DOCSLIB.ORG

Evidence from Isotopic and Incompatible Element Ratios F

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evidence from Isotopic and Incompatible Element Ratios F Origin of depleted components in basalt related to the Hawaiian hotspot: evidence from isotopic and incompatible element ratios F. A. Frey, S. Huang, Janne Blichert-Toft, M. Regelous, Maud Boyet To cite this version: F. A. Frey, S. Huang, Janne Blichert-Toft, M. Regelous, Maud Boyet. Origin of depleted components in basalt related to the Hawaiian hotspot: evidence from isotopic and incompatible element ratios. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, AGU and the Geochemical Society, 2005, 6, pp.Q02L07. 10.1029/2004GC000757. hal-00102122 HAL Id: hal-00102122 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00102122 Submitted on 13 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Article Geochemistry 3 Volume 6, Number 1 Geophysics 26 February 2005 Q02L07, doi:10.1029/2004GC000757 GeosystemsG G ISSN: 1525-2027 AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF THE EARTH SCIENCES Published by AGU and the Geochemical Society Origin of depleted components in basalt related to the Hawaiian hot spot: Evidence from isotopic and incompatible element ratios F. A. Frey and S. Huang Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA ([email protected]) J. Blichert-Toft Ecole Normale Supe´rieure de Lyon, 69364, Lyon Cedex 7, France M. Regelous Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Max Planck-Institut fu¨r Chemie, Postfach 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany M. Boyet Ecole Normale Supe´rieure de Lyon, 69364, Lyon Cedex 7, France [1] The radiogenic isotopic ratios of Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb in basaltic lavas associated with major hot spots, such as Hawaii, document the geochemical heterogeneity of their mantle source. What processes created such heterogeneity? For Hawaiian lavas there has been extensive discussion of geochemically enriched source components, but relatively little attention has been given to the origin of depleted source components, that is, components with the lowest 87Sr/86Sr and highest 143Nd/144Nd and 176Hf/177Hf. The surprisingly important role of a depleted component in the source of the incompatible element-enriched, rejuvenated-stage Hawaiian lavas is well known. A depleted component also contributed significantly to the 76–81 Ma lavas erupted at Detroit Seamount in the Emperor Seamount Chain. In both cases, major involvement of MORB-related depleted asthenosphere or lithosphere has been proposed. Detroit Seamount and rejuvenated-stage lavas, however, have important isotopic differences from most Pacific MORB. Specifically, they define trends to relatively unradiogenic Pb isotope ratios, and most Emperor Seamount lavas define a steep trend of 176Hf/177Hf versus 143Nd/144Nd. In addition, lavas from Detroit Seamount and recent rejuvenated- stage lavas have relatively high Ba/Th, a characteristic of lavas associated with the Hawaiian hot spot. It is possible that a depleted component, intrinsic to the hot spot, has contributed to these young and old lavas related to the Hawaiian hot spot. The persistence of such a component over 80 Myr is consistent with a long-lived source, i.e., a plume. Components: 11,586 words, 8 figures, 4 tables. Keywords: Emperor Seamounts; Hawaiian hot spot; Hf isotopic ratio; mantle heterogeneity. Index Terms: 1040 Geochemistry: Radiogenic isotope geochemistry; 1025 Geochemistry: Composition of the mantle; 1065 Geochemistry: Major and trace element geochemistry; 1212 Geodesy and Gravity: Earth’s interior: composition and state (7207, 7208, 8105, 8124); 9355 Geographic Location: Pacific Ocean. Received 10 May 2004; Revised 13 November 2004; Accepted 24 November 2004; Published 26 February 2005. Frey, F. A., S. Huang, J. Blichert-Toft, M. Regelous, and M. Boyet (2005), Origin of depleted components in basalt related to the Hawaiian hot spot: Evidence from isotopic and incompatible element ratios, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q02L07, doi:10.1029/2004GC000757. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union 1 of 23 Geochemistry 3 frey et al.: depleted components in basalt Geophysics 10.1029/2004GC000757 Geosystems G ———————————— Theme: Movement, Dynamics and Geochemical Evolution of the Hawaiian Hot Spot Guest Editors: R. Duncan, J. A. Tarduno, D. Scholl, and T. Davies 1. Introduction is geochemically heterogeneous. The scale of this heterogeneity is reflected by geochemical vari- [2] The diverse geochemical characteristics of ability within an individual Hawaiian volcano. 87 86 143 144 ocean island basalt (OIB) commonly attributed to For example, Sr/ Sr decreases and Nd/ Nd mantle plumes, such as Iceland, Galapagos and increases as Haleakala Volcanoevolved from shield- Hawaii, reflect, in part, processes that create geo- stage to postshield-stage volcanism [Chen and Frey, chemical heterogeneity in the mantle. For example, 1985]. Furthermore at a given Hawaiian volcano, 87 86 geochemical data for such OIB have been used to rejuvenated-stage lavas have the lowest Sr/ Sr 143 144 argue that their mantle sources include materials and highest Nd/ Nd. An important aspect of this recycled into the mantle at subduction zones, i.e., temporal trend is the role of MORB-related depleted sediments, upper and lower igneous crust and components, i.e., asthenospheric source of MORB lithospheric mantle [e.g., Lassiter and Hauri, or oceanic lithosphere. Since rejuvenated-stage 1998; Blichert-Toft et al., 1999; Chauvel and lavas erupt after a volcano has migrated away from He´mond, 2000; Skovgaard et al., 2001; Niu and the hot spot, a common interpretation [e.g., Chen O’Hara, 2003]. Although the origin of enriched and Frey, 1985; Yang et al., 2003] is that MORB- components, commonly referred to as EM1, EM2 related asthenosphere or lithosphere was a source and HIMU, in OIB has been discussed extensively component. [e.g., Zindler and Hart, 1986; Hart, 1988; Hofmann, [5] Studies of drill core from Detroit Seamount, 1997], the equally important role of depleted com- a 76–81 Ma volcanic complex in the northern ponents in OIB has received less attention. Com- Emperor Seamount Chain [Duncan and Keller, pared to primitive mantle, depleted components 2004] document another example of a depleted have relatively low 87Sr/86Sr, high 143Nd/144Nd 176 177 source component in lavas attributed to the and high Hf/ Hf. Hawaiian hot spot [Keller et al., 2000; Regelous [3] There has been controversy about the origin of et al., 2003; Huang et al., 2005]. On the basis of depleted components in OIB. For Iceland, Hanan the proximity of Detroit Seamount to a spreading et al. [2000] argued that the depleted component is ridge axis at 80 Ma, two alternative hypotheses ‘‘the usual surrounding depleted MORB mantle have been proposed. Keller et al. [2000] pro- source’’ (MORB designates mid-ocean ridge ba- posed that MORB volcanism at the spreading salt). Recent papers, however, have emphasized ridge dominated the magma flux originating from geochemical differences between North Atlantic the hot spot. In contrast Regelous et al. [2003] MORB and depleted Icelandic lavas. For example, emphasized that the trend to unradiogenic Pb Thirlwall [1995], Kerr et al. [1995], Chauvel and isotopic ratios in Detroit Seamount lavas is He´mond [2000], Kempton et al. [2000], Skovgaard unlike that of most Pacific MORB; they inferred et al. [2001], Fitton et al. [2003], and Thirlwall et that melting of a depleted plume component was al. [2004] all conclude that a depleted component facilitated by plume ascent beneath young and is intrinsic to the Iceland plume. The origin of the thin oceanic lithosphere. Using geochemical data depleted component expressed in lavas from the for lavas from newly drilled sites on Detroit Galapagos Islands has also been debated. For Seamount, Huang et al. [2005] evaluated these example, Blichert-Toft and White [2001] concluded alternative hypotheses. They concurred with that ‘‘the Galapagos depleted component is so Regelous et al. [2003] that Pb isotopic data for lavas from Detroit Seamount define a trend to compositionally similar to the depleted upper man- 206 204 tle that it seems most likely that it is depleted upper low Pb/ Pb that does not overlap with the mantle.’’ In contrast, Hoernle et al. [2000, Figure 4] field of Pacific MORB. However, Huang et al. [2005] noted that lavas erupted within the Garrett proposed that the depleted component is related to 0 the Galapagos plume. transform fault at 13°28 S on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) have lower Pb isotope ratios than the [4] Like the mantle sources of Icelandic and most extreme lavas from Detroit Seamount. Galapagos lavas, the source of Hawaiian lavas Hence a suitably unradiogenic Pb component is 2of23 Geochemistry 3 frey et al.: depleted components in basalt Geophysics 10.1029/2004GC000757 Geosystems G Figure 1. Map showing volcanoes along the Emperor Seamount Chain (eruption ages within parentheses). Inset shows the Hawaiian Islands and locations of rejuvenated-stage and North Arch lavas that have been analyzed for Hf isotopic ratios. Figure is modified from Dixon and Clague [2001] and Regelous et al. [2003] by adding Ar-Ar
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Relationships of the Hawaiian Honeycreepers (Drepaninini) As Indicated by Dna-Dna Hybridization
    THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPERS (DREPANININI) AS INDICATED BY DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION CH^RrES G. SIBLEY AND Jo• E. AHLQUIST Departmentof Biologyand PeabodyMuseum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ABSTRACT.--Twenty-twospecies of Hawaiian honeycreepers(Fringillidae: Carduelinae: Drepaninini) are known. Their relationshipsto other groups of passefineswere examined by comparing the single-copyDNA sequencesof the Apapane (Himationesanguinea) with those of 5 speciesof carduelinefinches, 1 speciesof Fringilla, 15 speciesof New World nine- primaried oscines(Cardinalini, Emberizini, Thraupini, Parulini, Icterini), and members of 6 other families of oscines(Turdidae, Monarchidae, Dicaeidae, Sylviidae, Vireonidae, Cor- vidae). The DNA-DNA hybridization data support other evidence indicating that the Hawaiian honeycreepersshared a more recent common ancestorwith the cardue!ine finches than with any of the other groupsstudied and indicate that this divergenceoccurred in the mid-Miocene, 15-20 million yr ago. The colonizationof the Hawaiian Islandsby the ancestralspecies that radiated to produce the Hawaiian honeycreeperscould have occurredat any time between 20 and 5 million yr ago. Becausethe honeycreeperscaptured so many ecologicalniches, however, it seemslikely that their ancestor was the first passefine to become established in the islands and that it arrived there at the time of, or soon after, its separationfrom the carduelinelineage. If so, this colonist arrived before the present islands from Hawaii to French Frigate Shoal were formed by the volcanic"hot-spot" now under the island of Hawaii. Therefore,the ancestral drepaninine may have colonizedone or more of the older Hawaiian Islandsand/or Emperor Seamounts,which also were formed over the "hot-spot" and which reachedtheir present positions as the result of tectonic crustal movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Indications of Hotspot Movement
    Indications of Hotspot Movement The prominent bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor hotspot chain has previously been attributed to a significant change in the motion of the Pacific plate. The magnitude of a shift in plate motion large enough to create the bend present in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain would likely be present in other deposits in the pacific, which due to recent mapping of magnetic anomalies has not been observed. This leads to the hypothesis that the Hawaiian hotspot as well as the Pacific plate may be in motion. “One approach to examine hotspot fixity is to determine the age and paleolatitude of volcanoes that form a given hotspot track. For the Hawaiian hotspot, the paleolatitudes of extinct volcanic edifices of the Emperor chain should match the present-day latitude of Hawaii (~19º N) if the hotspot has remained fixed with respect to Earth's spin axis. The most reliable indicators of paleolatitude are basaltic rocks, but enough time must be spanned by any section such that geomagnetic secular variation is sampled. Recovery of such samples requires ocean drilling technology, and only a few seamounts have been sampled to date. Paleomagnetic analyses of 81-million-year-old basalt recovered from Detroit Seamount (Site 884) yielded a paleolatitude of ~36° N (10) that is discordant with Hawaii. Data from ~61 million-year-old basalt (9) from Suiko Seamount define a paleolatitude of 27° N (11). These data suggest that the Emperor Seamounts record southward motion of the hotspot plume in the mantle (10).” The Ocean Drilling Program(ODP) tested several seamounts in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain for paleolatitude data.
    [Show full text]
  • Viagra Online Price
    ISSN 8755-6839 SCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS Journal of Tsunami Society International Volume 31 Number 3 2012 TSUNAMI PROPAGATION OVER THE NORTH PACIFIC: DISPERSIVE AND NONDISPERSIVE MODELS 154 1 2 3 Juan Horrillo , William Knight , Zygmunt Kowalik 1 Texas A&M University at Galveston (TAMUG), USA 2 West Coast/AlaskaTsunami Warning Center, Palmer, Alaska, USA 3 Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK. 99775, USA CATASTROPHIC FLANK COLLAPSE ON TA’U ISLAND AND SUBSEQUENT TSUNAMI: HAS THIS OCCURRED DURING THE LAST 170 YEARS? 178 Shaun Williams, Tim Davies and Jim Cole Natural Hazards Research Centre, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND THE 2010 CHILEAN TSUNAMI: BEHAVIOR ON THE ECUADORIAN COAST AND THE GALAPAGOS 199 H. Moreano1, P. Arreaga2 and J. Nath3 1Instituto de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Centro de Estudios Integrales del Ambiente. Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, La Libertad, EQUADOR 2Laboratorio de Tsunamis. Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, EQUADOR 3Departamento de Hidrografía, Sección Mareas. Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, EQUADOR POTENTIAL OF TSUNAMI GENERATION ALONG THE COLOMBIA/ECUADOR SUBDUCTION MARGIN AND THE DOLORES-GUAYAQUIL MEGA-THRUST 209 George Pararas-Carayannis -Tsunami Society International. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Copyright © 2012 - TSUNAMI SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL WWW.TSUNAMISOCIETY.ORG 1 TSUNAMI SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, 1741 Ala Moana Blvd. #70, Honolulu, HI 96815, USA. SCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS is a CERTIFIED OPEN ACCESS Journal included in the prestigious international academic journal database DOAJ, maintained by the University of Lund in Sweden with the support of the European Union. SCIENCE OF TSUNAMI HAZARDS is also preserved, archived and disseminated by the National Library, The Hague, NETHERLANDS, the Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA, the Electronic Library of Los Alamos, National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA, the EBSCO Publishing databases and ELSEVIER Publishing in Amsterdam.
    [Show full text]
  • 197 Preliminary Report Motion of the Hawaiian Hotspot: a Paleomagnetic Test
    Leg 197 Preliminary Report Motion of the Hawaiian Hotspot: A Paleomagnetic Test 1 July–27 August 2001 Shipboard Scientific Party Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University 1000 Discovery Drive College Station TX 77845-9547 USA October 2001 PUBLISHER’S NOTES This report was prepared from shipboard files by scientists who participated in the cruise. The report was assembled under time constraints and does not contain all works and findings that will appear in the Initial Reports of the ODP Proceedings. Reference to the whole or to part of this report should be made as follows: Shipboard Scientific Party, 2001. Leg 197 Preliminary Report. ODP Prelim. Rpt., 97 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/prelim/197_prel/197PREL.PDF>. [Cited YYYY-MM-DD] Distribution: Electronic copies of this series may be obtained from the Ocean Drilling Program’s World Wide Web site at http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications. This publication was prepared by the Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, as an account of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program, which is managed by Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. Funding for the program is provided by the following agencies: Australia/Canada/Chinese Taipei/Korea Consortium for Ocean Drilling Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Federal Republic of Germany) European Science Foundation Consortium for Ocean Drilling (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain,
    [Show full text]
  • JOIDES Journal Spring 2003
    Volume 29, No. 1 JOIDES Journal Spring 2003 Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling In this issue: Leg 197 Science Report ODP Leg 199 Investigates the “Greenhouse” Eocene in the Tropical Pacific Ocean Leg 201 Science Report 4.8�S 56 Ma Pelagic red clay SITE 1219 est. Paleolatitude Leg 202 (aeolian dust) RN RP 0 e (fixed hotspot) Science Report n e c o 5 ����� �������� ����� 10 i I M . d ������� ��� ����� 20 i m 4 e n 30 e 3 Paleo- c o i 2 40 M y l Equator r 1 a e 50 O/M e 22 n e � 60 c 2.8 S o g i l 70 O SITE 1220 � e 0.5 N t RN a Early Miocene to l RP 80 0 II 21 ~ SITE 1222 Oligocene e 90 10 I n RP e e 0 n c carbona 1 e tes o e c i n o 100 l M e 12 20 10 o . c � H 4.9 N e o o t g i l IA 110 22 e 30 II . O/M? 20 n 10 O o e d g c y i e l l SITE 1217 o r n g i O o a 120 40 21 l RP z . 30 e l O 0 n � e e t U 1.2 S n d a l 20 e 130 e c 50 . e 40 n 10 o 22 l o n o o e g III . i z l SITE 1221 c o H . n 20 o IB l g 140 O i o RP g l - 20 i 60 t .
    [Show full text]
  • INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of ENTOMOLOGY PSOCOPTERA of the HAWAIIAN ISLANDS Part III. the Endemic Ptycta Complex
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY International Journal of Entomology Vol. 26, no. 1-2: 1-128 29 March Published by Department of Entomology, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Editorial committee: JoAnn M. Tenorio (Senior Editor), G.A. Samuelson & Neal Evenhuis (Co-editors), FJ. Radovsky (Managing Editor), S. Asahina, J.F.G. Clarke, K.C. Emerson, R.G. Fennah, D.E. Hardy, R.A. Harrison, J. Lawrence, H. Levi, T.C. Maa, J. Medler, CD. Michener, W.W. Moss, CW. Sabrosky, J J.H. Szent-Ivany, I.W.B. Thornton, J. van der Vecht, E.C Zimmerman. Devoted to original research on all terrestrial arthropods. Zoogeographic scope is worldwide, with special emphasis on the Pacific Basin and bordering land masses. © 1984 by the Bishop Museum PSOCOPTERA OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS Part III. The endemic Ptycta complex (Psocidae): Systematics, distribution, and evolution Ian W. B. Thornton1 Abstract. A complex of 51 psocopteran species of the genus Ptycta is reported as endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Thirty-nine species are newly described and redescriptions provided for 12 others. Eleven species groups are recognized and characterized, and a key to species groups is provided. A cladogram based on apomorphies of species groups is constructed, and their archi­ pelago distribution is related to this. Analysis of the distribution of the complex shows that the Kauai-Oahu strait has been the greatest barrier to distribution oi Ptycta species in the island group, 2 species groups being confined to Kauai. It is suggested that a section of the genus with a strong synapomorphy, containing 21 species in 5 species groups, arose in recent geological time on the Maui complex of islands; that it derived from a Kauai source; and that it has not been able to reinvade Kauai.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrogenesis of Lavas from Detroit Seamount: Geochemical Differences Between Emperor Chain and Hawaiian Volcanoes
    Edinburgh Research Explorer Petrogenesis of lavas from Detroit Seamount: Geochemical differences between Emperor Chain and Hawaiian volcanoes Citation for published version: Huang, S, Regelous, M, Thordarson, T & Frey, FA 2005, 'Petrogenesis of lavas from Detroit Seamount: Geochemical differences between Emperor Chain and Hawaiian volcanoes', Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol. 6, no. 1, Q01L06, pp. 1-52. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000756 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1029/2004GC000756 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Publisher Rights Statement: Published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems by the American Geophysical Union (2005) General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 Article Geochemistry 3 Volume 6, Number 1 Geophysics 28 January 2005 Q01L06, doi:10.1029/2004GC000756 GeosystemsG G ISSN: 1525-2027 AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF THE EARTH SCIENCES Published by AGU and the Geochemical Society Petrogenesis of lavas from Detroit Seamount: Geochemical differences between Emperor Chain and Hawaiian volcanoes S.
    [Show full text]
  • Figure 4. Snapshots of Kuril Tsunami Development in the Northern Pacific
    C01020 KOWALIK ET AL.: KURIL TSUNAMI, 1 C01020 Figure 4. Snapshots of Kuril tsunami development in the northern Pacific. Large bathymetric features, like Koko Guyot and Hess Rise, scatter tsunami in directions different from the incident direction. Time is given from the tsunami onset. 5of11 C01020 KOWALIK ET AL.: KURIL TSUNAMI, 1 C01020 shown in Figure 6 is related to the second wave group which as we are going to demonstrate arrives from the west. The initial wave as seen from Figure 4 arrives from the northwest and does not travel along the Mendocino Escarpment for any great distance. [15] In the second experiment three waves of 25-min period each and 10 cm amplitude are sent from the northern boundary toward the Mendocino Escarpment (Figure 7b, left). The wave pattern 110 min later is shown in Figure 7b (right). Tsunami waves cross the escarpment without am- plification. The direction of wave propagation seems to play the major role in tsunami enhancement along the Mendocino Escarpment. [16] In the above computations according to Figure 6 we have applied shorter period (16 min) for the wave arriving from the west and longer period for the wave arriving from the north (25 min). Numerical experiments with wave periods from 10 min to 60 min confirmed that the above patterns of wave propagation are independent of the wave period. [17] From Figure 7, one can also appreciate an important property of the energy flux. While the sea level can change sign, the energy flux of the progressive wave is always aligned with the direction of wave front propagation.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence from Isotopic and Incompatible Element Ratios
    Article Geochemistry 3 Volume 6, Number 1 Geophysics 26 February 2005 Q02L07, doi:10.1029/2004GC000757 GeosystemsG G ISSN: 1525-2027 AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF THE EARTH SCIENCES Published by AGU and the Geochemical Society Origin of depleted components in basalt related to the Hawaiian hot spot: Evidence from isotopic and incompatible element ratios F. A. Frey and S. Huang Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA ([email protected]) J. Blichert-Toft Ecole Normale Supe´rieure de Lyon, 69364, Lyon Cedex 7, France M. Regelous Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Max Planck-Institut fu¨r Chemie, Postfach 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany M. Boyet Ecole Normale Supe´rieure de Lyon, 69364, Lyon Cedex 7, France [1] The radiogenic isotopic ratios of Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb in basaltic lavas associated with major hot spots, such as Hawaii, document the geochemical heterogeneity of their mantle source. What processes created such heterogeneity? For Hawaiian lavas there has been extensive discussion of geochemically enriched source components, but relatively little attention has been given to the origin of depleted source components, that is, components with the lowest 87Sr/86Sr and highest 143Nd/144Nd and 176Hf/177Hf. The surprisingly important role of a depleted component in the source of the incompatible element-enriched, rejuvenated-stage Hawaiian lavas is well known. A depleted component also contributed significantly to the 76–81 Ma lavas erupted at Detroit Seamount in the Emperor Seamount Chain. In both cases, major involvement of MORB-related depleted asthenosphere or lithosphere has been proposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Southward Motion of the Hawaiian Hotspot Plume in Earth's Mantle
    The Emperor Seamounts: Southward Motion of the Hawaiian Hotspot Plume in Earth’s Mantle John A. Tarduno,1∗ Robert A. Duncan,2 David W. Scholl,3 Rory D. Cottrell,1 Bernhard Steinberger,4 Thorvaldur Thordarson,5 Bryan C. Kerr,3 Clive R. Neal,6 Fred A. Frey,7 Masayuki Torii,8 Claire Carvallo9 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. 2College of Oceanic and Atmosphere Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. 3Geophysics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 4Institute for Frontier Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Japan. 5Department of Geology and Geophysics/SOEST, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA. 6Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. 7Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. 8Department of Biosphere-Geosphere System Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan. 9Department of Physics, Geophysics Division, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada. ∗To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] The Hawaiian-Emperor hotspot track has a prominent reliable indicators of paleolatitude are basaltic rocks, but bend that has been interpreted to record a change in plate enough time must be spanned by any section such that motion traced by the Hawaiian hotspot fixed in the deep geomagnetic secular variation is sampled. Recovery of such mantle. However, paleomagnetic and radiometric age samples requires ocean drilling technology, and only a few data from samples recovered by ocean drilling define an seamounts have been sampled to date. age-progressive paleolatitude history indicating that the Paleomagnetic analyses of 81-million-year-old basalt Emperor Seamount trend was principally formed by the recovered from Detroit Seamount (Site 884) yielded a rapid (over 40 mm yr −1) motion of the Hawaiian hotspot paleolatitude of ∼36° N (10) that is discordant with Hawaii.
    [Show full text]
  • 197 Scientific Prospectus
    OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM LEG 197 SCIENTIFIC PROSPECTUS MOTION OF THE HAWAIIAN HOTSPOT: A PALEOMAGNETIC TEST Dr. Robert A. Duncan Dr. John A. Tarduno Co-Chief Scientist Co-Chief Scientist Oregon State University University of Rochester College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Department of Earth and 104 Ocean Administration Building Environmental Sciences Corvallis OR 97331-5503 Hutchison Hall 227 USA Rochester NY 14627 USA __________________ _____________________ Dr. Jack Baldauf Dr. Gary D. Acton Deputy Director of Science Operations Leg Project Manager and Staff Scientist Ocean Drilling Program Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University Texas A&M University 1000 Discovery Drive 1000 Discovery Drive College Station TX 77845-9547 College Station TX 77845-9547 USA USA May 2001 PUBLISHER’S NOTES Material in this publication may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, educational, or personal research purposes; however, this source should be appropriately acknowledged. Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Prospectus No. 97 (May 2001) Distribution: Electronic copies of this publication may be obtained from the ODP Publications homepage on the World Wide Web at: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications This publication was prepared by the Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, as an account of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program, which is managed by Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. Funding for the program is provided by the following
    [Show full text]
  • REVIEW: the Setting - Climatology of the Hawaiian Archipelago • Atmosphere and Ocean – 5 Facts
    REVIEW: The Setting - Climatology of the Hawaiian Archipelago • Atmosphere and Ocean – 5 facts: NE trade-winds tropical water subtropical gyre Seasonality N – S gradients • Four dominant swell regimes: north Pacific swell trade wind swell south swell Kona storms Volcanism at the Hawaiian Hotspot Link to Video of Kilauea Eruptions Today’s Objectives • Review geological process underlying Hawaiian volcanism • Highlight important local / regional geological features Idealized Theoretical Depictions Empirical Observations Outline 1. Regional Patterns Overview of Hawaiian hotspot volcanism 2. Local Patterns Growth of the Island of Hawai’i Activity and Structures of Kīlauea Volcano What do I want you to know ? Text Book (Figures / Principles) Walker (1990) Tilling & Dvorak, J. J. (1993) 107 Peaks Along a 6000 km Chain Note: Only 2.5 % of the area of the volcanoes are above sea level. The Hawaiian hotspot has created a chain of ~129 volcanoes over the last ~80 million years, extending to NW of Pacific Ocean, ~6000 km from Kīlauea. Bathymetric Data (Eakins et al. 2003) What is the evidence that these islands and submerged volcanoes (guyots) originated at the Hawaiian hotspot? Hotspot Evidence I – Volcano Age Ni’ihau - Kaua’i O’ahu Maui Hawai’i (5.6 – 4.9 M a) (3.4 M a) (1.3 M a) (0.7 - 0 M a) NW SE Cross-section of the Hawaiian Islands, showing the estimated ages of the main shield-building stage for volcanoes on each island (USGS) Hotspot Evidence II – Volcano Age Migration rate has not been constant over time Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) Radiometric ages of Hawaiian-Emperor volcanoes versus distance along the chain from the modern hot spot at Kīlauea Volcano (Duncan & Keller, 2004) Hotspot Theory Hawaiian volcanism is surface manifestation of melting within a deep-seated mantle plume, or ‘hotspot’, beneath Pacific Plate.
    [Show full text]