ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON LAND AT BURLOW ROAD, HARPUR HILL, BUXTON, DERBYSHIRE (HHBR14)
Work Undertaken For Harpur Homes Limited
May 2014
Report Compiled by Jonathon Smith MA
Planning Application No: HPK/2013/0533 National Grid Reference: SK 070 703 OASIS Record No: archaeol1-178664
APS Report No. 51/14
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON LAND AT BURLOW ROAD, HARPUR HILL, DERBYSHIRE
CONTENTS
List of Figures
List of Plates
1. SUMMARY...... 1
2. INTRODUCTION...... 1
2.1 D EFINITION OF AN EVALUATION ...... 1
2.2 P LANNING BACKGROUND ...... 1
2.3 T OPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY ...... 1
2.4 A RCHAEOLOGICAL SETTING ...... 1
3. AIMS ...... 2
4. METHODS ...... 2
5. RESULTS...... 2
6. DISCUSSION ...... 3
7. CONCLUSIONS...... 3
8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...... 4
9. PERSONNEL ...... 4
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 4
11. ABBREVIATIONS ...... 4
Appendices
1 Specification
2 Context Descriptions
3 The Finds, by Tom Lane
4 Glossary
5 The Archive
Archaeological Project Services
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON LAND AT BURLOW ROAD, HARPUR HILL, DERBYSHIRE
List of Figures
Figure 1 General location plan
Figure 2 Site location plan
Figure 3 North Field Grid Layout
Figure 4 South Field Grid Layout
List of Plates
Plate 1 General Shot of North Field
Plate 2 Stone Deposit (001)
Plate 3 Stone Deposit (002)
Plate 4 Work in progress
Plate 5 Gravel Deposit (003)
Plate 6 General Shot of South Field
Plate 7 Deposit (004)
Archaeological Project Services
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON LAND AT BURLOW ROAD, HARPUR HILL, DERBYSHIRE
1. SUMMARY to undertake a programme of archaeological investigation in advance of An archaeological evaluation by shovel proposed development at Burlow Road, test pitting was undertaken on land at Harpur Hill, Buxton, as detailed in Burlow Road, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Planning Application HPK/2013/0533. Derbyshire. This was in order to determine The evaluation was undertaken over two the archaeological implications of weeks between the 14 th and 25 th April proposed development at the site. 2014 in accordance with a specification prepared by Archaeological Project The area is archaeologically sensitive, Services (Appendix 1) and approved by lying in an area of various prehistoric the Derby and Derbyshire Development remains and artefact scatters. Stone tools Control Archaeologist. of Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age date have been found nearby and several 2.3 Topography and Geology Bronze Age barrows are recorded in the vicinity. A Roman road and pottery scatter Buxton is located 32km west of of the period has been identified nearby Chesterfield and 48km northwest of and Saxon burial mounds are also Derby, in the administrative district of recorded. Parts of the investigated area High Peak, Derbyshire (Fig. 1). have been affected by recent quarrying. Harpur Hill is located approximately 2km The evaluation resulted in the discovery of south of the centre of Buxton. The a single prehistoric, possibly Late proposed development site comprises two Palaeolithic, flint and identified several areas either side of Burlow Road and is undated and modern deposits. centred on National Grid Reference SK 070 703 (Fig. 2).
2. INTRODUCTION Local soils are of the Malham 2 Association, typical brown earths (SSEW 2.1 Definition of an Evaluation 1983). These soils are developed on a solid geology of Carboniferous limestones of An archaeological evaluation is defined as the Bee Low Formation which is traversed ‘a limited programme of non-intrusive by a linear band of Lower Millers Dale and/or intrusive fieldwork which Lava (GSGB 1978). The northern area lies determines the presence or absence of on a moderate slope down to the southeast archaeological features, structures, from a height of 365m OD dropping down deposits, artefacts or ecofacts within a to 345m OD. The southern area slopes specified area or site. If such down to the northeast, from 360m OD to archaeological remains are present Field 340m OD. Evaluation defines their character and extent, quality and preservation, and it 2.4 Archaeological Setting enables an assessment of their worth in a local, regional, national or international Mesolithic (10,000 – 4000 BC), Neolithic context as appropriate’ (IfA 2008). (4000-2200 BC) and Bronze Age (2200- 800 BC) stone tools are recorded in 2.2 Planning Background proximity to the site. Four Bronze Age barrows, two of them destroyed by Archaeological Project Services was quarrying, have also been recorded nearby. commissioned by Harpur Homes Limited
1 Archaeological Project Services
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON LAND AT BURLOW ROAD, HARPUR HILL, DERBYSHIRE
A possible road and a pottery scatter attest southern part of the site (Figs 3 and 4). to some limited activity during the Roman period (AD 43-410). Two Saxon (AD 410- At each grid point, small shovel test pits 1066) burial mounds have also been typically 0.25m x 0.25m in area to a identified, though there is no known maximum of 0.3m depth, were excavated accompanying settlement of this period. by spade. The soil was broken up and passed through a coarse hand sieve for the During the medieval period (AD 1066- recovery of artefacts. Those test pits that 1540), the site probably lay within open produce artefacts and possible ground, perhaps waste or moor, and does archaeological features were recorded. not appear to have been farmed. Harpur Hill is mentioned early in the post- All test pits were backfilled with the spoil medieval period (AD 1540-1900) and may arising from them immediately after the have been a settlement for quarry workers. soil had been sorted and before moving to The surrounding land was enclosed late in excavate the next test pit, to minimise any the 18 th century and the pattern of fields health and safety risks. remains mostly intact, although it has been affected by later quarrying and railway construction (Archaeological Project 5. RESULTS Services 2014). The results of the archaeological evaluation are discussed below. The 3. AIMS numbers in brackets are the archaeological context numbers assigned in the field The aim of the evaluation was to gather (Appendix 2). information to establish the presence or absence, extent, condition, character, Topsoil recorded across both areas quality and date of any archaeological comprised a greyish brown sandy clay remains in order to enable the Derbyshire (006). Where recorded the underlying Development Control Archaeologist to subsoil was a mid brown sandy clay (007). formulate a policy for the management of Fragments of stone were recorded in both archaeological resources present on the deposits, becoming more frequent toward site. the tops of hills.
Archaeological Features 4. METHODS Toward the southwest edge of the north field, close to Burlow Road, a large Shovel Test Pitting enables the retrieval of amount of sub-angular limestone chunks artefacts which, by their date, frequency 7cm-15cm in length was observed at the and distribution, can potentially determine interface between the topsoil and subsoil, the presence/absence, extent, character, at a depth of 20cm below the surface. Test date, and significance of archaeological pits containing the stone deposit were artefact scatters present on the site. enlarged to 40cm x 40cm, but no evidence of a structure was visible. Deposits (001) The shovel test pitting arrangement has and (002) (Fig. 2; Plates 2 and 3) were been specified as based on a 10m grid in recorded as examples of the stone deposit. the northern area, excluding those parts The stones could be natural or related to known to have been quarried and the collapsed dry stone wall separating the backfilled, and on a 20m grid in the field and the road.
2 Archaeological Project Services
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON LAND AT BURLOW ROAD, HARPUR HILL, DERBYSHIRE
Also in the north field, a deposit of angular No artefacts were recovered from the north limestone gravel was discovered 0.15m field which was subject of a 10m test below the surface (003) (Fig. 2; Plate 5). pitting interval. This test pit was sited over an earthwork, thought to be the remains of a pond visible The test pitting was designed to sample the on 18 th century maps which had been archaeology of the proposed development filled-in during the mid 20 th century area, specifically the presence and (Archaeological Project Services 2014). A distribution of lithic material which may fragment of bone was noted within (003), indicate the presence of early human though was not retained due to its probable activity or evidence of occupation. recent date. Two deposits identified in the north field In one test pit in the south field, a thin probably reflect post-medieval boundaries layer of soft black silt (004) (Fig. 2; Plate and features. A stony deposit, located close 7), 2cm thick was recorded approximately to the road, may represent a natural deposit 20cm below the surface at the interface or be related to a collapsed dry stone wall between topsoil and subsoil. There is no at the field edge. A gravel deposit, located obvious interpretation for this deposit, but over a visible earthwork, is thought to be its position above the subsoil is suggestive associated with the remains of a pond of a relatively late date, perhaps post- visible on 18 th century maps which had medieval. been filled-in during the mid 20 th century (post 1938). Artefacts A single worked fragment of flint was A thin layer of soft black silt recorded in a discovered in the south field (005). This test pit in the south could not be readily was of possible Final Upper Palaeolithic interpreted. date.
7. CONCLUSIONS 6. DISCUSSION An archaeological evaluation by means of Close interval test pitting was undertaken shovel test pitting was undertaken at across the proposed development area in Burlow Road, Harpur Hill, Buxton, order to determine the presence of Derbyshire as the site lay in an area of prehistoric remains, specifically flint known archaeological significance, artefacts within the topsoil. In excess of notably prehistoric remains together with 500 shovel test pits were excavated. evidence of Roman and Saxon occupation.
A single worked flint of possible Final The test pitting recovered a single Upper Palaeolithic date was recovered prehistoric worked flint from the topsoil. from a test pit located in the southern field Other localised deposits identified (based on a 20m interval grid). The included a stony deposit, possibly artefact offers little in terms of associated with a collapsed stone wall and interpretation other than to indicate a a deposit associated with a former pond presence of a flintworker in that region at which was infilled in the mid 20 th century. an early date. Although there is evidence for prehistoric remains and artefact scatters in the vicinity of the site, the evaluation has not identified
3 Archaeological Project Services
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON LAND AT BURLOW ROAD, HARPUR HILL, DERBYSHIRE the presence of prehistoric remains within 11. ABBREVIATIONS or at the base of topsoil within the development area. APS Archaeological Project Services
8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS GSGB Geological Survey of Great Britain
Archaeological Project Services wishes to IfA Institute for Archaeologists acknowledge the assistance Alan Knott of SSEW Soil Survey of England and Wales Knights Solicitors who commissioned the fieldwork and post-excavation analysis on behalf of Harpur Homes Ltd. The landowner, Will Wright, kindly permitted access to the site. The work was coordinated by Gary Taylor who edited this report along with Tom Lane.
9. PERSONNEL
Project Coordinator: Gary Taylor Site Staff: Jonathon Smith, Robert Reichart Finds Processing: Denise Buckley Photographic reproduction: Jonathon Smith Illustration: Jonathon Smith Post-excavation Analyst: Jonathon Smith
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archaeological Project Services, 2014 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment of land at Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire, unpublished APS Report No. 5/14
GSGB, 1978 Buxton: solid and drift edition , 1:50 000 map sheet 111
Hodge, CAH, Burton, RGO, Corbett, WM, Evans, R, and Seale, RS, 1984 Soils and their use in Eastern England , Soil Survey of England and Wales 13
IfA 2008 Standards and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation
SSEW, 1983 Soils of Western and Midland England , 1:250,000 map sheet 2
4 Archaeological Project Services
15km 0 Derby Chesterfield BUXTON
m
k
0 Figure 1 - General location plan
0
1
Proposed development site
71
(003)
(001)
Area limestone rubble was encountered in (002)
(005) (004)
0 600m N 70
© Ordnance Survey 2014. All Rights Reserved. Licence No. 100020146
Archaeological Project Services SK Project Name: Burlow Road, Harpur Hill HHBR 14
07 08 Scale 1:12500 Drawn by: JS Report No: 51/14 Figure 2 - Site location plan
N
394 393 392
382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391
381 380 379 378 377 376 375 374 373 372 371 370 369 368 367 366 365 364 363
342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362
341 340 339 338 337 336 335 334 333 332 331 330 329 328 327 326 325 324 323 322 321 320 319
295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318
294 293 292 291 290 289 288 287 286 285 284 283 282 281 280 279 278 277 276 275 274 273 272 271 270
243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269
242 241 240 239 238 237 236 235 234 233 232 231 230 229 228 227 226 225 224 223 222 221 220 219 218
194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217
193 192 191 190 189 188 187 186 185 184 183 182 181 180 179 178 177 176 175 174 173 172
151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171
150 149 148 147 146 145 144 143 142 141 140 139 138 137 136 135 134 133 132 131
111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130
110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
7 8 9 10 11 12
6 5 4 3
1 2
Archaeological Project Services 0 100m Project Name: Burlow Road, Harpur Hill HHBR14
Scale 1:2000 Drawn by: JS Report No: 51/14
Figure 3 - North Field Grid
N
115 126 127 119 118 114 110
112 125 124 123 122 121 120 117 116 113 111 109 108
94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78
63 62 61 60 59 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42
56 57 58 52 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 55 54 53 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
17 16 15 14 13 12
7 8 9 10 11
6 5 4 3 1 2
Archaeological Project Services 0 100m Project Name: Burlow Road, Harpur Hill HHBR14
Scale 1:2000 Drawn by: JS Report No: 51/14 Figure 4 - South Field Grid
Plate 1: General view looking north- east across the north field.
Plate 2: Stone deposit (001)
Plate 3: Stone deposit (002)
Plate 4: Work in progress. Looking east across the north field.
Plate 5: Gravel deposit (003).
Plate 6: General view looking northwest across the south field.
Plate 7: Deposit (004)
Appendix 1
LAND AT BURLOW ROAD, HARPUR HILL, NR. BUXTON, DERBYSHIRE - SPECIFICATION FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION
1 SUMMARY
1.1 This document comprises a specification for the archaeological field evaluation of land at Burlow Road, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire.
1.2 The area is archaeologically sensitive, lying in an area of various prehsistoric remains and artefact scatters. Stone tools of Mesolithic, neolithic and Bronze Age date have been found nearby and several Bronze Age barrows are recorded in the vicinity. A Roman road and pottery scatter of the period has been identified nearby and Saxon burial mounds are recorded. Parts of the area have been affected by early modern quarrying.
1.3 A programme of archaeological evaluation by shovel test pitting is required at the site.
1.4 On completion of the fieldwork a report will be prepared detailing the findings of the investigation. The report will consist of a text describing the nature of the archaeological artefact distributions, and will be supported by illustrations and photographs.
2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 This document comprises a specification for the archaeological field evaluation of land at Burlow Road, Harpur Hill, nr Buxton, Derbyshire.
2.2 The document contains the following parts:
2.2.1 Overview
2.2.2 The archaeological and natural setting
2.2.3 Stages of work and methodologies to be used
2.2.4 List of specialists
2.2.5 Programme of works and staffing structure of the project
3 SITE LOCATION
3.1 Buxton is located 32km west of Chesterfield and 48km northwest of Derby, in the administrative district of High Peak, Derbyshire. Harpur Hill is located approximately 2km south of the centre of Buxton. The proposed development site comprises two areas either side of Burlow Road and is centred on National Grid Reference SK 070 703.
4 PLANNING BACKGROUND
4.1 The site is the subject of a planning application (application no: HPK/2013/0533) for residential development comprising up to 275 dwellings, public open space, a crèche, sports pavilion, access and associated infrastructure. The Development Control Archaeologist has advised that a programme of archaeological work in accordance with a written scheme of investigation (WSI) that has been submitted to and approved by the local planning authority is required. The present document provides such a WSI.
5 SOILS AND TOPOGRAPHY
5.1 Local soils are of the Malham 2 Association, typical brown earths (SSEW 1983). These soils are developed on a solid geology of Carboniferous limestones of the Bee Low Formation which is traversed by a linear band of Lower Millers Dale Lava (GSGB 1978). The northern
area lies on a moderate slope down to the southeast from a height of 365m OD dropping down to 345m OD. The southern area also lies on a slope down, this time to the northeast and heights range from 360m OD to 340m OD.
6 ARCHAEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW
6.1 Mesolithic (10,000 – 4000 BC), Neolithic (4000-2200 BC) and Bronze Age (2200-800 BC) stone tools are recorded in proximity to the site. Four Bronze Age barrows, two of them destroyed by quarrying, have also been recorded nearby. A possible road and a pottery scatter attest to some limited activity during the Roman period (AD 43-410). Two Saxon (AD 410- 1066) burial mounds have also been identified, though there is no known accompanying settlement of this period. During the medieval period (AD 1066-1540), the site perhaps lay within open ground, perhaps waste or moor, and does not appear to have been farmed. Harpur Hill is mentioned early in the post-medieval period (AD 1540-1066) and may have been a settlement for quarry workers. The surrounding land was enclosed late in the 18 th century and the pattern of fields remains mostly intact, although has been affected by later quarrying and railway construction (Archaeological Project Services 2014).
7 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
7.1 The aim of the work will be to gather sufficient information for the archaeological curator to be able to formulate a policy for the management of the archaeological resources present on the site.
7.2 The objectives of the work will be to:
7.2.1 Establish the type of archaeological activity that may be present within the site. 7.2.2 Determine the likely extent of archaeological activity present within the site.
7.2.3 Determine the date and nature of the archaeological activity represented by the artefact scatters present on the site.
7.2.4 Determine the spatial arrangement of the archaeological features present within the site.
7.2.5 Establish the way in which the archaeological features identified fit into the pattern of occupation and land-use in the surrounding landscape.
8 LIAISON WITH THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CURATOR
8.1 Close contact will be maintained with the archaeological curator throughout the investigation to ensure that the scheme of works fulfils their requirements.
9 SHOVEL TEST PITTING
9.1 Reasoning for this technique
9.1.1 Shovel Test Pitting enables the retrieval of artefacts which, by their date, frequency and distribution, can potentially determine the presence/absence, extent, character, date, and significance of archaeological artefact scatters present on the site.
9.1.2 The shovel test pitting arrangement has been specified as based on a 10m grid in the northern area, excluding those parts known to have been quarried and backfilled, and on a 20m grid in the southern part of the site (see attached plan for the two areas).
9.2 General Considerations
9.2.1 All work will be undertaken following statutory Health and Safety requirements in operation at the time of the investigation.
9.2.2 The work will be undertaken according to the relevant codes of practice issued by the
Institute for Archaeologists (IfA). Archaeological Project Services is an IfA Registered Archaeological Organisation (No. 21), managed by a member (MIfA) of the institute.
9.2.3 Any and all artefacts found during the investigation and thought to be ‘treasure’, as defined by the Treasure Act 1996, will be removed from site to a secure store and promptly reported to the appropriate coroner’s office.
9.2.4 All test pits will be backfilled with the spoil arising from them immediately after the soil has been sorted and before moving to excavate the next test pit, to minimise any health and safety risks.
9.3 Methodology
9.3.1 Grids, at 10m and 20m intervals, as specified above (9.1.2), will be established over the two areas of site by survey-grade differential GPS.
9.3.2 At each grid point, small shovel test pits typically 0.25m x 0.25m in area to a maximum of 0.3m depth, will be excavated by shovel/spade. The soil will be broken up and passed through a coarse hand sieve for the recovery of artefacts. Those test pits that produce artefacts will be re-surveyed by dGPS.
9.3.3 Any archaeological features exposed will be recorded to the extent possible within the confines of the test pit. Any such test pit will be surveyed by the dGPS to provide 3-D coordinates.
9.3.4 Throughout the duration of the investigation a photographic record consisting of black and white prints (reproduced as contact sheets) and colour digital images will be compiled. The photographic record will consist of:
9.3.1.1 the site before the commencement of field operations.
9.3.1.2 the site during work to show specific stages of the investigation
9.3.1.3 the site on completion of fieldwork
9.3.2 Should human remains be encountered, they will be left in situ with excavation being limited to the identification and recording of such remains. As they will not be removed a Ministry of Justice licence will not be obtained. The local environmental health department, coroner and the police will be notified, if appropriate.
9.3.3 Finds collected during the fieldwork will be bagged and labelled according to the individual test pit or deposit from which they were recovered ready for later washing and analysis. Except if of exceptional nature, artefacts of post-medieval or modern date will not be retained.
9.3.4 The spoil generated during the investigation will be backfilled upon completion of each individual test pit.
10 POST-EXCAVATION AND REPORT
10.3 Stage 1 10.3.1 On completion of site operations, the records and schedules produced during the investigation will be checked and ordered to ensure that they form a uniform sequence constituting a level II archive. In the event of any features being encountered a stratigraphic matrix of the archaeological deposits and features present on the site will be prepared. All photographic material will be catalogued: the colour digital images will be reproduced as thumbnail images and labelled and the black and white contact prints will be labelled, in both cases the labelling will refer to schedules identifying the subject/s photographed.
10.3.2 All finds recovered during the investigation will be washed, marked, bagged and labelled according to the individual test pit or deposit from which they were recovered. Any finds requiring specialist treatment and conservation will be sent to the Conservation Laboratory at Lincoln.
10.4 Stage 2
10.4.1 Detailed examination of the stratigraphic matrix to enable the determination of the various phases of activity on the site.
10.4.2 Finds will be sent to specialists for identification and dating.
11.2.3 Artefacts will be sorted by date and type, correlated with their locational information, and visually presented via a GIS on distribution maps.
10.5 Stage 3
10.5.1 On completion of stage 2, a report detailing the findings of the investigation will be prepared. This will consist of:
10.5.1.1 A non-technical summary of the results of the investigation.
10.5.1.2 A description of the archaeological setting of the site.
10.5.1.3 Description of the topography and geology of the investigation area.
10.5.1.4 Description of the methodologies used during the investigation and discussion of their effectiveness in the light of the results. 10.5.1.5 A text describing the findings of the investigation.
10.5.1.6 Plans of the test pit array and the distribution of artefacts within them, by type and date.
10.5.1.7 Sections of the trenches and archaeological features.
10.5.1.8 Interpretation of the archaeological artefact distributions identified and their context within the surrounding landscape.
10.5.1.9 Specialist reports on the finds from the site.
10.5.1.10 Appropriate photographs of the site.
10.5.1.11 A consideration of the significance of the remains found, in local, regional, national and international terms, using recognised evaluation criteria.
11 ARCHIVE
11.1 Prior to commencement of the investigation, Buxton Museum will be contacted regarding the project archive. In the event that there are no significant retained finds then museum deposition will not be necessary, and a single bound copy of the report plus PDF/A on disk will be deposited with Derbyshire HER. If the site has retained finds, to be advised by the revelant specialists in accordance with the regional research agenda, then an accession number will be obtained from Buxton Museum and the material will be deposited in accordance with Museums in Derbyshire guidelines. The Derbyshire Planning Archaeologist will be notified by email when final deposition takes place.
12 REPORT DEPOSITION
12.1 Copies of the investigation report will be sent to: the client; the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist; and the Derbyshire County Council Historic Environment Record
(hard bound copy and PDF/A on disk).
13 PUBLICATION
13.1 Details of the investigation, to include a PDF of the complete final report, will be input to the Online Access to the Index of Archaeological Investigations (OASIS).
14.2 Notes or articles describing the results of the investigation will also be submitted for publication in the appropriate national journals: Medieval Archaeology for medieval and later remains, and Britannia for discoveries of Roman date.
14 CURATORIAL MONITORING
14.1 Curatorial responsibility for the archaeological work undertaken on the site lies with the Development Control Archaeologist for Derbyshire. They will be given 7 days’ written notice of the commencement of the project to enable them to make monitoring arrangements.
15 VARIATIONS TO THE PROPOSED SCHEME OF WORKS
15.1 Variations to the scheme of works will only be made following written confirmation from the archaeological curator, the client and their consultant.
15.2 Should the archaeological curator require any additional investigation beyond the scope of the brief for works, or this specification, then the cost and duration of those supplementary examinations will be negotiated between the client and the contractor.
16 STAFF TO BE USED DURING THE PROJECT
16.1 The work will be directed by Tom Lane MIfA, Senior Archaeologist, Archaeological Project Services. The on-site works will be supervised by an Archaeological Supervisor with knowledge of archaeological evaluations of this type. Archaeological excavation will be carried out by Archaeological Technicians, experienced in projects of this type.
16.2 The following organisations/persons will, in principle and if necessary, be used as subcontractors to provide the relevant specialist work and reports in respect of any objects or material recovered during the investigation that require their expert knowledge and input. Engagement of any particular specialist subcontractor is also dependent on their availability and ability to meet programming requirements.
Task Body to be undertaking the work
Conservation Conservation Laboratory, Lincoln.
Lithics Tom Lane, APS
Pottery Analysis Prehistoric: D Trimble/A Beeby, APS/TPA Roman: A Beeby, APS Post-Roman: A Beeby, APS
Other Artefacts J Cowgill, independent specialist/G Taylor, APS
Animal Remains Analysis P Cope-Faulkner, APS
17 PROGRAMME OF WORKS AND STAFFING LEVELS
17.1 Fieldwork is expected to be undertaken by appropriate staff, including supervisors and assistants, and to take about 10 days.
17.2 Post-excavation analysis and report production will take about 6 days. A project officer or supervisor will undertake most of the analysis, with assistance from the finds supervisor, CAD illustrator and external specialists.
18 INSURANCES
18.1 Archaeological Project Services, as part of the Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire, maintains Employers Liability insurance to £10,000,000. Additionally, the company maintains Public and Products Liability insurances, each with indemnity of £5,000,000. Copies of insurance documentation are enclosed.
19 COPYRIGHT
19.1 Archaeological Project Services shall retain full copyright of any commissioned reports under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with all rights reserved; excepting that it hereby provides an exclusive licence to the client for the use of such documents by the client in all matters directly relating to the project as described in the Project Specification.
19.2 Licence will also be given to the archaeological curators to use the documentary archive for educational, public and research purposes.
19.3 In the case of non-satisfactory settlement of account then copyright will remain fully and exclusively with Archaeological Project Services. In these circumstances it will be an infringement under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 for the client to pass any report, partial report, or copy of same, to any third party. Reports submitted in good faith by Archaeological Project Services to any Planning Authority or archaeological curator will be removed from said Planning Authority and/or archaeological curator. The Planning Authority and/or archaeological curator will be notified by Archaeological Project Services that the use of any such information previously supplied constitutes an infringement under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and may result in legal action.
19.4 The author of any report or specialist contribution to a report shall retain intellectual copyright of their work and may make use of their work for educational or research purposes or for further publication.
20 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archaeological Project Services, 2014 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment of land at Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire , APS Report No. 5/14
GSGB, 1978 Buxton : solid and drift edition, 1:50 000 map sheet 111
Hodge, CAH, Burton, RGO, Corbett, WM, Evans, R, and Seale, RS, 1984 Soils and their use in Eastern England , Soil Survey of England and Wales 13
Specification: Version 2, 07/04/14
Appendix 2
CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS
Context Description Interpretation Possibly natural or 3 sub-angular limestone cobbles with a maximum dimension of related to the nearby (001) 0.15x0.15m. 0.2m below the surface, on the interface with the collapsed dry stone topsoil and subsoil. wall. Possibly natural or A patch of sub-angular limestone pebbles. 0.2m below the related to the nearby (002) surface, on the interface between the topsoil and subsoil. collapsed dry stone wall. A layer of angular limestone gravel, 0.15m below the surface. It Mid 20 th century (003) was so compact, it could not be penetrated with a spade. backfill of a pond. A soft black silt layer, 20mm thick. 0.2m below the surface, on (004) Unknown layer. the interface between the topsoil and subsoil. (005) A worked flint within the topsoil. Prehistoric flint. Firm mid greyish brown sandy clay with moderate stone (006) Topsoil fragments, increasing with altitude, 0.2m thick (007) Firm mid brown sandy clay with moderate stone fragments Subsoil
HHBR14 Finds Appendix
Appendix 3
THE FINDS
WORKED FLINT By Tom Lane
Introduction A single flint, broken in antiquity, was collected from the topsoil.
Condition The item had suffered moderate abrasion. It requires no special conservation measures.
Results Table 1, Worked Flint Archive 8 9rp vv I Xt 9hr !! "
Provenance The item was a topsoil find.
Potential Being a single topsoil find the item has little potential, other than to indicate a presence of a flintworker in that region at an early date.
ABBREVIATIONS Cxt Context No Number of items Wt (g) Weight (grams)
Archaeological Project Services
Appendix 4
GLOSSARY
Bronze Age A period characterised by the introduction of bronze into the country for tools, between 2250 and 800 BC.
Chert A fine grained stone similar to flint, often used to make stone tools.
Context An archaeological context represents a distinct archaeological event or process. For example, the action of digging a pit creates a context (the cut) as does the process of its subsequent backfill (the fill). Each context encountered during an archaeological investigation is allocated a unique number by the archaeologist and a record sheet detailing the description and interpretations of the context (the context sheet) is created and placed in the site archive. Context numbers are identified within the report text by brackets, e.g. (004).
Layer A layer is a term to describe an accumulation of soil or other material that is not contained within a cut.
Medieval The Middle Ages, dating from approximately AD 1066-1500.
Mesolithic The ‘Middle Stone Age’ period, part of the prehistoric era, dating from approximately 11000 - 4500 BC.
Neolithic The ‘New Stone Age’ period, part of the prehistoric era, dating from approximately 4500-2250 BC.
Palaeolithic The earliest part of the ‘Stone Age’ dating from the first period of human occupation to the end of the last ice age (approximately 10,000 years ago). It is usually sub-divided into lower, middle and upper, each characterised by differing stone tools and sub-species of humans.
Post-medieval The period following the Middle Ages, dating from approximately AD 1500-1800.
Prehistoric The period of human history prior to the introduction of writing. In Britain the prehistoric period lasts from the first evidence of human occupation about 500,000 BC, until the Roman invasion in the middle of the 1 st century AD.
Roman The period between AD43 and 410 when Britain was ruled by the Roman Empire.
Saxon Pertaining to the period dating from AD 410-1066 when England was largely settled by tribes from northern Germany.
Appendix 5
THE ARCHIVE
The archive consists of:
7 Context records 1 Photographic record sheet 8 Daily record sheets 1 Bag of finds
All primary records and finds are currently kept at:
Archaeological Project Services The Old School Cameron Street Heckington Sleaford Lincolnshire NG34 9RW
The ultimate destination of the project archive is:
Buxton Museum Terrace Road Buxton Derbyshire SK17 6DA
Accession Number: Awaiting
Archaeological Project Services Site Code: HHBR 14
The discussion and comments provided in this report are based on the archaeology revealed during the site investigations. Other archaeological finds and features may exist on the development site but away from the areas exposed during the course of this fieldwork. Archaeological Project Services cannot confirm that those areas unexposed are free from archaeology nor that any archaeology present there is of a similar character to that revealed during the current investigation.
Archaeological Project Services shall retain full copyright of any commissioned reports under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with all rights reserved; excepting that it hereby provides an exclusive licence to the client for the use of such documents by the client in all matters directly relating to the project as described in the Project Specification.