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Assessment of Pre and Post Harvest Losses of Important Crops in India

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Assessment of Pre and Post Harvest Losses of Important Crops in India Research Report: IX/ADRTC/153A ASSESSMENT OF PRE AND POST HARVEST LOSSES OF IMPORTANT CROPS IN INDIA ELUMALAI KANNAN Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Centre Institute for Social and Economic Change Bangalore- 560 072 September 2014 CONTENTS List of Tables iv-viii Acknowledgements ix Chapter I Introduction 1-7 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Pre and Post Harvest Losses 2 1.3 Need for the Present Study 4 1.4 Objectives of the Study 5 1.5 Database and Methodology 5 1.6 Organisation of the Report 7 Chapter II Sample Households Characteristics and Cropping Pattern 8-55 2.1 Assam 8 2.2 Gujarat 12 2.3 Karnataka 16 2.4 Madhya Pradesh 22 2.5 Maharashtra 25 2.6 Punjab 30 2.7 Rajasthan 34 2.8 Tamil Nadu 39 2.9 Uttar Pradesh 43 2.10 West Bengal 48 Chapter III Assessment of Pre Harvest Losses 56-106 3.1 Paddy 56 3.2 Wheat 74 3.3 Tur 87 3.4 Soybean 96 Chapter IV Assessment of Post Harvest Losses 107-125 4.1 Paddy 107 4.2 Wheat 113 4.3 Tur 117 4.4 Soybean 120 4.5 Factors Influencing Post Harvest Loss and Control Measures 123 ii Chapter V Summary of Findings and Policy Suggestions 126-135 5.1 Background 126 5.2 Summary of Findings 129 5.3 Policy Suggestions 134 References 136-137 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Distribution of sample households 6 Table 2.1 Demographic profile of the selected farmers in Assam 9 Table 2.2 Size of operational holdings in Assam 9 Table 2.3 Source wise irrigation of net irrigated area in Assam 10 Table 2.4 Cropping pattern of selected farmers in Assam 10 Table 2.5 Percentage of area under HYV seeds in Assam 11 Table 2.6 Average yield of major crops grown by selected households in Assam 12 Table 2.7 Demographic profile of the selected farmers in Gujarat 12 Table 2.8 Characteristics of operational holdings in Gujarat 13 Table 2.9 Source of irrigation of net irrigated area in Gujarat 14 Table 2.10 Cropping pattern of sample farmers in Gujarat 15 Table 2.11 Percentage of area under HYV seeds in Gujarat 16 Table 2.12 Average yield of major crops grown by the selected households in 16 Gujarat Table 2.13 Demographic profile of the selected farmers in Karnataka 17 Table 2.14 Characteristics of operational holdings in Karnataka 18 Table 2.15 Source of irrigation of net irrigated area in Karnataka 19 Table 2.16 Cropping pattern of sample farmers in Karnataka 20 Table 2.17 Percentage of area under HYV of important crops in Karnataka 21 Table 2.18 Average yield of major crops grown by the selected households in 21 Karnataka Table 2.19 Demographic profile of the selected farmers in Madhya Pradesh 22 Table 2.20 Characteristics of operational holdings in Madhya Pradesh 23 Table 2.21 Source of irrigation of net irrigated area in Madhya Pradesh 23 Table 2.22 Cropping pattern of sample farmers in Madhya Pradesh 24 Table 2.23 Percentage of area under HYV of important crops in Madhya Pradesh 24 Table 2.24 Average yield of major crops grown by the selected households in 25 Madhya Pradesh Table 2.25 Demographic profile of the selected farmers in Maharashtra 25 Table 2.26 Characteristics of operational holdings in Maharashtra 26 Table 2.27 Source of irrigation of net irrigated area in Maharashtra 27 Table 2.28 Cropping pattern of sample farmers in Maharashtra 27 Table 2.29 Percentage of area under HYV of important crops in Maharashtra 28 Table 2.30 Average yield of major crops grown by the selected households in 29 Maharashtra Table 2.31 Demographic profile of the selected farmers in Punjab 30 Table 2.32 Characteristics of operational holdings in Punjab 31 Table 2.33 Source of irrigation of net irrigated area in Punjab 32 Table 2.34 Cropping pattern of sample farmers in Punjab 32 Table 2.35 Percentage of area under HYV of important crops in Punjab 33 Table 2.36 Average yield of major crops grown by the selected households in 34 Punjab Table 2.37 Demographic profile of the selected farmers in Rajasthan 34 Table 2.38 Characteristics of operational holdings in Rajasthan 36 Table 2.39 Source of irrigation of net irrigated area in Rajasthan 36 iv Table 2.40 Cropping pattern of sample farmers in Rajasthan 37 Table 2.41 Percentage of area under HYV of important crops in Rajasthan 38 Table 2.42 Average yield of major crops grown by the selected households in 39 Rajasthan Table 2.43 Demographic profile of the selected farmers in Tamil Nadu 40 Table 2.44 Characteristics of operational holdings in Tamil Nadu 40 Table 2.45 Source of irrigation of net irrigated area in Tamil Nadu 41 Table 2.46 Cropping pattern of sample farmers in Tamil Nadu 42 Table 2.47 Percentage of area under HYV of important crops in Tamil Nadu 42 Table 2.48 Average yield of major crops grown by the selected households in 43 Tamil Nadu Table 2.49 Demographic profile of the selected farmers in Uttar Pradesh 44 Table 2.50 Characteristics of operational holdings in Uttar Pradesh 45 Table 2.51 Source of irrigation of net irrigated area in Uttar Pradesh 45 Table 2.52 Cropping pattern of sample farmers in Uttar Pradesh 46 Table 2.53 Percentage of area under HYV of important crops in Uttar Pradesh 47 Table 2.54 Average yield of major crops grown by the selected households in 47 Uttar Pradesh Table 2.55 Demographic profile of the selected farmers in West Bengal 48 Table 2.56 Characteristics of operational holdings in West Bengal 49 Table 2.57 Source of irrigation of net irrigated area in West Bengal 49 Table 2.58 Cropping pattern of sample farmers in West Bengal 50 Table 2.59 Percentage of area under HYV of important crops in West Bengal 51 Table 2.60 Average yield of major crops grown by the selected households in 51 West Bengal Table 3.1 Constraints faced in cultivation of paddy in Assam 57 Table 3.2 Magnitude of crop loss due to pests, disease and weed infestation in 57 Assam-Paddy Table 3.3 Cost of Chemical methods adopted for pests and disease control in 58 Assam-Paddy Table 3.4 Extension services on pests and disease control management in paddy 59 in Assam Table 3.5 Constraints faced in cultivation of paddy in Karnataka 59 Table 3.6 Magnitude of crop loss due to pests, disease and weed infestation- 60 Paddy in Karnataka Table 3.7 Cost of Chemical methods adopted for pests and disease control 61 (Rs/acre)- Paddy in Karnataka Table 3.8 Extension services for pests and disease control management in paddy 61 in Karnataka Table 3.9 Constraints faced in cultivation of paddy in Punjab 62 Table 3.10 Magnitude of crop loss due to pests, disease and weed infestation- 63 Paddy in Punjab Table 3.11 Cost of Chemical methods adopted for pests and disease control 64 (Rs/acre)- Paddy in Punjab Table 3.12 Extension services for pests and disease control management in paddy 64 in Punjab Table 3.13 Constraints faced in cultivation of paddy in Tamil Nadu 65 v Table 3.14 Magnitude of Crop Loss due to Pests, Diseases and Weed Infestation- 66 Tiruvarur Table 3.15 Magnitude of Crop Loss due to Pests, Diseases and Weed Infestation- 66 Villupuram Table 3.16 Cost of chemical methods adopted for pests and disease control (Rs 67 /acre)- Tiruvarur Table 3.17 Cost of chemical methods adopted for pests and diseases control 68 (Rs/acre)- Villupuram Table 3.18 Extension service on pests and diseases control management in Tamil 69 Nadu Table 3.19 Constraints faced in cultivation of paddy in Uttar Pradesh 69 Table 3.20 Magnitude of crop loss due to pests, disease and weed infestation- 70 Paddy in Uttar Pradesh Table 3.21 Cost of Chemical methods adopted for pests and disease control 71 (Rs/acre)- Paddy in Uttar Pradesh Table 3.22 Extension services for pests and disease control management in paddy 71 in Uttar Pradesh Table 3.23 Constraints faced in cultivation of paddy in West Bengal 72 Table 3.24 Magnitude of crop loss due to pests, disease and weed infestation- 73 Paddy in West Bengal Table 3.25 Cost of Chemical methods adopted for pests and disease control 73 (Rs/acre)- Paddy in West Bengal Table 3.26 Extension services for pests and disease control management in paddy 74 in West Bengal Table 3.27 Constraints faced in cultivation of wheat in Assam 75 Table 3.28 Magnitude of crop loss due to pests, disease and weed infestation- 75 wheat in Assam Table 3.29 Cost of Chemical methods adopted for pests and disease control - 76 Wheat in Assam Table 3.30 Extension services on pests and disease management in wheat in 76 Assam Table 3.31 Constraints faced in cultivation of wheat in Punjab 77 Table 3.32 Magnitude of crop loss due to pests, disease and weed infestation- 78 wheat in Punjab Table 3.33 Cost of Chemical methods adopted for pests and disease control - 78 Wheat in Punjab Table 3.34 Extension services on pests and disease management in wheat in 79 Punjab Table 3.35 Constraints faced in cultivation of wheat in Madhya Pradesh 80 Table 3.36 Magnitude of crop loss due to pests, disease and weed infestation- 80 wheat in Madhya Pradesh Table 3.37 Cost of Chemical methods adopted for pests and disease control - 81 Wheat in Madhya Pradesh Table 3.38 Extension services on pests and disease management in wheat in 82 Madhya Pradesh Table 3.39 Constraints faced in cultivation of wheat in Uttar Pradesh 82 Table 3.40 Magnitude of crop loss due to pests, disease and weed infestation- 83 wheat in Uttar Pradesh vi Table 3.41 Cost of Chemical methods adopted for pests and disease control - 83 Wheat in Uttar Pradesh Table 3.42 Extension services on pests and disease management in wheat in Uttar 84 Pradesh Table 3.43 Constraints faced in cultivation of wheat in West Bengal 85 Table 3.44 Magnitude of crop loss due to pests, disease and weed infestation- 85 wheat in West Bengal Table 3.45 Cost of Chemical methods adopted
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