Wine-Grower-News #308 7-12-15 Information in This Issue Includes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Wine-Grower-News #308 7-12-15 Information in This Issue Includes Wine-Grower-News #308 7-12-15 Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Wine Information in this issue includes: USDA Announces Risk Management Education Program Grants Impressive: Missouri Vine/Wine Economic Impact Study Winery Waste Water Study - Michigan Results from the Wisconsin State Fair Wine Competition 2015 Vermont Vineyard Feasibility Study – An Eye Opener 2014 Economic Impact of the Craft Beer Industry in Iowa 7-21, Sparkling Wine Workshop Series – UW-Madison VESTA Fall Wine Production Internship VIN 257 7-29, Vineyard Walk – West Madison Ag Research Station at Verona, WI Iowa Wine Growers Association’s 2016 Annual Conference EPA Soliciting Comments on Monarch Butterfly & Herbicides 7th Annual International Cold Climate Wine Competition Videos of Interest Show n Tell Marketing Tidbits Neeto Keeno Notable Quotables Articles of Interest Calendar of Events USDA Announces Risk Management Education Program Grants Details: http://www.rma.usda.gov/news/2015/07/cooperativeagreements.pdf 1 Impressive: Missouri Vine/Wine Economic Impact Study A just completed economic impact study was commissioned by the Missouri Wine and Grape Board and conducted by Frank, Rimerman + Co. LLP based on data collected from 2013. This is the same company who was commissioned to do the 2012 Iowa grape and wine industry economic impact study. The 2012 Iowa economic impact study showed a $420 million total economic impact from 99 wineries and $15 million in retail wine sales. This calculates out to a $28 economic impact from each $1 in retail wine sales or an average of $4.24 million impact per winery. The 2013 Missouri economic impact study showed a $1.76 billion total economic impact from 128 wineries and $52 million in retail wine sales. This calculates out to a $34 economic impact from each $1 in retail wine sales or an average of $13.75 million per winery. The modern day Missouri Grape and Wine Industry gained its momentum approximately 30 years prior to Iowa starting to gain momentum around the year 2000. Even though Missouri (population 6.1 million) has twice as many people as Iowa (population 3.1 million), it still stands as a good example of where the Iowa industry could move to in the future. You can view the entire 2013 Missouri Economic Impact Report here: http://missouriwine.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/2015-Missouri-Wine-Economic-Impact-Report.pdf You can find the Missouri Wine infographic shown above here: http://files.ctctcdn.com/d835f869001/501603f1-f89f-42a8-b3dd-db7a62d18765.pdf Winery Waste Water Study - Michigan The Michigan Grape and Wine Industry Council and industry members met with Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) staff in June to discuss ongoing efforts around winery wastewater in Michigan. Lakeshore Environmental recently published a two-year study on winery waste water in Michigan. Five Michigan winery participants were chosen to participate in this study. Wineries A, B, C, D, and E were chosen based on various factors. Ultimately, three different treatment systems were examined throughout this study. Wineries A, B, and E operated subsurface passive aeration systems; Winery C operated an existing dry well treatment system; Winery D utilized surface land application for wastewater treatment. 2 Findings from this study indicated that surface land application and subsurface passive aeration were effective long term treatment options for Michigan wineries. The dry well system was found to be a short term solution only; evidence of clay and sludge development and general infiltration concerns arose in systems older than approximately 2 years (seasons) in use. Aeration in one or more of the settling tanks, where utilized, was highly effective as a pretreatment option, prior to discharge to the onsite system. The full Michigan Winery Wastewater report can be found here: http://www.lakeshoreenvironmental.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Final-Report-Winery-Study-791N4300099-FINAL.pdf Results from the Wisconsin State Fair Commercial and Amateur Wine Competition can be found here http://wistatefair.com/competitions/judging-results/ 2015 Vermont Vineyard Feasibility Study – An Eye Opener Mark Cannella, Farm Business Management Specialist for the University of Vermont just completed a 2015 Vermont Vineyard Feasibility Study that will shock many small vineyard operators and others thinking of establishing a commercial vineyard. It definitely exposes the business feasibility of larger vineyards and/or combining a vineyard with a winery operation. The 21 year cash flow model was used on vineyards sizes of 5, 15 and 20 acres. Even though it was developed to match aspects of cold climate viticulture, winemaking and markets that are unique to Vermont. It does expose some hard trend lines that can be used here in the Midwest. Some of the assumptions used in this feasibility study that would differ from what we commonly see here in the Midwest would include Assumptions Vermont Midwest_________________ Vines/acre 812 544 to 726 Value / Ton $2,000 $1,000 to $1,600 Mature Yield / ac. 4 – 4.5 tons $3 – 4 tons (weather problems!) 18’ spaced Tile Drainage $3,000/ac. Very, very, very, very seldom. Land Value/ac. $3,250 to $6,000 Probably 20 to 35% higher. The following quote from this study pretty well sums it up! “A conundrum faces growers scaling-up from what may start as a hobby (perhaps less than 2 acres) to a transition size of 3-8 acres that is intended to perform as a commercial business. Growing grapes at this scale can be cost-prohibitive and logistically challenging due to the associated labor challenges, problems with sizing machinery, and 3 efficiency problems. Many small vineyard and winery operators will openly declare that their profits are most readily earned in the winery and not in the vineyard.” Mark plans to develop some fact sheets and simple calculators later this year that can be used by those considering getting into growing wine grapes. The 22 page 2015 Vermont Vineyard Feasibility Study can be found here: http://blog.uvm.edu/farmvia/files/2013/03/FBRR014-2015-VineyardFeasibilityStudy.pdf $100+ Million The 2014 Economic Impact of the Craft Beer Industry in Iowa by: Iowa Wine & Beer Development Board http://www.traveliowa.com/UserDocs/2014_Iowa_Craft_Beer_Economic_Impact_Report.pdf 88 Pages of Great U.S. & Iowa Facts, Figures & History 7-21, Sparkling Wine Workshop Series – UW-Madison What: Three session live or webinar workshop series covering the traditional method of sparkling wine production. When: Tues. 7-21-15, Overview of Traditional Method Sparkling Wine Production, Base Wine Preparation, and Style Options for Cold Climate January 2016, Base Wine Blending and Bottle Fermentation May 2016, Disgorging, Dosage and Final packaging Where: Pyle Center, UW-Madison, 107 Langdon St. Madison, WI. Cost (6-21): $50 in person attendance at The Pyle Center, $40 for either the live webcast or archived recording (plus processing fees) Speakers: Michael Jones, Fermentation Specialist, Scott Laboratories Mark Wenzel, Winemaker-Proprietor, Illinois Sparkling Company (via video conference) Larry Mawby, Winemaker-Proprietor, L. Mawby Winery (via video conference) Course Registration for Workshop #1 deadline is July 16, 2015 Details here: http://foodsci.wisc.edu/extension/sparkling_wine_workshops/ Contact: Nick Smith, Enology Outreach Specialist University of Wisconsin-Madison [email protected] or ph: 608-890.3397 4 Maréchal Foch (French pronunciation: [mɑreʃɑl fɔʃ], is an inter-specific hybrid French red wine grape variety. It was named after the French marshal Ferdinand Foch (1851-1929), who played an important role in the negotiation of the armistice terms during the closing of the First World War. It was developed in Alsace, France, by grape hybridizer Eugene Kuhlmann. --- WikipediA VESTA Fall Wine Production Internship VIN 257 Sign up deadline: 7/27/15, which is earlier than the regular fall classes. Instructor: Dennis Emslie Drummond This course (internship) is designed to provide a student who has completed major course sequences with an intense level of practical and realistic winery operation experiences, sufficient to equip him/her with sufficient skills and work experience for an entry-level position in the wine industry. Students involved in this program will participate in a full time Crush Season internship at a supporting winery, and are expected to use the time and opportunities to further their understanding of the wine making process and common winery operations. All other VESTA Fall Class Registration Deadline is 8-14-15 Details: http://www.vesta-usa.org Save the Date Iowa Wine Growers Association’s 2016 Annual Conference Feb. 28-29, Prairie Meadows Hotel –Racetrack & Casino , Altoona, IA. Details later here: http://iowawinegrowers.org/ 7-29, Vineyard Walk – West Madison Ag Research Station at Verona, WI When: 4 to 6 p.m. Wednesday, July 29th Where: West Madison Agricultural Research Station 8502 Mineral Point Road, Verona, WI No Pre-registration necessary Sponsored by: UW Extension Details: http://news.cals.wisc.edu/2015/07/08/uw-madison-agricultural-research-station-field-days-for-2015-season/ 5 The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is soliciting public comment on potential actions or a combination of actions that would be the most effective in reducing the impacts of herbicides on the monarch butterfly. The deadline for comments is July 24, 2015. Learn more on the EPA website (may be slow to load). The action is to gather comments on an earlier report called Risk Management Approach to Identifying Options for Protecting the Monarch Butterfly. A copy of the report is available at www.regulations.gov under docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP- 2015-0389. International Cold Climate Wine Competition Registration is now open for the 7th annual International Cold Climate Wine Competition, which will be held on August 18, 2015, on the St. Paul campus of the University of Minnesota. There are 38 official cold climate grape varieties eligible for this competition which are considered to be hardy without winter protection in USDA Zone 4 and are known to survive temperatures of -20°F or lower.
Recommended publications
  • Wine-Grower-News #225 1-18-13
    Wine-Grower-News #225 1-18-13 Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Wine Information in this issue includes: ISU Graduate Makes Wine Served at President Obama’s Inauguration New Team Member Offering More at the Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute Society of Wine Educators - Certified Specialist of Wine (CSW) Now Online: 2012 Calendar Year Iowa Native Wine Production & Sales Report 20 Grape Pruning Resources / 22 Grape Pruning Videos 2013 Midwest Small Fruit & Grape Spray Guide Now Available – FREE Iowa Alcohol Beverage Division Symposium 21 Information can be Found Online Northern Grapes Project - Upcoming Webinars 1-26, University of Minnesota Vine & Wine Research Update Michigan Grape Society’s 6th Annual SW Michigan Wine Evaluation Workshop 2-(8 & 9), North Dakota Grape and Wine Association Annual Conference 2-16, Great River Vineyard’s 16th Annual Grape Growing 101 – Frontenac, MN 3-(14-16), Iowa Wine Growers Annual Conference 3-(24-28), UC Davis Wine Executive Program Notable Quotables Marketing Tidbits (Silicon Valley Bank Annual State of the Wine Industry Report) Neeto-Keeno WWW Stuff Articles of Interest Show n Tell Calendar of Events ISU Graduate Makes Wine Served at President Obama’s Inauguration The lunch served after President Barack Obama’s inauguration Jan. 21 will feature a wine from an Iowa State University graduate. Trent Preszler, a 1998 ISU grad, is CEO of Bedell Cellars in Long Island. Bedell’s 2009 merlot will be served in the second course alongside bison with red potato horseradish cake and a wild huckleberry reduction. The wine and food were chosen by Sen.
    [Show full text]
  • Yours to Discover % the Official USA Destination Guide % All 50 States % What Ttoo Sell % How to Sell It
    C anadian T raveller • Ameri c a Y ours T o Disco v er • J uly 2007/08 3 Yours To Discover To Yours Publications Mail Agreement 40623544 • www.canadiantraveller.net • The Official Sponsor Publication of the Association of Canadian Travel Agencies Travel Association of Canadian The Official Sponsor Publication ofthe • 40623544 •www.canadiantraveller.net Agreement Publications Mail T W O A S A e Y America e W America e W P S a % % % % % % % % g ge I 1 N 2 7 Destination Guide USA The Official How To SellIt How To What T All 50States Destination Guide USA The Official How To SellIt How To Sell What To All 50States Industry News When You Really Need It…Daily! – TRAVELHotNews.com ReallyNeedIt…Daily!– You When Industry News o Sell July 2007/08 Thinking U.S.? Think US. Air Canada flies to more destinations in the U.S. from Canada and offers more nonstop service than any other airline. Add to that innovative Flight Passes and simplified one-way fares, and you’ve got the obvious choice when travelling south of the border. Help your clients Find freedom for your clients at aircanada.com/agents save time. WestJet’s new mobile check-in. WestJet can help you take care of your business clients. They can now check in * conveniently 24 hours to 30 minutes prior to their flight using our NEW mobile check-in. It is easy, just ask them to type mobile.westjet.com into their mobile device , follow the instructions and head to the airport. Then they can sit back and enjoy our great customer service, comfy leather seats and ample legroom.
    [Show full text]
  • Wastebook 2011
    WASTEBOOK 2011 Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................................1 1. Politicians Partying on the Taxpayer Dime – (Presidential Election Campaign Fund) $35.38 Million………………………………………………………….…..………………………………………..3 2. Mangled Mango Effort Could Hurt Farmers It Meant to Help – (Pakistan) $30 Million…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….………………4 3. Poor Planning Hobbles Air Force Green Energy Effort – (Department of Defense) $14 Million…………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 4. Subsidy Program for Small Airports Fails to Help Most Recipients Achieve Sustainable Air Service – (Federal Aviation Administration) $6 Million……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6 5. Paying for Pancakes – (Washington, D.C.) $765,828……….………….…………………………..7 6. The Super-Bridge to Nowhere – (Alaska) $15.3 Million………………………………………….8 7. Dead Federal Employees Continue to Get Benefits Checks – (U.S. Office of Personnel Management) $120 Million ………………………………………….……………………………..9 8. Extreme Home Makeover: Federal Highway Funds to Transform Abandoned ―Rock House‖ into Visitors Center – (Oklahoma) $529,689………………………………….10 9. Video Game Preservation – (New York) $113,277………………………………………………….…11 10. Millions In Foreign Aid to… China? – (Department of State & U.S. Agency for International Development) $17.80 Million …………………………………………………….………12 WASTEBOOK 2011 Dear Taxpayer, Robot dragons, video games, Christmas trees, snow cone machines, and chocolate. This is not a Christmas wish list. These are just some of the ways the federal government spent your tax dollars this year. Over the past 12 months, Washington politicians argued, debated and lamented about how to rein in the federal government‘s out of control spending. Ask yourself as you review each of All the while, Washington was on a shopping the entries outlined in this report: binge, spending money we do not have on things we do not need, like the $6.9 billion worth of Can we afford these things examples provided in this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Quarter Report January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2010
    Quarterly Report to USDA Rural Development Agricultural Marketing Resource Center (AgMRC) January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2010 Submitted by Iowa State University and Kansas State University. Iowa State University Extension Second Quarter Report January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2010 Goal #1 Create and promote an electronic, Web-based library with powerful search capabilities to make value-added information and other resources available to producers (includes Website development and functions). Provide electronically available information and resources on value-added markets and industries including a wide variety of commodities and products (this includes the Commodities and Products and Markets and Industries sections of the Website). In terms of visits to the website, the total number was 258,011 (↑) during the quarter, while the average number of visits per day was 2,867 (↑). Within the United States, the most visits came from the states of Washington (36.0% ↓), California (12.8% ↑), New York (6.9% ↓), Illinois (3.2% unchanged) and Texas (2.6% new). By country, the largest number of visits this quarter originated from the United States (71.2% ↑), followed by (in order): China (3.2% ↓), Canada (3.0% ↓), India (2.8% ↓) and United Kingdom (2.2% ↓). Blog During this quarter, 18,100 visitors (↑) viewed the AgMRC Blog, opening 28,093 pages (↑) and spending an average of two minutes and 46 seconds (↑). Major Content Sections When the content sections of the Web site are considered, Commodities and Products (C&P) and Business Development (Bus Dev) continue to rank as the top two most frequently visited sections this quarter. C&P accounted for 24.5 percent of website visits (↑), and Bus Dev accounted for 19.3 percent of visits (↓).
    [Show full text]
  • Fruit and Vegetable Programs Specialty Crop Block Grant Program
    Fruit and Vegetable Programs Specialty Crop Block Grant Program Fiscal Year 2008 Farm Bill Description of Funded Projects The fifty States, the District of Columbia and five U.S. Territories were awarded Fiscal Year 2008 Farm Bill funds to perform a total of 252 projects that benefit the specialty crop industry. All the eligible entities submitted their applications by the established deadline of September 8, 2008. The approved awards are listed alphabetically. 2008 Farm Bill Project Delivery Types 36; 14% 108; 43% 108; 43% Competitive Grants Other State Programs State Program The proposal illustrated that the State department of agriculture planned to administer the project and/or a competitive grant program was not conducted. Competitive Grants The proposal demonstrated that a fair and open competition was conducted and the project partner(s) are clearly involved. Other The proposal illustrated that project partners met with the grantee to determine project priorities, but an open competitive grant program was not conducted. 2008 Farm Bill Project Types 24; 9% 19; 7% 15; 6% 27; 11% 14; 5% 2; 1% 156; 61% Education Food Safety Marketing & Promotion Other Pest & Plant Health Production Research Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries Amount Awarded: $125,779.00 Number of Projects: 2 • Assist Alabama specialty crop producers with direct marketing, value-added operations, consumer education, agritourism and general promotions. • Expand and target families in the undeserved counties in Alabama to conduct workshops to teach parents how to incorporate fresh produce as a staple in the family's diet. Alaska Division of Agriculture Amount Awarded: $101,521.00 Number of Projects: 2 • Increase outreach efforts to Alaskan specialty crop farmers who are not currently part of the Alaska Grown program and develop a newsletter to alert food service industry wholesalers of the availability of Alaska Grown specialty crops through the hiring of a project assistant.
    [Show full text]
  • Wine-Grower-News #353 Information in This Issue Includes: Jennie Savits
    Wine-Grower-News #353 2-17-17 Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Wine Information in this issue includes: Jennie Savits – New ISU Extension Enology Specialist (FREE) 2017 Pest Management Guide for Grapes in Washington 2017/2018 VineSmith Winegrape Spray Guides Now Available Some Upcoming Wine Competitions 9,091 Wineries in the U.S. Enologist Position Still Open: Highland Community College – Wamego, KS 3-(2-4) 20th Annual Nebraska Winery and Grape Growers Conference 3-(4 &5), VESTA Wine Chemistry Workshop – Springfield, MO Cornell Extension Viticulture Specialist Needed in Eastern New York 3-(8-10), Show Me Grape and Wine Conference and Symposium Videos of Interest Show n Tell Marketing Tidbits Neeto Keeno Notable Quotables Articles of Interest Calendar of Events U.S. 30 Day Temperature Forecast Map Jennie Savits – New ISU Extension Enology Specialist Jennie Savits rejoined the Midwest Grape and Wine Industry Institute (MGWII) on February 3rd as the Enology Field Specialist. She took an interest in wine in while working as the first undergraduate lab assistant at MGWII from 2007-2009. Following graduation from Iowa State University with a B.S. in Food Science in 2009, Jennie completed a harvest internship at Bedell Cellars in New York, where she participated in all aspects of the winemaking process. Returning home to central Iowa and the MGWII, Jennie worked as a Research Associate from 2010-2015. Duties included assisting with research projects, education and outreach, and performing chemical analysis of juice and wine samples along with student supervision. Jennie earned a Master’s degree in Food Science in 2014, her thesis research project focused on the varietal characteristics of La Crescent wine.
    [Show full text]
  • Wine-Grower-News #14 Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute: August 10, 2007
    Wine-Grower-News #14 Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Wine August 10, 2007 . Information included in this issue includes: Grape Tube Gallmaker Check Out The Neighbors – Midwest Vine/Wine Associations Nebraska Grape Checkoff Now Law “Temparia” Grape Variety Ed Swanson’s Newest Star Shines Sweet Sells! New Wine Laws in Missouri Renal Failure Common IF Fido Eats Grapes or Raisins Oklahoma Wineries Can No Longer Self Distribute Wine.com #1 Wine Site in the World 20 to25 Year Olds Perceive Wine as Healthy Neeto-Keeno WWW Stuff Grape Tube Gallmaker Diane Larson, Iowa Wine Growers Association (IWGA) board member and co-owner of Snus Hill Winery in Madrid, IA. handed me a grape leaf covered with weird galls just before the IWGA 8-9-07 Round Table membership meeting held at Prairie Crossing Winery located just south of Treynor, IA. Of course, I could not remember what kind of galls were on the leaf at the time she showed it to me. (Story of my life!) But,..I did remember on the way home that night. Grape Tube Gallmaker galls The grape leaf was covered with tube galls caused by the Grape Tube Gallmaker (Cedidomynia viticola). A gall fly known as a midge lays eggs on the grape leaf. The leaf then responds by producing pointed tube galls. The midge larva will then develop inside the gall. The grape tube gallmaker is an incidental pest and is not of economic importance. 1. Grape Tube Gallmaker, Ohio State Univ: http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/grapeipm/grape_tube_gallmaker.htm Check Out The Neighbors – Midwest Vine/Wine Associations 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Wine-Grower-News #151 December 31, 2010 (Next Newsletter in 2 Weeks!)
    Wine-Grower-News #151 December 31, 2010 (Next newsletter in 2 weeks!) Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Wine Information in this issue includes: New Information on Herbicide Labels 2011 ICCVE Winter Pruning Workshop Dates Announced 1-15, Bubble Point Wine Filtration Test - Workshop ICCVE Advanced Vineyard Management course begins March 17, 2011 1-(28 & 29), Iowa Fruit & Vegetable Growers & Marketers Conference 3-8-11 - Fruit Brandy Distillation Workshop – Mt Grove, MO 2011 Ohio Grape & Wine Conference Missouri FB Written Policy Supports Missouri Grape & Wine Industry Comments from Readers Notable Quotables Show n Tell Videos of Interest Articles of Interest Neeto-Keeno WWW Stuff Calendar of Events New Information on Herbicide Labels By Bob Hartzler, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University Extension Herbicide labels now include a standardized system to inform users of the product‟s mechanism of action (MOA). A box labeled „Herbicide Group‟ is present near the top of the label. The number in the box represents MOA of the active ingredient, based on a system developed by the Weed Science Society of America. Premixes containing more than one mode of action will have multiple numbers listed. Following is an example of the new logo. The intent of this information is to simplify development of herbicide programs that reduce the likelihood of selecting herbicide resistant weeds. In production systems relying largely on herbicides 1 for weed management, using herbicides with different MOAs is the primary means of managing resistance. Generally, the greater number of MOAs used, the less selection pressure placed on weeds. However, designing an integrated program is not as simple as randomly adding MOAs.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruit and Vegetable Programs Specialty Crop Block Grant Program
    Fruit and Vegetable Programs Specialty Crop Block Grant Program Fiscal Year 2010 Description of Funded Projects The fifty States, the District of Columbia, and three U.S. Territories were awarded Fiscal Year 2010 funds to perform a total of 859 projects that benefit the specialty crop industry. All the eligible entities with the exception of American Samoa and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands submitted their applications by the established deadline of July 29, 2010. The approved awards are listed alphabetically. 2010 Project Delivery Types 157; 18% 51; 6% 651; 76% Competitive Grants Other State Programs State Program The proposal illustrated that the State department of agriculture planned to administer the project and/or a competitive grant program was not conducted. Competitive Grants The proposal demonstrated that a fair and open competition was conducted and the project partner(s) are clearly involved. Other The proposal illustrated that project partners met with the grantee to determine project priorities, but an open competitive grant program was not conducted. 2010 Project Types 116; 14% 157; 18% 71; 8% 42; 5% 100; 12% 46; 5% 327; 38% Education Food Safety Marketing & Promotion Other Pest & Plant Health Production Research Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries Amount Awarded: $435,904.12 Number of Projects: 12 • Partner with the Alabama Pecan Growers Association by allowing use of the “Buy Fresh, Buy Local” logo in order to educate consumers and growers on the nutritional benefits of pecans, expanding ways to use pecans and informing the consumer of locations of retail outlets for Alabama pecans • Partner with the Alabama Watermelon Association, Inc.
    [Show full text]