2018-2019 Annual Report to the Board of County Commissioners of Miami-Dade County

December 2019

INTRODUCTION The Children’s Trust submits this annual report in the With the board’s continued strategic and funding statutory format to the Board of County Commissioners guidance, The Children’s Trust released and awarded of Miami-Dade County to summarize our goals and more than a dozen grant opportunities last year for activities in accordance with Section 2-1525(e) of the community services supporting Miami-Dade children, Miami-Dade County Code for fiscal year 2018-19. The youth and families across investment areas. This was a programs, objectives and activities of The Children’s year of significant innovation and growth, as The Trust are consistent with the goals established by Section Children’s Trust launched seven new or revamped 125.901, Florida Statutes, to provide and maintain initiatives. For example, within our Thrive by 5 early preventive, developmental and other services for all childhood investments, updated components include: children’s general welfare; to collect information and • The Quality Improvement System (QIS) statistical data as well as to conduct research helpful to determining the needs of children in the county; and to • Teaching Strategies GOLD® formative child consult and coordinate with other agencies dedicated to assessment supports the welfare of children to prevent overlapping services • Infant and early childhood mental health and to fill critical gaps. Our mission places great emphasis consultation on our role within the community, as does our vision, • Book Club expansion which is one of shared efforts. The Children’s Trust also launched its Parent Club late last year to offer free, countywide workshops on relevant The Children’s Trust partners with MISSION: topics about raising children to be successful, healthy, the community to plan, advocate for and and happy. Events in English, Spanish and Creole, fund strategic investments that improve the available at flexible hours and locations, aim to reach and lives of all children and families in Miami- support large numbers of parents. Dade County. Professional development supports for provider staff VISION: The Children’s Trust envisions a were offered last year, as we rolled out The Trust Academy’s new online learning management system; community that works together to provide the sponsored the Miami International Child and Adolescent essential foundations to enable children to Mental Health and the Zero to Three national annual achieve their full potential. conferences; and launched a needs assessment to better

determine supports to offer family service providers. Fiscal year 2018-19 marked the start of new funding The Children’s Trust information technology (IT) system, cycles for most of our major initiatives, including priority known as Trust Central, was awarded the Special investments made through 359 contracts with 213 District’s Technology Innovation Award this year. agencies (see pages 35-37 for list of contracted service Continued data system development and improvements providers and map of service sites) in the areas of: supported The Children’s Trust goal of being a data- • Thrive by 5 Early Childhood Development informed, learning organization. This included the replacement of the school health data system, which • Youth Development increased functionality with a cost savings of more than • Health & Wellness $300,000 annually. The South Florida Business Journal • Parenting named The Children’s Trust Chief Information Officer, • Family & Neighborhood Supports Stephanie Sylvestre, CIO of the year in 2019. • Special Populations For the seventh year, and consistent with The Children’s • Community Awareness & Advocacy Trust history of quality and sound financial practices, our • Program & Professional Development Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) as of September 30, 2018, was yet again awarded the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting.

1 The main content of this document (pages 4-34) provides critical services for children and families in our highlights our investments over the past year, including community. With the 12.73 percent increase to ad a description, rationale for investing and program results valorem taxes at the 2019-20 adopted millage rate of for each initiative. No organization that aims at the sort 0.4680 mills, The Trust will also continue to rely on the of results we do can succeed on its own (see our Headline use of its existing reserves to support the funding of Community Results on pages 39-40). Partnerships and program services. The median taxable value for collaborations are critical to improving community-level residential property with a $50,000 homestead indicators. Our coordinated efforts include work with exemption for the 2019-20 tax year is $45.87 versus other funders, policymakers, public and private $43.00 in 2018-19, when using the adopted millage rate children’s agencies, faith-based communities, families, for the applicable year, representing a minimal increase community stakeholders and residents. of $2.87 from the prior year. Spending over the past year has been in line with the For the fourth consecutive fiscal year, The Children’s board’s priorities and the approved budget (see page 3). Trust will budget a net decrease in management Youth development remains our largest investment area, expenses to leverage as many resources as possible for followed by early childhood programs, health and contracted services. The total management expenses wellness, and parenting. The Children’s Trust will decrease over four years is approximately $822,000. The continue to fund an expansive and high-quality portfolio 2019-20 budget reflects management expenses of 6.29 of prevention and early intervention programs for all percent of total expense, an all-time low, leaving 91.3 children, and especially for those at greater risk due to percent dedicated to funding supports for children and family and community conditions. We have continued families. our commitment, both in number and quality, to the full participation of children with special needs in all programs we fund. The Children's Trust 2018-19 Management Letter and Audited Financial Report will be submitted to the Board of County Commissioners upon completion, by April 15, 2020. 2019-20 BUDGET & MILLAGE RATE The approved 2019-20 original budget includes total operating expenditures of $165.1 million, the largest operating budget in Trust history, and total ad valorem A detailed budget is presented for continuing activities, tax revenues of approximately $138.2 million. Prior to services and programs offered by The Children’s Trust the commencement of the fiscal year 2018-19, The Trust (see page 3). The budget aligns with our strategic plan committed to expending at least $28.5 million annually and enables The Trust to fully fund existing programs and and $142.5 million over the 5-year cycle in additional continue to expand services across priority investment funds earmarked for program services for the fiscal years areas in response to great community needs. 2019-23. This five-year commitment continues to emphasize the importance of program spending that

2 STRATEGIC PLAN PRIORITY INVESTMENTS

THRIVE BY 5 - EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT FAMILY & NEIGHBORHOOD SUPPORTS • Early child care quality improvement (p. 5) • 211 Helpline (p. 21) • Early child care access for those in need (p.7) • Together for children (p. 21) • Developmental screening, assessment & early intervention • Place-based service partnerships (p. 22) (p. 7) • Countywide partnerships (p. 23) • Early childhood community research partnerships (p. 7) SPECIAL POPULATIONS YOUTH DEVELOPMENT • Children with disabilities (p. 25) • K-5th grade after-school programs & summer camps (p. 9) • High poverty neighborhoods (p. 26) • 6-12th grade after-school programs & summer camps (p. 10) • Special funder collaboration partnerships (p. 11) COMMUNITY AWARENESS & ADVOCACY • Promote public policy, advocacy & legislative agenda (p. 28) HEALTH & WELLNESS • Public awareness & program promotion (p. 28) • School-based health (p. 13) • Promote citizen engagement & leadership (p. 29) • Vision follow-up services (p. 14) • Cross-funder collaboration (p. 29) • Oral health training & preventive services (p. 14) • Food & nutrition services (p. 14) PROGRAM & PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT • Benefits enrollment (p. 15) • Supports for quality program implementation, fiscal & • Injury prevention education (p. 15) administrative functions (p. 32) • Program evaluation & community research (p. 33) PARENTING • Innovation fund (p. 34) • Continuum of care (p. 17) • Universal services (Parenting Our Children newsletter, The ADDITIONAL AREAS OF INTEREST Children’s Trust Parent Club & Read to Learn) (p. 18) • Contracted service providers (p. 35) • Selective services (parenting education & home visiting) • Map of funded program service sites (p. 38) (p. 18) • Headline community results & indicators (p. 39) • Indicated services (family behavioral health) (p. 19) • End notes (p. 42)

BUDGET BY PRIORITY INVESTMENT AREA 2018-19 BUDGETED 2019-20 BUDGETED PERCENTAGE DESCRIPTION EXPENDITURES EXPENDITURES DIFFERENCE SUSTAIN & EXPAND DIRECT SERVICES Parenting 17,773,000 17,773,000 - Thrive by 5 (early childhood development) 28,791,017 28,791,017 - Youth development 59,317,832 59,828,817 0.86% Health & wellness 20,779,306 20,779,306 - Family & neighborhood supports 11,688,108 11,688,108 - TOTAL SUSTAIN & EXPAND DIRECT SERVICES $ 138,349,263 $ 138,860,248 0.37% COMMUNITY AWARENESS & ADVOCACY Promote public policy & legislative agendas 215,300 215,300 - Public awareness & program promotion 2,969,000 2,969,000 - Promote citizen engagement & leadership 1,115,000 1,115,000 - Cross-funder collaboration 1,735,000 1,735,000 - TOTAL COMMUNITY AWARENESS & ADVOCACY $ 6,034,300 $ 6,034,300 - PROGRAM & PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Supports for quality program implementation 3,100,000 3,100,000 - Information technology 800,000 950,000 18.75% Program evaluation & community research 500,000 500,000 - Innovation fund 1,400,000 1,250,000 -10.71% TOTAL PROGRAM & PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT $ 5,800,000 $ 5,800,000 - ADMINISTRATION & NON-OPERATING EXPENDITURES Management of The Children's Trust 10,388,703 10,383,703 -0.05% Non-operating expenditures 3,764,846 4,048,290 7.53% TOTAL ADMINISTRATION & NON-OPERATING EXPENDITURES $ 14,153,549 $ 14,431,993 1.97% TOTAL $ 164,337,112 $ 165,126,541 0.48%

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THRIVE BY 5 EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT • Early child care quality improvement • Early child care access for those in need • Developmental screening, assessment & early intervention • Early childhood community research partnerships

4 THRIVE BY 5 - EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

SCHOOL READINESS is about children, families, early learning environments, schools and communities. For children to build capabilities across key developmental domains, such as health, physical, cognitive, social-emotional and approaches to learning, families must be ready to support their children's learning, and schools must be ready to meet the needs of all children.

The Children's Trust recognizes the importance of early brain development and its impact on later life success. As a result, we invest in a continuum of supports for early childhood development and school readiness. Thrive by 5 strategies focus on: improving the quality of early child care and education programs; increasing access to these programs for those in greatest need; and encouraging developmental screening, assessment, and when needed, early intervention for all children. Although not detailed in this section, investments within parenting, such as home visiting and early literacy supports, and in early childhood health are also part of Thrive by 5.

EARLY CHILD CARE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT UNIVERSAL WORKFORCE SUPPORTS Early child care directors and teaching staff can also access career advising services, professional development trainings and formal educational scholarships. There are a wide range of bilingual opportunities available, including college credit-earning courses and continuing education unit (CEU)-bearing trainings. As of August 2019, nearly 3,500 educators across the county benefitted from these professional development supports.

Early learning teachers from more than 1,500 Miami- Dade licensed child care providers have access to salary wage supplements through the Early Childhood Educator INCENTIVE$ Florida Project, where last year the median educator award was $1,125. Turnover among recipients decreased from 14 to six percent from 2017-18 to 2018- 19, compared with national average annual turnover rates for child care staff of 30 percent. 5 THRIVE BY 5 - EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT SYSTEM SUPPORTS

In late 2018, the Thrive by 5 Early Learning Quality Improvement System (QIS) was launched as a revamp of prior QIS efforts to increase access to high-quality early learning for young children in low-income neighborhoods. The QIS builds on prior Trust efforts, evaluation and board policy guidance, as well as the state's early learning performance funding project. Functioning through an equity lens and collective impact approach, the QIS intervenes across systems to promote MENTAL HEALTH CONSULTATION: The QIS strives to healthy development for children living in poverty by support child social and emotional development and helping to build two-generational economic stability for improve the capacity of early care providers to address families. the mental health needs and challenging behaviors that place children at greatest risk for negative outcomes. For the 2018-19 fiscal year, 189 licensed child care Infant and early childhood mental health consultation programs participated in the QIS, which requires (I/ECMH), based on the Georgetown model, supports providers to meet all the following criteria: early learning program directors, teaching staff and children. From December 2018 through July 2019 (8 months), 96 programs and 197 classrooms enrolled, and each received an average of 11 hours of one-on-one support from a licensed I/ECMH consultant.

TEACHING STRATEGIES GOLD®: Supports are critical to ensure the appropriate use of formative child TIERED PAYMENT DIFFERENTIALS: With tight budgets assessment to individualize learning environments, a and uncertain funding, many early learning programs required component in the highest program quality tiers. find investment in quality improvements difficult. Thrive Technical assistance for educators and administrators by 5 QIS adds financial incentives to support quality early connects standards with curriculum to ultimately learning. Programs are categorized into quality tiers, facilitate and document children’s learning. Participants from one to five (lowest to highest quality), based on learn to collect, analyze and use the GOLD® assessment Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS®) system to evaluate child knowledge, skills and assessments measuring teacher-child interactions. dispositions through coaching, mentoring and communities of practice. Child care staff communicate Programs at tiers two and above receive payment with families through a feedback loop to demonstrate differentials for all children ages birth to five years child progress and K-readiness. In 2019, 30 programs attending their program (not only SR). Tiered payments enrolled, including 273 teachers and the 1,830 children range from three to 15 percent to incentivize programs they serve. to reach and sustain higher levels of quality early learning.

6 THRIVE BY 5 - EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

EARLY CHILD CARE ACCESS FOR AUTISM ASSESSMENT THOSE IN NEED Diagnostic evaluations are conducted by specialized clinicians for children who present behaviors suggestive In addition to improving child care quality, there is a need of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and support school in our community to increase the actual number of placement, interventions and/or specialized learning available high-quality care program slots. To support this environments. In 2018-19, 86 percent of 99 children goal, The Children’s Trust matches funding through assessed were diagnosed with ASD. community partners for the federal Early Head Start- Child Care Partnership (EHS-CCP) and Florida Child Care EARLY DISCOVERY Executive Partnership (CCEP). These child care program This program fills the gap in providing care coordination slots are filled by children living in/near poverty, children and early intervention services for children with mild with disabilities, children of farm workers and children developmental delays who do not meet state-defined at-risk of neglect and abuse. Participating programs also criteria to receive early intervention services through the support labor force participation among parents. When Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), part B families are financially secure, this improves childhood or C. Last year, 518 children were served with an average experiences at home and school readiness. of 8 sessions, and 86 percent of participants enrolled in public schools did not need special education placement. EARLY INTERVENTION SUMMER CAMPS Many young children who qualify for intensive early intervention programming through IDEA are only In addition, Thrive by 5 offers child care scholarships for provided with school-year services. Children are at-risk families who exceed SR subsidy eligibility (i.e., up to 150 of losing progress during the summer. Specialized percent of federal poverty level) but still cannot afford summer camps use evidence-based curricula to develop the high cost of quality child care (for families up to 300 motor, cognitive, language, literacy, social, emotional, percent). Scholarships must be utilized at high-quality, physical, and self-care skills. The aim is for children to tier four or five programs. In turn, these programs maintain or improve their developmental skills, achieve benefit from increased enrollment and are encouraged school readiness, and develop their full potential. Last to sustain their high levels of quality. summer, 95 percent of the 660 children served maintained or improved their overall developmental levels.

EARLY CHILDHOOD COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING, RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS ASSESSMENT & EARLY INTERVENTION These partnerships between community-based Early detection and intervention are critical to putting organizations and research experts evaluate successful young children on their best developmental trajectory. early childhood programming from elsewhere and adapt it to Miami-Dade County. Demonstration program UNIVERSAL SCREENING results can inform The Trust about programs and services Help Me Grow is a national model with a statewide that warrant consideration for scaling. Seven ongoing network that ensures all children (birth to 8 years) have projects are evaluating early child care social-emotional the best possible start in life by providing free learning supports for teachers and children; early literacy developmental and behavioral screenings and supports and school readiness in high-need classrooms; connecting them with resources they need to succeed. early childhood inclusion care for children with visual During 2018-19, 774 Miami-Dade children were served impairment; and therapeutic parent-child interventions through this Trust-funded initiative, and 51 percent of for families experiencing homelessness. In 2018-19, screenings resulted in a concern or need for monitoring. 2,351 children, 189 teachers, and 239 parents were served across 54 sites. 7

YOUTH DEVELOPMENT • K-5th grade after-school programs & summer camps • 6-12th grade after-school programs & summer camps • Special funder collaboration partnerships

8 YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

Youth development programs are accessible, affordable, accountable and inclusive, providing school-age children and youth enriching opportunities after school and during the summer. Quality youth development programs have been shown to increase school attendance, improve academic performance, decrease risky behaviors, prevent summer learning loss, and support working families. The Children’s Trust invests in several contracts offering opportunities for school-age children and youth.

th instruction was added as a requirement last year to K-5 GRADE AFTER-SCHOOL further support children who are reading below grade PROGRAMS & SUMMER CAMPS level by providing them with individualized, small-group Elementary school children of working parents need instruction. In addition, programs may specialize in STEM access to high-quality after-school programming and (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), summer camps. These programs provide academic arts, civic engagement and/or specialized programming support, facilitate social skills development, complement for children with disabilities. school and family supports, as well as provide a safe and supervised environment. These protective factors have Timeframe Programs Sites Children long term effects for youth quality of life. For example, 2018-19 school year 86 186 13,543 after-school program enrollment can improve academic 2019 summer 88 167 13,932 success, homework completion, and prevent Annual Total 96 216 22, 579 absenteeism. Summer programming not only provides a safe and engaging environment for the summer, but also safeguards against summer learning loss, which is often more significant for lower income students and tends to accumulate over time, widening achievement gaps, particularly for reading.1,2

The 2019 Summer Reading Explorers program assessed 2,020 children in the summer before they entered The Children’s Trust’s largest signature initiative, youth kindergarten, first and second grade at 70 camp sites. development for grades K through fifth, funds They identified 1,108 as struggling readers who then organizations that offer high-quality after-school received small group intervention for an average of 19 programs and summer camps. These programs sessions over the summer. Seventy percent of implement evidence-based practices in reading/ literacy, participants increased or maintained reading levels at fitness, homework completion and social-emotional instructional or higher, and 188 students were referred learning skills, as well as provide nutritious food and for follow-up school-year services. family involvement activities. Differentiated literacy

9 YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

6-12th GRADE AFTER-SCHOOL Timeframe Programs Sites Children PROGRAMS & SUMMER CAMPS 2018-19 school year 59 111 4,494 After-school programs have the potential to support the 2019 summer 61 106 4,306 healthy development of youth in a multitude of ways Annual Total 76 155 7,722 including increasing school attendance, improving academic performance, preventing summer slide, supporting mental health and decreasing risky behaviors.3 Teens who are supervised when out of school will obviously be less likely to take risks that might get them into trouble. Summer months pose similar risks for disengaged youth. First-time use of most substances peak during June and July, when on an average single day more than 11,000 youth used alcohol for the first time, more than 5,000 youth smoked cigarettes for the first time, and more than 4,800 youth used marijuana for the first time, according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.4 The hours youth are not supervised or participating in structured activities are not only times of risk, but also times of lost opportunity to develop competencies and skills to succeed in school and life. Youth’s constructive use of out-of-school time has been associated with higher grades, interest in furthering education, positive social development, enhanced self-image, reduced risk- taking behavior and absences from school, and better behavior in school.

SCHOOL-YEAR PROGRAMMING Programs must engage youth for a minimum of 50 days face-to-face and at least 150 hours of program participation in the school year. Academic support and

job training are unique to school-year programming. Job Through the youth development 6-12 initiative, a variety training offers youth in-depth exploration of specific of after-school and summer enrichment opportunities career interests and pathways, as well as development of are offered focusing on academic success, social important workplace skills. Job training programs work emotional learning, and at least one specific additional to prepare youth for job placement through the Summer skill-building opportunity to help youth explore careers Youth Internship Program. and topics of interest as they grow towards adulthood. Specialized programming includes job training, job SUMMER PROGRAMMING coaching, arts, STEM, civic engagement, sports, entrepreneurship and college readiness. Programs must engage youth for a minimum of 15 days face-to-face and at least 90 hours of program

participation in the summer. Interested youth are also supported in applying for and participating in The Trust’s paid summer employment initiative.

10 YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

SPECIAL FUNDER COLLABORATION Miami-Dade County to fund nonprofit organizations providing cultural arts education and enrichment. In PARTNERSHIPS 2018-19, there were 105,392 children and youth The Summer Youth Internship Program (SYIP) is a five- engaged in arts programming, and 2,790 experienced week, work-based learning experience sponsored by The ongoing, intensive arts or science programs. Children’s Trust, Miami-Dade County, Career Source of Miami-Dade County’s Public Library System (MDPLS) South Florida, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, JPMorgan offers science-technology-engineering-arts-math, or Chase and the Foundation for New Education Initiatives. STEAM-based programming, and academic tutoring. A Managed by the Department of Career and Technical Technobus brings instruction and digital services into the Education at Miami-Dade County Public Schools, SYIP community, providing access to high-tech programming, provides meaningful paid summer internships (150 work tools and projects in a nurturing environment. On th th hours) for high school students (going into 10 to 12 average, the Technobus visits more than 48 service stops grade, ages 15-18) that offer real-life experience in and engages about 500 people each month. In addition, practical settings with professionals in the community. In MDPLS employs 80 part-time tutors (certified teachers) summer 2019, 3,045 students successfully completed for small groups of students (K-12) to promote literacy internships. Student placements are supported by a and learning with free tutoring in reading, math and teacher who monitors progress over the summer science at 27 library sites across the county. To date, the through visits and the students’ completion of tutoring program has served an average of 1,000 assignments. All interns open a credit union savings students weekly. account where they are paid by direct deposit. Those who complete the internship receive high school credit, U.S. Soccer Foundation is the pre-eminent expert using with some earning college credit through the dual soccer as a vehicle to improve the health and social enrollment program. The program has an intentional outcomes of children in underserved communities. focus on engaging high-need youth, including youth with Partners deliver the Soccer for Success program disabilities and low-income students. curriculum at 47 sites throughout Miami-Dade County. The Foundation provides funding, materials, equipment, program curriculum and training. The program offers structured physical activity, nutrition education and mentoring. During the 2018-19 school year, 2,259 participants were served.

Big Brothers Big Sisters provides individual and group mentoring to support at-risk youth. In the first 17 months of this funder collaboration (4/18-9/19), 3,098 youth Miami-Dade County’s Department of Cultural Affairs were served, and 95 percent maintained or improved in engages children and youth in cultural arts programs at least four of the measured outcomes, such as throughout the county. To make arts programming more academic performance, attitudes toward risky behavior, accessible, The Children’s Trust provides $1.5 million in family connectedness and having a very important non- matching funds for the $3,961,153 contributed by parent adult on whom to rely. 11

HEALTH & WELLNESS • School-based health • Vision follow-up services • Oral health training & preventive services • Food & nutrition services • Benefits enrollment • Injury prevention education

12 HEALTH & WELLNESS

The Children’s Trust health and wellness investments include multiple strategies: school-based health, vision follow-up services, oral health training and preventive services, food and nutrition services, benefits enrollment, and injury prevention education. A child’s health and wellness significantly impact learning, behavior and overall quality of life. Our strategies take into consideration the powerful influence of social determinants on health and well-being. Thus, Trust investments aim to increase access to services for children who lack health resources and are under- or uninsured.

SCHOOL-BASED HEALTH Equally important, behavioral health services are critical to ensure social-emotional well-being and contribute to Families who lack health insurance or are under-insured, student academic achievement and attendance. Social low-income or have children with special needs can workers and other school-based mental health 5 especially benefit from school-based health centers. professionals are often the primary source of mental School-based health centers save an estimated $30 to health support received by students. Social work and 6 $969 per visit in Medicaid costs. mental health services include screening, assessment, A collaborative partnership between The Children’s prevention programming, psychosocial counseling and Trust, Miami-Dade County Public Schools and the Florida family consultation. Notably, the City of Miami Beach Department of Health in Miami-Dade County enables six and neighboring municipalities contributed $174,100 to health care agencies to provide nursing, social work and ensure behavioral health enhancements in all eight mental health services in about half of all public Miami Beach public schools. elementary, K-8, middle and senior high schools (145 sites). The overarching goal is to improve access to quality health care through delivery of basic services in schools and community referrals. Services promote a healthy school environment that identifies, prevents and remedies student health problems. A new school health reporting system implemented last year increased functionality with a yearly cost savings of more than $300,000. All school health providers bring a 25 percent match to The Children’s Trust funding. In addition, Trust funds for the four Federal Qualified Health Centers draw down dollars from the state and federal Agency for Healthcare Administration’s Low-Income Pool (LIP) program for the provision of health care services for Multiple screenings are indicators of child well-being and uninsured/underinsured populations in Miami-Dade. positive long-term development. Specifically, BMI is an indicator of cardiovascular disease risk. As such, the Last year, 90,175 students were served with 346,766 Florida Department of Health requires BMI screenings health visits, including nursing, social work and mental for students in grades 1, 3 and 6. The Children’s Trust health encounters, vision, oral health and body mass school health sites conduct additional BMI screenings in index (BMI) screenings. Nursing care includes early grade 9, based on its importance. detection, disease prevention and health promotion.

13 HEALTH & WELLNESS

VISION FOLLOW-UP SERVICES caused by pain were associated with poorer school Vision impacts a child’s physical, cognitive and social performance.9 As noted previously, school-based health development, and vision functioning is a predictor of programming includes regular oral health screenings to academic achievement for school-age children.7 Early identify risk factors for oral disease. All school health identification of vision problems is critical to a child’s nurses receive specific training and coaching to conduct health and school outcomes. As noted above, school- oral health screening, prevention and referrals. based health programming includes regular vision screenings to identify potential deficits. In addition, the Florida Department of Health requires mandatory vision screenings for students in grades K, 1, 3, and 6. The Children’s Trust vision health programming Oral health education and preventive services are also conducts the state mandatory screenings for students in offered in the community for uninsured or under-insured school-based health programs. preschool and elementary children attending Trust- affiliated early child care and Trust-funded after-school and summer programs. Services include oral health education and counseling, screening for oral diseases, fluoride varnish application, dental sealants, and referrals for connection to a dental home for comprehensive continuity of care and any needed restorative services.

The comprehensive vision follow-up program offers free eye examinations and prescription eyeglasses for FOOD & NUTRITION SERVICES preschool and school-age children who are financially disadvantaged . The primary goals are early detection of Healthy foods and nutrition are especially important for vision impairments, facilitation of access to vision care, growth and development during childhood and and promotion of optimal visual functioning to ensure adolescence. All Trust-funded after-school and summer students succeed academically and socially. youth development programs provide nutritious snacks, meals and beverages that meet U.S. Department of Agriculture requirements. The focus is to improve children’s health by offering healthy and satisfying snacks and meals that are nutrient-dense and low in fat, from the After-school Meals Program, which provides snacks and suppers during the school year. ORAL HEALTH TRAINING & PREVENTIVE SERVICES Oral diseases significantly affect all facets of life, impacting children’s well-being, school attendance and performance, learning and social relationships. Tooth decay is the most common chronic disease of childhood. More than 51 million school hours are lost each year due to dental-related illness.8 One study found children with poor oral health status nearly three times more likely to miss school as a result of dental pain, and absences

14 HEALTH & WELLNESS

Food and nutrition-related supports for programs individual family members. In total, 4,972 individuals include monitoring, food acquisition and distribution, were approved for a benefit. meal planning and facilitation of applications to Florida Department of Health for the federally subsidized program. Providing nutritious sustenance in structured after-school settings is critical to learning and engagement, and for some children this may also be their best opportunity for a hot meal in the evening.

INJURY PREVENTION EDUCATION Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of emergency room visits, hospitalizations and death among children in the United States.11 In Miami-Dade County, there were BENEFITS ENROLLMENT 35,558 emergency room visits by children due to Historically, The Children’s Trust focused benefits unintentional injuries in 2018.12 In that same year, there enrollment supports on health insurance. Beginning with were 714 hospitalizations13 and 43 deaths of children the 2018-19 funding cycle, the focus shifted to due to unintentional injuries.14 emphasize broader public benefits enrollment, still Injuries can lead to physical, cognitive and emotional inclusive of health insurance enrollment supports. trauma, school absences, performance impairment, and Although no single strategy can increase enrollment in family and financial stress. According to the Centers for public benefit programs, strong community Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the cost of partnerships, combined broad and targeted outreach unintentional injuries among children 17 years and under strategies, and one-on-one enrollment assistance are in Florida was more than $564 million in 2010.15 While strongly associated with increased enrollment rates. they vary by age, the primary causes of serious and fatal Services aim to maximize economic benefits for low- child injury are motor vehicle crashes, firearm injury, income children and their families, ultimately drowning, poisoning or overdose, and strangulation or contributing to the broader local economy and child well- suffocation. being. In addition to reducing children’s poverty and Trust funding supports Miami’s Injury Free Coalition for hunger, public nutrition benefits like food stamps during Kids, which provides multilingual, interactive education childhood are associated with health, school success, for parents, caregivers and youth focused specifically on graduation and adult economic success.10 home safety, child passenger safety and teen driving Priority benefits programs supported through this safety. The Coalition also certifies child passenger safety initiative include any family-relevant federal means- technicians and promotes media-assisted awareness- tested programs, as well as other entitlement and raising on injury prevention topics. A new 40-foot mobile assistance programs, including but not limited to Special education bus was purchased last year and will be Supplemental Nutrition Program to Women, Infants, and utilized in coming years to bring this critical education to Children (WIC), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance key community locations. Education must be ongoing to Program (SNAP), Medicaid and KidCare (Florida’s address the growing community and its evolving needs. Children’s Health Insurance Program), Head Start and Last year, the Coalition provided 180 trainings for 1,263 Early Head Start. individuals. In the last year, 2,115 families were supported in enrollment in at least one benefit program. Many families are assisted with multiple benefits for several

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PARENTING • Universal services (Parenting Our Children newsletter, The Children’s Trust Parent Club & Read to Learn) • Selective services (Parenting education & home visiting) • Indicated services (Family behavioral health)

16 PARENTING

Effective, consistent and supportive parenting prepares children for a lifetime of success. Specifically, improved parenting strengthens positive child outcomes related to emotional, behavioral, social and cognitive competence, as well as physical health and safety. By investing in a continuum of more than 15 evidence-based and promising parenting programs, The Children’s Trust affords Miami-Dade families the opportunity to choose from a range of programs one that suits their needs and preferences. All parents have questions and concerns about their children, but not everyone has trusted sources for answers and support. And some families experience greater stressors than others, resulting in children entering the dependency system due to abandonment, abuse or neglect by parents or primary caregivers.

While the child maltreatment rate has been declining, we know that communities with higher immigrant populations often have artificially suppressed abuse reporting due to fear of contact with authorities linked to deportation, placing immigrant children at an increased risk. Children birth to five are also amongst the most vulnerable. Most children in the child welfare system are placed within in-home care (versus out-of-home), and thus can benefit from more intensive parenting programs. The parenting continuum of care aims to support nurturing families that ensure children are safe and thriving. High-quality information for parents can make and a difference for all families.16 The parenting continuum of care spans from the prenatal period through transition to adulthood, with several programs supporting the Thrive by 5 initiative by specifically targeting parents with young children.

17 PARENTING

UNIVERSAL SERVICES Reach Out & Read, a national model endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, champions the positive PARENTING OUR CHILDREN NEWSLETTER effects of reading daily and engaging in other language- This brief, informative resource, produced monthly in rich activities with young children. The program provides English, Spanish and Haitian Creole, covers timely and families with children six months to five years of age with engaging parenting topics. Distribution includes developmentally-age-appropriate books in English, electronic subscribers, as well as printed copies Spanish and Haitian Creole, accompanied by pediatrician circulated across Miami-Dade County at schools, child guidance about reading aloud. The program is available care, government offices, community outreach events, in 62 pediatric clinics across the county. faith-based institutions, health care and community Books for Free solicits new and gently used books service sites. through book drives, which are then strategically placed in 65 bookshelves at select community sites for children birth to age eight to take home and keep at no cost. Distribution sites include public places where parents and children frequent, such as Women, Infants and Children (WIC) locations and community organizations in THE CHILDREN’S TRUST PARENT CLUB under-resourced neighborhoods throughout the county. The Parent Club was initially launched in September 2019 The Book Club currently mails monthly age-appropriate with support from local parenting experts and Miami- books in English or Spanish with reading guides for Dade County Public Schools to offer more than a parents to nearly 4,000 registered 3-year-old children. thousand annual countywide workshops to enhance Starting in 2020, the book club will expand membership awareness and knowledge for parents with children birth to children from birth to five years of age, with an aim to to age 16. Sessions aim to strengthen social supports enroll 60 percent of the total population—about 90,000 through connecting parents with one another and linking children—within five years. There will be priority families with additional needs to appropriate services. In enrollment in 11 ZIP codes where young children face the first months of the initiative, 94 workshops were greater challenges to school readiness and early literacy offered at 53 locations, including schools, libraries and skills. other community-based organizations. Additional results will be available upon full implementation next year. SELECTIVE SERVICES READ TO LEARN PARENTING EDUCATION Read to Learn is part of a community-wide initiative to increase the number of children who read at or above Short-term group and individual parenting services offer grade level by the end of third grade. The focus across parents of children birth to 18 years an opportunity to these three initiatives is on increasing access to books for connect with and support each other as they learn and children in the early years, from birth to age eight, in practice new parenting skills through weekly structured communities with fewer resources and lower literacy parent and parent-child activities. Session content rates. includes strategies for effective communication, age- appropriate child development, behavior management, child safety and injury prevention. Services are offered in varied locations across the county, with most occurring in community agencies, schools and child care centers. Additionally, some group-based advocacy programs emphasize parent leadership development and civic involvement, allowing parents to become more engaged in child-serving systems and to advocate for their own child’s success as well as for improved family-centered services.

18 PARENTING

HOME VISITING parenting consultation, behavioral health and family therapy, with the goals of improving the parent-child Home visiting services enroll families who may be more relationship while reducing parent stress and child likely to face parenting challenges and would like support disruptive behavior. A few programs enhance their throughout their child’s early development. These multi- models with natural helper supports that encourage year programs offer education and skill-building treatment engagement and follow-through on needed opportunities for parents of children ages birth to five behavioral health, substance abuse and other parenting years. Providers offer evidence-based programs mainly services. There is coordination with several key in homes, with some sessions in pediatric offices and community initiatives with similar aims, including other other therapeutic settings on an individual basis. Trust-funded programs, the Together for Children Programs focus on child health, development and school coalition, and the delinquency and dependency systems. readiness through encouraging nurturing parent-child Funding for indicated services comes from the parenting, relationships and safe homes. Some programs serve the health and family/neighborhood supports budget lines. needs of specific at-risk subgroups and provide further individualized supports. Additionally, developmental screenings help parents understand important milestones and connect them with resources and further assessment when needed.

INDICATED SERVICES FAMILY BEHAVIORAL HEALTH Clinical intervention services are implemented individually in homes and other therapeutic settings with families and their children ages two to 18 years. Programs conduct a comprehensive needs assessment to develop a treatment plan with each family. Families receive therapeutic services, such as psychoeducation,

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FAMILY & NEIGHBORHOOD SUPPORTS • 211 Helpline • Together for children • Placed-based service partnerships • Countywide partnerships

20 FAMILY & NEIGHBORHOOD SUPPORTS

Children and youth growing up in high-poverty neighborhoods are less likely to have access to quality schools, other public services and safe places to live and play that can help them thrive.17 Children living in disadvantaged neighborhoods for sustained periods of time are less likely to achieve important adult milestones, such as graduating from high school and enrolling in and completing college.18 Just one high school dropout costs society $390,000 to $580,000. 19 Family and neighborhood supports serve vulnerable neighborhoods and populations with navigation of community resources, linkages and engagement with health, human and social service networks. In addition to a funded helpline and web-based service directory, The Children’s Trust invests in the Together for Children Coalition, place-based partnerships for families within our most vulnerable communities, and several countywide partnerships for special populations with specific needs and challenging life experiences. All place-based and countywide partnerships require a 25 percent match to Trust funding, with at least ten percent in cash from other sources.

211 HELPLINE This centralized point of coordination for information and referral for health and human services in Miami- Dade aims to efficiently offer up-to-date information ensuring children and families get the right services, at the right time and place. Telephone and text messaging assistance are available in English, Spanish or Haitian Creole, 24 hours a day, every day of the year, including TOGETHER FOR CHILDREN crisis counseling. Trained counselors use a continuously updated resource directory, which is also accessible to Together for Children is a neighborhood-driven the public on the Internet. The directory includes details community coalition of governmental, public, private, on programs, service sites, eligibility criteria and other and not-for-profit entities in Miami-Dade working to specifications for a variety of needs such as food, address the root causes of youth violence by housing, employment, health care, mental health and strengthening families and empowering and protecting more. The helpline agency provides advocacy services for youth. Six neighborhood coalitions (Homestead-Florida callers with chronic needs who are not able to address City-Naranja, Perrine-Goulds-Richmond Heights, their needs on their own due to various impeding factors. Northeast Corridor, Overtown, Miami Gardens-Opa- Locka, Liberty City-Brownsville) follow local work plans resulting from comprehensive community engagement efforts that involved 3,000 community stakeholders and more than 200 partner organizations. The Children’s Trust funds the HERO Truancy Prevention Program (formerly known as iAttend), which identifies elementary and K-8 students most at risk and provides them with the necessary prevention and intervention services to increase school attendance and reduce risk related to youth violence. Last year, the program served 10,643 students with 2,987 home visits and 634 referrals. 21 FAMILY & NEIGHBORHOOD SUPPORTS

PLACE-BASED SERVICE PARTNERSHIPS Comprehensive programs are designed to address challenges associated with concentrated poverty at the neighborhood level, such as low educational achievement, high rates of youth violence and other harmful conditions that threaten individual and community health. Individualized, needs-based wraparound services are designed to stabilize the environments of high-risk children and their families. Cross-sector collaborations are established to assist families and communities in becoming more engaged, connected and resilient. Last year, 2,328 individuals were served across 2,044 families. Families receive an average of four months of care coordination services, including engagement in family team meetings and communitywide events.

22 FAMILY & NEIGHBORHOOD SUPPORTS

COUNTYWIDE PARTNERSHIPS Countywide partnerships aim to provide critical supports YOUTH INVOLVED IN THE CHILD WELFARE SYSTEM for children, youth and families facing specific These youth generally face life “on their own” and often challenging life experiences. confront the harsh realities of life as an adult without CHILDREN EXPOSED TO FAMILY CONFLICT & family relationships and resources to support them. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Youth living in foster care must be aware of their rights to successfully transition into adulthood.22 Last year, this These children exhibit a host of behavioral and emotional partnership prepared 306 youth in the child welfare problems. For most, a strong relationship with a parent system for successful transition into adulthood. is a key factor in helping a child heal from the effects of domestic violence.20 Last year, this partnership provided behavioral health interventions and parent supports for 136 families experiencing conflict and domestic violence.

UNACCOMPANIED IMMIGRANT MINORS Children in this circumstance are not provided with legal representation unless voluntarily provided by social CHILDREN OF INCARCERATED PARENTS service agencies. Without legal representation, unaccompanied minors can spend months to years in These children lack the opportunity to maintain strong detention, face a judge alone or be unjustly deported.23 parent-child bonds. The trauma of being separated from Last year, this partnership provided legal education and a parent, along with a lack of sympathy or support from representation for 164 undocumented children living others, can increase children’s mental health issues and without their parents in Miami-Dade County. hamper educational achievement.21 Last year, this partnership supported parent-child relationships for 84 families with an incarcerated parent.

GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER OR QUESTIONING (GLBTQ) YOUTH

FAMILIES LIVING WITH DISABILITIES GLBTQ youth whose parents are supportive have better overall mental health and self-esteem, and are less likely Such families may be headed by a parent with a disability to experience depression, use illegal drugs, or and/or have children with disabilities. They often contemplate or attempt suicide.24 Last year, this interact with multiple service systems and providers, and partnership supported 147 youth. high-quality care coordination can help reduce family stress and increase resilience. Last year, this partnership helped 90 families living with disabilities navigate the service system.

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SPECIAL POPULATIONS • Children with disabilities • High poverty neighborhoods

24 SPECIAL POPULATIONS

In addition to countywide partnerships that serve youth and families facing challenging life experiences, The Children’s Trust maintains a commitment to supporting other special populations throughout Miami-Dade County. Across our investments we include children and youth with disabilities, children and youth in the dependency and delinquency systems, those experiencing homelessness, as well as those living in high poverty neighborhoods. Last year, 1,537 children in the dependency system and 467 in the delinquency system were served.

CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES depression or anxiety, speech/language condition, and visual impairment. The estimated average annual cost for a family with a child with a disability is $30,500; this amount includes the cost for childcare, reduced work hours or labor force participation, health care and other social program costs.25 More specifically, average expenditures for individuals with autism spectrum disorder are 4.1 to 6.2 times greater than for those without this condition. 26

Disability types reported include autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, intellectual disability, hearing impairment, learning disability, medical condition, physical disability, problems with aggression, problems with attention or hyperactivity, problems with

25 SPECIAL POPULATIONS

HIGH POVERTY NEIGHBORHOODS More than one in five children in Miami-Dade County live in households with incomes below the poverty line. Growing up in high poverty, children are more likely to exhibit poor physical and mental health, cognitive delays, risky sexual behavior and delinquency.27

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COMMUNITY AWARENESS & ADVOCACY • Promote public policy, advocacy & legislative agenda • Public awareness & program promotion • Promote citizen engagement & leadership • Cross-funder collaboration

27 COMMUNITY AWARENESS & ADVOCACY

PROMOTE PUBLIC POLICY, • increased funding to lower the cost of full-pay ADVOCACY & LEGISLATIVE AGENDA Florida KidCare health insurance plans; • advanced systems change for after-school programs Miami-Dade County has great needs and disparities, with and expanded state-wide learning opportunities for high poverty and associated challenges in much of our children; and community. Laws and public policies that improve the • led the convening of the Miami-Dade County Grade- lives of our children by addressing these needs are Level Reading Campaign, which engages more than greatly needed. In order to achieve this, efforts are 50 community partners actively invested in necessary to educate and sensitize legislators. Legislative improving local literacy rates. policy focus areas typically include early learning and care, health, safety, child welfare and juvenile justice. PUBLIC AWARENESS & PROGRAM The Children’s Trust plays a leading role advocating on PROMOTION behalf of Miami-Dade children and families. During the Communication and outreach efforts foster awareness, state legislative session, our weekly Capitol Connection understanding and support for our many programs and newsletter keeps the community informed about services, all geared toward building stronger families and legislative progress and actions to take on behalf of helping children reach their fullest potential. Through a children. Leadership is realized in partnership with focused, strategic approach, we utilize a full array of several statewide organizations and coalitions, including: modern media in the three main languages spoken in Miami-Dade County – English, Spanish and Haitian • Early Childhood Consortium Creole. Efforts include: • First 1,000 Days Coalition • Florida Afterschool Network (FAN) • signature events like Champions for Children and the • Florida Children and Youth Cabinet Family Expo; • Florida Children’s Council (FCC) • sponsorships of community events throughout the • Florida Covering Kids and Families county, such as the Young Talent Big Dreams talent • Florida Grade-Level Reading Campaign competition and Spooky Symphony; • Florida Healthy Kids Corporation • grassroots community outreach; • Florida Juvenile Justice Association (FJJA) • public awareness campaigns that utilize TV, radio, • Florida’s Children First out of home, digital and print advertising; • The Children’s Movement of Florida • a mobile-friendly website and app; • United Way • media appearances; • live broadcasts on social media; Similar efforts at the local level include close • printed resource materials; partnerships with United Way of Miami-Dade County • print and e-newsletters; and and the Early Learning Coalition of Miami-Dade/Monroe • feature editorial articles published in local to continue the Miami-Dade Advocacy Institute (MDAI), newspapers. which provides advocacy trainings throughout the community to youth groups, community organizations, The www.TheChildrensTrust.org website accumulated a parents and advocates. Foster Care Review is another total of 1.67M pageviews over the past 12 months, while local advocacy partner. the www.MiamiHeartGallery.org website had over 305,000 for the same period. Our email marketing list The Children’s Trust 2018-19 advocacy, policy and grows weekly, and we have solidified our presence and legislative highlights include: increased our following on six social media networks – • continued promotion of strategic state-wide two- Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Pinterest and generational approaches to ensure low-income LinkedIn. These and other vehicles advance The families’ financial stability and security and children’s Children’s Trust position as a recognized leader in positive development; planning, advocating for and funding quality services that • close work with legislative bill sponsors and improve the lives of children and families. stakeholders for polices that improve the quality and

accountability of state early learning programs;

28 COMMUNITY AWARENESS & ADVOCACY

• Served as an advisory member of the 100 Resilient Cities Workgroup to shape local policy and community planning, and on the Florida Civic Advance to shape statewide policy. • Co-hosted the third 10 Days of Connection where 186 organizations provided about 120 connection experiences, resulting in more than 90,000 local connections. • Partnered the Kiwanis of Northeast Miami-Dade and many other community partners to plan and implement the “World’s Greatest Baby Shower.” • The Youth Advisory Council (YAC) dedicated 4,022

hours of service to our community. PROMOTE CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT & The community engagement fund builds on existing LEADERSHIP community assets, encourages collaboration and Community engagement is a catalyst to release and supports the sustainability of successful programs and support the capacity for communities to find their own projects. Last year, this investment funded 40 programs solutions to problems. The Trust understands that no and seven civic engagement workshops that served amount of funding will suffice if residents themselves do 10,245 children and their families. The $741,431 of Trust not participate in improvement efforts through decision- investment leveraged about $1.79 for every dollar making and consultation. Team members work across invested—or an additional $1,324,714. the county, listening, connecting and engaging, while supporting participatory decision-making and helping CROSS-FUNDER COLLABORATION reveal and mobilize community assets, strengths and resources. Using a collective impact model, community Cross-funder collaboration around shared goals, groups lead the way supported by The Children’s Trust as strategies and resources takes the form of multiple a backbone organization that convenes and coordinates funders acting as one to align purposes and interests, partners. Working strategically with community support, pool resources and knowledge, and fund organizations the team engages neighborhoods throughout the county that address complex issues, resulting in more than can to revitalize underutilized community space. Team be accomplished alone. This investment offers local members serve as ambassadors for The Children’s Trust. match dollars to bring outside funding to Miami-Dade They listen and lend support in a multitude of ways, County. including leveraging resources from other partners to Collaborating and providing match funding permits The build trust and support community goodwill. Children’s Trust to learn from other funders’ experiences Trust-building, community empowerment and and make more effective investments; scale efforts to collaboration are by nature more challenging to quantify efficiently use resources and provide community impact; than direct services. That said, The Children’s Trust strengthen Miami-Dade’s presence regionally and continued significant inroads and progress in these nationally to attract external funds; and share endeavors. Over the past year, we accomplished the responsibility for providing organizational capacity- following. building.

• Launched a community engagement project in the • Early Childhood Education: As described in the Goulds and Liberty City neighborhoods. Thrive by 5 section, $2.5 million in Trust matching • Helped secure community collaboration through the funds draw down $22.9 million for nearly 2,500 child Together for Children initiative. care slots in the federal Early Head Start-Child Care • Actively served on the Miami-Dade County Census Partnership (EHS-CCP) and Florida Child Care 2020 Task Force. Executive Partnership (CCEP), operated by the Early Learning Coalition, United Way and Redlands Christian Migrant Association.

29 COMMUNITY AWARENESS & ADVOCACY

• Summer Youth Internship Program: As described in Soccer Foundation to serve 2,259 children at 47 sites. the Youth Development section, this match funds a The Trust’s $100,000 leverages $540,000. five-week, work-based learning experience with • Big Brothers Big Sisters: As described in the Youth Miami-Dade County, Career Source of South Florida, Development section, this match of $125,000 draws Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, JPMorgan Chase and down an additional $500,000 for individual and the Foundation for New Education Initiatives. The group mentoring for more than 3,000 at-risk youth. Trust’s $1.5 million investment draws down about • Voices for Children: This partnership with Our Kids, $3.2 million for more than 3,000 student internships. the Department of Children and Families and the • Future Bound Miami: The Children’s Trust matched Braman Foundation was focused on expanding the funding with Catalyst Miami, the City of Miami, the availability of foster care homes in the county. The Children's Movement of Florida, Miami-Dade County Trust’s $100,000 drew down $400,000. Public Schools, Sant La Haitian Neighborhood Center, • Helping Our Miami-Dade Youth (HOMY) Collective: Citibank and the United Way of Miami-Dade County This partnership to end youth homelessness involves to support the launch of children’s savings accounts more than 100 agencies. The Children’s Trust invests for more than 2,300 kindergarteners attending City $100,000, which is matched by $360,000 from the of Miami schools. The Trust’s $202,500 investment Homeless Trust through Miami Homes for All. leveraged $1.9 million. • Miami Children’s Initiative (MCI): This large-scale • Miami-Dade County Department of Cultural Affairs: social change effort in Liberty City applies a cradle- As described in the Youth Development section, this to-career strategy of providing wraparound supports match expands cultural arts programs for children and programs to children and families. The Trust’s and youth. The Trust’s $1.5 million investment $235,000 leveraged $335,645 to support early leveraged $4 million last year, engaging 105,392 childhood, after-school and summer programs. children and youth in arts experiences, and 2,790 in • Catalyst Miami’s Public Allies Program: This ongoing, intensive arts or science programs. leadership training for young adults interested in • Together for Children: As described in the Family & guiding positive community change, combines The Neighborhood Supports section, The Children’s Trust Trust’s $100,000 investment with $276,476 in other supports this neighborhood-driven community funds to support 10 apprenticeships. coalition working to address the root causes of youth • Community-Based Care Alliance: This group guides violence by strengthening families and empowering the provision of Miami-Dade County’s child welfare and protecting youth. The Trust invests $880,000 for services with the Florida Department of Children and the iAttend Truancy Intervention Program, Families. The Trust’s $64,000 investment is leveraging an additional $1.1 million to support more combined with $55,141 from other partners to than 10,000 students. support an executive director. • Miami-Dade County Public Library System (MDPLS): • Hosanna Community Foundation: This partnership As described in the Youth Development section, this with the Annie E. Casey Foundation supported match supports STEAM-based programming and community planning efforts in Liberty City. academic tutoring with MDPLS. The Trust’s In sum, nineteen funder partnerships reached more than investment of $150,000 leverages $936,000. 133,000 people last year. Eleven are funded within the • Miami-Dade Counts 2020: The Children’s Trust partners with the Census Equity Fund, Early Learning funder collaboration budget line, and eight within other Coalition Miami-Dade/Monroe, Health Foundation direct service investment budget lines. South Florida, The John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, The Miami Foundation, United Way of Miami-Dade and Wallace H. Coulter Foundation to fund 29 agencies across the county to do outreach in hard-to-count Census tracts. The Trust’s $100,000 investment leverages an additional $625,000. • Soccer for Success: As described in the Youth Development section, this match funds the U.S.

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PROGRAM & PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT • Supports for quality program implementation, fiscal & administrative functions • Program evaluation & community research • Innovation fund

31 PROGRAM & PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

SUPPORTS FOR QUALITY PROGRAM Program and professional development supports IMPLEMENTATION, FISCAL & provided in 2018-19 included: ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS • Evidence-based program training supports • Supports for the appropriate inclusion of children High-quality programs for children and families are best and youth with disabilities implemented and maintained when the right • Injury prevention education and resources organizational supports and staff competencies are • Annual 2-day school health conference present. Staff benefit from individualized coaching that • Needs assessment of family services providers to builds skills based on identified needs. Specific supports identify training and coaching support needs include observation, modeling, real-time feedback and • Access to and trainings on the use of a national practice. These types of supports have been shown to foundation directory online through Candid, improve implementation and increase job satisfaction.28 formerly Foundation Center Program and professional development providers offer • Trust trainings around finance reporting, program these supports to increase provider knowledge around implementation, grant writing, etc. specific competencies. This prompts behavior change • On-site coaching around program delivery, inclusion that serves to effectively deliver services for the intended of children and youth with disabilities, fiscal and population, and ultimately improves outcomes for contract management service participants. • Funding and individualized supports for small Agencies funded through program and professional community-based organizations (CBOs) development serve Trust-funded provider staff who Last year, The Children’s Trust launched a new learning serve children and families. These supports aim to help management system, Trust Academy. This easily providers: accessible system hosts live and online trainings,

• achieve meaningful, measurable results for parents, discussion boards and resources. Provider staff can children and families; register for live trainings from professional development • build strong, sustainable organizations; providers and select from a library of nearly 1,000 online • consistently deliver high-quality services in professional development courses. Coaching provided alignment with best practices; and by Trust providers and additional trainings are also • demonstrate behaviors and actions that promote reported through this system, resulting in a healthy child development. comprehensive professional development platform for providers. Supports include trainings, coaching, technical assistance and access to resources that aid in continuous learning SMALL CBO CAPACITY BUILDING and quality improvement. Supports also improve Last year, 18 small community-based organizations were adherence with contract requirements and agency or funded through this capacity building initiative. Agencies initiative goals. Last year, 3,297 participants received participate in a series of monthly capacity building training through 266 in-person training sessions. In workshops on topics such as program design, addition, there were 5,779 online trainings completed. courageous leadership, people-focused management, financial health, internal monitoring for improvement, and cultivating a learning-based organizational culture. Agencies also receive general and individualized coaching in areas they identify for improvement. During the first seven months of this 2-year program, more than 100 general coaching hours were received. Participant feedback has been positive on all aspects of the program.

32 PROGRAM & PROFPROFESSIONALESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAM EVALUATION & The Trust ensures the availability of key data and information to inform policy decisions in support of COMMUNITY RESEARCH children and families in Miami-Dade County. Research Knowing and understanding factors related to children’s and evaluation take place at multiple levels – from well-being across Miami-Dade County’s distinct county and sub-county community research to cross-site neighborhoods, from their strengths and assets to their initiative-level program evaluation and individual disadvantages and needs, requires community research. contract-level performance metrics review. There is an Program evaluation helps us understand and strengthen emphasis on applying lessons from the field to initiative effectiveness, as well as improve performance. incorporate best practices in Trust-funded programming, Evaluation is a powerful tool to inform how to optimize as well as on evaluating and continuously learning from scarce resources for maximum impact. As a steward of our efforts and disseminating that learning across the public dollars, it is critical to ensure effective community and professional field. accountability processes and tools for reviewing contract The department’s goal this year is to support evaluative performance, with an emphasis on continuous learning thinking with data-driven discussions and decisions that and improvement and connection to needed capacity drive impact. The team strives to practice and encourage development supports. The Trust’s success depends on critical thinking based on inspiring curiosity, examining the success of funded providers. evidence and making best judgements. Through these

efforts, Trust staff and providers will build the habits to identify assumptions, pose thoughtful questions, pursue deeper understanding and make informed decisions for action. Selected projects over the past year are noted below. Continued development of Trust Central, The Trust’s primary data system, to support all business processes. The system collects provider information starting with applications and continues through renewals – capturing not just program performance but also individual level data and performance. Significant efforts in the past year led to more aggregate views of performance data as well as advancements in the areas of business intelligence and analytics. Trust Central received an award for Technology Innovation: Operations from Government Technology magazine. The Miami-Dade IDEAS (integrating data for effectiveness across systems) Consortium for Children includes several leading systems that impact early learning outcomes, including The Children’s Trust, the Early Learning Coalition of Miami-Dade and Monroe, the Miami-Dade County Head Start/Early Head Start Program, Miami-Dade County Public Schools and the University of Miami. Collectively, partners provide early childhood services to more than 80 percent of young children residing in the County prior to kindergarten. This integrated data system informs school readiness practice and policies through a researcher-practitioner partnership. Last year, the Consortium launched its website and held a public convening, as well as disseminated several research briefs. 33 PROGRAM & PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

INNOVATION FUND Innovation is a driver of growth and an important basis for developing solutions to persistent economic and social challenges. While evidence-based programs yield proven results when implemented with fidelity, there is also a need for practice-based innovation to identify and address new or evolving social problems. Social innovation “becomes an imperative when problems are getting worse, when systems are not working or when institutions reflect past rather than present problems.” Thus, public investment in innovation is needed and justified when there is persistent “market failure,” meaning free-market actors fail to allocate resources to optimize social welfare.29 The innovation fund to pilot new strategies, methods, instruments and partnerships seeds new ideas and encourages new program designs promoting the optimal development of children. These ideas and programs have not previously been developed or tested in our diverse community. The Sundari Foundation launched “The Farm” at Lotus These investments build on existing community assets Village, a working hydroponic, urban farm that is fun, and encourage collaboration by offering community interactive, hands-on and educational. It offers children partners the opportunity to identify an issue, develop a and youth the opportunity to learn by doing activities potential solution or implement imaginative strategies. that build new life skills, confidence and self-esteem as Not all ideas are expected to be successful, as greater they provide high-quality, pesticide-free, fresh discovery and insight often result more from ideas or vegetables for the supportive food service in Lotus approaches that do not work as expected than from Village, a state-of-the-art shelter serving homeless those that do. families. In 2019, a new cohort of 12 innovation contracts were K9’s for Kids brings the power of dogs to our system of awarded, for a total funding amount of $866,000. Some care for sexually, psychologically and physically abused examples of funded projects include: children. The Disability Independence Group, Kristi House, the Department of Children and Families and the Trinity Church, in partnership with Patch of Heaven Guardian Ad litem Program joined forces to train a Sanctuary, developed the Queen Breeding Program, an facility dog to do jobs such as welcoming children and innovative youth development program for students in families, sitting with children during therapy sessions and grades six through 12. The program applies biology, accompanying children to other activities. entomology, genetics and laboratory skills to produce healthy, productive queen bees resistant to common The PrepNOW! program is a web-based curriculum with honey bee pests and diseases. Participants maintain on- classroom instruction to help foster parents create a site honey bee apiaries and educate the community on college-going culture at home. launched by Reserve the importance of honey bees to our ecosystem and our Elder Service, the program assists foster parents in foster economy. youth education, well-being and self-sufficiency by providing support through college preparation,

motivation and communication strategies, and building an academic environment for education advocacy.

34 CONTRACTED SERVICE PROVIDERS

93rd Street Community Development Corporation Coach Sam Burley Foundation A Worthy Cause Coalition of Florida Farmworker Organization Abundant Living Citi Church Collaborative Development Corporation Adults Mankind Organization Communities In Schools of Miami Advocate Program Community Coalition Agape 4 Orphans International Community Health of South Florida Ailey Camp Miami Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts Concerned African Women American Children's Orchestras for Peace ConnectFamilias Americans for Immigrant Justice Coral Gables Congregational Church Amigos Together for Kids Dance Center of Florida Amplifyme Dance Now! Miami Area Stage Company Dave and Mary Alper JCC Art Creates US DCS Mentoring Program Arts Ballet Theatre of Florida Debbie School/UM Arts for Learning Deering Estate Foundation ArtSouth Department of Teaching & Learning/FIU Association of Exchange & Development of Activities & Dibia DREAM Partnerships Diva Arts and Entertainment After-school & Summer Treatment Programs at the Center for Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation School Health Initiative/UM Children and Families/FIU Early Childhood Quality Consultant Ayuda Early Discovery at the Department of Pediatrics/UM Barry University Early Learning Coalition of Miami-Dade Be Strong International Easter Seals South Florida Belafonte TACOLCY (The Advisory Committee of Liberty City Educate Tomorrow Youth) Empowering Youth Big Brothers Big Sisters EnFamilia Big Ideas Educational Services ENLACE Miami at the College of Engineering & Computing/FIU Borinquen Health Care Center Evolutionary Arts Life Foundation Boys & Girls Club of Miami-Dade Excel Kids Academy Branches FAB Sports Academy Brazilian Voices Families First at the Department of Pediatrics/UM Breakthrough Miami Family & Children Faith Coalition Carlmar Family Action Network Movement Casa Valentina Family Central Catalyst Miami Family Christian Association of America Catholic Charities Family Resource Center of South Florida Center for Autism & Related Disabilities/UM and NSU Fantasy Theatre Factory Center for Family and Child Enrichment Federation of Families, Miami-Dade Chapter Center for Social Change First Serve Miami Center for Virtual & Community Advancement First Step Champions Centro Campesino Farmworker Center Fit Kids of America Centro Mater FLIPANY Chabad Chayil Florida Film Institute Children of Inmates FOCAL (Foundation of Community Assistance & Leadership) Children's Forum Friends of the Bass Museum Children's Home Society Friendship Circle of Miami Children's Village/ The Resource Room Future Leaders Academy of Kendall Christian Fellowship Community Development Corporation GableStage CIFFTA Adolescent and Family Indicated Prevention Program at the Gang Alternative School of Education and Human Development/UM Grace Christian Ministry Citrus Health Network Grace Christian Preparatory City of Hialeah Greater Goulds Optimist Club City of Homestead Greater Miami Youth for Christ City of Miami Greater Miami Youth Symphony City of Miami Beach Greater St. Matthews Holiness Church City of Miami Gardens Ground Game Training City of North Bay Village Guitars Over Guns City of North Miami Beach Healthy Steps at the Department of Pediatrics/UM City Theatre Helping Hands Youth Center CMB Visions Unlimited His House Children's Home

35 CONTRACTED SERVICE PROVIDERS

Historic Hampton House Community Trust New Horizons Community Mental Health Center Honey Shine New Jerusalem Community Development Corporation Hosanna Community Foundation New World Symphony Institute for Child & Family Health Nicklaus Children's Hospital Jessie Trice Community Health Center Nu Deco Ensemble Jewish Community Services of South Florida O'Farrill Learning Center JoAnn’s A Place of Refuge OIC of South Florida Jordan Grove Missionary Baptist Church Opa-locka Community Development Corporation Judah Christian Center Ministries Orchestra Miami Just Kids Centers Overtown Youth Center Karen Peterson and Dancers Parent to Parent of Miami Kayleen's Learning Center Parents as Teachers PAT 4U at the College of Arts, Sciences & Kids Learning Center of South Dade Education/FIU Kids Learning Center of South Dade III Parks Foundation Kidworks USA PATH: Preserving Archiving & Teaching Hip Hop Kingdom Academy Parent & Teacher-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT & TCIT) at the Knowledge Builders of Florida Miller School of Medicine/UM Kristi House PEACE CDC La Viña Del Señor People in Crisis United Lago Mar Pre-School Perez Art Museum of Miami Le Jardin Head Start Program Progressive Firefighters Association Charities Leadership Learning Center at St. John Bosco Project RISE/NSU Liberty City Optimist Club Prosperity Social Community Development Group Li'l Abner Foundation P-SWAP Mentoring and Swim Organization Linda Ray Intervention Center at the Department of Public Health Trust Psychology/UM Read2Succeed Loyola Elementary Reading & Math’s Florida Reading Corps Macedonia Community Outreach Ministries ReCapturing the Vision International Mahogany Youth Corporation Redlands Christian Migrant Association Marjory Stoneman Douglas Biscayne Nature Center Richmond-Perrine Optimist Club Mexican American Council Rise Up 4 Change Miami Bridge Youth & Family Services Saint Martha Concerts & Cultural Affairs Miami Center for Architecture & Design Sant La Haitian Neighborhood Center Miami Children's Initiative SBC Community Development Corporation Miami Children's Museum School Oral Health Program/NSU Miami City Ballet Seminole Cultural Arts Theatre Miami Dade College Seraphic Fire Miami Dade County League of Cities Shake-A-Leg Miami Miami Dance Project Shalala MusicReach Program at the Frost School of Music/UM Miami Homes For All Shepherd of God Christian Academy Miami Lighthouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired South Florida Autism Center Miami Music Festival South Florida Center for Percussive Arts Miami Music Project South Florida Youth Symphony Miami Strike Force South Temple Empowerment Project Miami Theater Center St. Alban's Child Enrichment Center Miami Wind Symphony Summer Reading Explorers at the Center for Children and Miami Youth Garden Families/FIU Miami-Dade County Department of Cultural Affairs Sundari Foundation’s Lotus Village Miami-Dade County Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces Sunflowers Academy Miami-Dade County Summer Youth Internship Program Teen Upward Bound Miami-Dade Family Learning Partnership The Advocacy Network on Disabilities Miami-Dade Public Library System The Alliance for GLBTQ Youth Michael-Ann Russell JCC The Arc of South Florida Multi-Ethnic Youth Group Association The Children's Voice Chorus Museum of Contemporary Art The Miami Foundation Musicall The Motivational Edge NAMI Miami-Dade County The Murray Dranoff Foundation National Black Child Development Institute The Opera Atelier Network for Teaching Entrepreneurship The RULER Approach at the Department of Teaching & New Hope Development Center Learning/FIU

36 CONTRACTED SERVICE PROVIDERS

The START Program (Striving To Attain Remarkable Teens) U.S. Soccer Foundation The Teaching Pyramid Model at the Department of United Community Options of South Florida Psychology/UM United Way of Miami-Dade Theodore Roosevelt Gibson Memorial Fund University of Wynwood Thomas Armour Youth Ballet Urban League of Greater Miami Thumbelina Play & Learning Center Urban Promise Miami Tiger & Dragon Miami URGENT Tiny Town Day Care Center Voices For Children/Guardian Ad Litem Touching Miami with Love Walk by Faith Educational Centers Town of Cutler Bay West Perrine CDC Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy at the School of World Literacy Crusade Social Work/FIU YMCA Miami Trinity Church Youth Development Institute Triple P LEAN at the College of Arts, Sciences & Education/FIU YWCA Miami Triumph Steps Program

37 TRUST FUNDED PROGRAM SITES

38 HEADLINE COMMUNITY RESULTS & INDICATORS

FAMILY & COMMUNITY SUPPORTS State of Miami-Dade Miami-Dade Change National (US) Florida Most Previous Value Most Recent Between Most Recent Recent (Year) Value (Year) Years Value Value CHILDREN ATTEND QUALITY CHILD CARE

Child care programs participating in Thrive by 5 QIS1 13% (2018) 19% (2019) not comparable not comparable 189 programs 273 programs

Children attending Thrive by 5 QIS child care programs1 17,842 (2018) 23,092 (2019) not comparable not comparable

Thrive by 5 QIS early care and education staff with 60 credits / 1,103 staff 1,214 staff not comparable not comparable associate or higher degree2 (2018) (2019) CHILDREN REGULARLY ACCESS MEDICAL, DENTAL, AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES

Children who regularly access medical services8 72% (2013) 92% (2018) not available 86% (2018)

Children who regularly access dental services8 61% (2013) 84% (2018) not available 85% (2018)

Children who needed Mental Health Services in the Past Year8 6% (2013) 20% (2018) not available 14% (2018)

Children who have health insurance7 80% (2008) 92% (2018) 92% (2018) 95% (2018) Children who have been screened for Growth & Development not available not available with BMI (Grades 1, 3 and 6)4 84% (2018) 91% (2018) Children who have a been screened for vision (Grades 1, 3 and not available not available 6)4 83% (2018) 88% (2018) CHILDREN ARE SUPPORTED BY NURTURING AND INVOLVED PARENTS Children in households with secure parental employment7 (children with at least one resident parent employed full-time) 64% (2008) 64% (2018) 71% (2018) 73% (2018)

Children in families that eat meals together everyday8 68% (2013) 36% (2018) not comparable 46% (2018)

Children in food insecure households3 30% (2009) 21% (2017) 23% (2017) 18% (2017)

Child maltreatment rate5 (per 1,000 children) 5.8 (2006) 3.6 (2017) 8.6 (2017) 9.1 (2017)

Unintentional child injuries resulting in hospitalization6 (per not available 100,000) 214 (2007) 152 (2018) 166 (2018)

8 not available not available Children living in safe neighborhoods 82% (2013) 81% (2018)

Data Sources: 1Web-based Early Learning System (WELS) for Miami-Dade County; 2Children's Forum Workforce Study; 3Map the Meal Gap, FeedingAmerica.org; 4Florida Dept of Health in Miami-Dade Co; 5Florida Dept of Children and Families, Child Welfare; 6Florida Dept of Health, Hospital Discharge Data; 7US Census Bureau, American Community Survey; 8PRC Child and Adolescent Health Needs Assessment by Nicklaus Children's Hospital

39 HEADLINE COMMUNITY RESULTS & INDICATORS

CHILD WELL-BEING State of National Miami-Dade Miami-Dade Change Florida Most (US) Most Previous Value Most Recent Between Recent Recent (Year) Value (Year) Years Value Value CHILDREN ARE READY FOR KINDERGARTEN

Kindergartners "Ready for Kindergarten”1(Star Early Literacy not comparable Assessment) 50% (2017) 55% (2018) 53% (2018) STUDENTS ARE SUCCEEDING ACADEMICALLY

Elementary students attending school regularly1 (< 10% not available absences annually) 95% (2006-07) 93% (2018-19) 95% (2011-12)

Middle students attending school regularly1 (< 10% absences not available annually) 93% (2006-07) 91% (2018-19) 91% (2011-12)

High school students attending school regularly1 (< 10% not available absences annually) 86% (2006-07) 84% (2018-19) 86% (2011-12)

3rd grade students reading at a satisfactory or higher level1 not comparable (FSA ELA exam) 53% (2015) 60% (2019) 58% (2019)

4th grade students reading at or above the basic level6 (NAEP Reading exam) 68% (2009) 71% (2019) 70% (2019) 66% (2019)

8th grade students reading at or above basic level6 (NAEP Reading exam) 73% (2009) 72% (2019) 72% (2019) 72% (2019)

8th grade students math scores at or above basic level6 (NAEP Math exam) 64% (2009) 64% (2019) 66% (2019) 68% (2019) CHILDREN MEET RECCOMENDED LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Middle school students describing themselves as being a not available healthy weight2 78% (2007) 73% (2017) 73% (2017) High school students describing themselves as being a healthy weight2 75% (2007) 70% (2017) 71% (2017) 68% (2015)

Middle school students meeting recommended levels of not available physical activity2 39% (2007) 49% (2017) 49% (2017)

High school students meeting recommended levels of not available physical activity2 33% (2007) 34% (2017) 39% (2017)

CHILDREN BEHAVE APPROPRIATELY IN SCHOOLS, HOME AND COMMUNITIES

7 Children who have behavioral/conduct problems not available 12% (2018) not available 5% (2018)

Youth arrested for crimes4 (per 1,000 youth ages 10 to 17 years) 28 (2009-10) 7 (2018-19) 16 (2018-19) 29 (2012) YOUTH SUCCESSFULLY TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD

5 Teen birth rate (per 1,000 15-19 year old females) 36 (2007) 12 (2018) 17 (2018) 20 (2018)

2 Youth who feel persistently sad 30% (2007) 30% (2017) 28% (2017) 28% (2017)

Students graduating within four years of entering 9th grade1 61% (2007-08) 85% (2017-18) 86% (2017-18) 85% (2017-18)

3 Connected youth (16-19 year olds who are in school and/or employed) 92% (2006) 92% (2018) 93% (2018) 93% (2018)

Data Sources: 1Florida Dept of Education and Miami-Dade County Public Schools; 2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System; 3US Census Bureau, American Community Survey; 4Florida Dept of Juvenile Justice; 5Florida Dept of Health, Office of Vital Statistics; 6U.S. Dept of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP); 7PRC Child and Adolescent Health Needs Assessment by Nicklaus Children's Hospital

40 HEADLINE COMMUNITY RESULTS & INDICATORS

CROSSCUTTING FACTORS (2018) MIAMI-DADE FLORIDA UNITED STATES

DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN BY AGE- 555,953 4,187,312 73,403,167 ALL CHILDREN (BIRTH TO 17 YEARS) Annual births 31,017 221,508

Under 6 years 35% 32% 32%

6-11 years 33% 34% 34%

12-17 years 33% 34% 34% DIVERSITY OF CHILDREN BY RACE/ETHNICITY

Hispanic 65% 32% 25%

White, non-Hispanic 14% 41% 50%

Black 20% 20% 14%

All other 1.7% 6.9% 11% CHILDREN WHO ARE FOREIGN BORN AND/OR WITH FOREIGN-BORN PARENTS

Child is foreign born 16% 5.7% 3.3%

Child has one or two foreign-born parent 67% 34% 26% PRIMARY HOME LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES Children (ages 5-17) speak only English at home 31% 71% 77%

Children (ages 5-17) speak Spanish at home 61% 23% 16% FAMILY TYPE

Children in married-couple families 62% 65% 70%

Children in female householder families 30% 27% 23%

Children in male householder families 7.1% 7.9% 7.9% FAMILY POVERTY STATUS

Children in families with income less than 100% poverty level 22% 19% 17% Children in families with income between 100-199% of poverty level 29% 25% 21% Children in families with income greater than 200% poverty level 49% 56% 61% CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

Miami-Dade County Public Schools K-12 students with a primary Exceptional Student Education (ESE) classification 11.1% (excluding gifted).

41 END NOTES

1 McCombs, J. S., Augustine, C. H., Schwartz, H. L., Bodilly, S. J., McInnis, B., Lichter, D. S., & Cross, A. B. (2011). Making Summer Count: How Summer Programs Can Boost Children's Learning. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1120.html 2 National Summer Learning Association (2016). Smarter summers, brighter futures. 3. 3 State of Afterschool & Summer Learning in Florida – Florida Afterschool Network. (October 2019). Retrieved from http://www.myfan.org/state-of-afterschool-summer-learning-in-florida/ 4 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (July 2, 2012). The NSDUH Report: Monthly Variation in Substance Use Initiation among Adolescents. Rockville, MD. 5 Arenson, M., Hudson, P. J., Lee, N., & Lai, B. (2019). The Evidence on School-Based Health Centers: A Review. Global pediatric health, 6, 2333794X19828745. doi:10.1177/2333794X19828745 6 Ran, T., Chattopadhyay, S. K., Hahn, R. A., & Community Preventive Services Task Force (2016). Economic evaluation of school- based health centers: A community guide systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine, 51(1), 129-138. Doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.017 7 Ruderman, M. (2016). Children’s Vision and Eye Health: A Snapshot of Current National Issues (1st ed.). Chicago, IL: National Center for Children’s Vision and Eye Health at Prevent Blindness. Retrieved from https://www.preventblindness.org/sites/default/files/national/documents/Children%27s_Vision_Chartbook.pdf 8 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000). Oral health in America: A report of the surgeon general- executive summary. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health. 9 Jackson, S.L. Vann Jr., W.F., Kotch, J.B., Pahel, B., & Lee, J.Y. (2011). Impact of poor oral health on children’s school attendance and performance. American Journal of Public Health, 101 (10), 1900-1906. 10 Sherman, A., Mitchell, T. (2017). Economic Security Programs Help Low-Income Children Succeed Over Long Term, Many Studies Find. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/economic- security-programs-help-low-income-children-succeed-over 11 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html 12 Florida Agency for Health Care Administration, Emergency Department Data. Compiled by the Injury Free Coalition for Kids and Miami-Dade County Health Department. Retrieved from http://miamidade.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/wellness- programs/injury-and-violence-prevention/injury-data.html 13 Florida Agency for Health Care Administration, Hospital Discharge Data. Compiled by the Injury Free Coalition for Kids and Miami- Dade County Health Department. Retrieved from http://miamidade.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/wellness- programs/injury-and-violence-prevention/injury-data.html 14 Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.flhealthcharts.com/ChartsReports/rdPage.aspx?rdReport=ChartsProfiles.InjuryProfileDASHBOARD 15 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/cost/index.html 16 Weiss, E., & Lee, G. (2009). Parenting education is economic development. Partnership for America’s Economic Success. Retrieved from http://cebcp.org/wp-content/CB20092/Piquero 17 Popkin, S.J., Acs, G., & Smith, R. (2010). Understanding how place matters for kids. Community Reinvestments, 22(1):23-26. Retrieved from www.frbsf.org/community-development/files/Spring_CI_2010a.pdf 18 Samuelson, K. (2015). Poverty and promise: Community revitalization with place-based initiatives. Retrieved from https://publicpolicy.wharton.upenn.edu/live/news/462-poverty-and-promise-community-revitalization-with 19 Miller, J. M. (editor-in-chief) (2014). Encyclopedia of theoretical criminology (volumes I-II). Malden, MA: Wiley- Blackwell. 20 Edleson, J.L. (1997). Problems associated with children's witnessing of domestic violence. Harrisburg, PA: VAWnet, a project of the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence/Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Retrieved from http://www.vawnet.org/print-document.php?doc_id=392&find_type=web_sum_AR 21 Annie E. Casey Foundation (2016). A shared sentence: The devastating toll of parental incarceration on kids, families and communities. Retrieved from http://www.aecf.org/resources/a-shared-sentence/ 22 Child Welfare Information Gateway (2016). Rights of youth in foster care. Retrieved from https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/youth/resourcesforyouth/rights-of-youth-in-foster-care/ 23 American Immigration Council (2015). A guide to children arriving at the border: Laws, policies and responses. Retrieved from http://immigrationpolicy.org/special-reports/guide-children-arriving-border-laws-policies-and-responses

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24 Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Diaz, R.M., & Sanchez, J. (2009). Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. American Academy of Pediatrics, 123(1), 346-352. 25 Stabile, M., & Allin, S. (2012). The Economic Costs of Childhood Disability. The Future of Children 22(1), 65-96. doi:10.1353/foc.2012.0008. 26 Shimabukuro, T.T., Grosse, S.D. & Rice, C. (2008). Medical Expenditures for Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Privately Insured Population. J Autism Dev Disord, 38, 546–552. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0424-y 27 Popkin, S.J., Acs, G., Smith, R. (2010). Understanding how place matters for kids. Community Reinvestments, 22(1):23-26. Retrieved from www.frbsf.org/community-development/files/Spring_CI_2010a.pdf 28 Fixsen, D.L., Naoom, S.F., Blase, K.A., Friedman, R.M., & Wallace, F. (2005). Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, Louis de la Porte Florida Mental Health Institute, The National Implementation Research Network (FMHI Publication #231). 29 Laranja, M., Uyarra, E., & Flanagan, K. (2008). Policies for science, technology and innovation: Translating rationales into regional policies in multi-level setting. Research Policy, 37(5), 823-835.

FIGURES 1 Florida Kindergarten Readiness Screener (FLKRS). (2018). Results by District. Retrieved from http://www.fldoe.org/accountability/ assessments/k-12-student-assessment/flkrs/ 2 Perry, B.D., (2000). Traumatized children: how childhood trauma influences brain development. Journal of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill. 11: 48–51. 3 Clothier, S. & Poppe, J. National Conference of State Legislatures. New Research: Early Education as Economic Investment. Retrieved from https://www.ncsl.org/research/human-services/new-research-early-education-as-economic-investment 4 Miami-Dade County. County Code §2-8.9, Living Wage for County Service Contracts. Effective October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.miamidade.gov/smallbusiness/library/reports/2018-2019-living-notice.pdf 5 U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences. National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP). (n.d.). The Nation's Report Card. District Profiles. Retrieved from https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/profiles/districtprofile/overview/XI?cti=PgTab_OT&chort=1&sub=MAT&sj=XI&fs=Grade&st= MN&year=2019R3&sg=Gender: Male vs. Female&sgv=Difference&ts=Single Year&tss=2015R3-2019R3&sfj=NL 6 Miller, J. M. (editor-in-chief) (2014). Encyclopedia of theoretical criminology (volumes I-II). Malden, MA: Wiley- Blackwell. 7, 8, 9 Florida Department of Children and Families 10 Institute of Medicine (IOM) Classifications for Prevention. (1997). Drug Abuse Prevention: What Works. National Institute of Drug Abuse. p. 10-15. 11 Family and Community Engagement. (2013). How Collaboration among Families, Schools, and Communities Ensures Student Success. Scholastic. Retrieved from http://teacher.scholastic.com/products/face/pdf/research-compendium/Compendium.pdf 12 National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP). Retrieved January 8, 2020, from http://www.nccp.org/topics/childpoverty.html 13 Florida Department of Education and Miami-Dade County Public Schools 14 U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey

PHOTO CREDITS Cover - Betsy Marotto for MiamiHeartGallery.org P. 4 - Monkey Business/stock.adobe.com P. 8 - Monkey Business/stock.adobe.com P. 12 - Didesign/stock.adobe.com P. 16 - Andy Dean/stock.adobe.com P. 20 - Redpixel/stock.adobe.com P. 24 - Denys Kuvaiev/stock.adobe.com P. 27 - Christopher Boswell/stock.adobe.com P. 31 - Santypan/stock.adobe.com P. 34 - Rachel Spector

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