9228 Brown/JCL FM.k.qxd 5/2/02 11:36 AM Page i

z/OS JOB CONTROL LANGUAGE

FIFTH EDITION

Gary DeWard Brown

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9228 Brown/JCL IDX.k.qxd 5/1/02 11:53 AM Page 482 9228 Brown/JCL FM.k.qxd 5/2/02 11:36 AM Page i

z/OS JOB CONTROL LANGUAGE

FIFTH EDITION

Gary DeWard Brown

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9228 Brown/JCL FM.k.qxd 5/2/02 11:36 AM Page ii

Publisher: Robert Ipsen Editor: Margaret Eldridge Developmental Editor: Kathryn A. Malm Associate Managing Editor: Penny Linskey New Media Editor: Brian Snapp Text Design & Composition: North Market Street Graphics

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This book is printed on acid-free paper. ࠗ∞ Copyright © 2002 by Gary DeWard Brown. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: ISBN 0471-236357

Printed in the United States of America.

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CONTENTS

Preface ix

Job Control Language Parameters xi

Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Shock of JCL 1 1.2 The Role of JCL 3 1.3 The Difficulty of JCL 3 1.4 The Approach to JCL 4

Chapter 2 Introduction to JCL and z/OS 6 2.1 z/OS Concepts and Vocabulary 6 2.2 z/OS Hardware Architecture 10 2.3 Computer Data 26 2.4 Data Storage 33

Chapter 3 JCL within a Job 35 3.1 JCL Statements 35 3.2 Computer Jobs 36 3.3 Creating Programs 41 3.4 Sort Example 42 3.5 Compile, Linkage Edit, Execute Example 45 3.6 Cataloged Procedure 50

Chapter 4 JCL Statement Formats and Rules 51 4.1 JCL Statement Format 51 4.2 Parameters in the Operand Field 53 4.3 Parameter Rules 53

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4.4 General JCL Rules 54 4.5 Continuing JCL Statements 55 4.6 Commenting JCL 56 4.7 Style in Writing JCL 57 4.8 Placement of JCL Statements 58

Chapter 5 The JOB Statement 60 5.1 Jobname: Name of Job 62 5.2 Accounting Information 63 5.3 Name: Programmer Name 64 5.4 CLASS: Job Class 64 5.5 TIME: Time Limit 65 5.6 MSGCLASS: System Messages 67 5.7 MSGLEVEL: Printing JCL Statements 72 5.8 TYPRUN: Special Job Processing 73 Exercises 74

Chapter 6 The EXEC Statement 77 6.1 Stepname: Name of Job Step 78 6.2 PGM: Name of Program 78 6.3 Procedure: Name of Cataloged Procedure 82 6.4 Keyword Parameters 83 6.5 Region Size 83 6.6 COND: Conditions for Bypassing Job Steps 85 6.7 IF/THEN/ELSE/ENDIF Statement Construct 92 6.8 PARM: Pass Parameters to Job Steps 97 6.9 ACCT: Job Step Accounting Information 99 6.10 SYSUDUMP, SYSABEND, SYSMDUMP: Abnormal Termination Dumps 100 Exercises 101

Chapter 7 The DD Statement 103 7.1 Overview of Data Sets 103 7.2 Data Control Block 105 7.3 DD Statement Format 106 7.4 ddname: Data Definition Name 109 7.5 Referback: Referback Parameter 109 7.6 DCB: Data Control Block Parameter 110 7.7 DSN: Data Set Name 120 7.8 DISP: Data Set Disposition 125 7.9 UNIT: I/O Unit 135 9228 Brown/JCL FM.k.qxd 5/2/02 11:36 AM Page v

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7.10 VOL: Volume Parameter 140 Exercises 145

Chapter 8 More on the DD Statement 146 8.1 Sequential and Partitioned Data Sets 146 8.2 DUMMY, NULLFILE: Dummy Data Sets 147 8.3 Concatenating Data Sets 149 Exercises 152

Chapter 9 DD Statements for Input Stream and Print Data Sets 153 9.1 *,DATA: Input Stream Data Sets 153 9.2 SYSOUT: Output Stream Data Sets 155 9.3 The OUTPUT JCL Statement and Output DD Parameter 158 9.4 The JES /*OUTPUT Statement 168 9.5 The JES3 //*FORMAT PR Statement 169 9.6 Parameters Coded on Several Statements 170

Chapter 10 Direct-Access Storage Devices 181 10.1 Direct-Access Hardware Devices 181 10.2 Space Allocation 183 10.3 The SPACE Parameter 185 10.4 DCB Parameters 194 10.5 Virtual I/O (VIO) Temporary Data Sets 195 10.6 Estimating Space 196 10.7 The LABEL Parameter: Data Set Labels 200 10.8 Multivolume Data Sets 200 10.9 Using Data Sets on Direct-Access Volumes 201 10.10 ABSTR: Requesting Specific Tracks 205 Exercises 206

Chapter 11 SMS: Storage Management Subsystem 208 11.1 The AVGREC Parameter 209 11.2 The DATACLAS, STORCLAS, MGMTCLAS, and SECMODEL Parameters 209 11.3 The LIKE and REFDD Parameters 213 11.4 RECORG and KEYOFF for VSAM Data Sets 214 11.5 DSNTYPE Parameter for Partitioned and Extended Sequential Data Sets 215 9228 Brown/JCL FM.k.qxd 5/2/02 11:36 AM Page vi

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Chapter 12 Magnetic Tapes 217 12.1 Description of Tape 217 12.2 LABEL: Tape Labels 220 12.3 DCB Subparameters 228 12.4 Using Tapes 228 12.5 Compressing Data on Tape 231 12.6 Multivolume Tape Data Sets 232 12.7 Reading Tapes from Another Installation 233 12.8 ISO/ANSI/FIPS Version 3 Labels 233 Exercises 235

Chapter 13 JES2 and JES3 236 13.1 Job Entry Subsystems 236 13.2 JES2 236 13.3 JES3 239

Chapter 14 Cataloged and Instream Procedures 248 14.1 Modifying Statements in Cataloged Procedures 249 14.2 Cataloged Procedures 255 14.3 Instream Procedures 257 14.4 Symbolic Parameters 258 14.5 Nesting Procedures and the INCLUDE Statement 267 14.6 DDNAME: Postponing Definition of Data Sets 270 14.7 Example of Cataloged Procedure 272 Exercises 274

Chapter 15 Generation Data Groups 276 15.1 Creating the Generation Data Group Base Entry 276 15.2 Creating the Model Data Set Label (Non-SMS-Managed Data Sets Only) 277 15.3 Creating a Generation Data Set 278 15.4 Retrieving Generation Data Sets 280 15.5 Listing Generation Data Group Catalog Information 280 15.6 Deleting Generation Data Groups 280

Chapter 16 Miscellaneous JCL Features 282 16.1 Checkpoint/Restart 282 16.2 Spanned Records 289 16.3 Data Set Protection 289 16.4 Job Execution Priority 292 16.5 Other JCL Parameters 293 9228 Brown/JCL FM.k.qxd 5/2/02 11:36 AM Page vii

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16.6 Null Statement 296 16.7 Operator Commands 297 16.8 CNTL/ENDCNTL Program Control Statements 298 16.9 XMIT Data Transmission Statements 298

Chapter 17 VSAM Data Sets 300 17.1 Creating VSAM Data Sets with JCL 304 17.2 Accessing VSAM Data Sets through JCL 305 17.3 The IDCAMS Utility 307 17.4 JOBCAT and STEPCAT DD Statements 314

Chapter 18 The Linkage Editor and Loader 315 18.1 The Linkage Editor 315 18.2 The Loader 328 Exercises 329

Chapter 19 IBM Utility Programs 331 19.1 The IDCAMS Utility 331 19.2 The Icetool Utility Programs 336 19.3 The IBM Utility Programs 341

Chapter 20 Sort/Merge 352 20.1 Sorting Concepts 352 20.2 The DFSORT Program 353 20.3 The SORT Statement 354 20.4 MERGE Statement 358 20.5 Other SORT Statements 359 20.6 Sort Efficiency 376 Exercises 378

Chapter 21 ISPF 379 21.1 Using ISPF 379 21.2 Using ISPF for Programming 384 21.3 Editing Data Sets 388 21.4 Browsing Text 408 21.5 The ISPF Utilities 409

Chapter 22 TSO/E 417 22.1 The TSO/E Language 417 22.2 Logging on and off TSO/E 419 9228 Brown/JCL FM.k.qxd 5/2/02 11:36 AM Page viii

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22.3 Displaying Information about Data Sets 420 22.4 Allocating Data Sets 422 22.5 Calling Programs 424 22.6 Submitting Jobs 424 22.7 Use of TSO/E for Utility Functions 427 22.8 TSO/E CLISTs 428

Chapter 23 TSO/E REXX 438 23.1 Variables 439 23.2 Arithmetic Expressions 440 23.3 Logical Expressions 440 23.4 Character Operations 441 23.5 REXX Statements 442 23.6 Supplying Arguments in the Command Line 447

Chapter 24 Hierarchical File System (HFS) Files 449 24.1 JCL Parameters for HFS Files 449 24.2 TSO/E HFS Parameters 453 24.3 The BPXBATCH Utility 453

Chapter 25 JCL and the Internet 456 25.1 Useful Web Sites 456 25.2 Sending E-Mail from Batch Jobs 457

Index 461 9228 Brown/JCL FM.k.qxd 5/2/02 11:36 AM Page ix

PREFACE

The IBM mainframe continues to be alive and well, despite all the attention received by PCs. It has adapted to the changing environment, where issues such as security and reliability make it an ideal platform for the electronic economy. JCL (Job Control Language) is necessary to run batch jobs on IBM large mainframe computers, and batch jobs are an inherent part of pro- gramming on the mainframes. z/OS is the next generation of the OS/390 operating system. The information for it in this book has been extracted from close to 40 IBM manuals. There are so many manuals for z/OS that if programmers were each to have a personal copy of all the manuals they might need, they would risk crushing the continental plate under their weight. Since manuals are expensive, this book saves you and your com- pany money. This is the fifth edition of the JCL book. I have updated it to incorporate recent changes to JCL and the z/OS features. My goal for this book continues to be to explain the operating system and provide readers with most of the information they need to use it. For this reason, chapters on such subjects as the linkage editor, the IBM utili- ties, the Sort/Merge utility, VSAM, TSO/E, ISPF, and REXX are included. Please visit the book’s Web site at www.wiley.com/compbooks/brown for solutions to the exercises and a summary of obsolete JCL features.

Gary DeWard Brown Los Angeles, California April 2002

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JOB CONTROL LANGUAGE PARAMETERS

Subparam- Subparam- Parameter eter of Page Parameter eter of Page ACCODE DD 234 COMPACT OUTPUT 178 ACCT EXEC 101 COMSETUP OUTPUT 167 ADDRESS OUTPUT 168 COND JOB, EXEC 87 ADDRSPC JOB, EXEC 293 CONTROL OUTPUT 178 AFF UNIT 140 COPIES DD, OUTPUT 171 AMP DD 303 CROPS AMP 304 AVGREC DD 209 DATA DD 155 BLKSIZE DD, DCB 118 DATACK OUTPUT 167 BLKSZLIM DD TK DATACLAS DD 209 BUFND AMP 304 DCB DD 112 BUFNI AMP 304 DD — 105 BUFNO DD, DCB 120 DDNAME DD 270 BUFSP AMP 304 DEFAULT OUTPUT 161 BUILDING OUTPUT 168 DEN DD, DCB 228 BURST DD, OUTPUT 175 DEPT OUTPUT 168 BYTES JOB 173 DEST DD, OUTPUT 173 CCSID JOB, EXEC TK DISP DD 127 CHARS DD, OUTPUT 176 DLM DD 156 CHKPT DD 283 DPAGELBL OUTPUT 167 CKPTLINE OUTPUT 174 DSN DD 122 CKPTPAGE OUTPUT 174 DSNTYPE DD 215 CKPTSEC OUTPUT 174 DSORG DD, DCB 113 CLASS JOB 66 DUMMY DD 149 CLASS OUTPUT 166 DUPLEX OUTPUT TK CNTL — 296 DYNAMNBR EXEC 294 CNTL DD 296 ENDCNTL — 296 COLORMAP OUTPUT TK EXEC — 79 COMMAND — 295 EXPDT DD, LABEL 289

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Subparam- Subparam- Parameter eter of Page Parameter eter of Page FCB DD, OUTPUT 175 OUTPUT — 160 FILEDATA DD 440 OUTPUT DD 160 FLASH DD, OUTPUT 177 OVERLAY OUTPUT TK FORMDEF OUTPUT 167 OVFL OUTPUT 179 FORMLEN OUTPUT TK PAGEDEF OUTPUT 167 FORMS OUTPUT 175 PAGES JOB 173 FREE DD 160 PARM EXEC 99 GROUP JOB 291 PASSWORD JOB 291 GROUPID OUTPUT 167 PATH DD 439 HOLD DD 158 PATHDISP DD 440 IF/THEN/ PATHMODE DD 442 ELSE/ENDIF — 94 PATHOPTS DD 440 INCLUDE DD 268 PEND — 257 INDEX OUTPUT 179 PERFORM JOB, EXEC 293 JCLLIB — 257 PGM EXEC 80 JESDS OUTPUT 166 PIMSG OUTPUT 167 JOB — 62 PRMODE OUTPUT 167 JOBCAT Special DD 311 PROC — 255 JOBLIB Special DD 81 PROC EXEC 85 KEYOFF DD 302 PROTECT DD 291 LABEL DD 220 PRTERROR OUTPUT TK LGSTREAM DD TK PRTNO OUTPUT TK LIKE DD 213 PRTOPTNS OUTPUT TK LINDEX OUTPUT 179 PRTQUEUE OUTPUT TK LINECT OUTPUT 178 PRTSP DD, DCB 178 LINES JOB 172 PRTY JOB 292 LRECL DD, DCB 116 PRTY OUTPUT 167 MEMLIMIT JOB, EXEC TK QNAME DD 294 MGMTCLAS DD 211 RD JOB, EXEC 284 MODIFY DD, OUTPUT 176 RECFM DD, DCB 114 MSGCLASS JOB 69 RECORG DD 302 MSGLEVEL JOB 74 REF VOL 143 NAME OUTPUT 168 REFDD DD 213 NOTIFY JOB 415 REGION JOB, EXEC 85 NOTIFY OUTPUT 166 RESFMT OUTPUT TK NULLFILE DSN 149 RESTART JOB 285 OFFSET OUTPUT TK RETAIN OUTPUT TK OPTCD DD, DCB, AMP 176 RETRY OUTPUT TK OUTBIN OUTPUT 166 RETPD DD, LABEL 289 OUTDISP OUTPUT 166 RLS DD 304 OUTLIM DD 172 ROOM OUTPUT 168 9228 Brown/JCL FM.k.qxd 5/2/02 11:36 AM Page xiii

JOB CONTROL LANGUAGE PARAMETERS xiii

Subparam- Subparam- Parameter eter of Page Parameter eter of Page SCHENV JOB TK SYSOUT DD 157 SECLABEL JOB 291 SYSUDUMP Special DD 102 SECMODEL DD 212 TERM DD 417 SEGMENT DD 159 THRESHLD OUTPUT 179 SER VOL 143 TIME JOB, EXEC 67 SET — 263 TITLE OUTPUT 168 SORTCKPT Special DD 283 TRC OUTPUT 176 SPIN DD 159 TRTCH DD, DCB 105 SPACE DD 185 TYPRUN JOB 75 STEPCAT Special DD 311 UNIT DD 137 STEPLIB Special DD 82 USER JOB 291 STORCLAS DD 209 USERDATA OUTPUT 168 STRNO AMP 304 USERLIB OUTPUT 168 SUBSYS DD 295 VIO DD 195 SYNAD AMP 304 VOL DD 142 SYMNAMES DD TK WRITER OUTPUT 174 SYSABEND Special DD 102 XMIT — 297 SYSAREA OUTPUT 168 //* — 58 SYSCHK Special DD 287 // — 295 SYSCKEOV Special DD 283 /* — 155 SYSIN Special DD 155 * DD 155 SYSMDUMP Special DD 103