Characterization of Electrical Discharge Machining Plasmas
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Study of Memory Effect in an Atmospheric Pressure Townsend
THÈSE En vue de l’obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par l'Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier Présentée et soutenue par Xi LIN Le 22 février 2019 Study of memory effect in an Atmospheric Pressure Townsend Discharge in the mixture N2/O2 using laser induced fluorescence Ecole doctorale : GEET - Génie Electrique Electronique et Télécommunications : du système au nanosystème Spécialité : Ingénierie des Plasmas Unité de recherche : LAPLACE - Laboratoire PLAsma et Conversion d'Énergie - CNRS-UPS-INPT Thèse dirigée par Simon DAP et Nicolas GHERARDI Jury Mme Svetlana Starikovskaia, Rapporteuse M. Ronny Brandenburg, Rapporteur Mme Françoise Massines, Examinateur M. Frédéric Marchal, Examinateur M. Philippe Teulet, Examinateur M. Simon DAP, Directeur de thèse Acknowledgement I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Simon Dap. He has devoted so much time on teaching and leading me into the world of plasma physics. I am very appreciated for his patience and encouragement, also thanks to his support and rich discussion on physics, I finally achieve my thesis. I would also like to express my thanks to Nicolas Naudé for the fruitful discussions and suggestions on electrical characteristics of discharge, and for his knowledge on electrode fabrication and on OES spectroscopy. Thanks to Nicolas Gherardi for his confidence and support on me. Thanks to Prof. Svetlana M Starikovskaia and Prof. Ronny Brandenburg, for reviewing my thesis. I would also like to extend my gratitude to three other jury members, Prof. Françoise Massines, Prof. Feédéric Marchal and Prof. Philippe Teulet, for being the examiners of my work. I appreciate the assistance and advice from the technicians and engineers of Laplace, Benoît Schlegel, Fédéric Sidor, Vincent Bley, Céline Combettes, Cédric Trupin, and Stéphane Martin. -
Experiments and Simulations of an Atmospheric Pressure Lossy Dielectric Barrier Townsend Discharge
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics PAPER Related content - Atmospheric pressure glow discharge Experiments and simulations of an atmospheric plasma A A Garamoon and D M El-zeer pressure lossy dielectric barrier Townsend - Diffuse barrier discharges discharge Z Navrátil, R Brandenburg, D Trunec et al. - Nonlinear phenomena in dielectric barrier discharges: pattern, striation and chaos To cite this article: S Im et al 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 085202 Jiting OUYANG, Ben LI, Feng HE et al. Recent citations View the article online for updates and enhancements. - Radial structures of atmospheric-pressure glow discharges with multiple current pulses in helium Zhanguo Bai et al This content was downloaded from IP address 128.12.245.233 on 22/09/2020 at 18:06 Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 (2014) 085202 (10pp) doi:10.1088/0022-3727/47/8/085202 Experiments and simulations of an atmospheric pressure lossy dielectric barrier Townsend discharge S Im, M S Bak1, N Hwang2 and M A Cappelli Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-3032, USA E-mail: [email protected] Received 25 September 2013, revised 7 January 2014 Accepted for publication 9 January 2014 Published 7 February 2014 Abstract A diffuse discharge is produced in atmospheric pressure air between porous alumina dielectric barriers using low-frequency (60 Hz) alternating current. To study its formation mechanism, both the discharge current and voltage are measured while varying the dielectric barrier porosity (0%, 48% or 85%) and composition (99% Al2O3 ,99% SiO2 or 75% Al2O3 + 16% SiO2 + 9% other oxides). -
The Ball Lightning Conundrum
most famous deadis due to ball lightning occun-ed in 1752 or 1753, when die Swedish sci entist Professor Georg Wilhelm Richman was The Ball attempting to repeat Benjamin Franklin's observa dons with a lightning rcxl. An eyewitness report ed that when Richman w;is "a foot away from the iron rod, the] looked at die elecuical indicator Lightning again; just then a palish blue ball of fire, ;LS big as a fist, came out of die rod without any contaa whatst:)ever. It went right to the forehead of die Conundrum professor , who in diat instant fell back without uttering a sound."' Somedmes a luminous globe is said to rapidly descend 6own die path of a linear lightning WILLIAM D STANSFIELD strike and stop near the ground at die impact site. It may dien hover motionless in mid-air or THE EXISTENCE OF BALL UGHTNING HAS move randomly, but most often horizontally, at been questioned for hundreds of years. Today, die relatively slow velocities of walking speed. the phenomenon is a realit>' accepted by most Sometimes it touches or bounces along or near scientists, but how it is foniied and maintiiined the ground, or travels inside buildings, along has yet to be tully explained. Uncritical observers walls, or over floors before being extingui.shed. of a wide variety of glowing atmospheric entities Some balls have been observed to travel along may be prone to call tliem bail lightning. Open- power lines or fences. Wind does not .seem to minded skepdas might wish to delay judgment have any influence on how diese balls move. -
Detailed Investigation of the Electric Discharge Plasma Between Copper Electrodes Immersed Into Water
atoms Article Detailed Investigation of the Electric Discharge Plasma between Copper Electrodes Immersed into Water Roman Venger 1, Tetiana Tmenova 1,2,*, Flavien Valensi 2, Anatoly Veklich 1, Yann Cressault 2 and Viacheslav Boretskij 1 1 Electronics and Computer Systems, Faculty of Radio Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64, Volodymyrska St., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; [email protected] (R.V.); [email protected] (A.V.); [email protected] (V.B.) 2 Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT; LAPLACE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d’Energie), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France; [email protected] (F.V.); [email protected] (Y.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +38-063-598-5219 Academic Editors: Milan S. Dimitrijevi´cand Luka C.ˇ Popovi´c Received: 11 September 2017; Accepted: 16 October 2017; Published: 23 October 2017 Abstract: A phenomenological picture of pulsed electrical discharge in water is produced by combining electrical, spectroscopic, and imaging methods. The discharge is generated by applying ~350 µs long 100 to 220 V pulses (values of current from 400 to 1000 A, respectively) between the point-to-point copper electrodes submerged into the non-purified tap water. Plasma channel and gas bubble occur between the tips of the electrodes, which are initially in contact with each other. The study includes detailed experimental investigation of plasma parameters of such discharge using the correlation between time-resolved high-speed imaging, electrical characteristics, and optical emission spectroscopic data. Radial distributions of the electron density of plasma is estimated from the analysis of profiles and widths of registered Hα and Hβ hydrogen lines, and Cu I 515.3 nm line, exposed to the Stark mechanism of spectral lines’ broadening. -
Methodology for Analysis of Electrical Breakdown in Micrometer Gaps In
Methodology for Analysis of Electrical Breakdown In Micrometer gaps in Tip-To-Plane Configuration Kemas Tofani, Jean-Pascal Cambronne, Sorin Dinculescu, Ngapuli Sinisuka, Kremena Makasheva To cite this version: Kemas Tofani, Jean-Pascal Cambronne, Sorin Dinculescu, Ngapuli Sinisuka, Kremena Makasheva. Methodology for Analysis of Electrical Breakdown In Micrometer gaps in Tip-To-Plane Configuration. 2018 IEEE 13th Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC), Oct 2018, Portland, United States. pp.1-4, 10.1109/NMDC.2018.8605855. hal-02324370 HAL Id: hal-02324370 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02324370 Submitted on 1 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Methodology for analysis of electrical breakdown in micrometer gaps in tip-to-plane configuration Kemas M Tofani LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, Jean-Pascal Cambronne Sorin Dinculescu CNRS LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France CNRS CNRS Bandung Institute of Technology Toulouse, France Toulouse, France Bandung, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] PT. PLN Jakarta, Indonesia Kremena Makasheva [email protected] LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS Ngapuli I. Sinisuka Toulouse, France Bandung Institute of Technology [email protected] Bandung, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—Better understanding of the electrical behavior of electron emission process by ions bombardment on the miniaturized electrical devices is largely supported by the need cathode. -
The Pennsylvania State University
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Materials Science and Engineering TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN IN POLYMERS A Thesis in Materials Science and Engineering by Cheolhong Min © 2008 Cheolhong Min Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science August 2008 ii The thesis of Cheolhong Min was reviewed and approved* by the following: Thomas R. Shrout Professor of Materials Science Thesis Co-Advisor Michael T. Lanagan Associate Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics Thesis Co-Advisor Shujun Zhang Research Associate and Assistant Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Joan Redwing Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Chair, Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Materials Science and Engineering *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Capacitors possess high-power densities and have the ability to deliver energy with short discharge times, which are in the micro-second to nano-second range. Both energy and power density are related to the dielectric materials used in the capacitor. One of the main challenges for capacitors is achieving high energy density as determined by the relative permittivity and dielectric breakdown strength of a material. Polymers are some of the most important dielectric materials for high-power capacitors because polymer films show high breakdown strength. A general trend in polymers is that the breakdown strength increases with decreasing temperature. An understanding of the temperature dependence relationships among electrical properties, polymer chemistry, and crystalline structure may lead to improved energy storage for polymer-based capacitors—this is the basis of the thesis. Various polymers including polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene- chlorotrifluoroethylene) terpolymer (p(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)) were investigated in this study. -
Research Paper Commerce Physics Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Volume-4, Issue-10, Oct-2015 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160 Commerce Research Paper Physics Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Ramanjeet Kaur Assistant Professor Physics Department, R S D College, Ferozepur City ABSTRACT The atomic emission spectroscopy is method based on the study of light emitted by atoms to determine the proportional quantity of a particular element in a given sample. Three techniques of atomic emission spectroscopy flame emission arc & spark emission and plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, their working, Principle and applications has been discussed in detail. KEYWORDS : -spectroscopy, flame, spark & arc, plasma, qualitative & quantitative analysis INTRODUCTION Atomic spectroscopy is the determination of elemental composition termining the accuracy of the analysis. The most popular sampling by its electromagnetic spectrum. Electrons exist in energy levels with- method is nebulization of a liquid sample to provide a steady flow of in an atom. These levels have well defined energies and electrons aerosol into a flame. An introduction system for liquid samples con- moving between them must absorb or emit energy equal to the dif- sists of three components: (a) a nebulizer that breaks up the liquid ference between them. The wavelength of the emitted radiant ener- into small’ droplets, (b) an aerosol modifier that removes large drop- gy is directly related to the electronic transition which has occurred. lets from the stream, allowing only droplets smaller than a certain Since every element has a unique electronic structure, the wave- size to pass, and (c) the flame or atomizer that converts the anaIyte length of light emitted is a unique property of each individual ele- into free atoms. -
Numerical Simulation of Townsend Discharge, Paschen Breakdown and Dielectric Barrier Discharges Napoleon Leoni, Bhooshan Paradkar
Numerical Simulation of Townsend Discharge, Paschen Breakdown and Dielectric Barrier Discharges Napoleon Leoni, Bhooshan Paradkar HP Laboratories HPL-2009-234 Keyword(s): Townsend Discharge, Paschen Breakdown, Dielectric Barrier Discharges, Corona. Numerical Simulation Abstract: Practical understanding of electrical discharges between conductors or between conductors and dielectrics is instrumental for the development of novel charging devices for Digital Printing Applications. The work presented on this paper focuses on fundamental aspects related to the inception of electrical discharges and breakdown in the initial stages (few 100's of ?s) to a detail hard to match with experimental techniques. Numerical simulations of 1-D Townsend and Dielectric Barrier Discharges (DBDs) are performed using a commercial Finite Element package (COMSOL). A combined fluid model for the electron and Ion fluxes is used together with a local field approximation on a 1-D domain comprised of Nitrogen gas. The renowned Paschen breakdown result is successfully predicted numerically. Results are shown for the transient Townsend discharge that leads to this breakdown offering insight into the positive feedback mechanism that enables it. These transient results show how impact ionization combined with cathode secondary emission generate increasing waves of positive ions that drift towards the cathode again self feeding the discharge process. The simulation is then extended to predict the nature of a DBD in the case of a single voltage pulse. External Posting Date: September 6, 2009 [Fulltext] Approved for External Publication Internal Posting Date: September 6, 2009 [Fulltext] To be published and presented at NIP 2009, Loiusville, KY, September, 20-24, 2009 © Copyright NIP 2009 Numerical Simulation of Townsend Discharge, Paschen Breakdown and Dielectric Barrier Discharges Napoleon Leoni; Hewlett Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA. -
THE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE EXPERIMENTS a Theorist’S Exploration of First Laboratory Plasmas I
THE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE EXPERIMENTS A Theorist’s Exploration of First Laboratory Plasmas I. INTRODUCTION • Who? • Experimentalists interested in electrical properties of matter • What? • Experiments with electromagnetic fields in low-pressure Gases • Where? • Germany and Britain • When? • Late nineteenth / Early twentieth centuries • Why? • Unify classical theories for light and matter • kinetic theory, electromagnetic theory • “The study of the electrical properties of gases seems to offer the most promising field for investigatinG the Nature of Electricity and Matter, for thanks to the Kinetic Theory of Gases our idea of non-electric processes in gases is much more vivid than they are for liquids or solids”– JJ Thomson [Thomson, 1896] II. RESULTS • Failure to unify classical theories for light and matter • Evidence of complex electromagnetic interactions between light and matter at the sub-atomic level • Experimental basis for Modern Era of Physics • "a New Era has beGun in Physics, in which the electrical properties of gases have played and will play a most important part.“ JJ Thomson [Thomson, 1896] III. DISCHARGE TUBE • DischarGe Tube • Weakly-Conducting Exterior Solid • Weakly-Conducting Interior Gas (WCG) • Strongly-Conducting Interior Gas (SCG) • Applied Interior Pressure (P) • Electrodes (Cathode and Anode) • Model as Ideal Capacitor with Dielectric (D) • Applied Potential Difference (V) • Applied Electric Field (E) • Particle Drifts • Electric field transfers energy to charged particles • Particles scatter in the Gas interior -
Download Technical Paper
TECHNICAL PAPER Thermal and Electrical Breakdown Versus Reliability of Ta2O5 under Both – Bipolar Biasing Conditions P. Vašina, T. Zedníček, Z. Sita AVX Czech Republic, s.r.o., Dvorakova 328, 563 01 Lanskroun, Czech Republic J. Sikula and J. Pavelka CNRL TU Brno, Technicka 8, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Abstract: Our investigation of breakdown is mainly oriented to find a basic parameters describing the phenomena as well as its impact on reliability and quality of the final product that is “GOOD” tantalum capacitor. Basically, breakdown can be produced by a number of successive processes: thermal breakdown because of increasing conductance by Joule heating, avalanche and field emission break, an electromechanical collapse due to the attractive forces between electrodes electrochemical deterioration, dendrite formation and so on. Breakdown causes destruction in the insulator and across the electrodes mainly by melting and evaporation, sometimes followed by ignition. An identification of breakdown nature can be achieved from VA characteristics. Therefore, we have investigated the operating parameters both in the normal mode, Ta is a positive electrode, as well as in the reverse mode with Ta as a negative one. In the reverse mode we have reported that the thermal breakdown is initiated by an increase of the electrical conductance by Joule heating. Consequently followed in a feedback cycle consisting of temperature - conductivity - current - Joule heat - temperature. In normal mode an electrical breakdown can be stimulated by an increase of the electrical conductance in a channel by an electrical pulse and stored charge leads to the sample destruction. Both of these breakdowns have got a stochastic behaviour and could be hardly localized in advance. -
Identification of the Electric Spark Electromagnetic Waveform Based on SVM
Advances in Engineering Research, volume 127 3rd International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering (EAME 2018) Identification of the Electric Spark Electromagnetic Waveform Based on SVM Tongtong Li1,*, Ziyuan Tong2, Shoufeng Tang1, Xia Qin1, Mingming Tong1 and Zhaoliang Xu3 1China University of Mining and Technology, China 2School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Australia 3Xuzhou Hanlin Technology Co., Ltd., China *Corresponding author Abstract—Electromagnetic wave of electrical spark is a current. potential cause to eletrical equipment failure. This research focused on identificating and comparative analyzing the different A. Electromagnetic Characteristics Extraction of the Electric types of electromagnetic waveform generated by eletrical Spark equipment failure based on SVM. After analyzing and extracting the features the electromagnetic waveform, a model was built to First, confirm that you have the correct template for your identificate the type of the elctromagnetic waveform. The paper size. This template has been tailored for output on the collected standard electromagnetic waveforms were used as the US-letter paper size. If you are using A4-sized paper, please imput of the train model and the model accuracy was improved close this file and download the file for “MSW_A4_format”. by adjusting training parameters afer analyzing the results, When the distance between the contact closure electrodes When inputting an unknown type of electromagnetic waveform, gradually decreases or a strong electric field occurs[6], the SVM may predict the output of the network according to the current density gradually increases and produces high recognition rule. Then the types of electromagnetic waveforms temperature ionization, then contact and electrode gas will be were identificated by using adjusted models. -
Capacitive Power Transfer Through Rotational and Sliding Bearings
CAPACITIVE POWER TRANSFER THROUGH ROTATIONAL AND SLIDING BEARINGS by Skyler S. Hagen A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of: Master of Science (Electrical Engineering) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN – MADISON 2016 i Abstract Throughout the history of electrification, applications have existed for the transmission of electrical energy from stationary sources to moving loads. Electrical equipment which is expected to move along tracks, or in cyclical, pivoting, or rotational patterns of motion often requires externally-supplied electrical power to operate. Various techniques have been used with success in the past such as brushes with sliding contacts [1], cable connections (when practical), and various inductive and capacitive contactless power transfer strategies [2],[3],[4],[5]; however, each has its own limitations in longevity and/or complexity. Applications for power transfer to moving loads proliferate in the automotive and traction industries, as well as automation and manufacturing. Both of these categories have strict requirements on reliability. Failure in operation can be hazardous to human life and property in the case of transportation and heavy equipment traction. In the case of manufacturing, the reliability requirement is justified by the large opportunity cost incurred by machine down time. The following is a proposition for a technology which is well suited for many key modern applications. Using the nanofarad-scale capacitance already present in a variety of rotational and linear journal bearings, along with a simple soft-switching high frequency power converter circuit, power levels in the 102-103 watt range have successfully been transferred capacitively from stationary power sources to moving loads.