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Vikingové - Běžný Život Na Severu Evropy Od 8

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Vikingové - Běžný Život Na Severu Evropy Od 8 ZÁPADOČESKÁ UNIVERZITA V PLZNI FAKULTA PEDAGOGICKÁ KATEDRA HISTORIE VIKINGOVÉ - BĚŽNÝ ŽIVOT NA SEVERU EVROPY OD 8. – 11. STOLETÍ BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE Tomáš Hošek Historie se zaměřením na vzdělávání Vedoucí práce: PaedDr. Helena Východská Plzeň, 2016 Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně s použitím uvedené literatury a zdrojů informací. Plzeň, 25. dubna 2016 ……………………………. vlastnoruční podpis Na tomto místě bych chtěl poděkovat PaedDr. Heleně Východské za cenné rady, konstruktivní připomínky a velkou dávku trpělivosti při odborném vedení mé práce. Dále děkuji kamarádce Tereze Hromádkové za pomoc při shánění zdrojů a překladu z anglického jazyka, a také celé mé rodině za podporu. Abstrakt (čeština) Práce je rozdělena do dvou částí. První část nazvaná Běžný život na severu Evropy v době vikinské (8. – 11. století) je zaměřena na aspekty běžného života a způsob myšlení vikinské společnosti. Druhá část, Odraz vikinského života a kultury v dnešním světě, je věnována pronikání vikinské tematiky do moderní kultury, a dále dalším kulturním pozůstatkům, které se objevují všude kolem nás. V průběhu celé práce je kladen důraz na přehlednost a systematičnost. Součástí bádání byl kromě studia literatury také terénní výzkum a průzkum trhu. K práci je rovněž přiložen slovníček pojmů a obrazová příloha. Abstract (english) The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The first part called Daily Life in Northern Europe in the Viking Period (8th – 11th century) is focused on aspects of the daily life and the way of thinking of the viking society. The second part, Reflection of the Viking Lifestyle and Culture in the Contemporary World, is dedicated to spreading of the viking theme to the modern culture, further to another culture remnants that still appear all around us. The emphasis on the clear arrangement and systematic character is seen throughout of this text. The thesis includes also the field and market research. Furthermore, there is a dictionary and a picture supplement. Obsah 1. Úvod .............................................................................................................................................. 10 2. Běžný život na severu Evropy v době vikinské (8.-11. století) ....................................................... 12 2.1. Organizace společnosti .......................................................................................................... 12 2.2. Rodina .................................................................................................................................... 15 2.3. Děti ........................................................................................................................................ 16 2.4. Demografická specifika ......................................................................................................... 17 2.5. Psychologie Vikinga ............................................................................................................... 18 2.6. Hygiena a Vzhled ................................................................................................................... 19 2.6.1. Hygiena .......................................................................................................................... 19 2.7. Odívání ................................................................................................................................... 22 2.8. Lékařství a léčitelství ............................................................................................................. 24 2.8.1. Léčebná božstva ............................................................................................................ 25 2.9. Náboženství ........................................................................................................................... 26 2.10. Lidová slovesnost ............................................................................................................... 30 2.10.1. Pohádkový odkaz ........................................................................................................... 30 2.11. Věštění a magie ................................................................................................................. 31 2.11.1. Věštby ze snů ................................................................................................................. 32 2.11.2. Věštění z run .................................................................................................................. 33 2.11.3. Magie ............................................................................................................................. 33 2.11.3.1.Galdr ............................................................................................................................ 33 2.11.3.2. Seidr ............................................................................................................................ 34 2.11.4. Dísablót .......................................................................................................................... 35 2.11.5. Vánoce ........................................................................................................................... 35 2.12. Válka a boj ......................................................................................................................... 37 2.12.1. Vikinské lodě .................................................................................................................. 40 2.13. Obchod .............................................................................................................................. 41 2.14. Severský systém měr a vah ............................................................................................... 42 2.14.1. Váhový systém ............................................................................................................... 43 2.14.2. Mince ............................................................................................................................. 43 2.14.3. Vikinské plošné míry ...................................................................................................... 43 2.14.4. Míry objemové .............................................................................................................. 43 2.15. Vzdělanost a mudrosloví ................................................................................................... 44 2.15.1. Hávamál ......................................................................................................................... 44 2.15.2. Mudrosloví ..................................................................................................................... 44 2.15.2.1. Autorské mudrosloví .................................................................................................. 45 2.15.2.2. Anonymní mudrosloví ................................................................................................ 46 2.15.3. Přísloví ........................................................................................................................... 47 2.15.4. Písmo ............................................................................................................................. 48 2.16. Vikinské umění .................................................................................................................. 49 2.17. Právní systém Vikingů ........................................................................................................ 50 2.18. Potraviny a příprava pokrmů ............................................................................................. 51 2.18.1. Příprava pokrmů ............................................................................................................ 52 2.19. Zemědělství ....................................................................................................................... 53 2.20. Města ................................................................................................................................. 55 2.20.1. Obrana a pevnosti ......................................................................................................... 55 2.20.2. Tradiční islandská architektura ...................................................................................... 56 2.20.3. Domy ............................................................................................................................. 58 3. Odraz vikinského života a kultury v dnešním světě....................................................................... 63 3.1. Literatura ............................................................................................................................... 64 3.1.1. Tore Kvæven - Drsný je zákon mé země ........................................................................ 64 3.1.2. Terry Deary - Darební Vikingové ................................................................................... 65 3.1.3. Robert Low – Přísežná sága (Oathsworn saga).............................................................. 65 3.1.4. Giles Kristian – Havran (trilogie) .................................................................................... 66 3.1.5. J.R.R. Tolkien – Hobit a Pán Prstenů, Píseň o Sigurdovi a Gudrún… ............................. 67 3.1.6. Jakub Ćwiek - Lhář ......................................................................................................... 68 3.2. Film .......................................................................................................................................
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