River Tyne ­ Haddington to East Linton ​ Fauna Birds ○ Carrion Crow, Wood Pigeon ○ Mute swan, Grey heron, Mallard, Dipper ○ House sparrow, Robin, Wren, Chaffinch ○ Tits: blue, great, long­tailed ○ Wagtails: pied, grey ○ Blackcap ○ Kingfisher? ○ Goosander? Mammals ○ Sheep, type? ○ Highland cattle ○ Roe Deer ○ Otter ○ Water vole? Fish ○ The Tyne was famous as a sea­trout stream and whilst these fish are still caught, the river is fished mostly for brown trout today. ○ Eels ○ three­spined stickleback Insects (Nick or duncan) ​ ○ Butterflies ■ Peacock ■ Little tortoisehell ■ Speckled wood, recent arrival ■ Orange tips ■ Ringlet ■ moth: Emporer moth, ‘eyes’ at wing tips Flora Trees ○ ??! ○ Poplar wood (downstream Sandy’s mill) Flowers ○ Bluebells ○ Daffodils ○ Dogs mercury. highly poisonous ​ ○ Vipers Bugloss ○ Sweet Cicely. Aniseed … Invasive … ■ Non­native species like Japanese knotweed and American signal crayfish cost the Scottish economy around £244 million each year. ■ If die in winter, allow bank erosion ■ So prolific, smother any other plant ○ Butterbur ○ Wild garlic/Ramsons. Fat leaves ■ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_vineale ■ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_oleraceum ○ Few­flowered garlic/leek. Thinner leaves. Edible ■ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_paradoxum ○ Himalayan balsam. 50k seeds ○ Giant hogweed. Sap causes sun blisters for years ○ Japanese knotweed. Can regenerate from thumbnail size. Locations maps: 1682 1799 OS six Inch 1850 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Haddington (pop 10k) ​ ● Haddington’s most ancient building is St Martin's Church, now ruinous but reputed to be the oldest church in Scotland. ● Bermaline Mill ● ?? Amisfield Park ● House demolished 1928 ● Council bought park 1969. ● Golf course ?? ● Trees: ○ West: Oak, lime, mostly >150yrs. Beech, spanish chestnut, larch, sycamore ○ East: Wellingtonia, firs douglas, grecian, red cedar, larch japanese, common yews ● Weir late 18C For mill lades. And fishing? ● Walled garden: Friends 1999. recently restored Abbey Bridge (or DE)/mains/farm/toll/mill ​ ​ ​ ● ELPAW: Style to gate ● Early 16th century, with repair dated 1870. Substantial bridge over River Tyne. 3 spans of pointed, drop­centred arches, including dry arch on each bank [untrue ­ 2 dry on north bank] [in 1850 map only ​ ​ one dry]. Total span of 131 ft (40.0 m) and 16 ft (4.9 m) width. Squared, regular coursed sandstone, though less regular on E parapet, possibly deriving from later repair. Piers incorporate battered cut­water buttresses. Soffits originally 5­ribbed with chamfered arrises, now complete on central span only. Parapet with dressed gabled coping, adjoins at both ends with random rubble walls with weep holes, this wall being supported by 3 rubble buttresses to NW (see listing for Amisfield Policy Walls). On W elevation only, bracketted corbel projecting slightly below parapet may indicate later road widening. Inscription over S arch (E side) indecipherable. Date of 1870 on W parapet coping indicates repair. ● Abbey Old School ○ Compact group of 3 buildings, probably dating in essence from later 18th century, though parts may be older. All 2­storey, rubble built, evidence of harling. Red pantiled roofs. ● Cistercian Convent or "Abbey" ○ The original Abbey, of which no trace appears now remain (references to which are found up till the Reformation), lay a short distance to the E. It was founded in 1178 as a priory and convent by Ada Countess of Northumberland, mother of Kings Malcolm IV and William. The Scots parliament met here on 7 July 1548 and agreed a treaty with France whereby the young Queen Mary would marry the French Dauphin. The Abbey was Cistercian and seals of 1245 and 1569 are extent ­ "Capituli Sante Marie de Hadintoun". It was probably abandoned around the end of the 16th century, and Daniel Defoe could note "...remains of an old Nunnery, not a stone of which has rested upon another within living memory". There is anecdotal evidence that the deep red stones incorporated irregularly in the structure may derive from the original Abbey. Listed Group A with Abbey Old School and Abbey Mill. Stevenson House ● c1750 ● ?? Sandy's Mill (DE) ● Mills ○ Every community. C16­19. >20 on Tyne, hundreds in Scotland, 1ks in GB. ○ Mills usually water powered, sometimes by windmill, even the tide ○ Wash, dry, grind cereals: wheat, oats, barley. ■ Wheat: most nutritious ■ Barley: Grown for malting and livestock on land too poor or too cold for wheat. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ■ Oats: Oatmeal has a long history in Scottish culinary tradition because oats are better suited ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] than wheat to the country's low temperatures and high humidity. ​ As a result oats became ​ ​ ​ the staple grain of Scotland. While oats are suitable for human consumption as oatmeal and ​ ​ rolled oats, one of the most common uses is as livestock feed. ​ ​ ​ ○ Also sawmills, waulk/fulling mills ○ Kiln dry to ensure grinding gives powder not paste ○ Long lades eg after Sandy’s mill, for Beanston mill ○ 1550­1910. Preston mill, commercial till 1959 [24] ○ In Scottish English, oats may be referred to as corn. ​ (as on maps) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ● Lade round Crow Island 1970 report…. ● Mid­late 18th century. 3­storey meal­mill, roughly rectangular in plan with later single storey threshing mill abutting to W. Random rubble with stugged ashlar dressings. ● Wheel drive unusual; as is the absence of shaking conveyors and bucket elevators. ● Milling ceased by early 1940s, waterwheel pit now silted and the lade diverted to power a generator ● N ELEVATION: entrance at ground floor, with further 1st floor doorway above. Window to 2nd floor. Kiln to right with small opening to centre below eaves. S ELEVATION: noteworthy low breastshot waterwheel to main block, measuring 426cm (outside diameter) by 150cm (width) originally with 30 wooden paddles each 3cm thick. Window at 1st and 2nd floor. Gabled 2­storey single bay and single storey piend­roofed threshing mill butt joined to W. Red pantiles to mill, threshing mill and to steep truncated pyramidal roof of kiln (ventilator missing). INTERIOR: much of machinery survives; waterwheel drove 2 pairs of millstones, one for grinding, the other for shelling. A grain bruiser, pearl barley wheel and gearing also remain. The sack hoist is of interest; could be operated from any floor, has a dog clutch and automatic and manual disengaging device. Kiln floor is 30cm below 2nd floor level of the mill; constructed of cast­iron perforated plates. Single bagging outlet from kiln floor to mill. Access to kiln firebox external; internal route blocked. Beanston Mill ● Beanston Mains, cottages ● Remains: roofed storehouse? Walls a few feet high. Recently stabilised. ● Lade blocked at Sandy’s Mill, but a trickle still from field run­off ● Brick chimney, prob mill converted to steam, powered by wood or coal Bearford burn ● ?? Monk(s)mill island ● (Monksmuir caravan park) Collapsed bank ● Closed for months. £10k Traprain law (Dunpendyrlaw) ​ ● Geology: 300m BC Laccolith, volcanic origin ○ Sill, but thicker magma, doesn’t escape, mushroom shape ○ Cools slowly underground, so harder ● Excavations 1914­23, 39, 47 ○ Rabbits disturb archeology ○ 1500 BC burials, Iron age, ramparts 1000 BC. Occupied 40­430 AD, forts x3 max 40 acres. Votadini ○ 1919 Roman silver hoard, sliced & folded, 53lb +x4 gallic coins. Date 5C. Raid or mercenary payment ○ Stone & timber house remains ● King Loth C6 ​ ○ In legend, Traprain Law was the cliff from which Thenaw, the mother of St Mungo, was thrown when ​ ​ ​ ​ her father, King Lot or Leudonus, discovered she was pregnant by Owain mab Urien. Saved by ​ ​ ​ ​ divine providence, she was transported by boat to Saint Serf's community in Culross, where she ​ ​ ​ ​ gave birth to Kentigern, later also known as Mungo. ​ ​ ○ King Arthur’s brother­in­law. King of the Gododdin ​ ○ Daughter Teneu refused Welsh knight? Oswain. "Scotland's first recorded rape victim, battered ​ ​ ​ woman and unmarried mother" ○ Pregnant so punished, thrown from south cliff. ○ Lived, so cast off in a coracle at Aberlady/took a boat? ○ Brought up by St Serf in Culross. Son Kentigern, nickname Mungo ○ Founder of Glasgow. She became St Enoch, son St Kentigern ○ Mungo's four miracles: ■ Here is the bird that never flew ■ Here is the tree that never grew ■ Here is the bell that never rang ■ Here is the fish that never swam ● Fire 2008? Burned for weeks ● Exmoor ponies replaced sheep Hailes Castle Historic Scotland Trans E Lothian Antiq Fld Natur Soc ​ ​ ​ ​ ● Lord lifestyle. Dinner & leftovers. Travelling. Pit prison ● 1300 fortified manor house.14C, 15C 16C additions ● Ownership: ○ 1200 De gourlays, forfeited after wars of independence to ○ 1300 Hepburns, fortified it. The Hepburns’ castle occasionally had brushes with war and siege, but its greatest claim to fame is its association with James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell. He became Mary Queen of Scots’ third husband in 1567. He may well have been born in the castle. Following his flight into exile after Mary’s capture, Hailes Castle quickly declined. ○ At the end of the 18th century the west tower was complete, and the chapel building was roofed and used as a granary. ○ 1926 State guardianship, now Historic Scotland administered ​ ​ ○ 2008 Lordship and Barony of Hailes is Sam Malin billionaire in oil. Paid £250k? ​ ​ ​ ​ ● HAILES (East lothian). Little hill. Choillen, little hill. C is silent, and has been made s instead of ie ​ ​ ● HAILES (midlothian). Green Plain. Ailean, level green place. H had been prefixed to facilitate ​ ​ pronunciation, and an had been made s instead of