Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment and Level 1

Fauna Assessment

Biologic Environmental Survey

Report to City of Armadale

October 2019

Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

DOCUMENT STATUS Approved for Issue to Rev. No. Author Review / Approved for Issue Name Date Claire Brooks, 1 Chris Knuckey Tiffany van der Linde Oct 2019 Brighton Downing

2 Claire Brooks Chris Knuckey Tiffany van der Linde Oct 2019

Tiffany van der Linde 3 Claire Brooks Chris Knuckey Oct 2019 Megan Stone

“IMPORTANT NOTE”

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Contents

1 Introduction ...... 5 1.1 Study Area ...... 5 1.2 Species of Interest ...... 7 1.2.1 Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) ...... 7 1.2.2 Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso) ...... 7 1.2.3 Baudin’s Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus baudinii) ...... 8 2 Methods ...... 9 2.1 Compliance ...... 9 2.2 Database Review ...... 9 2.3 Field Survey ...... 10 2.3.1 Habitat Assessments and Mapping ...... 10 2.3.2 Opportunistic Vertebrate Fauna Records ...... 10 2.3.3 Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment ...... 10 2.4 Assessment of Species Conservation Significance ...... 14 2.5 Assessment on Occurrence...... 15 2.6 Potential Limitations and Constraints ...... 16 3 Results ...... 17 3.1 Database Review ...... 17 3.2 Fauna Habitats ...... 22 3.3 Fauna Recorded ...... 23 3.4 Fauna of Conservation Significance ...... 24 3.4.1 Black-Cockatoos ...... 36 4 Conclusion ...... 44 5 References ...... 46

Tables

Table 2.1 Databases used for the vertebrate fauna review ...... 9 Table 2.2: Known breeding trees for Black Cockatoo species ...... 11 Table 2.3 Foraging habitat description and base habitat scoring system for black cockatoos likely within the Study Area (adapted from DoEE, 2017) ...... 13 Table 2.4 Conservation significance assessment guidelines ...... 14 Table 2.5: Species likelihood of occurrence decision matrix ...... 15 Table 2.6 Survey limitations and constraints ...... 16 Table 3.1 Conservation species previously recorded within 12 km of the Study Area based on database searches. Invertebrate and marine species are not shown...... 17 Table 3.2 Other non-targeted vertebrate species recorded during the current survey. *denotes introduced species...... 24 Table 3.3 Conservation significant species likelihood assessment ...... 25 Table 3.4: Foraging habitat summary for the two Black Cockatoo species most likely to be present in the Study Area ...... 37 Table 3.5: Number of trees with 500 mm or greater DBH recorded in the Study Area ...... 40

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Figures Figure 1.1 Location of Study Area ...... 6 Figure 3.1 Previous records of Black-Cockatoos in the vicinity, including roost locations ...... 20 Figure 3.2: Other conservation significant fauna database results ...... 21 Figure 3.3 Black Cockatoo Foraging Habitat and Potential Breeding Tress ...... 38 Figure 3.4: Potential roosting and breeding habitat in the Study Area...... 41 Figure 3.5 Potential roosting and breeding trees with hollows in the Study Area ...... 42

Appendices

Appendix A Characteristics of trees within the Study Area of trees with DBH over 500 mm .. 49

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1 Introduction

The City of Armadale (“CoA”) commissioned Biologic Environmental Survey Pty Ltd (Biologic) to undertake a Desktop Fauna Assessment, Opportunistic Vertebrate Fauna Survey (Level 1) and Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment for a parcel of land adjacent to Champion Drive, Armadale (hereafter referred to as the “Study Area”) (Figure 1.1). This survey is intended to support a proposed amendment to Town Planning Scheme No 4, and to comply with section 48A of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act), where additional information is required in the form of a fauna habitat survey over the Study Area with a focus on black cockatoos.

The survey was designed to meet the Federal survey guidelines Revised draft referral guideline for three threatened black cockatoo species Carnaby’s Cockatoo (Endangered) Calyptorhynchus latirostris, Baudin’s Cockatoo (Vulnerable) Calyptorhynchus baudinii, Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo (Vulnerable) Calyptorhynchus banksii naso (DoEE, 2017). The assessment included a review of previous Black-Cockatoo records in the region, a field survey, and a final report identifying habitat for each species of Black-Cockatoo, including a summary of survey results. In addition, a Level 1 vertebrate fauna survey was completed over the Study Area, opportunistically recording any vertebrate fauna species encountered.

1.1 Study Area

The Study Area is located approximately three kilometres (km) northwest of the Armadale city centre, and 22 km south-east of Perth, on the Swan Coastal Plain. The region encompassing the Study Area, the Swan Coastal Plain, is recognised as significant foraging grounds for Black Cockatoos, with some small patches of breeding habitat (DoEE, 2017). The Study Area is a small parcel of land covering just over 28 ha (approximately 500 m in length and width) (Figure 1.1). It is located within a highly urbanised local environment; however, it is in the vicinity of Forrestdale Lake and small reserves.

Page | 5 403437 404187 404937 405687 406437 407187 6445471 6444871 6444271 6443671 Legend City of Armadale Study Area Black-Cockatoo and Level 1 survey Fig. 1.1: Location of the Study Area

Greater Paraburdoo 1:10,000 Study Area Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 0 0.15 0.3 0.6 Projection: Transverse Mercator ¯ km Datum: GDA 1994 Size A3. Created 17/09/2019 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

1.2 Species of Interest

1.2.1 Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris)

Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo is listed as Endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1950 (EPBC Act) and Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (BC Act). This species is endemic to southwest Western Australia, and is distributed from the Murchison River to Esperance and inland to Coorow, Kellerberrin and Lake Cronin (Cale, 2003). The species was once common, but the population has declined significantly in the last half century (Johnstone & Storr, 1998) and is now locally extinct in some areas (Shah, 2006). The total population of Carnaby’s Cockatoo is currently estimated at 40,000 (Peck et al., 2019). Several significant roost sites exist for Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo in the Greater Perth-Peel region. Data from the Birdlife Australia Great Cocky Count 2019 (Peck et al., 2019) found that the population in the Perth-Peel Coastal Plain is significant at a species scale, supporting four of the five largest known roosts in 2019. Seventy percent of the Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoos recorded were associated with the Gnangara-Pinjar pine plantation, north of Perth (Peck et al., 2019). Modelled distributions show the Study Area lies within the breeding range for Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo (DoEE, 2017).

Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoos feed on seeds, nuts and flowers of a variety of native and exotic plants, including Banksia (including those previously included in the genus Dryandra), Pine trees (Pinus sp.), Marri, Jarrah, Grevillea, Allocasuarina, and Hakea (Shah, 2006). For Carnaby’s Cockatoo, the seeds from Banksia seed pods and the cones of pine trees provide the highest energetic yield as Carnaby’s Cockatoo are less efficient at extracting Marri seeds than Baudin’s Cockatoo (Cooper et al., 2002).

Trees used as nest sites by Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo are mature, hollow bearing trees, usually with a crown containing dead limbs and a sparse canopy (Cale, 2003; Johnstone & Storr, 1998). They generally nest in hollows of smooth barked Eucalypts, especially Salmon Gum and Wandoo, and on the Swan Coastal Plain most nests are in Tuart (Johnstone & Johnstone, 2004) however, they are said to nest in any species of Eucalypt with a suitable hollow (Cale, 2003; Saunders, 1979). Breeding has been recorded from early July to mid- December and primarily occurs in the Wheatbelt (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). On the Swan Coastal Plain, Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo are known to breed in small numbers at Regans Ford, Yanchep, Gingin, Mandurah and Bunbury (Johnstone & Storr, 2004).

1.2.2 Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso)

The Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo is listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act and BC Act. This species is distributed through the humid and sub-humid southwest of Western Australia from Gingin through the Darling Ranges to the southwest, from approximately Bunbury to Albany (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). Modelled distributions show the Study Area lies within Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo distribution (DoEE, 2017). Population size has been estimated recently at approximately 15,000 birds (Peck et al., 2019). Although not nomadic like Carnaby’s and Baudin’s Cockatoos, the Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo has been known to exhibit

Page | 7 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment extreme population fluctuations in response to food availability and fires (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). The Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo occurs in pairs or small flocks, or occasionally large flocks of up to 200 (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). They inhabit dense Jarrah, Karri and Marri forests that receive more than 600 mm average annual rainfall (DoEE, 2017), and breed in the southwest of Western Australia between October and November, producing one or two eggs.

This species feeds primarily on Marri and Jarrah fruit (DoEE, 2017) and have also been known to feed on Blackbutt (Eucalyptus patens), Albany Blackbutt (Eucalyptus staeri), Karri, Sheoak (Allocasuarina fraseriana) and Snottygobble (Persoonia longifolia). Forest Red-tailed Black- Cockatoos can obtain energy faster when feeding on Marri and Jarrah than other food sources (Cooper et al., 2002), and these two plant species make up 90% of their diet (Johnstone & Storr, 1998).

1.2.3 Baudin’s Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus baudinii)

Baudin’s Cockatoo is listed as Endangered under the EPBC Act and BC Act. This species is distributed through the south western humid and sub-humid zones, from the northern Darling Range and adjacent far east of the Swan Coastal Plain (south of the Swan River), south to Bunbury and east to Albany (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). Modelled distributions show the Study Area lies within the known foraging areas for Baudin’s Black-Cockatoo (DoEE, 2017). They usually occur in small flocks of up to 30, or occasionally up to 50, or rarely in aggregations of up to 1200 (Johnstone & Kirkby, 2008a). The total population of Baudin’s Cockatoo is estimated to be about 12,000 birds (Peck et al., 2019).

This species forages primarily in eucalypt forest, where it feeds on Marri seeds, flowers, nectar and buds (Johnstone & Kirkby, 2008a). They also feed on a wide range of seeds of Eucalyptus, Banksia and Hakea, as well as the fruits of apples, pears, persimmons, pines, and beetle larvae from under the bark of trees (Johnstone & Kirkby, 2008a; Johnstone & Storr, 1998). For Baudin’s Cockatoo, the seeds from Marri provide a high energetic yield because Marri seeds are a high energy food and Baudin’s Cockatoo are able to quickly extract the seeds from the nut using their long bill (Cooper et al., 2002).

Baudin’s Cockatoos nest in tree hollows in the deep southwest of Western Australia, with primary nesting trees being Karri, Marri, and Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo). Baudin’s Cockatoo is mostly a postnuptial nomad (Johnstone & Kirkby, 2008a) and breed from around October to December. After breeding, Baudin’s Cockatoos leave nesting areas and amalgamate to form large foraging flocks. These flocks generally migrate north to the main non-breeding wintering area in the northern Darling Range between Collie and Mundaring (Johnson & Kirkby, 1999).

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2 Methods

2.1 Compliance

The survey was carried out in a manner consistent with the Western Australian Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), and the Department of the Environment and Energy (DoEE).

• Environmental Protection Authority (EPA, 2016a) Technical Guidance: Sampling Methods for Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna; • EPA (2016b) Technical Guidance: Terrestrial Fauna Surveys; • DEWHA (2010) Survey Guidelines for Australia’s Threatened Birds; • DoEE (2017) Revised draft referral guideline for three threatened black cockatoo species: Carnaby’s Cockatoo, Baudin’s Cockatoo and the Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo.

2.2 Database Review

Four databases were searched to obtain information on species previously recorded within the Study Area (Birdata, NatureMap and Threatened and Priority Fauna Search) and conservation significant species likely to occur within the Study Area (Protected Matters Database) (Table 2.1).

• BirdLife Australia’s Birdata Custom Bird List (Birdlife Australia, 2019) – to determine black cockatoo roosting sites recorded from the region; • Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions’ (DBCA) NatureMap database (DBCA, 2019a) to determine fauna recorded from the region; • DBCA’s Threatened and Priority Fauna Search (DBCA, 2019b) - to determine threatened fauna recorded from the region and; • Department of Environment and Energy’s (DoEE) Protected Matters Database (DoEE, 2019a) – to determine matters of national environmental significance recorded from the area.

Table 2.1 Databases used for the vertebrate fauna review

Provider Database Parameters Birdata Custom Bird List Circle of radius 12 km centred on BirdLife Australia Received August 2019 the point -32.1292, 115.9952

NatureMap Circle of radius 12 km centred on DBCA Assessed September 2019 the point -32.1292, 115.9952

Threatened and Priority Fauna Search Circle of radius 5 km centred on DBCA Received August 2019 the point -32.1292, 115.9952

Protected Matters Database Search Tool Circle of radius 12 km centred on DoEE Accessed September 2019 the point -32.1292, 115.9952

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2.3 Field Survey

The field survey was completed in a single day on 4th of September 2019 by an experienced zoologist (Claire Brooks) and experienced ecologist (Sam Coultas). The weather experienced during the survey fell within long term averages for the area, with a maximum temperature of 16.5 °C and no rainfall (BoM, 2019).

2.3.1 Habitat Assessments and Mapping

During the field survey broad fauna habitats were defined and mapped within the Study Area. Fauna habitats were assessed for the likelihood that they may support conservation significant fauna. Any disturbances present (e.g. weeds, clearing, tracks, feral animals) were also documented.

2.3.2 Opportunistic Vertebrate Fauna Records

Opportunistic records of vertebrate species encountered during the survey via direct observation, calls or secondary evidence (i.e. burrows, scratching’s, diggings, scats, tracks, feathers, nests) were documented. The latest checklist of mammal, reptile and amphibian names published by the Western Australian Museum (WAM, 2019) was used as a guide to the current taxonomy and nomenclature of these groups. For birds, the current checklist of Australian birds maintained by Birdlife Australia (based on Christidis & Boles, 2008) was used in conjunction with the WAM species list (WAM, 2019).

2.3.3 Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

A Black Cockatoo habitat assessment was conducted via foot-traversed transects across the entire Study Area in line with the DoEE (2017) Revised draft referral guideline for three threatened black cockatoo species for potential breeding, roosting and foraging habitat within the Study Area.

Potential Breeding Trees

Breeding habitat for Black Cockatoos is defined as “trees of species known to support breeding within the range of the species which either have a suitable nest hollow or are of a suitable diameter at breast height (DBH) to develop a nest hollow” (DoEE, 2017) (Table 2.2). For most tree species, suitable DBH is 500 mm. For Salmon Gum and Wandoo, suitable DBH is 300 mm (DoEE, 2017; DSEWPaC, 2012). Breeding habitat for all three Black Cockatoo species generally consists of woodland or forest; however, breeding is also known to occur in former woodland or forest now comprising of isolated or small patches of trees (DoEE, 2017; DSEWPaC, 2012).

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Table 2.2: Known breeding trees for Black Cockatoo species

Species1 DBH (mm) Corymbia calophylla (Marri) 500 Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah) Eucalyptus rudis (Flooded Gum) Eucalyptus camaldulensis (River Gum)2 Eucalyptus diversicolor Eucalyptus patens Eucalyptus megacarpa Eucalyptus salmonophloia (Salmon Gum) 300 Eucalyptus wandoo (Wandoo) Eucalyptus accedens (Powderbark) 1 List excludes species for which Study Area occurs outside the known distribution of the species, as provided in Florabase

The location and attributes of all potential black cockatoo habitat trees (as defined by DoEE) were recorded within the Study Area during the field survey. Attributes recorded included tree species (where discernible), approximate height, DBH, condition (i.e. living or dead), presence of hollows, and dimensions of hollows (where discernible).

Suitable nest hollows were considered any hollow that appeared to be deep enough with an opening large enough to be used by Black Cockatoos, of both natural and artificial origin. Where suitably sized hollows were recorded, further inspections were undertaken to identify the presence/absence of any known breeding signs, i.e. hollows showing evidence of wear and chew marks around the hollow entrance that may be attributed to Black Cockatoos. Where possible, hollow usage by fauna was also recorded, including use by introduced honeybees or Rainbow Lorikeets.

Potential Foraging Habitat

Foraging habitat quality was assessed throughout the Study Area using the habitat scoring tool provided by DoEE (2017) (refer to Table 2.3). In determining the quality of foraging habitat for each of the Black Cockatoo species, the scoring tool considers key attributes of foraging habitat for each species to give them a score between 1–10. This includes connectivity and proximity of the foraging habitat to other foraging habitat in the area, as well as other threats that can reduce the functionality of that habitat for respective species. DoEE (2017) defines ‘high quality’ foraging habitat as habitat scoring of 7 or above, which, particularly in proximity to roosting and/or breeding sites, is considered important for the long-term survival and recovery of Black Cockatoos.

Any tree and shrub species known to be staple food resources for Black Cockatoos (i.e. Corymbia and Banksia species) or any evidence of foraging (i.e. chewed nuts or Banksia cones and/or flowers) within the Study Area was also documented.

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Potential Night Roosting

The potential for night roosting to occur within the Study Area was interpreted and extrapolated from the identification of potential breeding trees, mapping of potential breeding habitat, proximity to suitable watering spots, and knowledge of any known roosting sites within the vicinity of the Study Area. A Birdlife Australia Black Cockatoo search was conducted within the 12 km of the Study Area to identify the presence of any known roosting locations (refer to Section 2.2; Table 2.1).

Any evidence of possible roosting events (i.e. clipped leaves and branches or droppings under suitable trees) recorded during the field survey was documented.

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Table 2.3 Foraging habitat description and base habitat scoring system for black cockatoos likely within the Study Area (adapted from DoEE, 2017)

Baudin’s Cockatoo Carnaby’s Cockatoo Forest Red-tailed Black cockatoo Primarily seeds of jarrah and marri in woodlands and forest, and Primarily seeds of marri and jarrah in woodlands and forest, and Native shrubland, Kwongan heathland and woodland on seeds, edges of karri forests, including wandoo and blackbutt. Forages on seeds of native proteaceous plant species (for example, Banksia flowers and nectar of native proteaceous plant species (Banksia Eucalyptus caesia, E. erythrocorys, Allocasuarina cones, fruits of spp., Hakea spp. and Dryandra spp.). During the breeding season spp., Hakea spp., Dryandra spp., and Grevillea spp.), as well as snotty gobble (Persoonia longifolia) and mountain Marri (Corymbia Description of foraging habitat feed primarily on native vegetation, particularly marri (seeds, Callistemon spp. and marri. Also seeds of introduced species haematoxylon). Also, some introduced eucalypts such as river red flowers, nectar and grubs). Also, insects and insect larvae; pith of including Pinus spp., Erodium spp., wild radish, canola, almonds and gum (E. camaldulensis) and flooded or rose gum (E. grandis). On kangaroo paw (Anigozanthos flavidus); juice of ripe persimmons; pecan nuts; insects and insect larvae; occasionally flesh and juice of the Swan Coastal Plain, often feeds on introduced Cape lilac (Melia tips of Pinus spp.; and seeds of apples and pears. apples and persimmons. azedarach). Base habitat score Foraging habitat that is being managed for black cockatoos such as Foraging habitat that is being managed for black cockatoos such as Foraging habitat that is being managed for black cockatoos such as habitat that is the focus of, successful rehabilitation, and/or has habitat that is the focus of successful rehabilitation, and/or has some habitat that is the focus of successful rehabilitation, and/or has 10 (Very high quality) some level of protection from clearing, and/or is quality habitat level of protection from clearing, and/or is quality habitat described some level of protection from clearing, and/or is quality habitat described below with attributes contributing to meet a sore of ≥10. below with attributes contributing to meet a sore of ≥10. described below with attributes contributing to meet a score of ≥10. Native shrubland, Kwongan heathland and woodland dominated by proteaceous plant species such as Banksia spp. (including Dryandra Native eucalypt woodlands and forest, and proteaceous woodland Jarrah and marri woodlands and forest, and edges of karri forests, spp.), Hakea spp. and Grevillea spp., as well as native eucalypt 7 (High quality) and heath, particularly marri, including along roadsides. Does not including wandoo and blackbutt, within the range of the subspecies, woodland and forest that contains foraging species, including along include orchards or areas under a RFA. including along roadsides. Does not include areas under a RFA. roadsides. Does not include orchards, canola, or areas under a RFA. Introduced eucalypts as well as the introduced Cape lilac ( 5 (Quality) Pine plantation or introduced eucalypts. Pine plantation or introduced eucalypts. Melia azedarach). 1 (Low quality) Individual foraging plants or small stand of foraging plants. Individual foraging plants or small stand of foraging plants Individual foraging plants or small stand of foraging plants Context adjustor - attributes improving functionality of foraging Context adjustor - attributes improving functionality of foraging Context adjustor - attributes improving functionality of foraging Additions habitat habitat habitat Jarrah and/or Marri show good recruitment (i.e. evidence of young +3 Is within the known foraging area Is within the Swan Coastal Plain (important foraging area). trees). +3 Contains trees with suitable nest hollows. Contains trees with suitable nest hollows. Contains trees with suitable nest hollows.

+2 Primarily contains marri. Primarily comprises marri. Primarily contains marri and/or jarrah. Contains trees with potential to be used for breeding (DBH ≥ 500 Contains trees with potential to be used for breeding (DBH ≥ 500 Contains trees with potential to be used for breeding (DBH ≥ 500 +2 mm or ≥ 300 mm DBH for salmon gum and wandoo). mm or ≥ 300 mm DBH for salmon gum and wandoo). mm or ≥ 300 mm DBH for salmon gum and wandoo). +1 Is known to be a roosting site. Is known to be a roosting site. Is known to be a roosting site. Context adjustor - attributes reducing functionality of foraging Context adjustor - attributes reducing functionality of foraging Context adjustor - attributes reducing functionality of foraging Subtractions habitat habitat habitat -2 No clear evidence of feeding debris. No clear evidence of feeding debris. No clear evidence of feeding debris.

-2 No other foraging habitat within 6 km. No other foraging habitat within 6 km. No other foraging habitat within 6 km.

-1 Is > 12 km from a known breeding location. Is > 12 km from a known breeding location. Is > 12 km from a known breeding location.

-1 Is > 12 km from a known roosting site. Is > 12 km from a known roosting site. Is > 12 km from a known roosting site.

-1 Is > 2 km from a watering point. Is > 2 km from a watering point. Is > 2 km from a watering point.

-1 Disease present (e.g. Phytophthora cinnamomi or marri canker). Disease present (e.g. Phytophthora cinnamomi or marri canker). Disease present (e.g. Phytophthora cinnamomi or marri canker).

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2.4 Assessment of Species Conservation Significance

Current listings for conservation significant fauna for this report were checked against the EPBC Act list of threatened species (available online at http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/publicthreatenedlist.pl). Any planned disturbance to federally listed species and their habitat could require a referral. The table below (Table 2.4) details the applicable legislation and provides a comparative context.

Table 2.4 Conservation significance assessment guidelines

Agreement, Act or List Status Codes Federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity • Extinct (Ex) Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) • Extinct in the Wild (EW) • Critically Endangered (Cr) The Department of the Environment and Energy • Endangered (En) (DoEE) lists threatened fauna, which are determined by the Threatened Species Scientific • Vulnerable (Vu) Committee (TSSC) per criteria set out in the Act. • Conservation Dependent (CD) The Act lists fauna that are considered to be of • Migratory (Mi) conservation significance under one of eight • Marine (Ma) categories (listed under ‘Status Codes’). State Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (BC Act) • Extinct (Ex) • Extinct in the Wild (EW) At a state level, native fauna is protected under the • Critically Endangered (Cr) . Species in Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 • Endangered (En) need of conservation are given a ranking ranging from Critically Endangered to Vulnerable. • Vulnerable (Vu) DBCA Priority List • Priority 1 (Poorly known species) (P1) • Priority 2 (Poorly known species) (P2) DBCA produces a list of Priority species that have • Priority 3 (Poorly known species) (P3) not been assigned statutory protection under the • Priority 4 (Rare, Near Threatened, and other Wildlife Conservation Act 1950. This system gives species in need of monitoring) (P4) a ranking from Priority 1 to Priority 4.

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2.5 Assessment on Occurrence

Conservation significant fauna species recorded from the databases and previous reports were assessed for their likelihood to occur within the Study Area using the decision matrix below (Table 2.5).

Table 2.5: Species likelihood of occurrence decision matrix

Habitat Categories Foraging Dispersal Range Core habitat Potential No known habitat habitat categories: known to dispersal habitat known to known to occur habitat occurs occur occur Species recorded Highly Likely Likely Likely Possible Possible <5 km Species recorded Likely Likely Possible Possible Rarely 5-10 km Species recorded Likely Possible Possible Rarely Unlikely 10-40 km Species recorded Possible Possible Rarely Rarely Unlikely >40 km Species rarely Highly recorded in Possible Rarely Unlikely Unlikely Unlikely region

This decision matrix is only intended to be an indicative guide, and was applied with the following considerations:

• The range categories are subject to interpretation based on the known range of each species and its natural dispersal capabilities (for example, >50 km range may be a significant distance for a fossorial skink, but not a migratory bird); • Both the range categories and the habitat categories can vary markedly for different types of fauna such as birds, reptiles, mammals, and amphibians, and fauna with different ecological niches within each of these groups; • The degree of habitat specificity for each species is a major determining factor for each of the habitat categories, and this in turn is dependent on the current state of ecological knowledge of the species. • The amount and location of previous sampling is a major factor influencing the applicability of the range categories, as well as the amount of effort that has been expended in (and the accessibility of) the area in question for sampling; • The current state of taxonomy is another major factor for species that are poorly known taxonomically and thus difficult to identify accurately, as well as for any recent changes of classification and/or conservation category. Such taxonomic changes can affect the reliability of previous records within fauna databases, the conservation status of the newly defined species/ populations, and the assumptions regarding species ranges and habitat preferences; and

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• The language used in each of the habitat and range categories may be useful for some taxa and not for others (for example, ‘rarely’ occurrences may be useful for describing birds or fauna which can traverse large distances, but in the case of fauna with more limited dispersal capabilities such as reptiles, there is no basis for ‘rarely’ occurrences. Such likelihoods may be more likely to represent range extensions.

2.6 Potential Limitations and Constraints

The entirety of the Study Area was accessible by foot; thus, the sampling techniques used during this survey were unconstrained by accessibility or remoteness (Table 2.6). The survey timing also fell within the recommended timing for two of the Black Cockatoo species (March to September for Baudin’s Cockatoo, and year-round for Forest Red-tailed Cockatoo). Survey timing fell outside the recommended timing for Carnaby’s Cockatoo (recommended between January to July for the detection of foraging habitat), although night roosts may occur after July if breeding occurs in local areas.

Table 2.6 Survey limitations and constraints

Potential limitation Applicability to this survey or constraint The field personnel involved in the survey, Senior Zoologists Claire Brooks Experience of and Senior Ecologist Sam Coultas both have extensive experience with personnel. ecological surveys. The scope was a Level 1 and targeted Black Cockatoo survey and was conducted within that framework. Limited targeted searching was undertaken Scope (faunal groups by the field personal; this reduced the ability to detect all species present, sampled and whether particularly species of conservation significance. Additionally, the survey was any constraints affect undertaken over one day reducing the ability to detect some fauna. However this) the survey was completed in line with the scope of a Level 1 survey (EPA, 2016a, 2016b). Proportion of fauna All observed fauna were identified at the point of observation. identified A significant amount of Black Cockatoo survey work has been undertaken in Sources of information the wider local area and the surrounding region, including annual Black (recent or historic) and Cockatoo monitoring for the past decade, and these survey results were availability of available for review. The Birdlife, DBCA, and DOEE database searches contextual information provided additional sources of recent information. Proportion of the task A Level 1 and targeted Black Cockatoo survey of the Study Area was achieved completed and related to the results of surveys in the broader area. Disturbances (e.g. fire No temporary disturbance impinged on the results of the Survey. or flood) A Level 1 and targeted Black Cockatoo survey was undertaken across the Intensity of survey Study Area to assist with potential future environmental approvals. Completeness of The survey was adequately completed to meet the requirements of a Level 1 survey and Targeted Black Cockatoo survey. Resources (e.g. degree of expertise All resources required to complete the survey were available. available) The majority of the Study Area was accessible either by vehicle or on foot, Remoteness or thus the sampling techniques used during this survey were unconstrained by access issues accessibility or remoteness.

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3 Results

3.1 Database Review

Based on database searches, 53 species of conservation significance have been previously recorded within 12 km of the Study Area, comprising ten mammals, 38 birds (including migratory species) and five reptiles (Table 3.1). Invertebrate fauna were not considered as part of this vertebrate fauna survey and were excluded from consideration. DBCA’s Threatened and Priority Fauna database (DBCA, 2019b) and BirdLife Australia’s Birdata Custom Bird List (Birdlife Australia, 2019) returned no records within the Study Area. DBCA’s Threatened and Priority Fauna database returned numerous Baudin’s Black-Cockatoo records (39), Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo records (426) and Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (10) in the near vicinity (5 km radius) of the Study Area (Figure 3.1).

Table 3.1 Conservation species previously recorded within 12 km of the Study Area based on database searches. Invertebrate and marine species are not shown.

Conservation Status Database Birdlife Species DBCA DBCA DoEE EPBC BC DBCA Australia (2019b) (2019b) (2019a)) (2019) Mammals Ngwayir, Pseudocheirus Western Ringtail CR CR M Possum occidentalis Bettongia Woylie EN CR ● K penicillata ogilbyi Chuditch, VU VU Western Quoll Dasyurus geoffroii ● ● K Setonix Quokka VU VU ● K brachyurus Walpurti, Myrmecobius EN EN ● ● Numbat fasciatus Wambenger, South-Western Phascogale CD Brush-Tailed tapoatafa ● ● Phascogale, wambenger Western False Falsistrellus P4 ● Pipistrelle mackenziei Hydromys Water-rat P4 ● ● chrysogaster Quenda, Isoodon Southern Brown P4 ● ● Bandicoot fusciventer Western Brush Notamacropus P4 ● ● Wallaby irma Birds Numenius Eastern Curlew CR/ MI CR/ MI M madagascariensis Curlew CR/ MI MI Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea ● K Australian Rostratula EN EN L Painted Snipe australis Australian Botaurus EN EN ● K Bittern poiciloptilus Baudin's Calyptorhynchus EN EN ● ● ● K Cockatoo baudinii Carnaby's Calyptorhynchus EN EN ● ● ● K Cockatoo latirostris Grey-Headed Thalassarche EN/ MI VU/ MI ● Albatross chrysostoma Forest Red- Calyptorhynchus Tailed Black VU VU ● ● ● K Cockatoo banksii naso

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Conservation Status Database Birdlife Species DBCA DBCA DoEE EPBC BC DBCA Australia (2019b) (2019b) (2019a)) (2019) Greater Sand Charadrius VU/ MI VU/ MI ● Plover leschenaultii Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata VU VU L Australian Fairy Sternula nereis VU VU K Tern nereis Common MI MI Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos ● K Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus MI MI ● L Ruddy MI MI Turnstone Arenaria interpres ● Sharp-tailed MI MI Sandpiper Calidris acuminata ● ● K Little Ringed MI MI Plover Charadrius dubius K Pectoral MI MI Sandpiper Calidris melanotos ● K Red-Necked MI MI Stint Calidris ruficollis ● K Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta MI MI ● K

Swinhoe's Snipe Gallinago megala MI MI L

Pin-tailed Snipe Gallinago stenura MI MI L Gelochelidon Gull-billed Tern MI MI ● nilotica Hydroprogne Caspian Tern MI MI ● caspia Black-tailed MI MI Godwit Limosa limosa ● K Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea MI MI M

Little Curlew Numenius minutus MI MI L Plegadis Glossy Ibis MI MI ● falcinellus Philomachus Ruff MI MI K pugnax Long-Tailed Stercorarius Jaeger, Long- MI MI ● Tailed Skua longicaudus Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola MI MI ● K Marsh MI MI Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis ● K Eastern Osprey Pandion cristatus MI MI ● K Pacific Golden MI MI Plover Pluvialis fulva ● Pluvialis Grey Plover MI MI ● squatarola Common MI MI Greenshank Tringa nebularia ● K Peregrine OS Falcon Falco peregrinus ● ● Australian Little P4 Bittern Ixobrychus dubius ● Blue-Billed Duck Oxyura australis P4 ● ● Reptiles Southern Death Acanthophis P3 ● ● Adder antarcticus Coastal Plains P3 Skink Ctenotus ora ● Perth Slider, P3 Lined Skink Lerista lineata ● Black-Striped P3 Snake Neelaps calonotos ●

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Conservation Status Database Birdlife Species DBCA DBCA DoEE EPBC BC DBCA Australia (2019b) (2019b) (2019a)) (2019)

Dell's skink, Darling Range P4 southwest Ctenotus delli ● Ctenotus

Note: K= Species or species habitat known to occur within area, L = Species or species habitat likely to occur within area, M = Species or species habitat may occur within area

Page | 19 383852 391852 399852 407852 415852 423852

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0# 0#0# 0# 0# 0# ^` 0# ^`^`^` 0# 0# 0# ^`^` ^` 0# ^` ^`^` ^` ^`` 6445611 ^`^` ^ 0#^` ^`0#^`^`^`^`^`^`^`^`^`^`^`^` ^`^`^`^`^`^`^`^`^`^`^` 0# ^` ^`^^`^`^`^`^` ^` ^`0# ^` ^`^` ^` 0# 0# ^`^`^`^` 0# 0# ^` ^` ^`^`^`^` ^` ^` ^` ^`^` ^` 0#^` 0# 0# 0# 6439611

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0# 6427611 Legend City of Armadale Study Area Fauna Records Black-Cockatoo and Level 1 survey Roost Sites ^` Baudin's cockatoo Fig. 3.1: Previous records of Black-Cockatoos in the vicinity, including roost locations 0# ForestGreater red-tailed Paraburdoo cockatoo roost ^` Carnaby's cockatoo 1:115,000 Study Area 0# Joint roost site Forest red-tailed black cockatoo Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 ^` 0 1.75 3.5 7 Projection: Transverse Mercator White-tailed cockatoo confirmed roost ¯ km Datum: GDA 1994 0# Size A3. Created 17/09/2019 401263 402663 404063 405463 406863 408263 409663 411063

0# 0# 0# 0# 0# 0#0# 00# 6445941 0# 0# 0#0# 0# 0# 0# 0# 0# 0#

0# 0# 6444741 0# 0#0# 0# 0# 0#0# 0# 0# 0#0# 6443541 0# 0# 0# 0#0# 0#0#0#0# 6442341

0# 6441141 Legend City of Armadale Study Area 0# Numbat 0# South-western brush-tailed phascogale Black-Cockatoo and Level 1 survey Fauna Records 0# Peregrine falcon 0# Southern death adder Fig. 3.2: Other conservation significant fauna database results 0# Blue-billedGreater Paraburdoo duck 0# Quenda 0# Water rat 1:25,000 Study Area 0# Chuditch Sharp-tailed sandpiper Western brush wallaby Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 0# 0# 0 0.4 0.8 1.6 Projection: Transverse Mercator Grey-headed albatross ¯ km Datum: GDA 1994 0# Size A3. Created 17/09/2019 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

3.2 Fauna Habitats

The Study Area comprises three broad fauna habitat types and one completely degraded habitat type. The habitats types include:

• Parkland (Plate 1): Large expanses of cleared, open grassed area, with scattered individual mature Eucalyptus or Corybmia. No understory was observed.

• Cleared (Plate 1): Large expanses of cleared, open grassed area, with no mature trees or understory observed.

• Open Eucalypt Grassland (Plate 2): Open mosaic of scattered Eucalyptus, Banksia and Corymbia, with little to no understory observed.

• Eucalypt Woodland (Plate 3): Mixed woodland of Eucalyptus and Corymbia, with a moderately dense understory including Xanthorrhoea, Yellow Wattle, and Woody Pear.

• Developed: Human habitation and infrastructure, including housing, carpark, roads, and verge.

Plate 1: Cleared Habitat Type within the Study Area, with Parkland Habitat on the periphery

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Plate 2: Open Eucalyptus Grassland Habitat within the Study Area

Plate 3: Eucalyptus Woodland Habitat within the Study Area

3.3 Fauna Recorded

During the field survey, opportunistic encounters with vertebrate fauna species were recorded. A total of 19 species were recorded opportunistically during the field survey, comprising 17 native avian bird species, one non-native avian bird species and one non-native mammalian species (

Table 3.2). One species recorded during the field survey was of conservation significance. The Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso) was recorded via secondary (chewed Marri nuts) within the Study Area.

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Table 3.2 Other non-targeted vertebrate species recorded during the current survey. *denotes introduced species.

Scientific Name Common Name Mammals Oryctolagus cuniculus* Rabbit Birds Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird Cacatua roseicapilla Galah Cacatua sanguinea Little Corella Calyptorhynchus banksii naso Forest Red-Tailed Black Cockatoo Chenonetta jubata Australian Wood Duck Chrysococcyx basalis Horsfield’s Bronze Cuckoo Corvus coronoides Australian Raven Cracticus tibicen Australian Magpie Lichmera indistincta Brown Honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae New Holland Honeyeater Platycercus spurius Red-capped Parrot Platycercus zonarius Australian Ringneck Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill Threskiornis molucca Australian White Ibis Trichoglossus moluccanus* Rainbow Lorikeet Zosterops lateralis Silvereye

3.4 Fauna of Conservation Significance

A total of 53 species of conservation significance have the potential to occur within the Study Area, based on the results of the desktop assessment (Section 3.1, Table 3.1), comprising ten mammals, 38 birds (including migratory species) and five reptiles. Excluding the Forest Red- tailed Black Cockatoo recorded during the current survey, none of these species have previously been recorded within the Study Area. The current survey recorded feeding activity characteristic of Forest Red-Tailed Black Cockatoos, associated with Marri trees throughout the Study Area, with a number of Marri nuts showing seed extraction (Section 3.4.1). Aside from this species record, based on distribution, previous records and the habitats present within the Study Area, one species of conservation significance was deemed highly likely to occur, two were deemed likely to occur, seven were deemed possible to occur, one may rarely occur, 19 are unlikely to occur and 21 are highly unlikely to occur (Table 3.3). These species, and the justification for their likelihood of occurrence, are detailed below (Table 3.3).

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Table 3.3 Conservation significant species likelihood assessment

Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

MAMMALS Southern Brown

Bandicoot, Quenda Jarrah Forest and swamp habitats, preferring ~1.1km (NE) – Yes

P4 dense vegetation around wetland fringes and Yes 1965 (DBCA, Eucalypt No Likely Isoodon obesulus heathland (Cooper, 1998; Woinarski et al., 2014). 2019b) Woodland fusciventer Western False Yes Pipistrelle Jarrah, Marri, Tuart and Karri forests with high ~5.17km (SE) – P4 rainfall. Has also found in Banksia woodlands on Yes 2013 (DBCA, Eucalypt No Possible Falsistrellus mackenziei the Swan Coastal Plain (Armstrong, 2017). 2019a) Woodland The species inhabits a wide-range of habitats Western Brush Wallaby including low Banksia woodlands, Jarrah/Marri ~2km (S) – No P4 woodlands and moist Melaleuca lowlands, favours Yes date (DBCA, No No Rarely Notamacropus irma open, grassy areas (Wann & Bell, 1997; Woinarski 2019b) et al., 2014). Western Ringtail Coastal forest or eucalypt Possum, Ngwayir Agonis flexuosa ~22.3 (S) – woodland or forest with a Midstorey of CR CR Agonis Yes 1991 (DBCA, No No Unlikely (Burbidge & de Tores, 1998; Jones et al., Pseudocheirus flexuosa 2019a) occidentalis 1994). Western Quoll, In the Jarrah forest, Chuditch occur in moist, ~2.1km (S) – Chuditch densely vegetated, steeply sloping forest and drier, VU VU Yes 1994 (DBCA, No No Unlikely open, gently sloping forest particularly in Riparian 2019a) Dasyurus geoffroii vegetation (Orell & Morris, 1994).

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Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

Unlikely Permanent bodies of fresh or brackish water, Water Rat, Rakali ~2.2km (NE) – subalpine streams to lakes and farm dams and on (Dam lacks P4 Yes 2015 (DBCA, No Unlikely sheltered coastal beaches, mangroves and required habitat Hydromys chrysogaster 2019b) offshore islands (Van Dyck & Strahan, 2008). features) (Smart et al., 2011) Brush-tailed Bettong, Woodlands and adjacent heaths with a dense Woylie understorey of shrubs particularly sp. ~33.2 (N) – Gastrolobium Highly EN CR (Woinarski , 2014). Species confined to two Yes 2018 (DBCA, No No et al. Unlikely Bettongia penicillata indigenous colonies in south-west and a small 2019a) ogilbyi number of reintroduced areas (Start et al., 1995). Eucalypts forests and woodland, notably wandoo Numbat, Walpurti ~2km (S) – No and jarrah woodland (Van Dyck & Strahan, 2008). Highly EN EN No date (DBCA, No No Known from few localised populations (Friend & Unlikely Myrmecobius fasciatus 2019b) Page, 2015). Wambenger Brush- tailed Phascogale Dry sclerophyll forests and open woodlands that ~1.95km (S) – Highly CD contain hollow-bearing trees but a sparse ground No No date (DBCA, No No Unlikely Phascogale tapoatafa cover (Woinarski et al., 2014). 2019b) wambenger BIRDS

Yes Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo Eucalypts forests. Attracted to seeding Marri, ~1.65km (NE) – Eucalypt Calyptorhynchus VU VU Jarrah, Blackbutt, Karri and Sheoak (Johnstone & Yes 2004 (DBCA, Woodland, Yes Recorded banksii naso Storr, 1998). 2019b) Open Eucalypt Grassland

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Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

Yes Carnaby's Cockatoo Proteaceous scrubs and heaths and adjacent ~0.3km (N) – Eucalypt Calyptorhynchus EN EN eucalypt woodlands and forests (Johnstone & Yes 2013 (DBCA, Woodland, No Highly Likely latirostris Storr, 1998). 2019b) Open Eucalypt Grassland Yes Baudin's Cockatoo Species forages primarily in Eucalypt forest, 2 records feeding on Marri nuts, flowers, nectar and seeds ~1.4km (E) – Eucalypt EN EN Yes No Likely Calyptorhynchus (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). Nesting trees are Karri, 2012 (DBCA, Woodland, baudinii Marri, and Wandoo (Johnstone & Kirkby, 2008b). 2019b) Open Eucalypt Grassland

Inhabits dry/open habitats, inclusive of riparian woodlands and tea-tree swamps, low scrub, Yes Fork-tailed Swift heathland or saltmarsh, as well as treeless ~6.9km (SW) – MI MI grassland and sandplains covered with spinifex, Yes 2000 (DBCA, All habitats No Possible Apus pacificus open farmland and inland and coastal sand-dunes. 2019a) (airspace above Aerial species, which forages high above the tree only) canopy and rarely lower. (Johnstone & Storr, 1998).

Glossy Ibis Freshwater wetlands, irrigated areas, margins of ~5.3km (W) – dams, floodplains, brackish and saline wetlands, Yes MI MI Yes 2003 No Possible Plegadis falcinellus tidal mudflats, pastures, lawns and public gardens Parkland (Dam) (Johnstone et al., 2013). (DBCA, 2019a)

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Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

In arid areas, it is most often encountered along cliffs above rivers, ranges and wooded watercourses where it hunts birds (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). It typically nests on rocky ledges occurring on tall, vertical cliff faces between 25 m Peregrine Falcon and 50 m high (Olsen , 2004; Olsen & Olsen, ~1km (N) – Yes et al. OS 1989). Yes 2005 (DBCA, No Possible Falco peregrinus 2019b) All habitats The species occurs along coastal cliffs, rivers and ranges as well as wooded watercourses and lakes nesting on cliffs, granite outcrops, quarries and in the wheatbelt, old Raven and Whistling Kite nests (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). Blue-billed Duck Mainly deep freshwater swamps and lakes; ~0.25km (E) – Yes P4 occasionally salt lakes and estuaries freshened by Yes 2004 (DBCA, No Possible Oxyura australis flood waters (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). 2019b) Parkland (Dam)

Australian Painted Generally, occupies shallow terrestrial freshwater Snipe wetlands (i.e. temporary and permanent lakes, ~15.9km (W) – EN EN swamps and claypans) with rank emergent Yes 2010 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Rostratula australis tussocks of grass, sedges, rushes or reeds, or 2019a) samphire (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). Greater Sand Plover Inhabits coastal and estuarine habitats with 2 records VU/ VU/ sheltered or muddy beaches. Intertidal sandbanks ~6.7km (NW) – No No No Unlikely Charadrius MI MI and mudflats, lagoons and rocky platforms (DoEE, 1999 (DBCA, leschenaultii 2019b). 2019a) Australian Fairy Tern Coastlines, estuaries, and wetlands, nesting on ~17.4km (W) – VU VU sheltered sandy beaches and banks (DoEE, No 2005 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Sternula nereis nereis 2019b). 2019a)

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Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

Estuaries and deltas of streams, as well as banks Common Sandpiper ~2km (N) – farther upstream; around lakes, pools, billabongs, MI MI Yes 2013 (DBCA, No No Unlikely reservoirs, dams and claypans (Johnstone & Storr, Actitis hypoleucos 2019a) 1998). Favours flooded samphire flats and grasslands, mangrove creeks mudflats, beaches, river pools, Sharp-tailed Sandpiper saltwork ponds, sewage ponds and freshwater 3 records ~0.4km (SE) MI MI soaks (Johnstone et al., 2013). No No No Unlikely Calidris acuminata 1900 (DBCA, Coastal and inland areas saline and freshwater but 2019b) prefers non-tidal fresh or brackish wetlands (Geering et al., 2007). Coastal lagoons, estuaries, bays, swamps, lakes, inundated grasslands, saltmarshes, river pools, 3 records Pectoral Sandpiper creeks, floodplains and artificial wetlands ~6.8km (W) – MI MI (Johnstone & Storr, 2004; Johnstone et al., 2013). Yes 2001 No No Unlikely Calidris melanotos It prefers wetlands with open fringing mudflats and low, emergent or fringing vegetation (Geering et al., (DBCA, 2019a) 2007). Lives in permanent or ephemeral wetlands of varying salinity, and also regularly at sewage farms and saltworks. They are recorded less often at reservoirs, waterholes, soaks, bore-drain swamps Red-necked Stint ~6km (W) – and flooded inland lakes. In Western Australia they MI MI No 1998 (DBCA, No No Unlikely prefer freshwater to marine environments. The Calidris ruficollis 2019a) species usually forages in shallow water at the edge of wetlands and roost or loaf on tidal mudflats, near low saltmarsh, and around inland swamps (Johnstone & Storr, 1998).

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Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

They prefer shallow freshwater or brackish wetlands but are also fond of muddy shorelines, growths of short grasses, weeds, sedges, low or floating aquatic vegetation, reeds, rushes and occasionally stunted samphire. The Long-toed Stint Long-toed Stint also frequents permanent wetlands and forages on ~6.8km (W) – MI MI wet mud or in shallow water, often among short No 2014 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Calidris subminuta grass, weeds and other vegetation on islets or 2019a) around the edges of wetlands. They roost or loaf in sparse vegetation at the edges of wetlands and on damp mud near shallow water. It also roosts in small depressions in the mud (Johnstone & Storr, 1998).

Gull-billed Tern Shallow sheltered seas close to land, estuaries, 2 records tidal creeks; and inundated samphire flats, flooded ~6.8km (SW) – MI MI Yes No No Unlikely Gelochelidon nilotica salt lakes, claypans and watercourses in the interior 2008 (DBCA, (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). 2019a) Mainly sheltered seas, estuaries and tidal creeks; Caspian Tern occasionally near-coastal salt lakes (including ~10.5km (S) – MI MI saltwork ponds) and brackish pools in lower No 1994 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Hydroprogne caspia courses of rivers; rarely fresh water (Johnstone & 2019a) Storr, 1998). Utilises coastal habitats including estuaries, Black-tailed Godwit lagoons, sheltered bays, intertidal sand and mud ~6.1km (SW) – MI MI flats. Can inhabit near-coastal wetlands, with No 2009 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Limosa limosa minimal inland fresh and saltwater records (DoEE, 2019a) 2019b).

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Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

Species occurs as a non-breeding summer migrant which occurs throughout the region. Occurs mainly Wood Sandpiper in river pools, sewage ponds, flooded claypans, ~6.5km (SW) – MI MI freshwater lagoons and bore overflows (Johnstone No 2009 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Tringa glareola et al., 2013). 2019a) Freshwater wetlands and occasional brackish intertidal mudflats (Geering et al., 2007). Species occurs as a non-breeding summer Migrant Common Greenshank which occurs throughout the region. Occurs mainly ~5.2km (SW) – MI MI in Tidal mudflats, mangrove creeks, flooded Yes 2004 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Tringa nebularia samphire flats, beaches, river pools, and saltwork 2019a) and sewage ponds (Johnstone et al., 2013). Australasian Little The species favours freshwater wetlands and lakes ~6.4km (SW) – Bittern with dense vegetation including rushes, reeds P4 Yes 2009 (DBCA, No No Unlikely ( ) and shrubs with a minimum of 30cm of Typha 2019a) Ixobrychus dubius water (DPaW, 2014). Eastern Curlew Mainly tidal mudflats, also reef flats, sandy beaches ~22km (NW) – CR/ CR/ Highly and rarely near-coastal lakes including saltwork No 2002 (DBCA, No No Numenius MI MI Unlikely madagascariensis ponds (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). 2019a) Inhabits intertidal mudflats in sheltered coastal areas (i.e. estuaries, bays, inlets and lagoons) Curlew Sandpiper (Geering , 2007). This rare species generally ~6.7km (NW) - CR/ et al. Highly MI roosts on bare dry shingle, shell or sand beaches, No 2008 (DBCA, No No MI Unlikely Calidris ferruginea sandspits and islets in or around coastal or near- 2019a) coastal lagoons and other wetlands (Geering et al., 2007).

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Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

Australasian Bittern ~6.9 (SW) – Beds of tall dense and sedges in Highly EN EN Typha baumea Yes 2010 (DBCA, No No freshwater swamps (Johnstone & Storr, 1998). Unlikely Botaurus poiciloptilus 2019a) Grey-Headed Albatross Pelagic, migratory species. Inhabits the Pacific, ~0.3km (E) – EN/ VU/ Indian, Atlantic and Southern Oceans. During Highly No 1963 (DBCA, No No Thalassarche MI MI breeding season, nests are found on steep slopes Unlikely 2019b) chrysostoma and tussock-covered cliffs (DoEE, 2019b). 2 records Malleefowl Inhabits semi-arid shrublands and low woodlands ~12.3km (S) – Highly VU VU dominated by mallee eucalypts and/or s with No No No Acacia 2004 (DBCA, Unlikely Leipoa ocellata sandy loam soils (Benshemesh, 2007). 2019a) Coastal regions, coral reefs, shallow tidal pools and Ruddy Turnstone beaches. Can occasionally be found in lagoons, 2 records ~6.9 Highly MI MI mudflats, estuaries or saltmarshes. No (SW) – 2001 No No Arenaria interpres Unlikely Is known to forage within tidal zones, rocky (DBCA, 2019a) platforms and coral reefs (DoEE, 2019b). Little Ringed Plover Favours low-lying habitats, with sparsely vegetated ~16km (W) – Highly MI MI pebbly shores of freshwater lakes, pools or slow- No 1999 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Charadrius dubius moving rivers (DoEE, 2019b). 2019a) Swinhoe’s Snipe Wetlands, swamps and freshwater rivers. Favours ~1337km (N) - Highly MI MI dense grass areas and rushes surrounding water No 1977 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Gallinago megala areas (DoEE, 2019b). 2019a) Pin-tailed Snipe Shallow freshwater lakes, swamps and ponds. ~19.3km (W) – Highly MI MI Favours grass and sedge vegetation. Can be found No 2011 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Gallinago stenura in drier open wetlands (DoEE, 2019b). 2019a)

Page | 32 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

Grey Wagtail A rare vagrant to Western Australia where it has ~303km (S) – Highly MI MI been recorded within various habitats with open Yes 2013 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Motacilla cinerea waterbodies (Johnstone & Storr, 2004). 2019a) Favours short grass and dry sedge-lands. Can be Little Curlew found in dry floodplains with scattered freshwater ~49.9km (SW) – Highly MI MI pools and seasonal flooding. Open woodlands, No 2014 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Numenius minutus coastal swamps, mud and sandflats (DoEE, 2019a) 2019b). Wetlands with fresh or brackish water including Ruff ~15km (W) – lakes, swamps, pools, floodlands and mudflats. Highly MI MI No 2016 (DBCA, No No Can be found in estuaries and coastal areas. Prefer Unlikely Philomachus pugnax 2019a) shorter vegetation (DoEE, 2019b). Long-Tailed Jaeger ~7km (SW) – Pelagic, marine species only landing during Highly MI MI No 1992 (DBCA, No No Stercorarius breeding season (DoEE, 2019b). Unlikely longicaudus 2019a) Lives in permanent or ephemeral wetlands of varying salinity, and also regularly at sewage farms and saltworks. They are recorded less often at reservoirs, waterholes, soaks, bore-drain swamps Marsh Sandpiper ~6.2km (SW) – and flooded inland lakes. In Western Australia they Highly MI MI No 2004 (DBCA, No No prefer freshwater to marine environments. The Unlikely Tringa stagnatilis 2019a) species usually forages in shallow water at the edge of wetlands and roost or loaf on tidal mudflats, near low saltmarsh, and around inland swamps (Johnstone & Storr, 1998).

Page | 33 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

Inhabits coastal areas and wetlands. Require large Eastern Osprey ~6.2km (SW) – bodies of fresh, brackish or saline water including Highly MI MI Yes 2009 (DBCA, No No reefs, bays. Beaches, mangroves, estuaries, rivers Unlikely Pandion cristatus 2019a) and lakes (DoEE, 2019b). Coastal habitats and infrequently inland wetlands. Pacific Golden Plover ~6.2km (SW) – Favours beaches, estuaries, lagoons mud and Highly MI MI No 2013 (DBCA, No No sand flats. Can be found in wetlands with fresh, Unlikely Pluvialis fulva 2019a) brackish or saline water (DoEE, 2019b). Grey Plover Inhabit coastal areas including estuaries, lagoons, ~6.2km (SW) – Highly MI MI mudflats and salt flats. Can occur in inland No 2007 (DBCA, No No Unlikely Pluvialis squatarola wetlands, lakes and salt-lakes (DoEE, 2019b). 2019a) REPTILES

The species is found in in coastal dune areas with Perth Slider, Lined deep sand including sandy heath, low scrubland, 11 records Yes Skink tuart open woodland and banksia woodland. ~3.6km (E) – P3 Yes No Possible Species appears to depend on substrate, preferring 1994 (DBCA, Eucalypt Lerista lineata white to grey sandy soils and occasionally 2019a) Woodland limestone outcrop (Gaikhorst, 2017a).

Black-Striped Snake ~6.4km (SW) – Yes The species inhabits sandy areas, Banksia and P3 Yes 2018 (DBCA, Eucalypt No Possible Neelaps calonotos Eucalypt woodlands (ALA, 2019). 2019a) Woodland

Southern Death Adder The species is typically found in woodlands, grasslands, chenopod dominated shrublands, ~1.1km (N) – Acanthophis P3 coastal heaths, wet and dry eucalypt forests. Yes 1953 (DBCA, No No Unlikely antarcticus Prefers habitats with deep leaf litter (Government of 2019b) Queensland, 2017)

Page | 34 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Conservation Status Within Recorded Distance to Potential Likelihood

Species Current Within Preferred Broad Habitats Nearest Record Habitat Within of

Act Known Study - Year Study Area Occurrence Act Distribution Area EPBC EPBC DBCA BC

Found on the Swan coastal plain inhabiting sandy Coastal Plains Skink ~5km (N) – (no coastal plains and coastal heaths with open P3 Yes date) (DBCA, No No Unlikely Eucalypt and Banksia woodland (Gaikhorst, Ctenotus ora 2019a) 2017b). Dell's Skink, Darling

Range Southwest ~7.7km (S) – Dry sclerophyll forest on stony hills and ranges Highly Ctenotus P4 No 1969 (DBCA, No No (Cogger, 2014), but otherwise undocumented. Unlikely 2019a) Ctenotus delli

Page | 35 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

3.4.1 Black-Cockatoos

Foraging Habitat

The vegetation communities have been adapted and assessed in regards to potential Black- Cockatoo foraging habitat as described within the Black-Cockatoo draft referral guidelines (DoEE, 2017). The descriptions and base habitat scores for the Black Cockatoo foraging habitats was based on Table 2.3 (refer to Section 2.3.3).

Area calculations of potential foraging habitat by habitat quality for Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo, Baudin’s Black-Cockatoo and Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo are shown below in Table 3.4. DoEE (2017) defines ‘high quality’ foraging habitat as habitat scoring of 7 or above, which, particularly in proximity to roosting and/or breeding sites, is considered important for the long- term survival and recovery of Black Cockatoos. A total of 21 ha (71.23 %) of the Study Area was deemed suitable foraging habitat for the Black-Cockatoos, of which 4.35 ha (14.76 %) was deemed of Very High Quality and 16.65 ha (56.48 %) was deemed of High Quality (Table 3.4, Figure 3.3). These habitat types included Eucalyptus Woodland, Open Eucalyptus Grassland, and Parkland. The condition of existing vegetation and habitat was recorded as Good; however, disturbance in the form of Road/ Access tracks, Weeds, Rubbish / Litter, and Frequent Fire were noted within these habitat types.

Overall, 8.48 ha (28.77 %) was not suitable as foraging habitat for Black Cockatoo, consisting of the Developed, Cleared, and Dam habitats. These habitats lacked mature trees of suitable foraging value for Black Cockatoos, in particular Banksia sp. The Developed habitat comprised buildings and infrastructure, as well as road surface and verge. As per the other recorded habitat types, disturbance in the form of Road/ Access tracks, Weeds, Rubbish / Litter and Frequent Fire were recorded.

Fourteen trees had evidence of feeding by Black Cockatoos present (Appendix A). Fourteen Pinus spp. trees with a DBH greater than 500 mm were documented within the Study Area during the field survey. Pinus spp. have been noted as valuable food source for Black Cockatoos, particularly Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo (DEC; Peck et al., 2019; Saunders, 1980); however, none of those recorded exhibited evidence of feeding.

Although the Study Area is located within a highly urbanised local environment; it is in the vicinity of Forrestdale Lake (~5.5 km southwest) and some reserves within five kilometres (e.g. Bungendore Park, Champion Lakes, Bob Blackburn Reserve, Lloyd Hughes Park), and such it is highly likely that the surrounding region contains additional foraging habitat for Black Cockatoos.

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Table 3.4: Foraging habitat summary for the two Black Cockatoo species most likely to be present in the Study Area Habitat Quality Habitat Type/Feature Area of habitat (ha) % of Study Area (Overall Score)

Habitat type

Eucalypt Woodland Very High Quality (12) 4.35 14.76

Open Eucalyptus High Quality (8) 8.96 30.39 Grassland

Parkland High Quality (6) 7.69 26.09

Cleared Nil (0) 5.13 17.40

Developed Nil (0) 3.28 11.13

Habitat feature

Dam Nil (0) 0.07 0.24

Grand Total 29.48 100

Note: Table values have been coloured according to quality of habitat

Page | 37 404444 404744 405044 405344 405644 405944 6445187 .! .!

.!.! .! .! .! .! .!.! .! .! .! .! .! .! .!.! .! .! .! .!.!.! .! .!.!.! .! .! .! .!.! .! .! .! .! .! .!.! .! .! .! .! .!.!.! .! .!

6444987 .! .! .! .! .! .! .!.! .! .!.! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .!.! .! .! .!.!.! .! .! .! .! .!.! .! .! .! ! .! . .! .!.!.! .!.! .! .! .! .!.! .! .!.!.!.! .! .! .!.! .! .! .! 6444787 .!.! .!.!.! .! .! .!.! .! .! .! .! .! .! .!.! .! .!.! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .!.! .! .! .! .! .! .!.! .! .! .! .! .!.! .!.! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .! .!.! .!.! .! .! .! .! .!.! .!.! .! !. .! .! .!.! .!.! .! .!.! .! .!.! .! Foraging Habitat .!.! .! .!.! .! .!! .! .! ! .! .! 6444587 . . Nil Quality .!.! .! .!.!.! .!.!.! Developed .! .!.!.!.! .!.!.! .! .! !..!.! .! .!.! . .! .! .!.!.! Dam .! Cleared .! High Quality Eucalypt Woodland Open Eucalypt Grassland Parkland 6444387 Legend City of Armadale Study Area .! Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Black-Cockatoo and Level 1 survey Tree Species .! Unknown (Dead) Fig. 3.3: Black-cockatoo foraging habitat .! Introduced Eucalyptus .! introduced Corymbia and potential breeding trees Greater Paraburdoo 1:4,000 .! JarrahStudy (Eucalyptus Area marginata) Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 0 0.05 0.1 0.2 Projection: Transverse Mercator ¯ km Datum: GDA 1994 Size A3. Created 17/09/2019 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Potential Roosting Habitat

Based on the vegetation mapping, potential roosting habitat was identified in the Study Area, and is shown in Figure 3.5. Four trees (one Eucalyptus marginata, two Corymbia calophylla and one Unknown (Dead) tree) were observed within the Study Area that potentially contain suitable nest hollows; although no breeding activity by Black Cockatoos (e.g. chew marks), was observed. All four records occurred within the Open Eucalyptus Grassland. The hollow recorded from a Corymbia calophylla in the northern corner of the Study Area was occupied by bees, while the hollow recorded from the Unknown (Dead) tree in the centre of the Study Area was occupied by a Red-capped Parrots. Competition for hollows with European Bees is listed as a known threat for Black Cockatoos, as is competition with other parrot species such as Rainbow Lorikeets (DoEE, 2017).

An artificial water source (Dam) was recorded within the Study Area. In addition, there are numerous waterbodies within 10 km of the Study Area including Champion Lakes (~2 km north of the Study Area) and Forrestdale Lake (~5.4 km south-west of the Study Area). Black cockatoos will favour roost sites situated within a few kilometres of water sources (DoEE, 2017), supporting the suitability of the Study Area as roosting habitat. Permanent water sources also support the continuation of foraging resources in the area (DoEE, 2017).

Plate 4: Large, Introduced Eucalyptus (DBH 67 mm) within Study Area

Page | 39 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Potential Breeding Tree Records

Breeding habitat is defined in the referral guidelines as species of trees known to support breeding within the range of the species which either have a suitable nest hollow or are of a suitable diameter at breast height (DBH) to develop a nest hollow. For most species of trees, suitable DBH is 500 mm. For Salmon Gum and Wandoo, suitable DBH is 300 mm (DoEE, 2017; DSEWPaC, 2012).

The Study Area contains suitable habitat and trees both as potential roosting and breeding trees for the three species of Black-Cockatoo. Details of tree species recorded with greater than 500 mm DBH within the Study Area are shown in Table 3.5 and Figure 3.4, and an example of a tree of suitable size is shown in Plate 4. A total of 255 potential breeding trees were recorded within the Study Area, with the most common species being Marri (Corymbia calophylla). Tuart is a common nesting tree for Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo (Johnstone & Johnstone, 2004). A number of very large mature trees were present (22) with a DBH greater than 1,300 mm recorded (Figure 3.4).

Table 3.5: Number of trees with 500 mm or greater DBH recorded in the Study Area Species Scientific Name Number of trees Marri Corymbia calophylla 191 Jarrah Eucalyptus marginata 24 Introduced Eucalyptus 35 Introduced Corymbia 1 Unknown (Dead) 4 Total 255

Modelled distributions show the Study Area lies within the breeding range for Carnaby’s Black- Cockatoo, within Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo distribution and within the known foraging areas for Baudin’s Black-Cockatoo (DoEE, 2017). Significant roost sites exist for Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo in the Greater Perth-Peel region (Peck et al., 2019). Seven confirmed White- tailed Black Cockatoo (Carnaby’s and/ or Baudin’s Black Cockatoo) roosts, nine Forest Red- tailed Black Cockatoo roosts and 18 joint roosts (sites where both White-tailed Black Cockatoo and Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo are confirmed to have roosted) have been recorded within 12 km of the Study Area. The nearest confirmed roosts to the Study area are; White- tailed Black Cockatoo ~ 910 m east of the Study Area, Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo roost ~ 895 m south of the Study Area, and the nearest joint roost ~ 1.5 km west. The database searches did not record any roost sites within the Study Area boundary. Although breeding site locations are confidential, BirdLife database suggests that it is highly likely Black Cockatoo breeding occurs within the area (e.g. Bungendore Park; Birdlife Australia, 2019).

Page | 40 402958 403758 404558 405358 406158 406958 6445556

.! .! 0# 0# .!.!! .! . .! .!.!.! .! .!.! .! .!.!.!.! .!.!.!.!.! .!.!.! .!.!.! .!.!.! .! .!.! .!.!!.! .!.! .! .! .! .!.!.!.!.!. .!.!.! .! .!.! .! .! .! .!.! .!.!.! .! .! .!.!.! .!.!.!.!.!.! .! .!.!.! .! ! .!.! .! .!.!.!.! .!. 6444856 .!.! .! .!! .!.! .!.!.!.!.!.! .! .!.!.!.!. .! .!.!.! .!.!.!.! .!.!.! .!.! ! .! .! .! .!.! .! .!.!.!.!. .!.!.!.! .!! .!.!.!.!.! !.! .! ..! .! .! .!.! .!.! .!.!.! .!.!.!.! .!! .!.!.!.!.! .!.! .!..! .! .!.!!.!.! .!.!.!.!.!.!.!.!.! ..!.!.!.!.!.! .!.!.!.! .!.!.!.!.! .!.!.!.!.!.! .!.! .!.!.!.!.! 6444156

0# 6443456 Legend City of Armadale Study Area Species Roost Sites Black-Cockatoo and Level 1 survey Habitat .! Introduced Eucalyptus 0# Forest Red-tailed Cockatoo roost Fig. 3.4: Potential roosting and breeding Eucalypt Woodland .! Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Greater Paraburdoo Joint roost site habitat in the Study Area Open Eucalypt Grassland .! Marri (Corymbia calophylla) 0# 1:11,000 Study Area Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 .! Unknown (Dead) 0# White-tailed Cockatoo confirmed roost 0 0.175 0.35 0.7 Projection: Transverse Mercator .! introduced Corymbia ¯ km Datum: GDA 1994 Size A3. Created 17/09/2019 402958 403758 404558 405358 406158 406958 6445556

0# .! 0# 6444856 .! .!.! 6444156

0# 6443456 Legend City of Armadale Study Area Species Roost Sites Black-Cockatoo and Level 1 survey Habitat .! Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) 0# Forest Red-tailed Cockatoo roost Fig. 3.5: Potential roosting and breeding EucalyptGreater WoodlandParaburdoo .! Marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees with hollows in the Study Area 0# Joint roost site 1:11,000 OpenStudy Eucalypt Area Grassland .! Unknown (Dead) Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 0# White-tailed Cockatoo confirmed roost 0 0.175 0.35 0.7 Projection: Transverse Mercator ¯ km Datum: GDA 1994 Size A3. Created 17/09/2019 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Black-Cockatoo Records

No sightings of Black Cockatoo individuals were made during the field survey. Evidence of feeding activity associated with Marri trees (14 records) was recorded throughout the Study Area, within Open Eucalyptus Grassland and Eucalyptus Woodland, with a number of Marri nuts showing seed extraction characteristic of Forest Red-Tailed Black Cockatoos (WAM, 2018) (Plate 5). These nuts provide a common food resource these species (DoEE, 2017).

Plate 5: Evidence of black cockatoo foraging on Marri nuts within the Study Area

Page | 43 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

4 Conclusion

Based on database searches within the area, 53 species of conservation significance (excluding marine and invertebrate species) have the potential to occur within the Study Area. Excluding the Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo recorded during the current survey, these species have not been recorded from database searches within the Study Area to date. The current survey recorded 17 native avian bird species, one non-native avian bird species and one non-native mammalian species in the Study Area (19 total). Management actions should include consideration of these species prior to any development of the Study Area, such as the avoidance of habitat fragmentation where possible, retention of quality habitat, and the encouragement of community submissions to any sightings of native fauna of conservation significance.

The Black Cockatoo assessment identified quality foraging habitat and potential breeding habitat for Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo, Baudin’s Cockatoo and Forest Red-tailed Black- Cockatoo within the Study Area. Although no observations of individuals were made, feeding evidence attributed to Forest Red-Tailed Black Cockatoo (Marri nut seed extraction) was recorded within the Study Area. This attribution is based on Marri nuts being a primary foraging resource for both species, their distribution within the Greater Perth region, previous records of Forest Red-Tailed Black Cockatoo and Carnaby’s Cockatoo within the vicinity of the Study Area, and the pattern of nut chewing matching the species profile.

Based on available habitat mapping habitat assessments conducted during the current survey, a total of 21 ha (71.24 %) of the Study Area was deemed suitable foraging habitat for the Black- Cockatoos of which 4.35 ha (14.76 %) was deemed of Very High Quality and 16.65 ha (56.48 %) was deemed of High-Quality habitat, as per the habitat quality scoring system recommended by DoEE (2017). Depending on the location and amount of disturbance footprint proposed, the totals of foraging habitat may fall over the acceptable habitat loss for Very High Quality (0-2 ha) and High Quality (2-5 ha) habitat as defined by the DoEE (2017), for Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo and Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo, and thus referral is likely to be required by the proponent under the EPBC Act.

A total of 255 trees had a DBH greater than 500 mm and were assessed as potential breeding trees. Four of these trees had hollows recorded, however none showed signs of breeding activity. Further survey work in the Study Area could determine if there is evidence of current or past nesting through undertaking hollow inspections, especially in consideration that Birdlife Australia (2019) considered it highly likely that Black Cockatoos are breeding in the area. Despite there being no conclusive evidence of breeding, these trees meet the definition of breeding habitat by the DoEE, and therefore if clearing is proposed, it will be the responsibility of the proponent to refer the proposed action to the DoEE.

The EPBC Referral guidelines (DoEE, 2017) for the three Black-Cockatoo species identify the complete clearance of roost sites, or the clearing of Very High to High quality foraging habitat, as likely to result in a significant impact. Despite no known roost occurring within the Study

Page | 44 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Area, much of the Study Area does meet the criteria of a roosting site. Given the occurrence of potential breeding trees and the presence of High Quality and Very High-Quality feeding activity, a referral to the DoEE for assessment on impacts to Black-Cockatoo is highly recommended prior to any proposed development at the site. In most cases, avoiding impacts to breeding habitat and Very High to High quality foraging habitat, and aligning with the mitigation objectives outlined in DoEE (2017) will reduce the risk of a significant impact, and therefore the need to refer the action for EPBC Act approval.

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5 References

ALA, Atlas of Living Australia. (2019). Atlas of Living Australia; Occurrence Search (custom search). Retrieved 2019, from Atlas of Living Australia http://www.ala.org.au/ Armstrong, K., Woinarski, J. & Burbidge, A.A. (2017). Falsistrellus mackenziei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. Benshemesh, J. (2007). National Recovery Plan for Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata. South Australia: Department for Environment and Heritage. Birdlife Australia. (2019). Birdata: Custom Atlas Bird Lists (custom search). Retrieved 2018 http://www.birdata.com.au/custom.vm BoM, Bureau of Meteorology. (2019). Climate Data Online. Retrieved 2019 http://www.bom.gov.au./climate/data/index.shtml Burbidge, A. A., & de Tores, P. (1998). Western Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis) Interim Recovery Plan, 1997-1999. Interim Recovery Plan No. 17. Cale, B. (2003). Carnaby's Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) Recovery Plan 2002 - 2012. Wanneroo, WA: Department of Conservation and Land Management. Christidis, L., & Boles, W. E. (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Melbourne, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. Cogger, H. G. (2014). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia (7th Ediiton ed.). Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. Cooper, C. E., Withers, P. C., Mawson, P. R., Bradshaw, S. D., Prince, J., & Roberston, H. (2002). Metabolic ecology of cockatoo in the south-west of Western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 50, 67-76. Cooper, M. L. (1998). Geographic variation in size and shape in the Southern Brown Bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus (Peramelidae : Marsupialia), in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 46, 145-152. DBCA, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. (2019a). NatureMap: Mapping Western Australia's Biodiversity (custom search). Retrieved 2019 http://naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au./default.aspx DBCA, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. (2019b). Threatened and Priority Fauna Database (custom search). Retrieved 2019 http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/plants-and-animals/threatened-species-and- communities/threatened-animals DEC, Department of Environment and Conservation,. (2012). West Australian Wildlife Management Program No 52. Carnaby's Cockatoo (Calyptorhychus latirostris) recovery plan. DEWHA, Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. (2010). Survey Guidelines for Australia's Threatened Birds. EPBC Act survey guidelines 6.2. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: DoEE, Department of the Environment and Energy. (2017). Revised draft referral guideline for three threatened black cockatoo species: Carnaby’s Cockatoo, Baudin’s Cockatoo and the Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo. Commonwealth of Australia Retrieved from http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/consultations/1a21997c-5542-4cd6- ace9-561865bbff29/files/draft-revised-referral-guideline-black-cockatoos.pdf. DoEE, Department of the Environment and Energy. (2019a). Protected Matters Search Tool (custom search). Retrieved 2019 www.environment.gov.au/erin/ert/epbc/index.html DoEE, Department of the Environment and Energy. (2019b). Species Profile and Threats Database. from Department of the Environment and Energy http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl DPaW, Department of Parks and Wildlife. (2014). South Coast Threatened Birds Recoverey Plan. Perth, Western Australia:

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DSEWPaC, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. (2012). EPBC Act Referral Guidelines for Three Threatened Black Cockatoo Species: Carnaby's Cockatoo (endangered) Calyptorhynchus latirostris, Baudin's Cockatoo (vulnerable) Calyptorhynchus baudinii, Forest Redt-tailed Black Cockatoo (vulnerable) Calyptorhynchus banksii naso. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: EPA, Environmental Protection Authority. (2016a). Technical Guidance: Sampling Methods for Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna. Perth, Western Australia. EPA, Environmental Protection Authority. (2016b). Technical Guidance: Terrestrial Fauna Surveys. (Guidance Statement No.56). Perth, Western Australia: The Government of Western Australia. Friend, J. A., & Page, M. J. (2015). Numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus) Recovery Plan. Wildlife Management Program No. 60. Kensington, Western Australia: Gaikhorst, G., How, R., Lloyd, R. & Cowan, M. (2017a). Lerista lineata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. Gaikhorst, G., Lloyd, R., Valentine, L., Sanderson, C., Ford, S. & Ellis, R. (2017b). Ctenotus ora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. Geering, A., Agnew, L., & Harding, S. (2007). Shorebirds of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. Government of Queensland. (2017). Common Death Adder. Retrieved from https://environment.des.qld.gov.au/wildlife/animals-az/common_death_adder.html. Johnson, R. E., & Kirkby, T. (1999). Food of the Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii naso in south-west Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist, 22, 167-177. Johnstone, R., & Johnstone, C. (2004). Review of Carnaby’s Cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus latirostris within the Proposed Roe Highway Stage 7 Area Jandakot. Unpublished report for Main Roads, WA. Johnstone, R., & Kirkby, T. (2008a). Distribution, status, social organisation, movements and conservation of Baudin’s Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus baudinii) in South-west Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 25(1), 107-118. Johnstone, R., & Storr, G. M. (1998). Handbook of Western Australian Birds Volume 1 - Non- passerines (Emu to Dollarbird). Perth, Western Australia: Western Australian Museum. Johnstone, R., & Storr, G. M. (2004). Handbook of Western Australian birds. Volume II - Passerines (Blue-winged Pitta to Goldfinch). Perth, Western Australia: Western Australian Museum. Johnstone, R. E., Burbidge, A. H., & Darnell, J. C. (2013). Birds of the Pilbara region, including seas and offshore islands, Western Australia: distribution, status and historical changes. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement, 78, 343- 441. Johnstone, R. E., & Kirkby, T. (2008b). Distribution, status, social organisation, movements and conservation of Baudin's Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus baudinii) in South-west Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 25, 107-118. Jones, B. A., How, R. A., & Kitchener, D. J. (1994). A field study of Pseudocheirus occidentalis (Marsupialia : Petauridae). I. Distribution and habitat. Wildlife Research, 21, 175-187. Olsen, J., Debus, S., Rose, A. B., & Hayes, G. (2004). Breeding success, cliff characterisation and diet of Peregrine Falcon at high altitude in the Australian Capital Territory. Corella, 28(2), 33-37. Olsen, P. D., & Olsen, J. (1989). Breeding of the Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus. III. Weather, nest quality and breeding success. Emu, 89(1), 6-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1071/MU9890006 Orell, P., & Morris, K. (1994). Chuditch Recovery Plan. Wanneroo, Western Australia:

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Peck, A., Barrett, G., & Williams, M. (2019). The 2018 Great Cocky Count: A community- based survey for Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris), Baudin’s Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus baudinii) and Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso). Saunders, D. A. (1979). The availability of tree hollows for use as nest sites by White-tailed Black Cockatoos. Australian Wildlife Research, 6, 205-216. Saunders, D. A. (1980). Food and movements of the Short-billed form of the White-tailed Black Cockatoo. Australian Wildlife Research, 7, 257-269. Shah, B. (2006). Conservation of Carnaby's Black-Cockatoo on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia. Floreat, Western Australia: Smart, C., Speldewinde, P., & Mills, H. (2011). Influence of habitat characteristics on the distribution of the water-rat (Hydromys chrysogaster) in the greater Perth region, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 94, 533–539. Start, T., Burbidge, A., & Armstrong, D. (1995). Woylie Recovery Plan. Western Australian Wildlife Management Program No. 16. Wanneroo, Western Australia: Van Dyck, S., & Strahan, R. (2008). The Mammals of Australia (Third ed.). Sydney, New South Wales: Australian Museum Trust and Queensland Museum. WAM, Western Australian Museum. (2019). Checklist of the Vertebrates of Western Australia (April 2019). http://museum.wa.gov.au/research/departments/terrestrial- zoology/checklist-terrestrial-vertebrate-fauna-western-australia WAM, W. A. M. (2018). Identification of chewed Marri nuts eaten by cockatoos and parrots with an end-on view of lower mandible of each species. In W. A. Museum (Ed.). Perth, Australia. Wann, J. M., & Bell, D. T. (1997). Dietary preferences of the Black-gloved Wallaby (Macropus irma) and the Western Grey Kangaroo (M. fuliginosus) in Whiteman Park, Perth, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 80, 55-62. Woinarski, J. C. Z., Burbidge, A. A., & Harrison, P. L. (2014). The Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2014. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing.

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Appendix A Characteristics of trees within the Study Area of trees with DBH over 500 mm

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH_01 -32.131 115.996 Introduced Live 15 110 N 0 N

SH_02 -32.131 115.996 Introduced Live 14 140 N 0 N

SH_03 -32.131 115.996 Introduced Live 16 150 N 0 N

SH_04 -32.132 115.996 Introduced Live 15 135 N 0 N

SH_05 -32.129 115.992 Introduced Corymbia Live 12 57 N 0 N

SH_06 -32.128 115.992 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 10 59 N 0 N

SH_07 -32.126 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 7 68 N 0 N

SH_08 -32.127 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 14 60 N 0 N

SH_09 -32.131 115.996 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 18 70 N 0 N

SH_10 -32.129 115.993 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 15 60 N 0 N

SH_11 -32.128 115.993 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 13 70 N 0 N

SH_12 -32.132 115.996 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 10 67 N 0 N

SH_13 -32.127 115.997 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 12 80 N 0 N

SH_14 -32.128 115.993 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 12 65 N 0 N

SH_15 -32.130 115.997 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 14 110 N 0 N

SH_16 -32.127 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 13 121 N 0 N

SH_17 -32.127 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 12 60 N 0 N

SH_18 -32.130 115.997 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 9 56 N 0 N

SH_19 -32.131 115.996 Introduced Eucalyptus Dead 12 60 N 0 N

SH_20 -32.131 115.996 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 11 95 N 0 N

Page | 49 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH_21 -32.129 115.998 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 15 58 N 0 N

SH_22 -32.127 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 11 220 N 0 N

SH_23 -32.127 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 9 65 N 0 N

SH_24 -32.131 115.996 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 8 90 N 0 N

SH_25 -32.128 115.993 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 15 55 N 0 N

SH_26 -32.131 115.996 Introduced Eucalyptus Dead 12 65 N 0 N

SH_27 -32.129 115.993 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 8 65 N 0 N

SH_28 -32.128 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 16 100 N 0 N

SH_29 -32.128 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 8 67 N 0 N

SH_30 -32.128 115.993 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 10 70 N 0 N

SH_31 -32.131 115.996 Introduced Eucalyptus Dead 11 60 N 0 N

SH_32 -32.127 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 9 75 N 0 N

SH_33 -32.127 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 22 300 N 0 N

SH_34 -32.128 115.998 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 11 60 N 0 N

SH_35 -32.127 115.994 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 12 99 N 0 N

SH_36 -32.129 115.999 Introduced Eucalyptus Live 12 76 N 0 N

SH_37 -32.131 115.994 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 6 140 N 0 N

SH_38 -32.130 115.996 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Dead 5 60 N 0 N

SH_39 -32.132 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 8 180 N 0 N

SH_40 -32.130 115.996 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 7 55 N 0 N

SH_41 -32.131 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 9 60 N 0 N

Page | 50 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH_42 -32.129 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 10 100 N 0 N

SH_43 -32.131 115.994 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 7 55 N 0 N

SH_44 -32.129 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 7 65 N 0 N

No. SH_45 -32.129 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 10 100 N 2 Unknown occupancy.

SH_46 -32.130 115.996 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 13 50 N 0 N

SH_47 -32.131 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 10 60 N 0 N

SH_48 -32.130 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 8 80 N 0 N

SH_49 -32.129 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 8 60 N 0 N

SH_50 -32.132 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 7 75 N 0 N

SH_51 -32.130 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 8 120 N 0 N

SH_52 -32.132 115.994 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 15 170 N 0 N

SH_53 -32.130 115.996 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 10 50 N 0 N

SH_54 -32.130 115.996 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 9 52 N 0 N

SH_55 -32.130 115.997 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 7 65 N 0 N

SH_56 -32.131 115.996 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 12 120 N 0 N

SH_57 -32.130 115.996 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 10 59 N 0 N

SH_58 -32.131 115.994 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 13 50 N 0 N

SH_59 -32.132 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Dead 8 77 N 0 N

SH_60 -32.131 115.995 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) Live 6 80 N 0 N

SH_61 -32.128 115.992 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 57 Y 0 N

Page | 51 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH_62 -32.129 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 110 Y 0 N

SH_63 -32.129 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 60 Y 0 N

SH_64 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 14 50 Y 0 N

SH_65 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 50 Y 0 N

SH_66 -32.130 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 90 Y 0 N

SH_67 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 70 Y 0 N

SH_68 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 60 Y 0 N

SH_69 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 55 Y 0 N

SH_70 -32.128 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 65 Y 0 N

SH_71 -32.132 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 50 Y 0 N

SH_72 -32.129 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 70 Y 0 N

SH_73 -32.128 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 62 Y 0 N

SH_74 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 60 Y 0 N

SH_75 -32.128 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 55 N 0 N

SH_76 -32.128 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 50 N 0 N

SH_77 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 65 N 0 N

SH_78 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 59 N 0 N

SH_79 -32.129 115.992 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 6 60 N 0 N

SH_80 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 7 55 N 0 N

SH_81 -32.132 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 14 120 N 0 N

SH_82 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 7 70 N 0 N

Page | 52 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH_83 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 7 55 N 0 N

SH_84 -32.130 115.992 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 56 N 0 N

SH_85 -32.129 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 66 N 0 N

SH_86 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 100 N 0 N

SH_87 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 51 N 0 N

SH_88 -32.130 115.997 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 95 N 0 N

SH_89 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 53 N 0 N

SH_90 -32.130 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 56 N 0 N

SH_91 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 90 N 0 N

SH_92 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 50 N 0 N

SH_93 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 14 150 N 0 N

SH_94 -32.128 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 130 N 0 N

SH_95 -32.131 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 14 110 N 0 N

SH_96 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 7 55 N 0 N

SH_97 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 60 N 0 N

SH_98 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 80 N 0 N

SH_99 -32.128 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 55 N 0 N SH_10 0 -32.132 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 15 130 N 0 N SH_10 1 -32.130 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 70 N 0 N SH_10 2 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 18 51 N 0 N SH-103 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 18 53 N 0 N

Page | 53 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH-104 -32.130 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 80 N 0 N

SH-105 -32.129 115.999 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 58 N 0 N

SH-106 -32.129 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 82 N 0 N

SH-107 -32.130 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 80 N 0 N

SH-108 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 60 N 0 N

SH-109 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 16 95 N 0 N

SH-110 -32.130 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 54 N 0 N

SH-111 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 19 70 N 0 N

SH-112 -32.130 115.997 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 96 N 0 N

SH-113 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 56 N 0 N

SH-114 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 14 54 N 0 N

SH-115 -32.128 115.992 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 58 N 0 N

SH-116 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 75 N 0 N

SH-117 -32.128 115.992 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 58 N 0 N

SH-118 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 17 50 N 0 N

SH-119 -32.132 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 120 N 0 N

SH-120 -32.130 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 80 N 0 N

SH-121 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Dead 13 62 N 0 N

SH-122 -32.128 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 70 N 0 N

SH-123 -32.128 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 13 74 N 0 N

SH-124 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 65 N 0 N

Page | 54 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH-125 -32.132 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 13 90 N 0 N

SH-126 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 65 N 0 N

SH-127 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 56 N 0 N

SH-128 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 80 N 0 N

SH-129 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 13 60 N 0 N

SH-130 -32.128 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 100 N 0 N

SH-131 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 55 N 0 N

SH-132 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 15 120 N 0 N

SH-133 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 130 N 0 N

SH-134 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 100 N 0 N

SH-135 -32.129 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 55 N 0 N

SH-136 -32.132 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 100 N 0 N

SH-137 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 70 N 0 N

SH-138 -32.128 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 70 N 0 N

SH-139 -32.130 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 60 N 0 N

SH-140 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 14 60 N 0 N

SH-141 -32.129 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 60 N 0 N

SH-142 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 16 50 N 0 N

SH-143 -32.128 115.992 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 113 N 0 N

SH-144 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 55 N 0 N

SH-145 -32.129 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 57 N 0 N

Page | 55 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH-146 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 54 N 0 N

SH-147 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 80 N 0 N

SH-148 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 15 56 N 0 N

SH-149 -32.129 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 60 N 0 N

SH-150 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 270 N 0 N

SH-151 -32.130 115.997 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 50 N 0 N

SH-152 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 60 N 0 N

SH-153 -32.132 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 70 N 0 N

SH-154 -32.130 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 7 90 N 0 N

SH-155 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 20 50 N 0 N

SH-156 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 16 96 N 0 N

SH-157 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 65 N 0 N

SH-158 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 50 N 0 N

No. SH-159 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 110 N 1 Unknown occupancy

SH-160 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 17 52 N 0 N

SH-161 -32.130 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 95 N 0 N

SH-162 -32.130 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 7 51 N 0 N

SH-163 -32.130 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 55 N 0 N

No. Hollow SH-164 -32.126 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 85 N 1 inhabited by bees

Page | 56 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH-165 -32.130 115.997 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 58 N 0 N

SH-166 -32.131 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 80 N 0 N

SH-167 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 17 56 N 0 N

SH-168 -32.130 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 90 N 0 N

SH-169 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 80 N 0 N

SH-170 -32.132 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 16 50 N 0 N

SH-171 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Dead 14 92 N 0 N

SH-172 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 70 N 0 N

SH-173 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 55 N 0 N

SH-174 -32.129 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 55 N 0 N

SH-175 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 75 N 0 N

SH-176 -32.129 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 50 N 0 N

SH-177 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 51 N 0 N

SH-178 -32.132 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 18 50 N 0 N

SH-179 -32.128 115.992 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 57 N 0 N

SH-180 -32.129 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 55 N 0 N

SH-181 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 14 90 N 0 N

SH-182 -32.126 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 65 N 0 N

SH-183 -32.129 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 130 N 0 N

SH-184 -32.128 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 70 N 0 N

SH-185 -32.126 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 80 N 0 N

Page | 57 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH-186 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 75 N 0 N

SH-187 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 53 N 0 N

SH-188 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 100 N 0 N

SH-189 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 17 54 N 0 N

SH-190 -32.130 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 110 N 0 N

SH-191 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 51 N 0 N

SH-192 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 52 N 0 N

SH-193 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 15 63 N 0 N

SH-194 -32.128 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 7 62 N 0 N

SH-195 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 18 50 N 0 N

SH-196 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 50 N 0 N

SH-197 -32.130 115.997 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 61 N 0 N

SH-198 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 55 N 0 N

SH-199 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 59 N 0 N

SH-200 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 7 60 N 0 N

SH-201 -32.130 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 54 N 0 N

SH-202 -32.130 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 90 N 0 N

SH-203 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 100 N 0 N

SH-204 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 130 N 0 N

SH-205 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 130 N 0 N

SH-206 -32.128 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 70 N 0 N

Page | 58 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH-207 -32.132 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 15 55 N 0 N

SH-208 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 57 N 0 N

SH-209 -32.128 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 70 N 0 N

SH-210 -32.129 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 60 N 0 N

SH-211 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 15 130 N 0 N

SH-212 -32.128 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 50 N 0 N

SH-213 -32.129 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 70 N 0 N

SH-214 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 15 90 N 0 N

SH-215 -32.129 115.993 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 13 56 N 0 N

SH-216 -32.127 115.997 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 57 N 0 N

SH-217 -32.126 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 62 N 0 N

SH-218 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 180 N 0 N

SH-219 -32.130 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 60 N 0 N

SH-220 -32.128 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 90 N 0 N

SH-221 -32.129 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 60 N 0 N

SH-222 -32.132 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 16 175 N 0 N

SH-223 -32.128 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 77 N 0 N

SH-224 -32.128 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 70 N 0 N

SH-225 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 70 N 0 N

SH-226 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 100 N 0 N

SH-227 -32.132 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 85 N 0 N

Page | 59 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH-228 -32.130 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 57 N 0 N

SH-229 -32.127 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 75 N 0 N

SH-230 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 6 50 N 0 N

SH-231 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 7 50 N 0 N

SH-232 -32.130 115.997 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 6 70 N 0 N

SH-233 -32.130 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 70 N 0 N

SH-234 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 12 50 N 0 N

SH-235 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 55 N 0 N

SH-236 -32.132 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 16 59 N 0 N

SH-237 -32.130 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 13 50 N 0 N

SH-238 -32.128 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 53 N 0 N

SH-239 -32.132 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 170 N 0 N

SH-240 -32.129 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 55 N 0 N

SH-241 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 50 N 0 N

SH-242 -32.128 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 6 60 N 0 N

SH-243 -32.128 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 80 N 0 N

SH-244 -32.128 115.992 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 11 50 N 0 N

SH-245 -32.132 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 100 N 0 N

SH-246 -32.128 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 9 61 N 0 N

SH-247 -32.130 115.997 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 13 84 N 0 N

SH-248 -32.130 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 70 N 0 N

Page | 60 Champion Drive Black Cockatoo Habitat Assessment

Feeding Breeding Hollow Tree ID Latitude Longitude Species Condition Height (m) DBH (cm) evidence evidence count (Y/N) (Y/N) SH-249 -32.131 115.994 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 8 70 N 0 N

SH-250 -32.127 115.996 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 10 51 N 0 N

SH-251 -32.131 115.995 Marri (Corymbia calophylla) Live 15 57 N 0 N

SH-252 -32.131 115.996 Unknown (Alive) Live 15 150 N 0 N

SH-253 -32.131 115.996 Unknown (Alive) Live 16 155 N 0 N

SH-254 -32.131 115.996 Unknown (Alive) Live 8 100 N 0 N

No. Hollow SH-255 -32.129 115.995 Unknown (Dead) Dead 7 60 N 1 inhabited by other parrot species.

Page | 61