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3B-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in the Adrenal Gland of the Chick Embryo

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3B-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in the Adrenal Gland of the Chick Embryo Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1972 3B-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in the Adrenal Gland of the Chick Embryo Grover Charles Ericson Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Ericson, Grover Charles, "3B-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in the Adrenal Gland of the Chick Embryo" (1972). Dissertations. 1134. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/1134 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1972 Grover Charles Ericson ..... )S-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVI'I'Y IN THE ADRENAL GI.AND OF THE CHICK EMBRYO by Grover Charles Ericson A Dissertation Subnitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy June, 1972 l BIOGRAPHY Grover Charles Ericson was born February 17, 1941, in Oak Park, Illinois. He was graduated :from Naperville Community High School, Naperville, · Illinois in June, 1959. He continued his studies at North Central College 1 in Naperville where he was awarded the Bachelor of Arts degree in Ju11e, 196'f. In September, 1964, he began his graduate studies in the Department Iof Anat0ll1.\', Loyola University of Chicago, Strltch School of Medicine, Hey- wood, Illinois. He wa.s awarded the degree of Y.i.aster of Science in February, 1968. He was a Graduate Teaching Assistant in the Department from 1965 to l~ I 1972. From 1968 to 1972 he served as a Research Assistant to Professor I L.V. Damn. In the summer of 1970 arxi 1972, he was awarded a National Science , I Foundation Summer Traineeship. i While attending North Central College, Grover Ericson married a fellow i student, the former Barbara Joye Moede. They have a daughter, Brenna Joye, I born September 12, 1961}, and a son, Gregory Charles, born June 12, 1969. I I ~ t J i ~···~--~~~------...;,'!<llW:"'Ci~-~~IAl-~:li~~;<·----~~~~~ ACKNCliIEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to rrry adviser Dr. Lincoln v. Domm, Professor of Anatomy, and Chairman, Department of Anatauy, Emeritus, for his suggestion of the problem and for his unfailing help and council throughout. the course of my graduate program. I am also grateful to Dr. Joseph T. Velardo, Professor and Chairman, Department 0£ Anatomy, and to the other members of the faculty of Ana.t~ for their help and encouragement. Sincere appreciation is extended to Dr. Russell L. Kutz, Armour Pharmaceutical Company, Kankakee, Illinois, for the generous supply of ACTH; to Mrs. Lucia Smelte, Senior Technician, Departme.nt of Ana.tany, for her counsel and advise on the preparation of histological material; and to Mrs. Shanta George for her excellent technical assistance. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my parents, Mr. & Mrs. Bert o. Ericson for their help and encouragement throughout my educational program., I La.st, but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to express I my profound gratitude to my wife, Barbara, for her constant encouragement, I understanding and abundant help during the preparation of this dissertation and throughout my graduate program. This study was supported in part by USPHS, NIH, Research Grants AM-0'.3895 and AM-0026, and a NIB General Research Support Grant. The grants were administered by Professor Lincoln V. Domm. I ii ~·,~-.--...~-----·--~,,.-.,,;;,-.,c~~1-....-.~-'N;;11:\'t-----~,Vt~---·,.,,..,.J.11.~~-----.· ... ....,.. 'R TABIE OF CONTENTS Page Are TRA. CT • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • XV" INTRODUCTION...................................................... 1 REVJ:E\v OF THE LITERATURE •••••••••••••••••••• ~..................... 4 Histology and Developnent of the Avian Adrenal Gland......... 4 Adrenal-Pituitary Interrelationships in the Chick Embryo..... 10 Adrenal Steroidogenesis...................................... 13 Histochemistry of the Embryonic Avian Adrenal Gland.......... 17 Hypopbysectomy in Chick Embryos•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 Pituitary Chorioallantoic Grafts in Chick Embryos •••••••••••• 2S Effects of Exogenous ACTH•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 27 MATERIALS AND METH01l3 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 32 Adrenal 3f3-HSD activity in normal chick embryos and chicks... 33 Adrenal JS-HSD Activity in Hypophysectomized Chick Embr"Jos •• •i J6 AdrenaJ. )3-HSD activity i..11 hypophysectomized embryos recei-· ving adenobypophyseal chorioal.lantoic grafts.............. 37 AdrenaJ. 3f3-HSD activity in hypophysectomized embryos recei- ving exogenous ACTH••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 38 RESULTS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 Adrenal 13-HSD activity in normal chick embryos and chicks.... 39 Adrenal JS-HSD activity in lzy'pophysectomized. embryos.......... 4S Adrenal )3-HSD activity in hypophysectomized embryos receiving adenohypophyseal chorioal.1antoic grafts ••••••••• SO iii Page Adrenals ~-HSD activity in lzypophysectanized embryos receiving exogenous ACTH•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 54 DISCUS3ION •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 60 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 79 LITERATURE CITED.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 84 TABI,ES • • oa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••••a·•••••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • 92 PI.ATES AND FIGURES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 107 iv ) LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. The number of embryos employed throughout the investigation ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~................ 92 2. Embryos processed for histochemical and histological examination: Experiments I & II................ 93 J. Embryos processed for histochemical and histological examination: Experiments III & IV............. 9.5 4. Evaluation of )S-HSD activity in adrenal glands cf normal embryos and chicks............................... 96 s. Evaluation of P-JS-HSD activity in adrenal glands of hypophysectcmized and sham operated embryos............. 98 6. Evaluation of DHA-~-HSD activity in adrenal glands of hypophysectanized and sham operated embryos ••••••••••••• 100 ?. Evaluation of P-JS-HSD activity in adrenal glands of hypophysectomized embryos with adenohypophyseal and brain trarJ.Splants.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 102 8. Evaluation of DHA-3"3-HSD activity in adrenal gla.."lds of hypophysectomized embryos with adenohypophyseal and brain transplants•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 103 9. Evaluation of DHA- and P-JS-HSD activity in adrenal glands of hypophysectomized embryos which received ACTH at 12 hour intervals•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 104 10. Evaluation of DHA- and P-)S-HSD activity in adrenal glands of hypophysectomized embryos which received ACTH at 24 hour intervals•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 105 ll. Evaluation of DHA- and P-)S-HSD activity in adrenal glands of bypoplzy"sectomized embryos which received honnone vehicle•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 106 v J LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page l. Graph showing average values of adrenal )13-HSD activity in normal. embryos•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 107 2. Graph shmrlng average values of adrenal 313-HSD activity in hypophysectomized embryos ••••••••••••••••••••• 108 3. Graph showing average values of adrenal .)S-HSD activity in hypophysectomized and sham operated embryos ••• 109 4. Graph showing average values of adrenal Jfl-HSD activity in sham operated embryos ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 110 5. Graph showing average values of adrenal 13-HSD activity in nomal and sham operated embryos •••••••••••••• 111 6. Graph showing average values of adrenal )13-HSD activity in hypophysectomized embryos which received adenobypopbysis and brain tissue grafts ••••••••••••••••••• 112 7. Graph showing average values of adrenal P-)S-HSD activity in hypophysectomized embryos with adeno- hypophysis grafts, non-treated hypophysectomized embryos, and sham operated embryos •••••••••••••••••••••••• 113 a. Graph showing average values of adrenal DHA-313-HSD activity in hypophysectomized embryos with ad.enc- hypopbysis grafts, non-treated hypophysectomized embryos and sham operated embryos ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 114 9. Graph showing average values of adrenal 313-HSD activity in hypophysectomized embryos with brain tissue grafts and non-treated hypophysectomized embryos ••• 115 10. Graph showing average values of adrenal )t3-HSD activity in hypoplzy'sectomized embryos which received ACTH at 12 and 24 hour intervals •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 116 ll. Graph showing average values of adrenal P-313-HSD activity in hypoplzy'sectomized embryos receiving ACTH and hormone vehicle•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 117 12. Graph showing average values of adrenal P-3S-HSD activit.Y in hypophysectomized embryos which received ACTH and non-treated lzypophysectanized embryos •••••••••••• 118 vi ) vii LIST OF FIGURES (cont'd) Figure Page lJ. Graph showing average values of adrenal P-.)S-HSD activity in hypophysectomized embryos which received ACTH and shara operated embryos••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 119 14. Graph showing average values
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