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Contents Preface . iii How this course is organized . iii How each topic is organized . iv Part 1. Introduction to z/OS and the mainframe environment Chapter 1. Introduction to the new mainframe . 3 1.1 The new mainframe. 4 1.2 The S/360: A turning point in mainframe history . 4 1.3 An evolving architecture . 5 1.4 Mainframes in our midst . 6 1.5 What is a mainframe? . 7 1.6 Who uses mainframe computers?. 10 1.7 Factors contributing to mainframe use . 11 1.8 Typical mainframe workloads . 14 1.9 Roles in the mainframe world . 21 1.10 z/OS and other mainframe operating systems . 27 1.11 Summary . 29 Chapter 2. z/OS overview. 31 2.1 What is an operating system? . 32 2.2 Overview of z/OS facilities. 32 2.3 What is z/OS? . 34 2.4 Virtual storage and other mainframe concepts . 39 2.5 What is workload management? . 57 2.6 I/O and data management. 60 2.7 Supervising the execution of work in the system . 60 2.8 Defining characteristics of z/OS . 68 2.9 Licensed programs for z/OS . 69 2.10 Middleware for z/OS . 70 2.11 A brief comparison of z/OS and UNIX. 71 2.12 Summary . 73 Chapter 3. TSO/E, ISPF, and UNIX: Interactive facilities of z/OS . 75 3.1 How do we interact with z/OS? . 76 3.2 TSO overview . 76 3.3 ISPF overview . 80 3.4 z/OS UNIX interactive interfaces. 99 3.5 Summary . 105 © Copyright IBM Corp. 2005, 2006. All rights reserved. i Chapter 4. Working with data sets. 107 4.1 What is a data set? . 108 4.2 Where are data sets stored? . 109 4.3 Role of DFSMS in managing space . 109 4.4 What are access methods?. 111 4.5 How are DASD volumes used?. 111 4.6 Allocating a data set . 112 4.7 Allocating space on DASD volumes through JCL . 113 4.8 Data set record formats. 114 4.9 Types of data sets . 117 4.10 What is VSAM? . 122 4.11 How data sets are named . 124 4.12 Catalogs and VTOCs . 125 4.13 z/OS UNIX file systems . 130 4.14 Summary . 133 Chapter 5. Batch processing and JES. 135 5.1 What is batch processing? . 136 5.2 What is JES?. 136 5.3 What an initiator does . 139 5.4 Why z/OS uses symbolic file names . 139 5.5 Job and output management with JES . 141 5.6 Job flow through the system . 148 5.7 JES2 compared to JES3 . 151 5.8 Summary . 151 Chapter 6. Using JCL and SDSF . 153 6.1 What is JCL? . 154 6.2 Basic JCL statements . 154 6.3 JOB, EXEC, and DD operands . 156 6.4 Data set disposition, DISP operand . 159 6.5 Continuation and concatenation . 161 6.6 Reserved DDNAMES . 162 6.7 JCL procedures (PROCs) . 163 6.8 Using SDSF. 165 6.9 Utilities. 170 6.10 System libraries. 170 6.11 Summary . 170 ii z/OS Basics Preface This course provides students of information systems technology with the background knowledge and skills necessary to begin using the basic facilities of a mainframe computer. For optimal learning, students are assumed to have successfully completed an introductory course in computer system concepts, such as computer organization and architecture, operating systems, data management, or data communications. They should also have successfully completed courses in one or more programming languages, and be PC literate. Note that this course can also be used as a prerequisite for courses in advanced topics such as compiler algorithms, or for internships and special studies. Others who will benefit from this course include data processing professionals who have experience with non-mainframe platforms, or who are familiar with some aspects of the mainframe but want to become knowledgeable with other facilities and benefits of the mainframe environment. When moving through this course, instructors are encouraged to alternate between course, lecture, discussions, and hands-on exercises. The instructor-led discussions and hands-on exercises are an integral part of the learning experience, and can include topics not covered in this course. After reading this course, students will have received: A general introduction to mainframe concepts, usage, and architecture A comprehensive overview of z/OS, a widely used mainframe operating system An understanding of mainframe workloads and an overview of the major middleware applications in use on mainframes today The basis for subsequent course work in more advanced, specialized areas of z/OS, such as system administration or application programming How this course is organized This course is organized in four parts, as follows: Part 1. “Introduction to z/OS and the mainframe environment” provides an overview of the types of workloads commonly processed on the mainframe, such as batch jobs and online transactions. This part of the course helps students explore the © Copyright IBM Corp. 2005, 2006. All rights reserved. iii user interfaces of z/OS, a widely used mainframe operating system. Discussion topics include TSO/E and ISPF, UNIX interfaces, job control language, file structures, and job entry subsystems. Special attention is paid to the users of mainframes and to the evolving role of mainframes in today’s business world. Part 2. “Application programming on z/OS” introduces the tools and utilities for developing a simple program to run on z/OS. This part of the course guides the student through the process of application design, choosing a programming language, and using a runtime environment. Part 3. “Online workloads for z/OS” examines the major categories of interactive workloads processed by z/OS, such as transaction processing, database management, and Web-serving. This part of the course includes discussions of several popular middleware products, including DB2®, CICS®, and WebSphere® Application Server. Part 4. “System programming on z/OS” provides topics to help the student become familiar with the role of the z/OS system programmer. This part of the course includes discussions of system libraries, starting and stopping the system, security, network communications and the clustering of multiple systems. Also provided is an overview of mainframe hardware systems, including processors and I/O devices. In this course, we use simplified examples and focus mainly on basic system functions. Hands-on exercises are provided throughout the course to help students explore the mainframe style of computing. Exercises include entering work into the system, checking its status, and examining the output of submitted jobs. How each topic is organized Each chapter follows a common format: Objectives for the student Topics that teach a central theme related to mainframe computing Summary of the main ideas of the chapter A list of key terms introduced in the chapter Questions for review to help students verify their understanding of the material Topics for further discussion to encourage students to explore issues that extend beyond the chapter objectives Hands-on exercises intended to help students reinforce their understanding of the material iv.
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