Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae, 5: 61–65, 2020, ISSN 2543-8832 DOI: 10.24917/25438832.5.4

Valerián Franc1*, Vladimír Hemala2

1Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 97401 Banská Bystrica, ; *[email protected] 2Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czechia

New remarkable records of myrmecophilous (Araneae) in Slovakia

Introduction

Myrmecophilous spiders rank among little known and ‘hidden’ , deserving of increased attention (Nelson, Jackson, 2009). Myrmecophiles are arthropods that live in or near nests and are considered true symbionts. Myrmecomorphy in spi- ders is generally considered a type of Batesian mimicry in which spiders gain pro- tection from predators through their resemblance to aggressive or unpalatable . Selection pressure from predators and egg-sac parasites may trigger greater integration of myrmecophilous spiders into ant colonies. e adaptations by which this integration is possible are not well understood, although it is hypothesised that most spider myrmecophiles are chemical mimics and some are even phoretic on their hosts (Cushing, 1997, 2012). e aim of our research was to present the distribution of three rare myrmecophil- ous spiders in Slovakia.

Methods

Over several years, we carried out occasional research on myrmecophilous arthropods in Slovakia. We applied current methods of sampling, particularly individual explora- tion under stones and siing the detritus of ant colonies. Old and undated records were not included in the record summary. e geograph- ic coordinates of the sites were included only for thoroughly localised records. e four-digit numeric code, DFS (Databank of Fauna of Slovakia), is only cited for several inaccurately localised records, where the coordinates were not clearly determinable. Other records with a three-digit numeric code were cited according to the Code of the geomorphological units of Slovakia.

61 Valerián Franc, Vladimír Hemala while Obenberger (1949) notedwhile only (Robinson, (1971)mentioned 1998).Miller same the ant except species as guinea warmer areas, though it abundant. may locally be rarely together with ants (Nentwig inforests etal., 2020)especially and grasslands of 62 anthropogenic habitats (e.g. vineyards). forests, oak warmdocumented dry sand also habitats, stone habitats, etc. and from scarcely in xerothermic grasslands and live also near ants (Nentwig etal., 2020). It was ruary 17,2019,more thanruary 10 colony of recordedbeen away from ant 1987). nests (Roberts, Fašanga, 2017);Dolné Vestenice (7276),April –May 2010(Melicherčíková, 2010). specimens (Dankaninová, Gajdoš, 2012); Malé Kršteňany (7376), April 2015(Franc, large number of records from Slovakia are available (Gajdoš etal., 1999;Franc, 2007). rocky grassland, colony inthe of T. caespitum (Franc, 2007). (1971) mentioned only T. caespitum caespitum rather abundant. It is alittle-known due species, to its hiddenway of life, but it to seems be actually Nitra (7674d) (Gajdoš, 1993)and town in the (6778) (Kratochvíl, Žilina Miller, 1937). katina (804),Dudich etal. 1940(inGajdoš hills etal., 1999);Malanta near town the of (7280)(Franc,Bystrica 2007)and surroundings (Franc, Hronská 2005); the pahor rufa ‘Little Water Damʹ (48°2805.48ʺN,18°5303.94 ʺ E,778ma.s.l.), colony inthe of Host ants: polyctena Formica 1) Host ants: Lasius niger L., L. avus Fabricius, Recent records: Hajnáčka (48°12ʹ46.74”N,19°5617.93”E,290ma.s.l.) inthe 2) recente further record: Jurský Šúr surroundings (7769),April 2009–2011,2 Recent record: Domaníky (48°15 Only afew records from Slovakia are available, for example: town the of Banská inamixed forest February 14, 2020,8♀,V. Franc and V. Hemala lgt.etcoll. scurrilis Acartauchenius yreosthenius biovatus (O. P.-Cambridge, sporadically and 1875)–occurs Latreille (Cushing, 1997;Buchar, Růžička, 2002),also Formica rufa Formica L.(Cushing, 1997; Buchar, Růžička, 2002). in the older inthe deciduous forest and oak hornbeam) (beech, Feb- ♀ (O. P.-Cambridge, sporadically and 1873)–occurs Foerster, F. V. Franc and V. Hemala lgt.;Banská Štiavnica –the . Apparently, it prefers highly last the ant species ʹ35.30” N,18°58 F. pratensis and

pratensis , May 4,2020,3♂and 2♀.Arelatively Formica rufa Formica ʹ44.08” E,208ma.s.l.), andesite Retzius, F. san L.and fusca F. F. Obenberger (1949)and Miller

rufa Results anddiscussion . It occasionally has also F. lugubris L. and Tetramorium F. polyctena Zetterstedt Zetterstedt F. F. - - , New remarkable records of myrmecophilous spiders (Araneae) in Slovakia 63 Hahniidae (Brian, 1977). (Brian, L. fuliginosus in mixed forest February 14, February forest in mixed and L. near the village of Jalovec in the Západné Tatry Mts Mts the in Západné Tatry Jalovec the village of near L. V. Franc lgt. (Franc, 2007); the Zobor National the 2007); Zobor National (Franc, lgt. Franc V. ♂ and 2 juveniles 2 juveniles 10, 2019, 1 ♀ and (Fig. 1), March the chapel near [together with the very with 1, 1994, 2 ♀ [together April slope, a xerothermic on Nylander, ( in warm species occurs rarely 1871) – this scattered orell, ( arietina Mastigusa 3) Host ants:Host brunneus Lasius the ants of in the nests E, 768 m a. s. l.), in the (49°09ʹ28.00ʺ N, 19°37ʹ54.70ʺ E, 768 m a. s. l.), Jalovec records: recent New  National the Rohy example: for available, are Slovakia from records e following   Formica rufa woodred ant of e colony  1. Fig (Photo. V. Hemala) V. (Photo. habitats, especially open forests (Fig. 1) and on xerothermic slopes.  under ey live  slopes. xerothermic on (Fig. 1) and especially forests open habitats, 2020). et al., (Nentwig in formicaries or bark  ey are not speci ed in the literature, it obviously may live together with a large range range a large with together live may obviously it ed in the literature, speci not ey are  species. ant of Formica rufa of colony V. Franc and V. Hemala lgt.  the Západné Tatry of the foot at record mountain is lgt.  Hemala V. and Franc V. ʺ N, (48°28ʹ05.48 Dam’ Water – the ‘Little Štiavnica Banská highly is notable!; Mts F. of in the colony 18°53ʹ03.94ʺ E, 778 m a. s. l.), rufa and 1 juvenile, V. Franc and V. Hemala lgt. et coll. lgt. Hemala V. and Franc V. 1 juvenile, 2020, 1 ♀ and Lasius of colony Detva Reserve (7482a/c), in a under-stone of the town near Nature Messor of (7879b), in the colony Plášťovce 3, 1991, 1 ♂; the village of , March niger muticus 1987); Krumpál, 29, 1978 (Gajdoš, (7674), April Nitra Reserve of the town near Nature Hampe!]; the Rykynčice village (7779d), in the Rykynčice Hampe!]; arenarius leiodid-beetlerare Attaephilus A. Hanzelová and Franc V. 9, 1994, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, all records April circumstances, the same in a xero- Foerster alienus Lasius of (7682a/b), in a colony Nedelište lgt.; the village of 1 22, 2000, April thermicoak forest, Valerián Franc, Vladimír Hemala Kratochvíl, J., Miller, F. (1937).Kpoznání myrmekolních pavouků Československa (To get to know the Nelson, X.J., Jackson, (2009).e inuence of R.R. ants on mating the strategy of amyrmecophilic jump Miller, F. (1971).Pavouci (Araneida) (Spiders (Araneida)). In: M.Daniel, V. Černý (eds.), Melicherčíková, M.(2010). Franc, V. (2005).Contribution to knowledge the on spiders (Araneae) surroundings inthe of Banská Dankaninová, L.,Gajdoš, P. (2012).Epigeic spider communities inhistorical structures of agricultural Gajdoš, P., Krumpál, M.(1987).Pavúky (Araneae) 1.Ochrana Zobora prírody, ÚŠOP Liptovský Mikuláš Gajdoš, P. (1993). Research on epigeic communities in landscapeagricultural of Malanta (South-West Cushing, P.E. (2012).Spider-ant associations: an updated of review myrmecomorphy, myrmecophily, and Gajdoš, P., Svatoň, J., K. (1999). Sloboda, Cushing, P.E. (1997).Myrmecomorphy and myrmecophily inspiders: Areview. Buchar, J., Růžička, J. of (2002).Catalogue Spiders of . the Praha: Peres Publisher. 351pp. Brian, M.V. (1977).Ants e authors declare no conict of interest related to article. this (Svatoň, 1985). (Gajdoš etal., 1999)and Urpín the near town the hill of Banská (7280d) Bystrica Identied in undated also records from Slovenský the Mts.kras (060) J. Svatoň lgt. Gajdoš, 2012);Ruské (49°7.970 Jurský Šúr surroundings: Malé Nové Hory (7769),April 2009–2011(Dankaninová, 64 Franc, V., Fašanga, M.(2017).Spiders (Araneae) of abandoned the pasture near of village the Malé Franc, V. (2007).Prevailingly trophic relations spiders between (Araneae) and ants (Formicoidea). In: ing spider Natural (Araneae, of Journal Salticidae). History myrmecophilous spiders Listy of Czechoslovakia). Entomologické tislava: Ústav krajinnej ekológie SAV. 337pp. [In Slovak] ČSR 4.Praha: Academia. p. 51–306.[In Czech] esis depone inMatej University Bel inBanská Library 79pp. Bystrica. [In Slovak] (Natural conditions of the surroundings wider of NPR Rokoš and in use eld teaching) Entomofauna Carpathica (Slovakia).Bystrica Entomofauna landscape (vineyard landscape Svätý inthe Jur area). Folia Faunistica Slovaca ID 151989,23p. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/151989 (Spiders (Araneae) 1.Nature Zobora protection, ÚŠOP Liptovský Mikuláš). Slovakia). 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New remarkable records of myrmecophilous spiders (Araneae) in Slovakia . ------65 Abstract Cambridge Cambridge Streszczenie Mastigusa arieti - 2. Colches . Vol. , 11, 72. O.P.-Cambridge and Masti and O.P.-Cambridge Araneae – spiders of Europae of – spiders Araneae O. P.-Cambridge i P.-Cambridge O. sp.) in Europe. sp.) yreosthenius biovatus biovatus yreosthenius at the foot of the Západné Tatry Mts Mts the Západné Tatry of the foot at Information on the authors on Information u podnóża Zachodnich Tatr jest bardzo bardzo jest podnóżau Zachodnich Tatr Linyphiidae and Check List Check and Linyphiidae . M. arietina , Bystrici v Banskej múzea Stredoslovenského Zborník yreosthenius biovatus , 19(3), 269–285. O.P.-Cambridge, yreosthenius biovatus O.P.-Cambridge, O. P.-Cambridge, P.-Cambridge, O. L. British Journal of Entomology History and Natural orell) in Slovakia. e mountain record of of record mountain e in Slovakia. orell) Nowe i niezwykłe notowania myrmecofilnych pająków (Araneae) na Słowacji Nowe i niezwykłe notowania myrmecofilnych Version 16.2.2020. https://www.araneae.nmbe.ch Version Books. pp. 204 Harley te: in nests of Formica rufa of in nests skej Bystrici. Stredné Slovensko (Sketch of the spider fauna (Araneida) of the proposed protected site site protected the proposed of (Araneida) fauna the spider of (Sketch Slovensko Stredné Bystrici. skej Bystrica. Central Slovakia). Banská near Urpín Slovak] 4, 237–259. [In Slovaca Faunistica Folia Cirocha. orell) na Słowacji. Zwłaszcza górskie notowanie M. arietina notowanie górskie Zwłaszcza Słowacji. na orell) is especiallyis remarkable. spiders myrmecophiles, faunistic, Araneae, words: Key Received: [2020.07.07] [2020.09.08] Accepted: gusa arietina e authors of this article provide data on the occurrence and ecology of three little-known myrmecophil ecology the little-known occurrence three and on of data this provide article of authors e ous spiders (Acartauchenius spiders ous scurrilis Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Bosmans, R., Gloor, D., Hänggi, A., Kropf, C. (2020). C. (2020). A., Kropf, Hänggi, D., R., Bosmans, Gloor, T., Blick, W., Nentwig, arch of beetles and spiders for more than 30 years, with special regard to the nature conservation conservation the nature to specialwith regard 30 years, than more for beetles spiders of and arch taxa. separate of endangerment of the factors and indication biological of the problems and He is interested in phenology and distribution of bugs (Hemiptera bugs of distribution in phenology and interested is He Vladimír Hemala Vladimír Valerián Franc Valerián deal has the rese with He zoology. invertebrate zoology general systematic of and a lecturer is He niezwykłe. pająki myrmekole, kluczowe:Słowa faunistyczny, Araneae, Autorzy tego artykułu podają dane o występowaniu i ekologii trzech mało znanych pająków myrmekol pająków trzech znanych mało i ekologii o występowaniu podają artykułu dane tego Autorzy nych ( na ). Praha: Vyšehrad, 221 pp. [In Czech] [In 221 pp. Vyšehrad, ). Praha: ants of life the From ( mravenců (1949). Ze života J. Obenberger, Ireland and Britain Great of Spiders (1987). e Roberts, M.J. spider the myrmecophile of new records N.A. (1998). Two Robinson, Svatoň, J. (1985). Náčrt fauny pavúkov (Araneida) navrhovaného chráneného náleziska Urpín pri Ban pri náleziska Urpín chráneného navrhovaného (Araneida) pavúkov fauny (1985). Náčrt J. Svatoň, Žila, P., Gajdoš, P. (2015). Spider fauna (Aranea) in non-forest habitats of the evicted area of the Horná the Horná the evicted of of area habitats in non-forest (Aranea) fauna (2015). Spider P. Gajdoš, Žila, P.,