delivery of very different to myself – ranging from auditions held by some of these choirs, or charitable objectives, and most excitingly, university students to university teachers, go along to one of their concerts to see if 作者 Elaine Mok 企業律師 paperwork like notices and minutes (!). doctors to artists, music professionals the repertoire is right for you. Singing is My transaction management skills from to bankers. I’m sure even the most for everyone but it’s important to choose my days as a banking lawyer have proven hardened lawyer would agree that the right choir for yourself to get the transferable and useful when it comes hanging out with other lawyers all the most out of the experience. n time can be stifling, and it’s like a breath to organising concerts and sponsorships of fresh air to head to rehearsal and just – the struggle talk about music and lyrics with people is trying to get who do not care about contracts rights of my non-lawyer third parties.
Diocesan Choral Society
Diocesan Choral Society
Diocesan Choral Society Diocesan Choral Society
88 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • LAWYERS AT LEISURE 律師閒情 唱出我天地
Diocesan Choral Society 企業律師Elaine是拔萃歌詠團和香港青唱的團員。 她亦加入了聲蜚合唱節，於2017年9月與香港小交 響樂團合演《韓德爾：以色列人在埃及》。
作者 Elaine Mok 企業律師
當我說我唱合唱團時，最常 見的反應是說這個活動「好 Diocesan Choral Society 每青春」。成年人以唱合唱團 為嗜好，可能令不少人驚訝。事實上，唱 我也很喜歡在合唱團認識與我背景不 合唱團的成年人為數不少，歌唱是放鬆、 同的人 - 從大學生到大學教師、醫 社交和發展藝術的好方法。 生到藝術家、專業音樂人到銀行家。 我自小開始參加學校合唱團，合唱團是我 我敢肯定即使最死硬派的律師也會同 意，生活圈中只有律師會讓人窒息。 在香港中小學生涯的重要部份。之後我在 Diocesan Choral Society 英格蘭上大學，參加學院的詩歌班。在香 排練時和法律界以外的人談論音樂和 可能是週中晚上兩個小時和週末兩到三個 港和倫敦的律師行工作期間，我從來沒有 歌詞，就像呼吸新鮮空氣。 小時，但如果為一個以上合唱團唱歌，排 想過要加入合唱團，其一是因為律師行的 練時間就可能加倍。有時在演唱會之前， 另一方面，我能把法律技能用於合唱團。 工作繁重，更主要原因是我也認為合唱團 排練會大增，可以佔用我工作以外的大部 拔萃歌詠團是香港註冊慈善機構。我與其 是為學生而設的活動。 份時間！在聲蜚合唱節演出《韓德爾：以 他顧問，如金融專業人士和音樂教師，參 2015年，我轉任企業律師後，有舊同學 色列人在埃及》之前的一星期，合唱團 加合唱團的董事會，以我的法律背景，就 邀請我加入拔萃歌詠團在夏季音樂會表 和管弦樂隊每天晚上都在英國來港的指揮 合唱團的發展、慈善事業及法律文書事宜 演。拔萃歌詠團是校友合唱團，但特別之 下排練。除了排練外，我亦花時間閱讀音 （如通知和會議記錄等）提供意見。 我 處是合唱團的校友以往必須也為合唱團成 樂，學習自己的部份，牢記樂譜。我很幸 以往擔任銀行業律師，交易管理技巧在組 員，所以歌手擁有一定的水平和對歌詠團 運，因為我的工作容許我在工作之外的時 織音樂會和贊助方面大派用場，唯一問題 的責任感。基本的「入團要求」是能夠視 間投入合唱團，有時我亦會在午膳時間在 是試圖令我的非律師團友跟隨我的清單和 唱，能唱8個或以上部分的曲目，及在較 辦公室讀樂譜。 檔案系統行事… 短時間內（如幾個月）學習和記住不同語 我喜歡唱歌的原因之一，是因為它和我的 香港有很多成人合唱團，供不同音樂能力 言的演唱曲目。這起初很困難，因為我已 日常工作截然不同。工作上，我大部份時 和興趣的人士參加。如果你有興趣以此作 十多年沒有看樂譜了，但慢慢上手後，配 間都在起草或審查法律文件，但是讀音樂 為愛好，不妨留意這些合唱團的試唱，或 合音樂，一切變得非常富有意義和樂趣。 和唱歌，用腦的部份就完全不同。由於我 者去聽聽它們的音樂會，看看曲目是否適 如果認真參與合唱團的活動，它是個相當 沒有很強的音樂背景，讀音樂就像學習外 合你。人人都適合唱歌，最重要是選擇合 耗時的愛好。對我來說，典型的排練時間 語一樣，很有挑戰性和新鮮感。 適的合唱團，才能充分享受其中。n
www.hk-lawyer.org 89 • February 2018 CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞
CUHK Law Launched Machine Lawyering Blog 中大法律學院推出機械律師博客 The Centre for Financial Regulation and Economic Development at 香港中文大學法律學院金融規管與經濟發展研究中心推出 the Faculty of Law of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (‘CUHK’) 機械律師博客。 launched a Machine Lawyering blog. 新設的博客是一個公共平台，搜集及分享有關新技術如何 The new blog is designed as a public forum to gather together and 改變法律執業和法規的想法和新聞。機械律師為會影響法 share ideas and news about how newer technology is changing the practice of law and regulation. Such machine lawyering will impact 律界方方面面，在涉及更多機械活動的領域發展應會更加 every aspect of the legal profession, and it is reasonable to assume that 快速。 the progress of such development will be faster than seen in other areas 歡迎就任何當前熱門議題投稿，如金融科技、regtech和 involving more mechanical activity. lawtech、數據私隱和知識產權。意見書應以英文書寫， Any topic of current interest addressing issues often thought of under 以450-700字為標準，可討論重要政策或法律問題，也可 the rubrics ‘fintech’, ‘regtech’ and ‘lawtech’, as well as data privacy and 能闡述新的研究出版物或產品。 intellectual property are welcomed to be submitted. Submissions, which should be in English and within 450-700 words, may 發帖或建議博客題材，請 address an important policy or legal question, or 聯絡Susanna Leone女士(電 also describe a new research publication or product. 郵：[email protected]) To send posts or suggestions for posts to the 。訂閱或查看博客文章，請瀏覽 blog, please contact Ms. Susanna Leone at https://www.legalanalytics.law. [email protected]. To subscribe or cuhk.edu.hk/。 view the blog posts, please visit https://www. legalanalytics.law.cuhk.edu.hk/.
CPD Events CPD活動 The Faculty of Law of CUHK recognises the importance of continuing 中文大學法律學院明白持續專業發展（CPD）對法律執業 professional development (CPD) for legal practitioners. Every year, 者的重要性，每年舉辦各種不同主題和CPD活動，以提高 the Faculty organises a variety of CPD events of different topics and 參與者的專業知識和技能。參賽者在成功完成活動後，若 interests to enhance participants’ professional knowledge and skills. Participants may earn CPD points upon successful completion, subject 獲香港律師會認可，可獲CPD分數。2018年1月，學院舉 to accreditation by the Law Society of Hong Kong. In January 2018, 辦了產權法研討會「民事證據與推定」，及大中華地區法 the Faculty hosted a Property Law seminar on “Civil evidence and 律史研討會系列「小屋政策前的小屋習俗」研討會。 presumptions: when is a gift a trust?” and a seminar on “Small House Custom before the Small House Policy” as part of the Greater China Legal History Seminar Series.
Seminar on “Small House Custom before the Small House Policy” held in January 2018. Seminar on “The History of a Mystery: The Development of the Law of Unjust Enrichment in Hong Kong, China and Germany” to be held on 2 February 2018. 90 www.hk-lawyer.org February 2018 • CAMPUS VOICES 法 學 院 新 聞
Upcoming CPD events: 近期CPD活動： From February to April, the following lunchtime seminars will be held at 2月至4月期間，下列午間研討會將於中環中大法律學院 the CUHK Graduate Law Centre in Central: 研究生部舉行： Greater China Legal History Seminar Series (February – April 2018) 大中華地區法律史研討會系列 (2018年2月至4月) The History of a Mystery: The Development of the Law of Unjust Enrichment in Hong Kong, China and Germany 2 February 2018 香港、中國和德國不當得利法律的發展 The Historical Development of the Civil Law Tradition in China 16 March 2018 中國民法傳統的歷史發展 The History of Consumer Law in Hong Kong: Just a Series of Failed Endeavours? 13 April 2018 香港消費者法的歷史：連串失敗？ (CPD points for the above seminars are available upon application and subject to accreditation by The Law Society of Hong Kong.) (上述研討會的CPD分數須經申請及香港律師會認證) For seminar details and more future CPD events, please visit the Faculty website (http://www.law.cuhk.edu.hk). 有關研討會詳情及更多CPD活動，請瀏覽學院網站 (http://www.law.cuhk.edu.hk)。
Call for Papers – Conference on Teaching and 徵文－法律教與學：2018年法律教育方 Learning in Law: ‘Directions in Legal Education 向 2018’ (Abstract submission deadline: 30 April 2018) (摘要提交截止日期：2018年4月30日) To provide a space for dialogue exploring innovative approaches in 為探索法律教育的創新方法和思考未來方向，中大法 legal education and considering future directions, the Faculty will host 律學院將於2018年6月1日至2日舉辦「法律教與學 - a Conference on Teaching and Learning in Law – ‘Directions in Legal Education 2018’ from 1-2 June 2018. Keynote speakers of the conference 2018年法律教育方向」會議。主題講者包括多倫多約 include Professor Paul Maharg (Distinguished Professor of Practice – 克大學Osgoode Hall法律學院法律教育特聘教授Paul Legal Education at Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto) Maharg教授和墨爾本大學法律學院法律教授兼法律專 and Professor Julian Webb (Professor of Law and Director of the Legal 業研究網絡主任Julian Webb教授。 Professions Research Network at Melbourne Law School, the University of Melbourne). 學院現歡迎就法律教育的任何主題和領域提交文 The Faculty now welcomes abstract submissions on any themes and 章摘要。有興趣在會議上發表的人士，請於2018 aspects related to legal education. Interested individuals wishing to 年4月30日前向Vivian Chen女士（vivianc@cuhk. present in the conference should submit a 250-300 word abstract to edu.hk）提交250-300字的摘要。有關會議和提交 Ms. Vivian Chen ([email protected]) by 30 April 2018. For conference 摘要的詳情，請瀏覽：http://www.law.cuhk.edu. and submission details, please visit http://www.law.cuhk.edu. hk/20180601ConfCall。 hk/20180601ConfCall.
www.hk-lawyer.org 91 • February 2018
Mr Edward Fitzgerald QC delivered the second 英國御用大律師Edward Fitzgerald擔任 HKU-Boase Cohen & Collins Criminal Law 第二場刑事法講座的主講嘉賓 Lecture 專研刑事法、公法、司法覆核及國際人權法的英國御用大 Mr Edward Fitzgerald QC, who specialises in criminal law, public law, 律師Edward Fitzgerald，於1月26日擔任「香港大學—布 judicial review and international human rights law, gave the second 高江律師行刑事法講座系列」第二場講座的主講嘉賓， HKU-Boase Cohen & Collins Criminal Law Lecture “Criminal Appeals 題目為「刑事上訴及新證據」(Criminal Appeals and New and New Evidence” on 26 January 2018. The lecture by whom his contemporary David Pannick QC described as “a Rolls Royce in the Evidence)。這位為被御用大律師David Pannick在《時代 cab rank of barristers” in a tribute article in The Times attracted an 雜誌》中譽為「大律師之中的勞斯萊斯」，吸引了近250 audience of 250 including practitioners and law students. The lecture 名法律界人士及法律學生。刑事法講座系列在布高江律師 series, supported by Boase Cohen & Collins, was launched in 2017, 行的支持下於2017年設立，旨在加強業界對刑事法各重 aiming to increase awareness of significant issues and challenges in 大議題及挑戰的重視。首場講座由英國御用大律師Clare criminal law. The inaugural Criminal Law Lecture featured Ms Clare Montgomery 主講，題為「共同犯罪」(Joint Enterprise)。 Montgomery QC on “Joint Enterprise”.
HKU and CUHK academics studying 港大及中大學者共同研究香港律師的敬業及 Commitment and Professionalization of Lawyers 專業精神 in Hong Kong 香港大學的胡惠生博士及任文慧女士，聯同香港中文大學 Dr Richard Wu and Ms Julienne Jen of The University of Hong Kong, 的盧永鴻教授，正進行一項關於香港律師的敬業及專業精 in collaboration with Professor Carlos Lo of The Chinese University 神之研究，誠邀各同業花三十分鐘填寫一網上問卷(https:// of Hong Kong, are conducting a research project on the commitment www.surveymonkey.com/r/PNXTRJR)，內容絕對保密。 and professionalization of lawyers in Hong Kong. Practitioners are invited to fill out an online survey (https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/ PNXTRJR) to give their opinion. It takes 30 minutes to complete the survey and all information collected will remain strictly confidential.
92 www.hk-lawyer.org Wishing you a happy & prosperous Chinese New Year from your specialist private practi ce team
Hayden Gordine Geoff Denton Partner Head of Private Practi ce [email protected] geoff [email protected]
Samantha Fong Patricia Lui Director Senior Consultant [email protected] [email protected]
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taylorroot.com @TaylorRootLegal taylor-root Part of the SR Group MICHAELMICHAEL PAGEPAGE LEGALLEGAL SPECIALISTSSPECIALISTS ININ LEGALLEGAL RECRUITMENTRECRUITMENT
MEETMEET THE THE TEAM TEAM FINANCIALFINANCIAL SERVICES SERVICES COMMERCIALCOMMERCIAL PRIVATEPRIVATE PRACTICE PRACTICE
MichaelMichael Page Page Legal Legal services services major major corporates, corporates, international international and and leading leading local local law law firms, firms, asas wellwell asas financialfinancial servicesservices institutionsinstitutions onon a a global global scale.scale. OurOur consultantsconsultants CorporateCorporate Lawyer Lawyer LegalLegal Counsel Counsel RegulatoryRegulatory Investigations Investigations and and White White areare strategically strategically specialised specialised in in focusing focusing on on legal legal recruitment recruitment for for different different aspects aspects of of the the job job function function and and industry, industry, diversifying diversifying and and maximising maximising our our recruitment recruitment coveragecoverage as as a a team. team. We We have have successfully successfully placed placed candidates candidates across across all all levels levels from from Associates Associates and and Junior Junior Legal Legal Counsels, Counsels, to to Partners Partners and and Heads Heads of of Legal. Legal. › › 5+5+ PQE PQE › › 6+6+ PQE PQE CollarCollar Crime Crime › › SizableSizable Investment Investment Bank Bank › › ListedListed MNC MNC in in the the FMCG FMCG Industry Industry › › 5+5+ PQE PQE AA well well established established and and reputable reputable investment investment bank bank is is OurOur client client is is a a well-known well-known healthcare healthcare and and wellness wellness › › HongHong Kong Kong Law Law Firm Firm OlgaOlga Yung, Yung, Regional Regional Director, Director, Financial Financial Services Services seekingseeking to to take take on on 2 2 new new corporate corporate lawyers lawyers to to support support companycompany listed listed in in Hong Hong Kong, Kong, with with operations operations around around the the theirtheir continued continued expansion expansion within within the the region. region. Joining Joining a a globe.globe. Due Due to to fast fast expansion expansion in in the the Asia Asia region, region, they they are are OurOur client client is is a a very very reputable reputable Hong Hong Kong Kong litigation litigation practice practice OlgaOlga has has been been specialising specialising in in legal legal recruitment recruitment for for over over ten ten years, years, with with a a focus focus on on financial financial servicesservices clients.clients. SheShe hashas anan outstandingoutstanding provenproven track track record record teamteam of of around around 10 10 lawyers, lawyers, you you will will work work closely closely with with nownow seeking seeking a a Legal Legal Counsel Counsel to to join join their their group group level level legal legal nownow hiring hiring a a criminal criminal litigator litigator to to focus focus on on cases cases involving involving inin placing placing all all levels levels of of legal legal professionals, professionals, with with a a stronger stronger focus focus on on mid mid to to senior senior level level hires. hires. Graduating Graduating with with a a Bachelor Bachelor and and Master Master degree degree in in Law, Law, Olga Olga otherother corporate corporate lawyers lawyers as as well well as as relevant relevant business business team.team. You You will will be be reporting reporting to to the the Group Group General General Counsel Counsel thethe Police Police and and ICAC ICAC as as well well as as regulatory regulatory matters matters possessespossesses experience experience gained gained from from international international law law firms firms priorprior to to joining joining MichaelMichael Page.Page. OlgaOlga hashas extensiveextensive networksnetworks acrossacross the the in in househouse sectorsector andand withwith in- in- headsheads while while reporting reporting directly directly to to the the Head Head of of Legal. Legal. The The andand provide provide broad broad range range of of commercial commercial legal legal advice advice to to includingincluding SFC SFC and and disciplinary disciplinary issues issues involving involving internal internal depthdepth knowledge knowledge of of legal legal talent talent available available within within the the region. region. She She has has also also successfully successfully recruited recruited within within the the private private practice practice and and in in house house legal legal space. space. successfulsuccessful candidate candidate will will possess possess at at least least 5 5 years’ years’ PQE, PQE, businessbusiness functions. functions. The The successful successful candidate candidate will will have have a a investigations.investigations. You You will will be be acting acting for for both both local local and and overseasoverseas clients clients in in white white collar collar crime crime and and regulatory regulatory cross cross [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | |+852 +852 2848 2848 4791 4791 | |linkedin.com/i linkedin.com/in/olgayungn/olgayung withwith experience experience obtained obtained from from sizable sizable law law firms firms and and minimumminimum of of 6 6 years’ years’ PQE PQE with with solid solid in-house in-house experience, experience, withwith sound sound knowledge knowledge in in running running corporate corporate transactions transactions preferablypreferably in in the the FMCG, FMCG, F&B, F&B, Wellness Wellness or or Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical borderborder litigation. litigation. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate is is a a 5+ 5+ PQE PQE Hong Hong includingincluding IPO IPO and and M&A. M&A. Any Any cross cross border border or or outbound outbound sectors,sectors, being being well well versed versed in in commercial commercial agreements. agreements. KongKong solicitor solicitor with with a a broad broad range range of of litigation litigation experience, experience, dealdeal exposure exposure is is highly highly regarded, regarded, and and DCM DCM exposure exposure is is FluencyFluency in in both both English English and and Chinese Chinese languages languages is is includingincluding regulatory regulatory and and ideally ideally criminal criminal work. work. You You should should usefuluseful though though not not mandatory. mandatory. Strong Strong communication communication required.required. Ref: Ref: 3970369 3970369 alsoalso have have good good academics academics and and fluency fluency and and experience experience SerenaSerena Tang, Tang, Associate Associate Director, Director, In In House House Corporate Corporate MartaMarta Verderosa, Verderosa, Manager, Manager, Private Private Practice Practice skillsskills required, required, as as is is fluency fluency in in EnglishEnglish andand Chinese.Chinese. Ref:Ref: workingworking in in both both Mandarin Mandarin Chinese Chinese and and English. English. Ref: Ref: 39643133964313 SerenaSerena has has over over 7 7 years years of of recruitment recruitment experience, experience, specialising specialising MartaMarta has has over over 4 4 years years of of legal legal recruitment recruitment experience, experience, with with a a 39719383971938 inin the the recruitment recruitment of of in-house in-house lawyers lawyers where where her her industry industry focus focus is is dedicateddedicated focus focus on on private private practice. practice. She She has has extensive extensive experience experience acrossacross in in house house corporate, corporate, assisting assisting all all types types of of commercial commercial clients clients inin recruitment recruitment covering covering all all areas areas of of practices practices for for lawyers, lawyers, from from newly newly inin Hong Hong Kong. Kong. Serena Serena has has long long standing standing work work relationships relationships with with the the qualifiedqualified upup to to partnerpartner level, level, for for leading leading andand sizablesizable law law firmsfirms inin HongHong M&AM&A Lawyer Lawyer CapitalCapital Markets Markets Lawyer Lawyer SeniorSenior Property Property Lawyer Lawyer executive-levelexecutive-level legal legal and and human human resources resources professionals professionals across across a a Kong.Kong. She She also also oversees oversees legal legal support support hires hires for for financial financial institution institution › › 4-94-9 PQE PQE › › 5+5+ PQE PQE › › 10+10+ PQE PQE varietyvariety of of industries industries with with multinationals, multinationals, state-owned state-owned enterprises, enterprises, clients,clients, and and has has recruited recruited within within the the in in house house legal legal space. space. Marta Marta is is › › GlobalGlobal financial financial servicesservices playerplayer › › HongHong Kong Kong Listed Listed Chinese Chinese Company Company › › InternationalInternational Law Law Firm Firm asas well well as as domestic domestic private private and and listed listed companies. companies. Graduating Graduating from from the the University University aa LLB LLB graduate graduate and and worked worked in in a a leading leading law law firm firm andand a a globalglobal insurance insurance companycompany ofof Wisconsin, Wisconsin, Serena Serena gained gained experience experience in in management management consulting consulting prior prior to to joining joining beforebefore joining joining Michael Michael Page. Page. AA global global leader leader within within financial financial services services industry industry is is OurOur client client is is a a Chinese Chinese headquartered headquartered company company listed listed in in OO u ur cr c l i el i en nt i t si sa a n ni ni nt e t er nr na at i to i on na al l a l aw w fi fi r r m m hh e ea ad dq qu au r a rt et er re d e d i i n nC C h hi na ina seekingseeking to to take take on on an an M&A M&A counsel counsel for for their their regional regional HongHong Kong, Kong, they they are are an an established established property property developer developer nownow hiring hiring a a property property lawyer lawyer with with hands-on hands-on experience experience in in MichaelMichael Page Page in in 2010. 2010. [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | |+852 +852 2848 2848 4794 4794 | | team.team. Reporting Reporting to to the the General General Counsel, Counsel, you you will will join join a a withwith projects projects across across China. China. They They are are currently currently looking looking for for managingmanaging property property projects, projects, from from property property development development [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | |+852 +852 3412 3412 4810 4810 | |linkedin.com/in/tangserena linkedin.com/in/tangserena linkedin.com/in/martaverderosalinkedin.com/in/martaverderosa teamteam of of 5 5 to to advise advise mergers mergers and and acquisition acquisition transactions. transactions. anan experienced experienced Legal Legal Counsel Counsel to to join join their their Hong Hong Kong Kong toto property property sales. sales. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate should should possess possess WorkingWorking with with internal internal business business stakeholders, stakeholders, you you will will drive drive officeoffice to to focus focus on on advising advising and and on on the the documentation documentation atat least least 10 10 years’ years’ PQE PQE specializing specializing in in property property work work transactionstransactions by by negotiating negotiating with with external external vendors vendors with with ofof financing financing activities activities including including equity equity and and debt debt related related includingincluding property property development, development, investment investment acquisition acquisition thethe objective objective to to close close regional regional contracts. contracts. The The successful successful transactions.transactions. You You should should be be a a Hong Hong Kong Kong qualified qualified andand sales, sales, commercial commercial and and residential residential property property leasing leasing as as TinaTina Wang, Wang, Managing Managing Consultant, Consultant, In-House In-House Corporate Corporate KamilKamil Butt, Butt, Senior Senior Consultant, Consultant, Private Private Practice Practice candidatecandidate will will possess possess at at least least 4 4 years’ years’ PQE PQE with with sound sound solicitorsolicitor with with at at least least 5 5 years’ years’ of of experience experience working working with with wellwell as as landlord landlord and and tenant tenant liaison, liaison, and and real real estate estate finance. finance. experienceexperience in in the the area area of of M&A, M&A, ideally ideally coming coming from from listedlisted companies, companies, being being familiar familiar with with capital capital markets markets and and YouYou should should be be fluent fluent in in EnglishEnglish andand MandarinMandarin andand bebe ableable TinaTina has has over over 4 4 years’ years’ recruitment recruitment experience experience within within the the in in KamilKamil joined joined Michael Michael Page Page Legal Legal in in year year 2015 2015 with with over over 2 2 years years internationalinternational law law firms firms oror havehave alreadyalready obtainedobtained experienceexperience listinglisting rule rule compliance. compliance. Fluency Fluency in in English English and and Mandarin Mandarin toto draft draft in in simplified simplified Chinese.Chinese. PriorPrior experienceexperience asas anan in- in- househouse commercial commercial space, space, specialising specialising in in recruitment recruitment of of in-house in-house legallegal recruitment recruitment experience. experience. He He specializes specializes in in recruitment recruitment for for withinwithin an an in in house house environment. environment. Strong Strong interpersonal interpersonal skills skills ChineseChinese is is a a must. must. Ref: Ref: 3971422 3971422 househouse counsel counsel is is advantageous. advantageous. Ref: Ref: 3967310 3967310 lawyerslawyers at at all all levels. levels. She She has has an an excellent excellent track track record record working working privateprivate practice practice and and financial financial servicesservices clients,clients, withwith anan excellentexcellent track track areare required, required, as as are are English English and and Chinese Chinese language language skills. skills. withwith multinationals, multinationals, state-owned state-owned enterprises, enterprises, as as well well as as domestic domestic recordrecord in in successfully successfully assisting assisting legal legal support support candidates candidates including including Ref:Ref: 3965781 3965781 privateprivate and and listed listed companies companies in in Hong Hong Kong. Kong. Tina’s Tina’s in-depth in-depth market market paralegalsparalegals and and company company secretaries secretaries at at all all levels. levels. Kamil Kamil was was born born in in knowledgeknowledge and and extensive extensive networks networks in in the the region region allows allows her her access access HongHong Kong Kong and and speaks speaks both both English English and and Cantonese, Cantonese, he he graduated graduated toto high high calibre calibre candidates candidates and and clients. clients. Tina Tina is is CPA CPA qualified qualified withwith a a withwith a a Bachelor Bachelor Degree Degree in in Law Law from from University University of of Bristol. Bristol. FundsFunds Lawyer Lawyer LegalLegal Counsel Counsel EmploymentEmployment Lawyer Lawyer priorprior career career in in PriceWaterhouse PriceWaterhouse Coopers Coopers prior prior to to joining joining Michael Michael Page. Page. [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | |+852 +852 2848 2848 4798 4798 | |linkedin.com/i linkedin.com/in/kamilbuttn/kamilbutt [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | |+852 +852 2848 2848 9561 9561 | | › › 5+5+ PQE PQE › › 2+2+ PQE PQE › › 6+6+ PQE PQE linkedin.com/in/tina-wang-cpa-8b604746linkedin.com/in/tina-wang-cpa-8b604746 › › GlobalGlobal Asset Asset Management Management House House › › FortuneFortune 500 500 Conglomerate Conglomerate › › BoutiqueBoutique Firm Firm AA leading leading asset asset management management house house is is seeking seeking for for a a lawyer lawyer OurOur client client is is a a fortune fortune 500 500 conglomerate conglomerate with with operations operations ThisThis is is an an Employment Employment and and Regulatory Regulatory role role focusing focusing toto join join a a legal legal team team of of 5 5 across across the the region. region. You You will will report report acrossacross various various industries industries such such as as F&B, F&B, Real Real Estate Estate and and onon complex complex litigation litigation as as well well as as all all non–contentious non–contentious toto the the Head Head of of Legal Legal with with a a focus focus on on North North Asia Asia markets, markets, Logistics.Logistics. They They are are currently currently seeking seeking a a Legal Legal Counsel Counsel to to employmentemployment matters matters including including the the negotiation negotiation and and drafting drafting SabinaSabina Li, Li, Senior Senior Consultant, Consultant, Legal Legal Support Support SorayaSoraya Tennent, Tennent, Consultant, Consultant, Legal Legal Support Support takingtaking a a lead lead on on product product registration registration and and distribution, distribution, joinjoin the the legal legal team team at at the the group group level. level. Reporting Reporting to to the the ofof contract contract terms, terms, drafting drafting and and advising advising post post termination termination investmentinvestment management management and and institutional institutional matters, matters, as as GeneralGeneral Counsel Counsel and and you you will will be be working working with with a a team team of of restrictions,restrictions, internal internal investigations investigations and and disciplinary disciplinary issues, issues, SabinaSabina specialises specialises in in the the recruitment recruitment of of company company secretarial secretarial Soraya’sSoraya’s career career with with Michael Michael Page Page commenced commenced in in Australia Australia in in 2015. 2015. She She wellwell as as assisting assisting broader broader corporate corporate matters. matters. The The ideal ideal lawyers.lawyers. You You will will have have a a wide wide exposure exposure in in handling handling various various andand discrimination discrimination and and privacy privacy issues, issues, representing representing both both professionalsprofessionals at at all all levels, levels, with with a a focus focus on on in in house house commercial commercial hashas 2 2 years years of of recruitment recruitment experience experience in in the the areas areas of of legal legal and and finance. finance. candidatecandidate will will be be a a HK HK qualified qualified funds funds lawyer lawyer with with at at corporatecorporate transactions transactions including including M&A M&A deals, deals, listing listing employersemployers and and employees. employees. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate is is a a Hong Hong clientsclients in in Hong Hong Kong. Kong. She She has has over over 3 3 years years of of recruitment recruitment experience experience AfterAfter moving moving to to Hong Hong Kong, Kong, Soraya Soraya specialises specialises in in the the recruitment recruitment of of leastleast 5 5 years years PQE. PQE. A A minimum minimum of of 2 2 years’ years’ experience experience compliancecompliance and and other other general general legal legal matters. matters. The The ideal ideal KongKong qualified qualified solicitorsolicitor withwith atat least least 6 6years years ofof experienceexperience servicingservicing commercial commercial clients clients across across a a variety variety of of industries. industries. Sabina Sabina legallegal support support staff staff for for all all leading leading and and sizable sizable law law firms firms asas wellwell asas globalglobal obtainedobtained in in the the areas areas of of asset asset management management and/or and/or SFC SFC candidatecandidate will will be be a a 2 2 + + years’ years’ PQE PQE lawyer, lawyer, trained trained in in an an inin managing managing contentious contentious and and non-contentious non-contentious Hong Hong Kong Kong graduatedgraduated from from the the UK UK with with a a Bachelor Bachelor of of Science Science and and a a Graduate Graduate andand local local financial financial institutions. institutions. SorayaSoraya graduatedgraduated from from CurtinCurtin UniversityUniversity fundfund authorization authorization is is required. required. You You will will be be independent independent internationalinternational law law firm. firm. ThisThis is is anan excellentexcellent opportunityopportunity for for employmentemployment matters. matters. Chinese Chinese language language skills skills would would be be DiplomaDiploma in in Law. Law. Prior Prior to to joining joining Michael Michael Page, Page, she she worked worked with with a a law law withwith a a Double Double Major Major in in Business Business Law Law and and Journalism. Journalism. andand be be able able to to work work under under pressure, pressure, as as well well as as with with good good anyany corporate corporate lawyers lawyers aspiring aspiring to to move move in in house. house. Strong Strong aa plus. plus. The The role role offers offers the the opportunity opportunity to to work work with with high- high- stakeholderstakeholder management management skills. skills. Fluency Fluency in in English English and and languagelanguage skills skills in in both both written written and and spoken spoken English English and and calibrecalibre fee fee earners earners with with a a strong strong reputation reputation in in the the market. market. firmfirm andand a a HKHK listed listed companycompany asas a a paralegalparalegal andand companycompany secretary.secretary. [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | |+852 +852 2848 2848 4795 4795 | | ChineseChinese is is essential. essential. Ref: Ref: 3968941 3968941 ChineseChinese is is required. required. Ref: Ref: 3937163 3937163 Ref:Ref: 3970623 3970623 [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | |+852 +852 3602 3602 2480 2480 | |linkedin.com/i linkedin.com/in/sabinalin/sabinali linkedin.com/in/soraya-tennent-0b9a6a95linkedin.com/in/soraya-tennent-0b9a6a95
ToTo apply, apply, visit visit www.michaelpage.com.hk www.michaelpage.com.hk quoting quoting the the reference reference number number or or contact contact our our consultants. consultants.
SpecialistsSpecialists in in legal legal recruitment recruitment LegalLegal www.michaelpage.com.hkwww.michaelpage.com.hk MICHAEL PAGE LEGAL SPECIALISTS IN LEGAL RECRUITMENT
MEET THE TEAM FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRIVATE PRACTICE
Michael Page Legal services major corporates, international and leading local law firms, as well as financial services institutions on a global scale. Our consultants Corporate Lawyer Legal Counsel Regulatory Investigations and White are strategically specialised in focusing on legal recruitment for different aspects of the job function and industry, diversifying and maximising our recruitment coverage as a team. We have successfully placed candidates across all levels from Associates and Junior Legal Counsels, to Partners and Heads of Legal. › 5+ PQE › 6+ PQE Collar Crime › Sizable Investment Bank › Listed MNC in the FMCG Industry › 5+ PQE A well established and reputable investment bank is Our client is a well-known healthcare and wellness › Hong Kong Law Firm Olga Yung, Regional Director, Financial Services seeking to take on 2 new corporate lawyers to support company listed in Hong Kong, with operations around the their continued expansion within the region. Joining a globe. Due to fast expansion in the Asia region, they are Our client is a very reputable Hong Kong litigation practice Olga has been specialising in legal recruitment for over ten years, with a focus on financial services clients. She has an outstanding proven track record team of around 10 lawyers, you will work closely with now seeking a Legal Counsel to join their group level legal now hiring a criminal litigator to focus on cases involving in placing all levels of legal professionals, with a stronger focus on mid to senior level hires. Graduating with a Bachelor and Master degree in Law, Olga other corporate lawyers as well as relevant business team. You will be reporting to the Group General Counsel the Police and ICAC as well as regulatory matters possesses experience gained from international law firms prior to joining Michael Page. Olga has extensive networks across the in house sector and with in- heads while reporting directly to the Head of Legal. The and provide broad range of commercial legal advice to including SFC and disciplinary issues involving internal depth knowledge of legal talent available within the region. She has also successfully recruited within the private practice and in house legal space. successful candidate will possess at least 5 years’ PQE, business functions. The successful candidate will have a investigations. You will be acting for both local and overseas clients in white collar crime and regulatory cross [email protected] | +852 2848 4791 | linkedin.com/in/olgayung with experience obtained from sizable law firms and minimum of 6 years’ PQE with solid in-house experience, with sound knowledge in running corporate transactions preferably in the FMCG, F&B, Wellness or Pharmaceutical border litigation. The ideal candidate is a 5+ PQE Hong including IPO and M&A. Any cross border or outbound sectors, being well versed in commercial agreements. Kong solicitor with a broad range of litigation experience, deal exposure is highly regarded, and DCM exposure is Fluency in both English and Chinese languages is including regulatory and ideally criminal work. You should useful though not mandatory. Strong communication required. Ref: 3970369 also have good academics and fluency and experience Serena Tang, Associate Director, In House Corporate Marta Verderosa, Manager, Private Practice skills required, as is fluency in English and Chinese. Ref: working in both Mandarin Chinese and English. Ref: 3964313 Serena has over 7 years of recruitment experience, specialising Marta has over 4 years of legal recruitment experience, with a 3971938 in the recruitment of in-house lawyers where her industry focus is dedicated focus on private practice. She has extensive experience across in house corporate, assisting all types of commercial clients in recruitment covering all areas of practices for lawyers, from newly in Hong Kong. Serena has long standing work relationships with the qualified up to partner level, for leading and sizable law firms in Hong M&A Lawyer Capital Markets Lawyer Senior Property Lawyer executive-level legal and human resources professionals across a Kong. She also oversees legal support hires for financial institution › 4-9 PQE › 5+ PQE › 10+ PQE variety of industries with multinationals, state-owned enterprises, clients, and has recruited within the in house legal space. Marta is › Global financial services player › Hong Kong Listed Chinese Company › International Law Firm as well as domestic private and listed companies. Graduating from the University a LLB graduate and worked in a leading law firm and a global insurance company of Wisconsin, Serena gained experience in management consulting prior to joining before joining Michael Page. A global leader within financial services industry is Our client is a Chinese headquartered company listed in O u r c l i e n t i s a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w fi r m h e a d q u a r t e r e d i n C h ina seeking to take on an M&A counsel for their regional Hong Kong, they are an established property developer now hiring a property lawyer with hands-on experience in Michael Page in 2010. [email protected] | +852 2848 4794 | team. Reporting to the General Counsel, you will join a with projects across China. They are currently looking for managing property projects, from property development [email protected] | +852 3412 4810 | linkedin.com/in/tangserena linkedin.com/in/martaverderosa team of 5 to advise mergers and acquisition transactions. an experienced Legal Counsel to join their Hong Kong to property sales. The ideal candidate should possess Working with internal business stakeholders, you will drive office to focus on advising and on the documentation at least 10 years’ PQE specializing in property work transactions by negotiating with external vendors with of financing activities including equity and debt related including property development, investment acquisition the objective to close regional contracts. The successful transactions. You should be a Hong Kong qualified and sales, commercial and residential property leasing as Tina Wang, Managing Consultant, In-House Corporate Kamil Butt, Senior Consultant, Private Practice candidate will possess at least 4 years’ PQE with sound solicitor with at least 5 years’ of experience working with well as landlord and tenant liaison, and real estate finance. experience in the area of M&A, ideally coming from listed companies, being familiar with capital markets and You should be fluent in English and Mandarin and be able Tina has over 4 years’ recruitment experience within the in Kamil joined Michael Page Legal in year 2015 with over 2 years international law firms or have already obtained experience listing rule compliance. Fluency in English and Mandarin to draft in simplified Chinese. Prior experience as an in- house commercial space, specialising in recruitment of in-house legal recruitment experience. He specializes in recruitment for within an in house environment. Strong interpersonal skills Chinese is a must. Ref: 3971422 house counsel is advantageous. Ref: 3967310 lawyers at all levels. She has an excellent track record working private practice and financial services clients, with an excellent track are required, as are English and Chinese language skills. with multinationals, state-owned enterprises, as well as domestic record in successfully assisting legal support candidates including Ref: 3965781 private and listed companies in Hong Kong. Tina’s in-depth market paralegals and company secretaries at all levels. Kamil was born in knowledge and extensive networks in the region allows her access Hong Kong and speaks both English and Cantonese, he graduated to high calibre candidates and clients. Tina is CPA qualified with a with a Bachelor Degree in Law from University of Bristol. Funds Lawyer Legal Counsel Employment Lawyer prior career in PriceWaterhouse Coopers prior to joining Michael Page. [email protected] | +852 2848 4798 | linkedin.com/in/kamilbutt [email protected] | +852 2848 9561 | › 5+ PQE › 2+ PQE › 6+ PQE linkedin.com/in/tina-wang-cpa-8b604746 › Global Asset Management House › Fortune 500 Conglomerate › Boutique Firm A leading asset management house is seeking for a lawyer Our client is a fortune 500 conglomerate with operations This is an Employment and Regulatory role focusing to join a legal team of 5 across the region. You will report across various industries such as F&B, Real Estate and on complex litigation as well as all non–contentious to the Head of Legal with a focus on North Asia markets, Logistics. They are currently seeking a Legal Counsel to employment matters including the negotiation and drafting Sabina Li, Senior Consultant, Legal Support Soraya Tennent, Consultant, Legal Support taking a lead on product registration and distribution, join the legal team at the group level. Reporting to the of contract terms, drafting and advising post termination investment management and institutional matters, as General Counsel and you will be working with a team of restrictions, internal investigations and disciplinary issues, Sabina specialises in the recruitment of company secretarial Soraya’s career with Michael Page commenced in Australia in 2015. She well as assisting broader corporate matters. The ideal lawyers. You will have a wide exposure in handling various and discrimination and privacy issues, representing both professionals at all levels, with a focus on in house commercial has 2 years of recruitment experience in the areas of legal and finance. candidate will be a HK qualified funds lawyer with at corporate transactions including M&A deals, listing employers and employees. The ideal candidate is a Hong clients in Hong Kong. She has over 3 years of recruitment experience After moving to Hong Kong, Soraya specialises in the recruitment of least 5 years PQE. A minimum of 2 years’ experience compliance and other general legal matters. The ideal Kong qualified solicitor with at least 6 years of experience servicing commercial clients across a variety of industries. Sabina legal support staff for all leading and sizable law firms as well as global obtained in the areas of asset management and/or SFC candidate will be a 2 + years’ PQE lawyer, trained in an in managing contentious and non-contentious Hong Kong graduated from the UK with a Bachelor of Science and a Graduate and local financial institutions. Soraya graduated from Curtin University fund authorization is required. You will be independent international law firm. This is an excellent opportunity for employment matters. Chinese language skills would be Diploma in Law. Prior to joining Michael Page, she worked with a law with a Double Major in Business Law and Journalism. and be able to work under pressure, as well as with good any corporate lawyers aspiring to move in house. Strong a plus. The role offers the opportunity to work with high- stakeholder management skills. Fluency in English and language skills in both written and spoken English and calibre fee earners with a strong reputation in the market. firm and a HK listed company as a paralegal and company secretary. [email protected] | +852 2848 4795 | Chinese is essential. Ref: 3968941 Chinese is required. Ref: 3937163 Ref: 3970623 [email protected] | +852 3602 2480 | linkedin.com/in/sabinali linkedin.com/in/soraya-tennent-0b9a6a95
To apply, visit www.michaelpage.com.hk quoting the reference number or contact our consultants.
Specialists in legal recruitment Legal www.michaelpage.com.hk
SPECIALIST PROFESSIONAL RECRUITMENT LEGAL PROFESSIONALS
INVESTMENT LEGAL COUNSEL LEGAL/COMPLIANCE/OPERATIONS MANAGER REGIONAL INSURER HONG KONG HEDGE FUND ZRW/647330 OAA/574620
A leading life insurer is looking for a Hong Kong qualified lawyer with A well established hedge fund in Hong Kong is seeking to expand their experience in PRC funds and investments to join their team. Reporting infrastructure for their COO and General Counsel. This high performing to the Head of Legal, you will join a team of four: a senior legal counsel fund is looking for a sharp, motivated professional with strong knowledge focusing on funds and investment and two other associate legal of trading documentation, SFC regulations and the evolving compliance counsels. Ambitious in maturing into a leader in the Asia life insurance landscape, additionally experience in fund accounting and project space, you will be involved in many exciting products and projects in the management would be an asset. near future. Key Requirements: Key Requirements: ■ A legal education, qualified lawyer is beneficial ■ Hong Kong qualified lawyer with four to six years’ PQE ■ Strong knowledge of evolving regulatory environment for APAC ■ Experience in PRC funds ideally, or investment matters hedge funds with particular emphasis on SFC requirements ■ Good command in written and spoken English and Chinese (including ■ A pragmatic approach to the buyside and interested to work on Mandarin) matters ranging from administrative to very business facing ■ Chinese languages are beneficial but not essential
FUNDS ASSOCIATE CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS COUNSEL OFFSHORE LAW FIRM GLOBAL HOSPITALITY GROUP MTR/656420 ZRW/654550
A market leading offshore law firm is looking to add three mid-level funds A fast-growing hospitality group in Asia, listed on the main board of the associates to their well established, world renowned funds team. This Hong Kong Stock Exchange, is looking for a corporate transactional excellent opportunity will provide great work/life balance, and the perfect lawyer to join their APAC legal team. You will report to the APAC Head platform to get exposure to top tier international transactions. Candidates of Legal who is leading a team of three in Hong Kong. Main portfolio will be guided by experienced professionals in the offshore market and be includes listing rules compliance and drafting of transactional documents. well supported by junior lawyers. Excellent opportunity for Regional exposure. Key Requirements: Key Requirements: ■ A commonwealth qualified with four to seven years’ PQE, preferably ■ Hong Kong qualified lawyer with two to five years’ PQE in corporate UK, Australia, or New Zealand transactions (IPO, M&A) ■ Previous M&A or funds experience from a top-tier international ■ Good command in written and spoken English and Chinese (including onshore law firm Mandarin) ■ Experienced in investment funds and fund formation ■ Good command in written and spoken English and Chinese (including Mandarin)
VP, MARKETS COMPLIANCE VP – WEALTH MANAGEMENT COMPLIANCE LEADING UK BANK GLOBAL BANK QPD/652290 WDM/644050
Our client is looking for someone with strong compliance or legal Our client is looking to hire a senior compliance professional with advisory experience. Structured products and/or OTC derivatives experience in wealth management or private banking. This person will experience is ideal, but those with equities, FI, or FX backgrounds can cover all general and regulatory compliance functions including licensing, also be considered. You will be based on the trading floor and sit with AML/KYC and investment suitability. This is an opportunity to join a senior the business. This is a top team which offers wide exposure and direct level high performing team with good work-life balance and a direct business contact. reporting line to the CCO. Key Requirements: Key Requirements: ■ Structured products and/or OTC derivatives experience is ideal, but ■ Minimum of eight years of relevant experience, at least five years of those with equities, FI, or FX backgrounds can also be considered covering general compliance within an HKMA and SFC regulated firm ■ Knowledge of APAC regulations ■ Strong knowledge of general compliance and understanding of both ■ Extensive experience of working in a trading floor environment HKMA and SFC requirements ■ Strong track record in compliance or legal function with an investment ■ Ability to work at a senior level within a high performing hands-on role bank/exchange/financial regulator ■ Good command in written and spoken English and Chinese (including Mandarin)
To find out more, please contact Oliver at +852 2103 5317 or [email protected]. www.robertwalters.com.hk trust | honesty | integrity | partnership
Ship Litigation Banking & Finance Litigation 2-8 PQE Hong Kong 2-5 PQE Hong Kong 5+ PQE Hong Kong
This is a fantastic opportunity with a globally This global firm seeks an ambitious mid-level Our client seeks an associate to join their recognised international law firm, seeking a banking associate to join their collegial team exceptional team. This practice specialises junior shipping litigator to work for a highly to work on big ticket deals, including debt in litigation matters that are high in profile, regarded partner and act for household name capital markets, equity-backed financing, value and complexity, and has particular clients including global insurers, P&I Clubs and restructuring and syndicated lending. Common expertise in multi-jurisdictional disputes. commodity brokers. Mandarin skills a plus. law qualification required, Mandarin essential. Ideal candidate will have fluency in Chinese. HKL4823 HKL4771 HKL4864
FS Regulatory Real Estate Corporate M&A 4+ PQE Hong Kong 2+ PQE Hong Kong 5+ PQE Shanghai
This leading US law firm seeks a disputes This UK law firm is seeking a junior corporate Opportunity in Shanghai for a PRC qualified lawyer with solid FSR experience gained lawyer for their Real Estate practice group. You corporate lawyer with at least 5 years of from an international law firm. You will work will have experience in property work including experience to work with high calibre fee- with eminent partners within a collegiate hotel, transactional work and corporate real earners in a collegiate environment on cutting team on high profile matters. Common law estate matters. The ideal candidate will be edge corporate M&A transactions advising qualification required, mandarin an advantage. common law qualified. Chinese skills are blue chip corporates and leading investment HKL4825 preferred but not essential. HKL4812 banks. US admission a plus. HKL4860
Banking PSL Insurance Litigation Funds 4+ PQE Hong Kong 2-4 PQE Hong Kong 2+ PQE Hong Kong
This is an excellent opportunity for experienced Excellent opportunity to join a truly market leading This eminent law firm seeks a common lawyers to step away from fee-earning and join practice and a firm in growth mode across the Asia law qualified funds associate to join their a highly regarded global law firm’s Banking and Pacific. You will work with reputable individuals on premier practice. You will work for high Finance practice. You will work with a collegiate all aspects of insurance and reinsurance dispute profile clients on a variety of private team and take on a full range of PSL duties resolution matters. You will have a background investment funds. You will have solid including creating a solid precedent system, in commercial litigation with any shipping and experience in fund formation, M&A or PE. preparing notes on legal issues and know-how insurance background being ideal. You will be HK Mandarin skills desirable but not essential. documents. HKL4856 qualified, Chinese a plus. HKL4815 HKL4811
Corporate Arbitr5ation Corporate 3-6 PQE Beijing 2-4 PQE Shanghai Partner Shanghai
This is a fantastic opportunity for a PRC This is an excellent opportunity for an This US law firm is currently seeking a qualified corporate lawyer working at a leading international arbitration lawyer keen to senior associate on-track for partnership for local law firm or an international law firm to develop their career in Shanghai for the their Shanghai practice. This is a fantastic join the corporate practice of this international long-term. You will work alongside a well opportunity for a common law qualified law firm. You will work with high profile regarded partner on ship related disputes. associate with a native level of English to individuals on cutting edge transactions A lot of international arbitration work join an established and growing practice. and advising blue chip clients and leading and therefrom language is not essential. Chinese language skills a distinct advantage. investment banks. HKL4829 HKL4847 HKL4859
This is a selection of our current vacancies; for more information in complete confidence, please call the Hong Kong office on +852 2503 2500 or email us at
[email protected] www.atticus-legal.com
Private Practice In-house
Corporate/M&A Hong Kong 3 - 6 PQE Regulatory Lawyer Hong Kong 1-5 PQE International law firm is hiring junior to mid-level associates. Candidates should Leading hedge fund seeks a regulatory lawyer to handle on a wide range of legal and compliance have trained with an international firm and have solid experience in M&A and PE. matters. A great opportunity for a junior lawyer in private practice who is interested in in- Mandarin is required. (HKL15568) house legal career. The ideal candidate should have good experience in the funds/regulatory sector gained with a reputable firm. Fluency in Mandarin is a must. (HKL 16075)
Banking Finance Hong Kong 1-3 PQE Regional Legal Counsel Hong Kong/Shanghai 5-10 PQE City firm seeks a banking finance lawyer to join their well-established tier 1 team. A recognised global brand seeks a corporate counsel to support development & operations You should be qualified in a common law jurisdiction and possess solid experience and compliance matters for APAC. You will be involved in corporate and commercial matters in structured finance and general financing gained from an international firm. (HKL including advising management and business units on compliance, management and service 16186) contracts and participate in the review and negotiation of documentation related to transactional activity. Proficiency in spoken and written English & Chinese required. (HKL 16118)
PSL – M&A/ECM Hong Kong 3+ PQE City firm seeks an experience professional support lawyer to work within their M&A/Corporate Hong Kong 5-10 PQE corporate/ECM department. Excellent opportunity for a private practice lawyer to Blue chip Company with a strong global presence seeks a lawyer to support on their move into a support role within a leading firm. Salary on offer is very competitive. investment and M&A projects. You will advise the investment team on a full-range of legal (HKL 16181) matters and lead the negotiation of M&A and other investment projects. Extensive PE/VC and M&A experience is required. Fluency in Mandarin is a must. (HKL 16073)
DCM Hong Kong 4+ PQE A global law firm is looking for a US qualified associate with experience in high- Senior Legal Counsel Hong Kong 10-15 PQE yield bonds, MTN programs and/or structured debt products. Ideal candidate will Leading construction group seeks a senior corporate lawyer to lead their corporate legal have solid experience in US debt/equity capital markets transactions. Mandarin not function. You will lead a small team and support a full range of commercial corporate matters, required. (HKL 16229) including managing JV projects, supporting IT/IP issues, regulatory/compliance, and insurance broker agreements. You should have strong business acumen & good interpersonal skills. Cantonese language required. (HKL 16096) Corporate ECM/M&A Hong Kong 1-5 PQE US law firm seeks to hire a Hong Kong qualified lawyer with solid transactional Group Counsel Hong Kong 8-12 PQE experience in both capital markets and M&A. Ideal candidate will have had Nasdaq listed business seeks a corporate lawyer to provide a wide range of legal support to the exposure to notable transactions and have a desire to progress their career with a group. The person will handle a wide range of commercial contracts, listing regulatory matters top tier practice. Proficiency in Chinese language is essential. (HKL 15264) and IP/IT issues. You should have in-house experience with a well-established listed business. Offers a stable working environment with attractive remuneration package. (HKL 16198)
Funds Hong Kong NQ-3 PQE An international firm with a growing practice seeks a junior lawyer with training in Construction Lawyer Hong Kong NQ-5 PQE corporate or funds work. With a focus on investment products, you can expect to Leading Construction Company has a vacancy for a junior construction lawyer. You will advise advise fund managers, pension service providers, trustees and employers on the on contentious and non-contentious legal matters in Asia. You should be a HK qualified lawyer formation and maintenance, regulatory issues and restructuring of investment with solid experience in construction law gained in-house or in a law firm. Fluency in English products. Proficiency in Chinese language is essential. (HKL 15692) and Cantonese required. Rare opportunity with a well-established construction company. (HKL 16097)
Corporate Finance Hong Kong 1 – 3PQE Senior Legal Manager Hong Kong 5PQE+ International law firm seeks a junior Corporate Lawyer with M&A, IPO and general A well-known Real Estate development group seeks a mid to senior level lawyer with corporate experience. Candidates will have trained with an international firm or corporate experience. Work will involve providing legal advice on general corporate, M&A, a reputable firm with solid corporate experience. Mandarin is required. Top rate joint venture, finance, commercial and fund transaction. Prior experience of working in salary on offer. (HKL 16037) international law firms or real estate industry is a plus. Excellent communication skills in both written and spoken English and Chinese required. (HKL 16008) Happy Chinese New Year from all of us at Pure Search.
Wishing you a prosperous year 狗 of the Dog! 年 興 旺
Liam Richardson | In House FS Legal puresearch.com + 852 2499 9794 | [email protected] Hong Kong: +852 2499 1611 Mike Wright | Private Practice Legal Pure Search International Ltd. +852 2520 5298 | [email protected] Level 61, Unit 09, The Center Sherry Xu | In-house C&I Legal 99 Queen’s Rd Central +852 2520 5072 | [email protected] Central, Hong Kong
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