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2020 White-Tailed Deer Harvest Report

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2020 White-Tailed Deer Harvest Report 2020 VERMONT WHITE-TAILED DEER HARVEST REPORT FISH & WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT (802) 828-1000 / www.vtfishandwildlife.com 2020 VERMONT WHITE-TAILED DEER HARVEST REPORT Contents Most of the programs described in Overview ....................................................................................... 2 this report are funded through the Season Results ........................................................................ 3 – 6 Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Geographic Distribution............................................................ 6 Program. This program was Bag Limits ..................................................................................... 7 initiated in 1937 as the Federal Biological Data Collection ......................................................... 8 Aid in Wildlife Act and created a Heaviest Deer ............................................................................. 8 system whereby taxes are paid Hunter Numbers and License Sales ......................................... 9 on firearms, ammunition and Looking to the Future ................................................................. 9 archery equipment by the public 2020 Legal Deer Harvest by County, Town who hunts. Today this excise tax and Season ........................................................................... 10–16 generates more than one hundred Distribution of Vermont’s 2020 Deer Harvest by Town ....... 16 million dollars each year that are dedicated to state wildlife restoration and management projects across the United States. The MISSION of the Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department is The State of Vermont uses these the conservation of fish, wildlife, monies for acquiring land, and for and plants and their habitats for the people of Vermont. restoring and managing wildlife. These excise tax dollars, coupled with state hunting license fees, have been the predominant source of money funding the successful Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department restoration and management of Agency of Natural Resources Vermont’s wildlife resources. 1 National Life Drive, Davis 2 Montpelier, Vermont 05620 (802) 828-1000 / www.vtfishandwildlife.com 1 2020 White-tailed Deer Harvest Report Overview Hunters harvested a total of 18,991 deer during the Vermont deer seasons in 2020, providing about 3.8 million servings of local, nutritious venison. The total harvest was 10% more than the previous 3-year average (17,181), while the buck harvest of 9,256 was 6% less than the previous 3-year average (9,854 bucks). The total harvest was 15% more than 2019 (16,550), while the total buck harvest was 8% less than the 2019 buck harvest (10,058; Figure 1). Bucks Antlerless 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 Deer Harvested 5,000 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Figure 1. Annual antlered buck and total deer harvest in Vermont, 1900–2020. The 2020 deer hunting seasons were unusual for several notable move less during the day when temperatures are warm. Statewide reasons. Substantial changes to deer hunting regulations took surveys conducted in 2020 indicated that oak mast production effect, including new and expanded hunting opportunities and was good to excellent, apple production was spotty, and beechnut changes to buck management. Additionally, participation in production was poor. Mast availability can greatly affect deer many outdoor activities, including hunting, increased during behavior, and harvests are often lower in good mast years when the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic also forced the deer are more spread out and need to move less to find food. development and implementation of a new tool for hunters to self-report their harvest through the department’s website, The Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department estimated a 2% without visiting a big game reporting station. More than 3,000 increase in the deer population from 2019 to 2020. This was hunters utilized this system. primarily due to low winter severity in 2020; however, in some areas population growth was limited by the more severe winter Hunting conditions were mixed during the 2020 seasons. of 2019 or increased antlerless harvests in recent years. The October temperatures were close to normal, but November and statewide average WSI for 2020 was 22.6, well below the 30-year December were 4 to 5 degrees warmer than normal. Deer often average of 44.7 (Figure 2). 120 100 80 60 40 Winter Severity Index 20 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Figure 2. Statewide winter severity index (WSI) in Vermont, 1991–2020. The horizontal dashed line shows the 30-year average WSI of 44. 2 Season Results Figure 3. Age and sex distribution of the harvest. Adult bucks comprised 49% of the total harvest, while 42% were adult Male Fawns - 835 Female Fawns - 1,008 does, 4% were male fawns, and 5% were female fawns (Figure 3, Table 4% of Harvest 5% of Harvest 1). The regular season accounted for 37% of the total deer harvest, Adult Does - 7,892 while 32% were harvested during archery season, 14% during the 42% of Harvest December muzzleloader season, 10% during the new antlerless-only October muzzleloader season, 6% during youth season, and 1% during the new novice season (Figure 4, Table 1). Archery Season (October 1 – November 13 and November 30 – December 15, 2020) Archers set a new all-time record in 2020, harvesting 6,165 deer during the 60-day archery season. The previous record of 5,296 was set in 1999. The 2020 harvest was 65% more than the 2019 harvest (3,748) Antlered Bucks - 9,256 and 64% more than the previous 3-year average (3,770). The archery 18,991 Deer Harvested 49% of Harvest harvest was comprised of 21% adult bucks, 67% adult does, and 12% fawns (Figure 5, Table 1). The last 16 days of the archery season (after the November regular season) accounted for 8% (498 deer) of the Figure 4. Distribution of the harvest by season. overall archery harvest and 4% (52 deer) of the archery buck harvest. Conversely, the opening day of the season (Oct. 1) accounted for 7% Dec. Muzzleloader - 2,639 Archery - 6,165 (442 deer) of the total archery harvest and 8% (97 deer) of the archery 14% of Harvest 32% of Harvest buck harvest. Hunters using crossbows accounted for 70% of the harvest, up from 41% in 2019. Crossbows became legal implements for all archery hunters in 2020. Previously, crossbows could only be used by hunters age 50 or older and those with disabilities. Youth -1,122 6% of Harvest Antlerless harvest during the archery season is the most effective way to manage locally abundant deer with little or no impact on areas with fewer deer. Archers tend to focus their hunting effort on areas with the greatest numbers of deer, and, therefore, their harvest comes primarily Novice - 126 from these areas. Archery hunting is also effective in developed areas 1% of Harvest where firearm hunting may be prohibited or unsafe. Many of the Regular - 7,025 regulation changes that took effect in 2020 were designed, in part, to Oct. Muzzleloader - 1,914 37% of Harvest 10% of Harvest increase antlerless harvest during this season. All wildlife management units were open to the taking of antlerless deer during the archery 18,991 Deer Harvested season in 2020. Youth Season (October 24 – 25, 2020) Figure 5. Age and sex distribution of the archery harvest. Youth hunters harvested a total of 1,122 deer during the 2-day youth season. This was 32% less than 2019 (1,637), and 24% less than the Female Fawns - 403 previous 3-year average (1,480). This was the lowest youth season Male Fawns - 326 7% of Harvest harvest since the season was expanded to 2 days in 2002. The youth 5% of Harvest Antlered Bucks - 1,293 harvest was comprised of 27% adult bucks, 51% adult does, and 22% 21% of Harvest fawns (Figure 6, Table 1). Figure 6. Age and sex distribution of the youth harvest. Female Fawns - 138 Antlered Bucks - 304 Male Fawns - 105 12% of Harvest 27% of Harvest 9% of Harvest Adult Does - 4,143 67% of Harvest 6,165 Deer Harvested Adult Does - 575 51% of Harvest 1,122 Deer Harvested 3 Table 1. 2020 Legal Deer Harvest Numbers and Percentages by Season and Age–Sex % of Total Season Adult Buck Adult Doe Male Fawn Female Fawn Total Season Archery Number Harvested 1,293 4,143 326 403 6,165 32% % of Archery Season 21% 67% 5% 7% % of Age/Sex Class 14% 52% 39% 40% Youth Number Harvested 304 575 105 138 1,122 6% % of Youth Season 27% 51% 9% 12% % of Age/Sex Class 3% 7% 13% 14% Novice Number Harvested 31 60 14 21 126 1% % of Novice Season 25% 48% 11% 17% % of Age/Sex Class 0% 1% 2% 2% October Number Harvested 9 1,465 168 272 1,914 10% Muzzleloader % of Oct Muzzle 0% 77% 9% 14% % of Age/Sex Class 0% 19% 20% 27% Regular Harvested Harvest 7,025 0 0 0 7,025 37% % of Regular Season 100% % of Age/Sex Class 76% December Number Harvested 594 1,649 222 174 2,639 14% Muzzleloader % of Dec Muzzle 23% 62% 8% 7% % of Age/Sex Class 6% 21% 27% 17% Total Number Harvested 9,256 7,892 835 1,008 18,991 % of Total Harvest 49% 42% 4% 5% Novice Season (October 24 – 25, 2020) Regular Season (November 14 – 29, 2020) Novice hunters harvested 126 deer during the inaugural novice Hunters reported a total of 7,025 antlered bucks during the season. A total of 1,062 new, adult hunters (age 16+) were traditional 16-day regular season. This was 6% less than 2019 eligible for this season. The novice harvest was comprised of (7,502) and 5% less than the previous 3-year average (7,418). 25% adult bucks, 48% adult does, and 27% fawns (Table 1). Hunter effort surveys were again mailed to 10,000 randomly The youth and novice seasons are particularly important for selected licensed Vermont hunters in 2020.
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