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Part 5 of 5 Parts WhinchatWhinCHAT 2016 I / 1 Siering - ToleranceBorder about - Whinchat woody densities, work in the reeds UK and 2016/17 paths Whinchat work in the UK 2016 to 2017 J B (The ord, United Kingdom) B J 2017: Whinchat work in the UK 2016 to 2017. WhinCHAT 1, 9195. This brief report gives you a review of the Whin ferences at the two scales. In general the same chat work of me and some selected researchers habitat characteris cs were important at both in the UK in 2016 to 2017. spa al scales, however, due to the diff erences in how the data was measured and extrapolated, Jennifer Border (previously Jennifer Taylor) some responses diff ered for territory and lands Over the last year I have been working for the cape scales. This suggests that though landscape BTO with Ian Henderson on a collabora on with scale modelling can guide conserva on ac on to the RSPB to a ach geolocators to Whinchats. We wards suitable regions, fi nescale measurements a ached 20 geolocators to adult male Whinchats will s ll be needed to form reliable detailed ma last breeding season (2016), this year we are ho nagement plans. ping to recatch some of these males to retrieve Border JA, Henderson IG, Hartley IR 2017: Cha the tags. racterising demographic contribu ons to obser- I have also been busy wri ng up my PhD papers. ved popula on change in a declining migrant I have 2 Whinchat papers out since November bird. J Avian Biol. Accepted Author Manuscript. (there are 2 more to come some me in the fu doi:10.1111/jav.01305 ture). Abstract: Popula ons of AfroPalearc c migrant Paper summaries: birds have shown severe declines in recent de cades. To iden fy the causes of these declines, Border JA, Henderson IG, Redhead JW, Hartley accurate measures of both demographic rates IR 2016: Habitat selec on by breeding Whin (seasonal produc vity, apparent survival, immig chats Saxicola rubetra at territory and lands ra on) and environmental parameters will allow cape scales. Ibis. doi: 10.1111/ibi.12433. conserva on and research ac ons to be targe Or see this blog post about the paper: h ps:// ted eff ec vely. We used detailed observa ons of www.bou.org.uk/borderwhinchathabitat/ marked breeding birds from a ‘stronghold’ popu Abstract: In order to effi ciently focus conserva la on of Whinchats Saxicola rubetra in England on ac on we need to iden fy strongholds of (stable against the declining European trend) to habitat that s ll exist. Habitat preferences and reveal both onsite and external mechanisms areas of suitable habitat can be determined from that contribute to popula on change. From fi eld fi nescale habitat sampling and corresponding data, a popula on model was developed based surveys of species abundance. However, this on demographic rates from 2011 to 2014. Ob method is too expensive and me consuming to served popula on trends were compared to the conduct over extensive areas or in very remo predicted popula on trends to assess modelac te loca ons. If we can use freely available large curacy and the infl uence of outside factors, such scale data to model species distribu ons there as immigra on. The sensi vity of the projected is a poten al to cover a much larger area for a popula on growth rate to rela ve change in each frac on of the cost and me. In order to explo demographic rate was also explored. Against ex- re the pros and cons of landscape scale data in pecta ons of high produc vity, we iden fi ed more detail, we inves gated habitat selec on in low seasonal breeding success due to nocturnal breeding Whinchats, Saxicola rubetra. We aimed preda on and low apparent fi rst-year survival, to determine which habitat features were most which led to a projected popula on growth rate strongly associated with Whinchat occurrence at of 0.818, indica ng a declining trend. However, each scale and to explore the consistency in pre this trend was not refl ected in the census counts, 91 WhinCHAT I Border - Whinchat work in the UK 2016/17 Fig. 1: Male Whinchat tagged with a geolocator in Salisbury Plain (Photo: © J. BORDER). sugges ng that high immigra on was probab ornithological society annual report. ly responsible for buff ering against this decline. Will Cresswell Elas city analysis indicated was most sensi ve Will Cresswell currently has a paper on Whinchat to changes in adult survival but with covariance connec vity in review. His team have published between demographic rates accounted for, was the following papers on Whinchats over the last most sensi ve to changes in produc vity. Our couple of years: study demonstrates that high quality breeding habitat can buff er against popula on decline but Blackburn E, Burgess M, Freeman B, Risely high immigra on and low produc vity will expo A, Izang A, Ivande S, Hewson C, Cresswell W se even such stronghold popula ons to poten al 2016: An experimental evalua on of the eff ects decline or abandonment if either factor is unsus of geolocator design and a achment method tainable. First-year survival also appeared low, on betweenyear survival on whinchats Saxicola however this result is poten ally confounded by rubetra. Journal of Avian Biology 47, 530539. high natal dispersal. First-year survival and/or di Abstract: Data from loca on logging tags have spersal remains a signifi cant knowledge gap that revolu onised our understanding of migra on poten ally undermines local solu ons aimed at ecology, but methods of tagging that do not com counterac ng low produc vity. promise survival need to be iden fi ed. We com Other ar cles: pared resigh ng rates for 156 geolocatortagged and 316 colour ringedonly Whinchats on their A 2 page ar cle in the Sanctuary military maga African wintering grounds a er migra on to and zine (p6465, available at: h ps://www.gov.uk/ from eastern Europe in two separate years. We government/uploads/system/uploads/attach- experimentally varied both light stalk length ment_data/fi le/576010/sanctuary_45_2016_re- (0,5 and 10 mm) and harness material (elas c or duced.pdf ) nonelas c nylon braid ed on, legloop ‘Rappo And there will be an ar cle appearing in Wiltshire le’ harnesses) in the second year using a reaso 92 WhinchatWhinCHAT 2016 I / 1 Siering - ToleranceBorder about - Whinchat woody densities, work in the reeds UK and 2016/17 paths nably balanced design (all tags in the fi rst year rather than higher winter mortality of individuals used an elas c harness and 10 mm light stalk). with shorter residency. Our results suggest that Tags weighed 0.63 g (0.01 SE), represen ng 4.1% mortality occurs primarily outside the winte of average body mass. There was no overall signi ring period, probably during migra on, and that fi cant reduc on in betweenyear resigh ng rate wintering condi ons have minimal infl uence on (our proxy for survival) comparing tagged and survival. The similarity between survival rates for untagged birds in either year. When comparing all age and sex classes when measured on the within tagged birds, however, using a ed har- wintering grounds implies that any diff erence in ness signifi cantly reduced resigh ng rate by 53% survival with age or sex occurs only during the on average compared to using an elas c harness fi rst migra on or during the post-fl edging stage, (in all models), but stalk length eff ects were not and that selec on of wintering habitat, or terri sta s cally signifi cant in any model considered. tory quality, makes li le diff erence to survival in There was no strong evidence that the fi t (rela Whinchats. Our fi ndings suggest that the winte ve ghtness) or added tag mass aff ected survi ring grounds do not limit popula ons as much val, although ed tags were fi ed more ghtly as the migratory and breeding stages, with im later in the study, and birds fi ed with ed tags plica ons for the conserva on of declining Afro later may have had lower survival. Overall, on a Palaearc c migrants more widely. precau onary principle, deploying tags with non Blackburn E, Cresswell W 2015. High winter site elas c ed harnesses should be avoided because fi delity in a longdistance migrant: implica ons the necessary fi t, so as not to reduce survival, is for wintering ecology and survival es mates. J. meconsuming to achieve and does not neces Ornithol. 157, 93108. sarily improve with experience. Geolocator tags of the recommended percentage of body mass Abstract: The decision for a migratory animal to fi ed with elas c legloop harnesses and with be site faithful in its nonbreeding season has short light stalks can be used without survival ef- profound implica ons for migratory connec - fects in small longdistance migrant birds. vity, resilience to winter habitat loss and popu la on dynamics through carryover eff ects on Blackburn E, Cresswell W 2016: High within future breeding success and fi tness. Knowledge winter and annual survival rates in a declining of the temporal and spa al scale of site fi delity AfroPalaearc c migrantory bird suggest that and dispersal is also central to accurate survival wintering condi ons do not limit popula ons. es mates. We established the observed spa al Ibis 158, 92105. and temporal scale of site fi delity and the abi Abstract: For migratory birds, it is necessary to lity to detect smallscale dispersal within and es mate annual and overwinter survival rates, between years for a wintering longdistance Pa iden fy factors that infl uence survival, and as learc c migrant, the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra, sess whether survival varies with age and sex if by comparing predicted and observed detec on we are to understand popula on dynamics and rates within the study site.
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