Conduit Volume 15 Number 2, Fall/Winter 2006
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Fall | Winter 2006 Notes from the Chair: the Latest News from 115 Waterman Greetings to All Computer Science Alumni, New Faculty Supporters, and Friends! We are pleased to announce the appointment With this fall issue of Conduit, I offer my sincer- of Ben Rafael to the department’s faculty. Ben est congratulations to all those undergraduate received degrees from MIT and the University and graduate students who received their of California, San Diego, and until recently degrees in our commencement exercises last held the Alfred P. Sloan Postdoctoral Fellowship May. It was a pleasure having all of you as part in Computational Molecular Biology at U.C. San of the computer science “family,” and I hope Diego, where he worked with Pavel Pevzner. Ben that you will keep us informed of your life will be instrumental in the growth and develop- trajectories and return to visit the department ment of the Computational Biology Center and when you are in the Providence area. help to provide new direction in research and teaching within the realm of computer science. Faculty and Student Accolades More on his background and research appears The last few months have brought a number of in this issue. awards and honors to our faculty and students. This past spring the Corporation approved the More New Faculty appointment of three computer science faculty As the department continues to grow, this to named professorships: Eugene Charniak, academic year will find us searching for two University Professor and professor of computer new faculty members in the areas of computer science; Sorin Istrail, Julie Nguyen Brown graphics and systems. As always, we are looking Professor in Computational and Mathematical for the best and the brightest to fill the posi- Sciences and professor of computer science; and tions, and we welcome your efforts to send Ugur Cetintemel, Manning Assistant Professor promising candidates out way. and assistant professor of computer science. Congratulations to Eugene, Sorin, and Ugur! Alumni Outreach I would like to thank all of our alumni and If you haven’t already seen the July/August issue friends for their continued generosity, involve- of the Brown Alumni Magazine, please visit their ment, and support of our students and research. web site, www.brownalumnimagazine.com, to From attending reunions to recruiting students read Lawrence Goodman’s wonderful story and graduates to contributing to our fundrais- highlighting some of our recent faculty and ing and scholarship efforts, we sincerely appreci- student accomplishments. Photographer Leah ate all of your interactions with the department. Fasten also did great work in making everyone We are fortunate to have such an enthusiastic look fantastic. and involved community – thank you! Accolades are also in order for Wenjin Zhou, Finally, Conduit can now be called the “award a first year Ph.D. student, for receiving the first winning” Conduit after receiving an excellence place award in the Association for Computing award in printing and design by the Graphic Machinery’s (ACM) Student Research Competi- Communications Industry of Rhode Island and tion at the 2006 SIGGRAPH conference; Ph.D. the Providence Chapter of the American Institute candidate Leonid Sigal and Professor Michael of Graphic Artists (AIGA). Congratulations to Black, for securing the best paper award at the Editor-in-Chief Laura Zurowski, John deWolf Forth International Conference on Articulated of Public Information Design, and American Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO-e Printing of Rumford, RI. May this be the first 2006); and Assistant Professor Amy Greenwald, of many awards for our favorite publication. Ph.D. student Victor Naroditskiy, and under- graduate Seong Jae Le for winning the 2006 Keep in touch! international Trading Agent Competition Eli Upfal (TAC). Additional details about these awards, and others, can be found within this publication. Chair, Computer Science Department Volume 15, Number 2 Fall|Winter 2006 Published twice yearly by the Department of Computer Science at Brown University, Conduit is distributed free to all computer science alumni, faculty, staff, students and industrial partners. Queries about this publication can be directed to: [email protected] or 115 Waterman Street Campus Box 1910 Providence, RI 02912 FEATURE Forensics and Computer Vision PUBLISHER Michael Black and Wendy Lawton…PAGE 10 Industrial Partners Program, Department of Computer Science RESEARCH Computational Models of the Cortex…PAGE 4 Ph.D. Profiles…PAGE 5 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Rhode Maps…PAGE 6 Laura Zurowski Simulation Philosophies…PAGE 8 SIGGRAPH 2006…PAGE 9 GRAPHIC DESIGN John deWolf, Public Information Design FACULTY Faculty Notes…PAGE 16 New Faculty Profile: Benjamin Raphael…PAGE 19 COPY EDITOR Wandering the Web…PAGE 19 Amy Leavitt Faculty Awards and Honors…PAGE 20 3.4.5. FEATURED COLUMNISTS Spring 2006 IPP Symposium: Do We Need a Next-Generation Internet?…PAGE 22 Clark Bennett Aldrich Parenthetically Speaking…PAGE 24 Eugene Charniak Shriram Krishnamurthi Numb3rs: Criminal Outreach…PAGE 25 Unplugged…PAGE 26 ACM Student Research Award…PAGE 27 CONDU¡T ON THE WEB Department News and Happenings…PAGE 28 John Bazik Kathy Kirman TSTAFF Hardware News…PAGE 30 NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Awards…PAGE 31 PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION ALUMNI Brett Turner, Information Services True Tales from the Tech World…PAGE 32 Brown Graphic Services Computer Science Department’s Fundraising Initiative …PAGE 38 American Printing, Rumford, RI Alumni Reunion and Events…PAGE 39 Ping!…BACK COVER Cover photos: John Abromowski Conduit is printed on Burgo’s ChorusArt, an acid free and elemental chlorine free paper containing Cover design: John deWolf 50% recycled content and 15% post consumer waste. You are the difference – reduce, reuse, recycle. 3 Condu¡t • Fall | Winter 2006 Research Computational Models of the Cortex Professor Tom Dean’s research Researchers in artificial intelligence are attempting interests include automated temporal to build on recent advances in our understanding and spatial reasoning, planning, of the brain to design systems that perceive and robotics, learning, and probabilistic act with human-level competence. This isn’t a new inference. He is particularly interested trend; the prospect of artificial neural networks has in problems in which the notions of fascinated computer scientists throughout the uncertainty and risk are complicated history of computing. What is new is the extraordi- by the imposition of a limited time nary detail with which we are now able probe the for deliberation and action. secrets of the brain using advanced imaging and recording devices. Additional information about this project can be found at www.cs.brown. The cortex is interesting in part due to the fact that edu/people/tld/projects/cortex/. the size of our cortex sets us apart from other animals. The primate cortex has a regular structure, at least when compared with other, older parts of the brain; the basic repeated structure is called a cortical column. It is as though nature stumbled on the design for a general-purpose modular memory and then mass produced it up to the limits imposed by weight and energy usage, consider- ations familiar to anyone designing mobile computing devices. The cortex integrates data from different senses, different times and different resolutions, allowing us to identify correlations across time and across Reactions to this work range from the com- sensory modalities. Not only does plaint, “the very idea is ludicrous” to the more the cortex enable us to recognize patterns in insightful question, “what is new here that might the midst of noisy backgrounds, but we can do so enable us to make progress on problems such as even if we have never encountered a given pattern machine vision that have eluded us for decades?” at a particular scale, orientation or My answer to the latter has two parts. First, a few brightness or in companies such as Google and Microsoft now the midst of partially occluding have the computational resources to model a distractions. The cortex continuous- human brain, and they also have financial incen- ly predicts what we are likely tives to develop tools that can index and search to perceive next and warns us if images, video and sound files as easily as we now events run counter to expectations. handle text. Second, we have been studying Jeff Hawkins has written a very machine and biological vision from a computa- readable account of recent research tional standpoint for more than half a century in neuroscience and his own theories and the lessons learned suggest a set of key of the cortex. Hawkins is putting his principles that can be translated into engi- theories to the test neered systems. in a new startup named Numenta There is evidence to suggest that the cortex is that aims to produce cortical models organized as a hierarchy of features. Features for applications that range from at one level are composed from combinations biometric identification to vehicular of features in the level below. It is no surprise control. For the last year and a half, I that such compositional systems figure promi- have been working with students and nently in the study of natural and formal colleagues at Brown and collaborators languages, industrial design, and the way in TOP RIGHT A depiction of a cortical column. The red cells are at Numenta and Google to develop which we organize almost any kind of knowl- pyramidal neurons. systems that simulate the cortex. ABOVE A cross section of the primate brain showing the folded edge you can think of. Information propagates cortical sheet. up the hierarchy as input triggers features in the 4 Condu¡t • Fall | Winter 2006 Research Ph.D. Profiles Stefan Roth Computing, and in a collaborative Before coming to Brown in the effort with IAM Technologies, Inc., fall of 2001, Stefan received his he received the Technological degree in computer science and Innovation award from Brown, and his work has led to several lower level and their output serves as the input to engineering from the University patent applications.