Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire Northern Site

Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase,

Hampshire

Northern Site

Archaeological Evaluation

for Bargate Homes Ltd.

CA Project: 770559b

CA Report: 17393b

July 2017

Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 770559b CA Report: 17393b

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 10-7-17 Joe Whelan Ray Internal General Edit Richard Kennedy Review Greatorex

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 4

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 6

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 6

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-6) ...... 7

6. THE FINDS ...... 8

7. DISCUSSION ...... 8

8. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 8

9. REFERENCES ...... 9

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 10 APPENDIX B THE FINDS ...... 11

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 12

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Figure 2 Trench location plan (1:1,000) Figure 3 General Working Photograph

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Land North of Forest Road, Location: Waltham Chase, Hampshire NGR: 456433 115471 Type: Evaluation Date: 3 – 5 July 2017 Planning Reference: 15/0116/OUT Location of Archive: Hampshire Cultural Trust Site Code: WALT 17

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in July 2017 on land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire. Thirteen trenches were excavated.

The trenches were distributed across the proposed development in order to assess the archaeological potential across as wide an area as possible. All of the trenches were archaeologically sterile other than a single piece of worked flint and a small sherd of prehistoric pottery which were recovered from the topsoil of Trenches 29 and 33.

No archaeological finds, features or deposits were found within the remaining trenches, which is indicative of the low archaeological potential of the site as per the archaeological background.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In July 2017 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Bargate Homes Ltd. on land north of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire (centred at NGR: 456433 115471; Figure 1).

1.2 Planning permission (ref: 15/01106/OUT) was granted by Winchester City Council (hereafter referred to as local planning authority abbreviated to LPA) for the development of 81 residential dwellings and associated works located over two separate sites to the north and south of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire (Figures 1 and 2), conditional on a programme of archaeological work:

Condition 12 No development/demolition or site preparation shall take place until the applicant or their agents or successors in title has secured the implementation of a programme of archaeological mitigation work (to include an initial phase of evaluation trenching) in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation that has been submitted to and approved by the local planning authority in writing. No demolition/development or site preparation shall take place other than in accordance with the Written Scheme of Investigation approved by the LPA. The Written Scheme of Investigation shall include:

1. The programme and methodology of site investigation and recording 2. Provision for post investigation assessment, reporting and dissemination 3. Provision to be made for deposition of the analysis and records of the site investigation (archive) 4. Nomination of a competent person or persons/organisation to undertake the works set out within the Written Scheme of Investigation.

Condition 13

Following completion of archaeological fieldwork a report will be produced in accordance with an approved programme including where appropriate post- excavation assessment, specialist analysis and reports and publication.

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation

1.3 The fieldwork was undertaken in two separate phases on land both to the north and to the south of Forest Road. This report details the results of the northern evaluation.

1.4 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2017) and approved by Tracey Matthews, Archaeologist at the Historic Environment Team, Winchester City Council. The fieldwork followed Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014).

The site

1.5 The proposed development is situated immediately to the east of the village of Waltham Chase, and approximately 1.7km to the south of Bishop’s Waltham. The development comprises land to the north of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire.

1.6 The northern site is approximately 1.5ha in area and currently comprises a single pasture field, subdivided into three paddocks by wooden fences. The site boundaries are a mixture of wooden fence and hedgerows. A modern residential development bounds the site to the west, whilst agricultural fields lay to the north and east. Forest Road lies along the southern boundary. A timber built stable block and a small area of hard standing are situated to the south-western aspect of the site.

1.8 The British Geological Survey indicates several bedrock deposits underlie the site. To the north and south London clay formation is present, while Bognor sand member is located in the central area. Each of these deposits formed during the Palaeogene period, approximately 34-56 million years ago. No superficial deposits are recorded in the site areas (BGS 2017). The natural bedrock revealed during the

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 The archaeological background given below is a succinct summary of the archaeological background taken from a Heritage Statement prepared for the site by Cotswold Archaeology (CA 2015).

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation

Prehistoric (pre-AD 43) 2.2 Within the wider environs of the site, find spots of worked flint have been recovered from The Dean (c.1.3km to the north), and Sandy Lane (c.1.2km to the south). More comprehensive evidence of Mesolithic occupation, including pits and a flint working surface, has been identified at Palace Stables in Bishop Waltham (c. 2.1km to the north-west).

2.3 Remains dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods are limited to isolated find spots, including a Neolithic flint axe found at Shedfield (c.700m to the south), and an Early Bronze Age axe and pottery sherds recovered to the south-west c.830m from sites. A single flake of unspecified date was recovered from the Northbrook Nitrates pipeline route. In the wider landscape, Bronze Age funerary activity is represented by two scheduled bowl barrows at Hoe Farm (NHLE ref. 1013078- c. 1.7km to the north of the site), while a further barrow is located at Little Shore lane, (c. 1.8km to the north-west).

Romano-British (AD 43 - AD 410) 2.4 During the Roman period the area fell into the wider rural hinterland of Venta Belgarum (Winchester), and was dissected by a network of Roman roads. The course of a Roman road which connects Wickham to Venta Belgarum (c. 1.5km to west) is likely a key influence in the development of local rural settlement patterns. A possible villa is located at Locks Farm (c. 1.6km to the north/west), and a coin hoard was recovered at Forest Farm (c. 820m to the north-west of the site). A further collection of coins, possibly deriving from the aforementioned hoard, has been found at Mill house directly north of the site.

Early medieval (AD 410 – AD 1066) and medieval (AD 1066 – 1539). 2.5 No early medieval activity is recorded in close proximity to the site, with the nearest documented settlement in this period located at Bishop’s Waltham (c. 1.7km to the north of the sites), which originated as a monastic establishment, and continued to be a focal point for the area throughout the medieval period. The deer park associated with Bishop’s Waltham recorded in the Domesday Survey extended to the south and west of Bishops place situated (c. 570m from the sites’ boundary) and survives in places as a bank and ditch. The site of a medieval gibbet (execution site) has been located c. 550m to the north of the site. Spencer Place, designated as a Grade II listed building, is also medieval in date.

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation

Post-medieval (AD 1539 – 1800) and modern (AD 1801 – present). 2.6 Post-medieval development is represented predominantly by farmhouses and other buildings, including the Grade II listed Forest Farmhouse (located to north-east). Further post-medieval remains comprise traces of post-medieval ridge and furrow or drainage features (c. 1km to the north-east) identified on aerial photographs. The sites remained within the unenclosed area of Waltham Chase throughout the post- medieval and early modern periods, with early cartographic sources depict the approximate location of the site within a large wasteland or woodland traversed by a network of roads or track-ways.

Unknown 2.7 A curvilinear feature of uncertain origin has been identified on aerial photographs (c. 730m to the north-west of the sites).

Evaluation South of Forest Road 2.8 In June 2017 Cotswold Archaeology (CA 2017b) undertook an evaluation of land to the south of the present site as part of the same proposed development. A total of nineteen 30m long trenches were excavated. No archaeological features, finds or deposits were recorded.

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the evaluation are to provide information about the archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality. In accordance with Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2017), the evaluation has been designed to be minimally intrusive and minimally destructive to archaeological remains. The information gathered will enable the Winchester City Council to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012).

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 The fieldwork within the northern field comprised the excavation of 13 trenches measuring 30m in length by 1.9m in width in the locations shown on the attached

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation

plan (Figure 2). Trench 25 was moved slightly to the west to avoid a wooden fence and Trench 30 was repositioned due to onsite conditions, with the approval of Tracey Matthews. Trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual.

4.2 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first.

4.3 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites and no deposits were identified that required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation.

4.4 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Andover. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will be deposited with Hampshire Cultural Trust along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIGURES 2-6)

5.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and finds are to be found in Appendices A and B. The trenches in the northern fields were numbered from 21 – 33.

5.2 Yellow/brown clay/silt topsoil with an average depth of 0.25m was present across all trenches and directly overlay the natural substrate, yellow/brown clay with localised patches of blue grey clay. The only exception was Trench 30, located to the north of the site, which contained a yellow/brown clay/sand.

5.3 A number of trenches contained modern ceramic field drains, otherwise no archaeological features or deposits were encountered within any of the trenches.

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material recovered from the evaluation is listed in Appendix B and discussed further below.

Pottery 6.2 A single fragment (1g) of pottery was recorded from topsoil deposit 2900. The bodysherd occurs in a fine flint-tempered fabric, with frequent tufa and ironstone inclusions. It is of probable prehistoric date, but is too fragmentary to identify further.

Other finds 6.3 A single item of prehistoric worked flint, a flake (34g) that cannot be closely dated, was recovered from topsoil deposit 3300.

7. DISCUSSION

7.1 No archaeological features were encountered within any of the thirteen evaluation trenches. The heavy clay geology along with moisture loving vegetation (dominated by common rush) suggests this parcel of land is likely to have been seasonally waterlogged / wet, these factors may explain the absence of archaeological features on site.

7.2 Only two artefacts were recovered from the whole evaluation, a flint flake and a fragment of prehistoric pottery were recovered as stray topsoil finds. Whilst no features were observed in any of the trenches the finds do confirm a low level prehistoric presence within the wider landscape.

8. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Steve Bush and Joe Whelan, assisted by Bethany Pratt. The report was written by Joe Whelan. The finds reports were written by Katie Marsden. The illustrations were prepared by Aleksandra Osinska. The archive has been compiled and prepared for deposition by Zoe Emery. The project was managed for CA by Ray Kennedy.

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation

9. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 10 July 2017

Cotswold Archaeology (CA), 2015, Land North and South of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire: Heritage Desk-Based Assessment, CA Report No.770200

CA, 2017a, Land North and South of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Watching Brief

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2017b Land South of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Southern Site: Archaeological Evaluation, CA Report No.17393a

DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Cxt Type Interpre- Context Description Length Width Depth No tation (m) (m) (m)

21 2100 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.28

21 2101 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.28+ grey lens. Compact.

22 2200 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.22

22 2201 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.22+ grey lens. Compact.

23 2300 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.15

23 2301 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.15+ grey lens. Compact.

24 2400 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.16

24 2401 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.16+ grey lens. Compact.

25 2500 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.25

25 2501 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.25+ grey lens. Compact.

26 2600 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.37

26 2601 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.37+ grey lens. Compact.

27 2700 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.28

27 2701 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.28+ grey lens. Compact.

28 2800 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.27

28 2801 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.27+ grey lens. Compact.

29 2900 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.32

29 2901 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.32+ grey lens. Compact.

30 3000 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey sand 30 1.90 0-0.32

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation

30 3001 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clayey sand. Firm. 30 1.85 0.28+

31 3100 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.18

31 3101 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.18+ grey lens. Compact.

32 3200 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.20

32 3201 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.20+ grey lens. Compact.

33 3300 Layer Topsoil Yellow brown clayey silt 30 1.90 0-0.21

33 3301 Deposit Natural Yellowish brown clay with blue 30 1.85 0.21+ grey lens. Compact.

APPENDIX B THE FINDS

Table 1: finds concordance

Context Class Description Ct. Wt.(g) Spot-date 2900 Prehistoric pottery Fine flint-tempered 1 1 Prehistoric 3300 Flint Flake 1 34

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire Short description An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in July 2017 on land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire. Thirteen trenches were excavated.

No archaeological finds, features or deposits were found within the remaining trenches, which is indicative of the low archaeological potential of the site as per the archaeological background.

Project dates Project type Field evaluation

Previous work Evaluation immediately to south by Cotswold Archaeology 2017

Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire Study area (M2/ha) 1.5ha Site co-ordinates 456433 115471

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Ray Kennedy Project Supervisor Joe Whelan MONUMENT TYPE none SIGNIFICANT FINDS none PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content (e.g. pottery, animal bone etc)

Physical Hampshire Cultural Trust Flint & ceramic

Paper Hampshire Cultural Trust Context sheets registers etc Digital Hampshire Cultural Trust Database, digital photos BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2017 Land North of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Northern Site: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 17393b

13 4 455000 4 456000 4 457000 4 458000 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 8

111800018000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

111700017000

111600016000

NorthernNorthern SiteSite

111500015000 SouthernSouthern SSiteite

111400014000

111300013000

N Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 WILTSHIRE SURREY Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] HAMPSHIRE PROJECT TITLE Land South of Forest Road, Waltham WEST SUSSEX Chase, Hampshire, Southern Site DORSET CITY OF POOLE SOUTHAMPTON FIGURE TITLE Site location plan ISLE OF CITY OF 0 1km BOURNEMOUTH WIGHT PORTSMOUTH FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the digital Ordnance Survey Explorer map with DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 770559 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller CHECKED BY DJB DATE 12/07/2017 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY RK SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 4 456550 4 456600 4 456450 4 456500 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 5 6 4 5 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 Forest Road

TR20TR20 TR18TR18 TR19TR19

Forest Close

111530015300 TTR15R15 TR16TR16

TTR14R14 TR17TR17

111525015250 TR13TR13 TTR10R10

TR11 TTR12R12

TTR9R9

111520015200

TTR4R4 TR7TR7

TR8TR8 Site boundary N Evaluation trench Field drain TR5TR5 Modern feature 111525015250 1:1000 TR3 TR6 050m

Reproduced from the digital Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109

Andover 01264 347630 TTR2R2 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land South of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Southern Site

FIGURE TITLE Trench location plan

DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 770559 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 12/07/2017 APPROVED BY RK SCALE@A4 1:1000 2 Working shot of the Southern Site Working shot of the Southern Site

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] Working shot of the Southern Site Working shot of the Southern Site PROJECT TITLE Land South of Forest Road, Waltham Chase, Hampshire, Southern Site

FIGURE TITLE Photographs

DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 770559 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 12/07/2017 APPROVED BY RK SCALE@A3 NA 3